mY ih "TOR at MUCH HAS BEEN WRITTEN OF | FEATS OF SURGERY Here a Distinguished Seldier Pays Tribute to Another Notable Work of Meds.--Disease Prevention. (By ven Evelyn Weod, V.C.) One of the brightest pages in the . histery of the war will be that record- the work of our doctors. The great improvement Royal Army Medical 'Department in- the; Ae en oon 8 ae oa with the enemy. "And then I cemnmmabine- someone i jerking m2 to my feet, where I re- ropped up. against the side} dates from the substitution of Regi- mental for Army Hospitals t fifty years ago. and the cordial sup- port of the civilinn colleges and | tea¢hing hospitals. The attitwle of the combatant | 5° branch has changed towards. the de- |. partment from the days when gee erals ostentatiously disregarded timid recommendations made to meet diffi- | culties on which they have no knowl- | edge. The department was fortunate | in its Head, Director-General Sir Al- fred Keogh, wher war broke out. The first great triumph of the doctors was | in the Retreat from Mons. Rest vs. Shell-Shock. The highly cultivated soil of | stant medical aid was essential to the sixteen lier; ven -- erie Captain , of the ervaek whilst the hands of some and Captain Sinton, Indian Medical Hun most stinking breath sear- ' Service. . ched my pockets and ripped off my! Many doctors cuitionalt 'to dress A wounds under heavy fire after having i been themselves severely wounded, order to move off." So on the night of December 25th, me of them, well knowing what they | 1914, Captain Gilliland and other' were risking from German want of) | prisoners found themselves at the sta-| 'common humanity, remaining during | tion at Lille, | retreats with badiy wounded, when in-' "We were marshalled down a long platform and halted opposite a line pepe rg cattle trucks, with , SB the iding-doors in the centre | and fwo conti trapdoors up on the trucks we . were | In our truck there were The interior of the! --- of life. ing seen much hand- to-hand fighting, I was often asked, four years ago, whether I thought our young; side.| Jn -- would battle with the almost | bundled. credible heroism and endurance of , fifty-one of us. | their naked and' starved predecessors truck was disgustingly dirty. and- not | course iin the Crimea, and I invariably re-| even provided with straw. 'Of plied: "Yes; with similar hearts, but it was 'not possible for all to le or fies' Most "Seenane' - : Official Document. _ . | Ff the soldier's best friend is his: Pd he is privately convinced that t. | i fis most valuable possession is his. Aeaeedite little, brown, canvas- | ; volume, designated by the, om A.B.-64 Jt isa very real human eons soldier's pay-book, not a mere bald statement ofcash received; but | ' plished | military point of view by the Domin- jon sisfcee 'the: naing of the war, | i has just been issued by the Militia | : Department. fii When Canada entered the war on August 4, 1914, she had a permanent foree of only 3,000 men, and an ac- tive militia of 66,000. When hostili- ties ceased on November 11, 1918, poe had sent' overseas 418,980 oldiers. wat first Canada supplied a division. | jee Se Se 0) See ee kept for .six weeks after having been arrested by the. Red Guards upor pondent at Moscow, who was set free early this month and has reached 'Haparanda, Sweden. Beringer, in his report, wired from from Haparanda, says he was while in the home of the "British chaplain adjoining the British cor with iluminating in regatd to a man's This was increased until by 1916 she sulate in Moscow, and eareer. Its external appear-, 'had in France an army corps of four the chaplain and several other Eng- ance elone may suffice to hall-mark | divisions, a cavalry brigade, and lish men and women, were marched | the man as thorough in his efficiency | ' as a soldier. | | A brief reference. to the crime-sheet ef a soldier whose A.B.-64 is soiled, ' numerous other services, such as line of communication troops, railway , troops and forestry corps. On Sept. | 30, 1918, the Canadian troops in The Canadians | engaged in the on foot two miles through the streets -- to the Lubyanka House of Detention. - "I was separated from my compan- ions and was led to a room in which and will sometimes show that | Franee numbered 156,250. The caval-| were some thirty prisoners, mostly - 'be has been penalized for such minor TY brigade included a strong draft civilians, | furnished by the Royal North-west | writes |. Mounted Poltce. including a few women," Mr. Beringer. i days and nights 'in this which there was just sufficient space Fianders adhering to bits of cloth, with better stored heads." The answer | sit. The wounded did, but the others | driven by missiles into the soldiers' yas sound, for it is impossible to, mostly stood. On several occasions | " at payuients eee, bodies, carried with them germs Of | peruse the chanters of the " 'Times', German soldiers entered and robbed 1 ine! VT vrrrry % bacilli which produced tetanus. This pistory of the War," dealing with the. both officers and men gf any sort of} serutinized with understanding, --vwewwervewrweVvvyV" rTrrVyTYyYyT Yr ere eee eee ee dreadful disease was practically er- adicited in about two months' time. Then with an intensely cold winter there enme trouble. Besides the cases _ ef men incapacitated from frost- bite : there were a great number of casual- ties, labelled trench-feet, induced by the soldiers standing in half-frozen slime. This disease was followed by -a general break-down of health; but careful experiments showed that with | sound feet ensured by daily mspec- tion, the lower limbs well greased, | and with thick socks inside waders, |. the difficulties could be overcome. Our favorite leg-wear of puttees was necessarily abandoned, both on. 'ac- count of 'their constriction of limbs and as offering a large surface ao evaporation. captain, Victoria Cross awards. without ex-| warm outer clothing that they might i a choking feeling in the have savéd from the clutches of the . throa i Hun on the field itself, Burberrys; Bur'ed Alive. i fet+~ thelp nortienlar aim. Also we A.prolonged study of the portraits sffered vervr much from honver. We, illustrating those chapters makes one had very little whilet in Lille. nothing despair of drawing from the faces any , in the trucks all night, and nothing all eonctatee as to the bravest types of, the next day. Also during this period We see pictures of the sons, no sanitary arraneement of any kind of 'belted earls," of farm laborers,| was made for us." mechanics, miners, the ~-- Life at Munden. 'ela asses, seamen, fishermen, and Uni- versity students with 'classical faces; a ae eee mune the we see the father of # large fami ly. Hanover. Scanty furniture and scanty and a "Powder-monkey"; we read of t o ood were the rule at Munden. Corporal Jacks, a New Zealander, 14th "Th e daily ration was not appetiz- Imperial Australian: Regiment, now a! in ¥ rticulast ied. Black deferding in a Gallipoli | & é ar i: -- wate 'ine fo k ,trench his wounded comrades, and, | foat, Th oe sadey enn pew break- after seven were laid low, fighting on ow © mi 7 may © ost he | Out exception consisted of either fish | Munden;, | will--a: sometimes a generous story-to rela of abstinence and self-denial. These columns may be punctuated by entries Frecording moneys remitted, at fairly 4requent intervals, and it may be gen- jerally assumed that these remittances 'have gone home to the "missus," to wvhom the brave fellow voluntarily 'ai- lots a goodly share of his daily rate of pay. May she be worthy of his loving solicitude. the psge of A.B.-64 reserved for his nd lots of soldiers believe that 'it is unlucky to make a will--he in- variably indites it in strict accordance with the simple formula exaifipled for his guidance. "Wife or mother are the meal legatees, but now and then one on an exception. YA notable instance is supplied by | When " T. Atkins does make us- of 2,8 Of the Royal Air Forces, some 14,- | 000 or 15,600 were raised and trained in Canada; in addition many joined e R.A.F. after goine overseas in "2 the ee ee Foree. | "On ober 18. the cayua'ti es é\ hav ' numbered over 211,000. Ther vé been over 60,000 deaths. 152,000 ave i wounded, and when hostilNies | -- the prisoners of war numbe 'The roll of ng is: Second battle ot Yores, April-May. | 19 . Eloi, Avril 3 ft 19. , | was a. deathlike silence. pel Wood, June 2 and 3. looge, June 5, 6; 13 and 14. Battle of Somme, September, Oc- tober and Nov ember. te | ing the timber number about 50,000. | and a few dips with a wooden spoon into a bow!' ef the thinnest possible eabbage soun sontainine some herring heads. FEirht of vs had to share the contents ef this ore howl Many reanie wha were ~lhert ero isons from ovtside were-literally in a-state of starvationg Insulted by Brutal Guards. "Like the Russian prisoners, we were treated as helots and were ad- sed insultingly in, the second ° | perdon singular by low brutes aman he Red Guards. "Late one night When some of the | others were singing, suddenly there I looked up iand saw a Red Guard officer and sol- | diers standing at the opening to the |anteroom in which the prison guards | were stationed, A list of "twelve Energetic steps were taken. with t great success, to combat typhoid fev-' a re cee, eee the 2nd potatoes or pork and potatoes. . B., whose A.B.-64 says: "In the 1917 3 'names of civilians and soldiers was er, precautions being taken not only. Lit of Kis seventh Turkish assail- | 7¢ fish was very seldom eatable, but | event ty my death, I give the ann Battle of Vimy Ridge. April 9 to 13 pead out. No one doubted what this OEP ithe pork, so long as one had not toojef my property and effects to the | og Battle of Arleux and Fresnoy,April meant. It was the list of those set against water-borne sources, but also against the carriers of all food serv- ices. The medical officers soon realiz-. ed that troops readily became trench- | The most Divine-like 'act of self- étte. vant, smoking a cigar keen an eye for color, tested | sacrifice | recall is that of Sapper ; Wilttem amie Code' Fresh Air Fortnight Fund, | *8 on." Pte. B.-is a slightly grey- aired, taciturn, but éxemplary bach- lor soldier of some forty years. 29 and May 3 Battle of Lens. June. Battle of Hill 70, August 15 Battle of Passchendaele, October | lay and shook hands with their | down for immediate execution. It included two pairs of brothers. All | the condemned men rose without de- stale, rendering them liable to pre- | rd i was ereise ground was a muddy atic valling Bape sliecin? Fh py Md senaben sthumoas for | vente hetirs. | of es Ee vir ia wi Le are i Hnatand conses, in 25 and November Po slightest fear one showed the re. ight. Th duties in order to minimise the appall-| When ® resening pally Nome three cial standing becomes | Second'battle of Somme, March and ane Milne Jeers betwen be big room the anteroom were ing effect of the shock of high-ex- plosive shells on men when. enfeeb' bled come out, as.the hole was closing in| juried wounded, and then, though begged to April. Battle of Amiens, Aucust 2. Capture of Monchy-le-Preux, Aug- | ane aa then closed. This was done only when prisoners were taken away for from. want of nutritious food; 'swarmed. In in- | effo parame declined to abandon another | ; eff mental strain, or loss of restful steep. | jured man he was trying to lift out, fested with lice, especially the hospital | ma Galmned before starting tS sexing of Oeeant-Drocoort line, execution. 'The-doors remained clos- The Healthiest Army. poh "No; I am a tunneller, and room,.and no' attempt had been made dear old "Blighty." If he is in' geotember 3 "a 4 i (ed for a few. minutes np Aimy ae It was noticed that on relief to a must look after the others first." on the ~---- the Germans to rid the the happy position of having an ample | Crossing of Canal du Nord: and eenened - oe -- Their bodies were net recepered antl | "EE 4. -- credit, good hick to him! If he has | Bourlon Wood, September 27-29. overlooked were called out, , These rest-camp some men would sleep for twenty-four hours, and then awake different people in health. The action | No daily papers nor vere of make } after four days' wor | any sort were allowed; also, to | things worse, smoking wag prohibited } 'Spent not wisely but too well, who ©, | Yemiembering the restrictions put, Encirclement -and capture of Cam- brai, October 1-9. also rose without a tremor and the folding doors: were shut .a second and f high lasive shells in m ases . sak upon him in the battle line, can blame . . billed wen eas Kaen _ . OPTICAL GLASS lhecause some Russian officers h him? Capture of Douai, feral 1% Yast time. The condemned prisoners . ¥ | gi ung their national hymn in the yard { Capture of Denain, Octo were either shot in the basements of a ig oc gpg eng agen ts 4 . "| Encirclement and capture of Val- the 'prison with their backs to the blind, deaf, in some cases silly, and others deprived of a portion of their | senses. It was found that men who; had been subjected to such great strain | lost their power of self-control; and the doctors satisfactorily established the fact 'that soldiers in a good state | of discipline and high spirits were' better able to resist the shock of high- | explosive shells than. those in an en- feebled condition or only partly trained. ' | The skill of the surgeons in. effect- | ing facial reparations after mutilation | Great Britain is 'ow Independent of one Sunday. Cigarettes arriving in | parcels from home were, of course, not given to us. Occasionally books were included, which the Huns would take months to censor; and one was the German Product. Regardi the develop t of the British optical giass industry the Bri- tish Board of Trade Journal says that potash salts form an essentia ingredient in glass making, so that 'the very great development which has taken place in the production of Bri- | tish glass would not have been pos-|™ |sible had net the parallel develop- | ment, in potash production also taken | . lace The publication says that although 'even though written years before the outbreak of war, lest they should con- tain information on any subject which might prove useful to prisoners." After nearly two years of prison amp jife, Captain Gilliland was sent | to hospital to be operated upon for this neglected woynd. He was in such | a condition that the operation had to 1} not always certain of receiving these, | - STORY OF THE PIE | A Delicacy Known in Great Britain | Before the Norman Conquest. There is-a popular sapeeeaen,| to the effect that the delicious eulin- ary product known as "pie" origin- ated in New England. But it didn't. ; The austere religion of the early New Englanders was not inspired {as some philosophers have suggest- ed) by indigestion due to pie. They: brought beth religion and pie with them when they came to America. | could not enciennes, October -25 and November , 2 : " Advance and éapture of Mons. Nov- | ember 7-11 --t LURERS OF .U-BOATS British Announce » Feats of Sailors in Destroying Hun Submarines. Details are published in the Official | Gazette of acts for which naval offi- | cers and men were awarded the Vic- toria Cross during the war and which | given out earlier for | | firing party or they were taken out |ta the suburbs in motor lerries and there told to get out and get away Then velleys were poured into them while they were walking or running away. The bodies are sometimes re- coverable by relatives on payment of heavy brtbes . ~ 3,006 Prisoners in One Jail. Later Beringer was transferred to | Butysky jail, at the other end of the city, which contained some 3,000 pris- 'oners. In the cell he occupied there was a Russian ex-judge, a few so}- is marvellous, an@ is naturally more when wa r broke out optical glass . appreciable by laymen than the efforts ; 'ah tenn: Madainounel on England | be performed without an anaesthetic.| There you have it in a word. Pie obvious reasons. | diers and some members of the mid- of physicians, great as is their suc-! for seventy years, the country on | After ten weeks he was taken to the lavas an established institution in Eng-! The Victoria Cross was awarded | -- hace possi eer ig . vom We cess in curing diseased soldiers. | dependent upon Germany for ped fortress (the "hell hele") of Ingold- Jend centuries before Columbus dis- to Lieut. William Edward Sanders on itary conditions worse, There was should be thankful.to them in a still | 'per cent. of its supplies. Thirty p | ata covered this continent. On this side June 22, 1917. In command of the , abr oer thi a maladies vent. came from France; the peice 35 Feet Underground. of the water, we have done no more tonsail schooner: Prize of 200 tons, |B oo ai ee a th fh vs guarded: against, which are more' j ai ; n modify it. | i ; éringer was allowed a ha nour's der of ten per cent. made in the coun- The 'living rooms assigned to the tha 7, he Haienet wees ¢ oe | jexercise daily in the yard. fatal to troops than even the most _ -inhuman devices of the Germahs. No | army in the world has ever been 80 free from disease as that which has) France for four} |try was the production of one firm,! prisoners were 'a series of tannel- Messrs. Chance Bros. & Co., of Birm- | shaped cells, twenty-six feet long by ingham. Until Germany developed at | fifteen broad, and contained six offi- Jena its optical glass industry upon' cers each. us, with six beds, The modification, however, has been considerable. We have flattened out the pie, reducing it to a sort of pancake pattern, commonly with a soggy undercrust. No such pies are 'marine on April 30, 1917. "panic party" | * gun crews on concealed themselves... left the ship, the Prize When the submarine had got within There he and some of the others received assistance from Majer Al- 'len Wardwell, of the American Red "| Cross, who, he writés, "literallv slav heer. quartered in a large and successful commercial ; *" rears ' le. thi * k "of M Cc nf ee prit es wepies Vy ourselves, known to-day, or were ever known,' seventy yards-of the schooner the ed on behalf of the prisoners. ' . seule eo WOTKS © ansrs. nee and a space set apart to act as kit- Pe : | "The conditions of our internment The Use of Dogs ip d th rts of F h k fm Great Britain, where pies are British guns opened fire. The U-boat gs. ros. and the imports of French mak- Pree and seullery, there was not ve : ; | : ; were so vilely sordid that. it is no Amongst the r rkable 1 med ers esupplied practically all the op-!m an T¥ {baked in a deep dish. . sank in four minutes and three of; ¥T® a f th Among emarkable new med- | teal seal te Geeak Ueinie. Wu _ . Races are in a way the product of the crew were captured. ; wonder that the minds 'ef some of the ical. methods is the preserving of | glass used in Gre ri stoss "The breakfast consisted of a large}ehat they eat. Thus the pie-has a- Licut, Ronald Neil Stuart and Sea-| ™ore refined prisoners became un- human blood in ige for several weeks peeagg a pn om -- nw | cupful of hot coffee. It was made of historical and ethnologic sigpifieance. man William Williams, "of HLMAS. i hinged," Beringer wires. for the rebuilding of bloodless pa-| turers received su stantial financial |ground acorns and a small percentage|1: stands for something 'definite irl Pargust, received the Bala Cross "The ------ leaders show Re mercy. In their newspapers they tients. Slight cases which would he ordinarily sent to the Base are per- mitted te volunteer and remain at the Front to be ready to give some of their blood for transfusion to others, who, without such aid, would suc- cumb to their wounds. -We should never forget what the Red Cross Society has for "our support from their government andj of chicory, and was quite undrink- were® officially encouraged in 'every; able. This, with three ounces of black way. German industry and research, ' bread, which chiefly consisted of po- adequately backed by money, made | tato peelings, bran, and sawdust, was the Jena works famous'all over the | all we had for breakfast. At the world, Many new and valuable.types midday meal we received five potatoes of optical glass were. discovered and for six officers, or a swede weighing made, and by 1914 the German in- | about 1% Ibs. For supper a break- dustry had 'reached the position | fasteupful of soup made of - ground shuman development. The French know not nie. How sod! But in Great Britain the dish unquestionably antedates the Norman conquest, and very Jikely the Roman invasion. Mince pie in partjcular is, an institution of very old nglish | cookery. It was really quite a re-; Warkable invention, when one comes i for bravery in.sinking an- enemy sub marine in an attion similar to that, in which Lieut. Sanders of the Prize | participated. Another case in which | a "panic party" lured a German sub- marine to approach a vessel with dis- astrows results for the enemy was H.M.S. Stockforce, in command of Lieut. Harold Auten. Lieut. Auten |. |hold up Marat as the ideal friend of ithe néeovle. They urge that hi« ex- araple should be followed, and _--_ h the extermination of the entire mic i dle class." te The General's Drop. I have been told this story of a wounded)' which inestimable work which has just been described--it | white beans (sometimes edible, but erp the 'tees aper has 'éllected, | contributed sixty per cent. of all the | nat atten} wus Geevthel. Me eee fern Bngtand ' "we ' Middle hava ieherd Victoria Cross on September "flying" general, Mae has had pa . : writer The nm of casualties passing | glass that was used in Great Britain. j oF forks, spoons or plates were sup-- vag word-was spelled "pye"; and this The Victoria Cross also was. award- ragga h nny News. "TT es ane "4 through the a have been mat- erially decreased by the use of dogs as messengers in the firing-line to the rear. It is often mecessary to send a message. t a barrage where no telephonic communication is available; and it is obvious that, from the animal's smaller swe and greatly increased speed, the target for aimed and unaimed fire is much diminished: outbreak of war with an immediate coal allowance diminished Po: Be Without optical munitions upon a! plied tous. We were forced to sup bp seale far exceeding that of peace,/ ply our own stove. The coal which | the naval and military operations could | | was supplied to us every second day |. not have been efficiently carried on, | would be equal to two small scuttle.' yet the country waa,threatened at the | fuls. There were times when th reduction by more than one-half in | ly, especially at the coldest period, its supplies of glass. vat nie one time we could only afford to the fire lit after twelve noon. was in m Janaery, Described. when the' bre degrees. Cantiorele: " ig su to have been derived from ane. "pighe." Theré is, indeed, ip than a possibility that the dish originated in Ireland. . ' erence Geerenromnense . Po. Japanese Sheep Farms. | With a view to meeting eventually 1} the ngtional demand for wool, the}, panese Government will establish ed posthumously to Skipper Crisp, of the smack Nelson. who. although terribly wounded, continued to engage a.submarine until his ammunition was almost exhausted and his vessel sink- ing. iptiantincarneite "Women Glass Workers. Women in England are engaged in lens polishing, oxy-acetylene welding teeth and ago he was a passenger in an aero- plane going north. After a -while he picked up a village where he intended to stop for a day or two, and in- farmed the pilot, who at once signi- fied his intention of making a land- "Oh! don't stop!"", shouted the Lady Smith Dorrien, the president of "What sort of a jot is he?" eter st the BlueCross Fund, which has miti- "He's the kind that\would cheer , below freezing point. Let the reader three sheep farths early in the new oo 5 Snag a Hl overboard and = congo . --~? gated to a great extent the inevitable the boys msiching off war and re ye at that means in a stone year. pt sige ee Sime, Gee self nee - var - ae sufferings of horses employed on/'tcen grumble about having to pay an -five feet beneath the earth. ° +2 tis ~~ * eannwete * eatiaal < -- safely Gaued in service, mentioned lately at # meet-jin me tax." Carter we did no "What I "¥! have lost; what I giass ou eer ang" seudnnan while eeroplane con i ing that her fund has assisted 18,000 ee damp, since wants gn away *._Ordesus, builders oe siete, flight. . cogs; and told stories of much inter- Otheryise 'Peaceful '+ one occasion a Russ year ye were 5,285,000 war. aia ibtentnacoon : F eee iene ect: one of a dog carrying through a "Was it.a military d ner?" ommit' suicide towards neon the Un States. It is Electricity hag been adapted to 48| A campaign for the sale of thrift hrowage a letter which saved a .bat- teen; and another of a dog which "Juat a suggestion that real estate men are looking , military. | although the officer's comrades nearly We shelled the nuts." battered down: the door in order to ! forward to « boom in garden lands. the house- different . purposes hold