* ------ For the --=> Boys and Girls Much Development Proposed In the wake of these fxvorable con- further promotion and growth <f ; | hydro-electric enterprises. ____»j | that of a relatively small powe- being | The Story of Fire. SE al BY LOVELL COOMBS. ( It probably will surprise many of yur young readers to be told that fire was not always used by man; that it was "discovered," like the law of gravitation and other great principles or agents of nature. | Not only did man in the far dim! past know nothing of the usefulness of fire, but he regarded it as one of the great evil spirits, that from time to time struck down angrily from the sky, set the forest aflame, and sent himself and the wild animals fleeing . for their lives. In those days man ate raw foods, much as did the ani- mals. His home he made in the trees in order to escape his prowling ene- mies at night. While the first actual use of fire by man is not recorded, the following) is one legend which seems plausible: A bult of lightning caused a forest fire in u section of what is now South- ern Europe. Animals and human be- ings fled in terror, During the stam- pede, probably when the flight was undertakon in every part of the coun: | try. From all indications the figures | just used will be left behind by a wide' Even should the rate of installation | of the fire since 1910 be maintained in succeed. ; bow, with the sun glass, and finally, ing years, there will be installed in' with the match of to-day. 1925, 3,360,000 b.p.; in 1930, 4,110,000; | While we of the present .age think In 1935, 4,800,000; and in 1940, 5,600,. of fire as one of man's greatest} 000. As a matter of fact there +s friends, we aiso are learning that the /Mtle doubt but that the rate of in-) same fire may too easily become a! crease will be much more rapid. } terrible enemy, a Fire Fiend who may| The increasing development of water, be unleased -by the careless hand of} Powers in Canada is only undertaken ; the smallest child, by the careless! with intelligent foresight. It fore-| smoker, the careless campey;/or by|Sh@dows an increased activity in in. the careless land-clearing settler. Let' dustrial manufacturing to come. The} every Boy Scout and every other ¢laborate work in progress may ig young Canadian who camps out dur-, taken as a fairly accurate indication | ing the summer eet an example of safe) °f extensive industrial establishment | camp-fire making. to follow in its wake and utilize the with the whirling spindle sai ter. Never make a fire larger than is'POWer made available. The wa necessary. It is a 'igture) impulse,! Power developed in Canada at the pre. | ¥- ts an t of | : : H t time especially where wood is plentiful, to) 5©? DP make a big fire; but this is an im-| OVEr pat te and : : pulse that no real woodsman will give; ne + ar SS into. B s m ig hieipiiaaes " pene i As Lage oho om will ana, BAY times its volume by the thou-} it interesting to discover how emall) *nds of new industries induced val a fire you can use for your out-door, cate by the advantages of hydro- cooking. E in 1940, at the' the | We who love song--and yet can make the What of cur n ing in extent from the gigantic tO) what of margin before the end of the Ye@r.| We who Jove wonder and dreams--and no sound; We who are dumb when. singers fill thoughts when thrilling our dreams when. the great Word is found That lifts ue to heaven? . . we of litle worth? é Are yet are mate; Je who are passionate for swift Hew Volcanoes Save the World the "burning mountain," re-j various parts of the worl', and of nd most dreaded volcano. It is 10,800 ft. high---160ft. lower than it was fifty fifty years ago--and measures no less ; than ninety-one miles in circumfer- ence at its base. Althongh voleanoes are often refer- red to as burning mountains, im reality they. do not burn at aH. Neither are they mountains in the true sense of the h cently active after several years of | these two hundre? and seventy are comparative quiet, is Europe's biggest} still on the active list. Vesuvius wae otes resound. 2 silent for over twe thousand years before it suddenly woke up and in a few hours, destroyed Pompeil. is known to have been active as fur beck as 600 B.C. In 1186 it dextroyed 15,000 people, since when at varying Intervais it has been the scene of a number of disasters. Harnessing Steam Power tides o God i term. The scientific definition of a In Italy im some of the relcanic mpegs pate trom:the s deer volcano is "an opening in the earth's | islands of the Pacific the steam power Yearning for star-dust and Love's high- frui Pity us, O singers, when the years are long. crust, through which heated matter fs thrown up from the earth's interior to the surface, where it usually forms a bill, more or less conical in shape, and generally with a holiow or crater issuing from) volcanoes has been har- j nessed for engineering purposes. i people of the Tuscan town of Lerdello 'ight their streets, heat their humes, , and do their cooking by means of vo.- numbers of which are increasing every beginning to slacken as a zone of com- year. parative safety was reached, a bear turned upon a fleeing companion, a n. BUILDING A CAMPFIRE. One of the best camp fireplaces, both for economy of fuel, and for con- venience of cooking, is the small fire- CONQUERING A BEAR. places made of square-faced stones. The man had observed that the} These should .be placed six to eight bedr was as fearful of fire as was he| inches apart, and laid in direction a himself. Near at hand lay a burning} little off the prevailing wind. This is branch, Momentarily in greater dread. to prevent the wind driving the heat of the animal than the fire, the man| through. The length of the fireplace caught up the ember and struck at} can be adjusted to the cooking needs; the bear. The bear drew_away and, of the party. A fireplace two feet fled. For the first time man recog: | long will easily take care of the cook- nized fire as a possible friend. 'ing for a' party of eight. He previously had noted that the! To the inexperienced the making of forest fires burned longest where sev-|a fire in the woods after a prolonged| eral trees had fallen together. As an! spell of wet weather is a problem. As experi in protecting himself; a matter of fact it offers no serious against other animals he now collected: difficulty. Dead branches on a stand- a number of branches and piled them' ing tree usually are to be found, and upon the burning limb--to make what: even after a prolonged rain a branch doubtless he called a "tree fire." To} half an inch thick will be quite dry Lis delight he saw other passing ani-' inside. It can be split down the mid- dle with a knife, then into smaller One Glance Would Have Told. mals swerve to avoid the fire. - Why Is she so enthusiastic over the . . = * . ; ; t a ad ™ Other fleeing men joined him, and pieces; or better yet, the damp outside ei cor tae ber when she wore assisted in the experiment. Night! can be whittled away and the remain- them chort?" came, and instead of finding a still der made into a "fuzz stick." That is, , at the top." canic steam pressure, which generat 's " si ae ee Earth's Safety-Vaives. enough heat Mi cook a joint in less 4 Proudly articulate in far-distant, Where eruptions frequently oceur, | 'han es anes ¢ sicte eeteaaiee 4 spheres, the heated materials forced upwards; /" ng vie fad é hic gz But now, in our eflence, only we bring! pile themselves to hights which cause ' crs lly one 'ole wht . eee lied < Great understanding -- oh, no little| them to be classed as mountains. gece igi oa pe pola ind is thing! -- What locks 'like fire belching forth |). fifty miles distant. The steam : And hark! in the darkness, our des-| jg merely the reflection of the molten is carried throngh pipes te huge boil- "A perato tears. lava'on the clouds of steam which | ors, whore Re heat converts water tuto ; Stanton Towne. |hang over the crater. The steam itself: sii) more steam which drives ihe : Weg. aap ' . . *, dynamos and provides central heatin Very Rare Specimens Be- The cause of volcanic action is not ta many 'cee, Similar tnstaliations queathed to Museums. known. The most popular theory i® are peing erected in other part: of rd Carnarvon in his will be-; that it is brought about by water get- waly, and the future may ke? thet queathed one object, to be decided | ting into the white-hot furnace below country become a vast electric pov er upon later, to the British Museum and; the earth's crust. In support of this station, supplying electricity to bulf nother to the Metropolitan Museum the fact is cited that nearly all the gyrope. of New York. The London Times un-| most active volcanoes are close to the The great spectacular volcano of derstands that the object intended for *€4- | Kilauea, in Hawail, is to be meric to the New York Museum is a portion of Volcanoes rre really safety-valves. justify its existence in the same vay. a very wonderful glass vessel made' Without them we could hardly heave The crater of Kilauea is a yart i:.e in the eighteenth dynasty. about 1500/ existed at all. for scientists say it is of molten lava, and this will be hor. B.C, The object for the British Muse-! due to volcanic action that the con-' nessed to supply the Hawatian ¢.:n- um arrived at the museum recently. It; tinents emerged from the sea. Barth. munity with Nght, heat, and powe: é is a very beautiful portrait figure in} quakes, which are usually more ter-' The time may not be far d:stint rible in their effects than volcanoes,' when the largest and most active vok would occur much more frequently canoes, instead of being a dreaded but for these safety.valves. menace to the safety of man, vill con- Between six hundred and sever hun-! tribute materially to his happiness and dred valeanoes have been counted in' comfort. Aid wood of a high official who was con- nected with the services performed in the chapels of the pyramids at Ohizes about 3600 B.C. . --_--_ -- ---- Narrow Escape. ee Patient--Great Scott, doctor! What an awful bill for only one week's treat- Phonograph as an ment! School Work Doctor--My dear fellow, if you knew Only half a dozen of Toronto's 86 what an interesting case yours was, schools are now without and how étrongly I was temptod to gramophone or phonograph. Some of let it go to a post-mortem, you would- them have three or four. They have n't grumble at a bill three times as been purchased by the children them- big as this! | selves. These instruments enable the --_--- -$-- | cher to do quick and amazingly ef- The first machine that could type fective work in getting the children | more quickly than one could write was to grasp the idea of the difference be- | designed in 1866. e | tween music of real beauty and dis-! tn standing tree up which to climb fora stick shaved so that the shavings safety during the darkness, the remain attached to one end, forming a group determined to make the great circular cluster. venture of remaining on the ground If unlucky enough to be caught out where they were under the protection in a prolonged driving rain a fire of their new found friend, the fire.| usually can be made in the lee of! The Grand Fleet of the British Col- The fire did not play them false.| something, such as a clump of laiey,| SinOte Service way aos elt oe gered, Throughout the ni i i 'compact ns. ution eeeees, en 'oug night their animal P. sotution' jakes, rivers, bays, quiet- enemies 'made no attempt to molest is ruce, or fir, with lower pestuous waters, wherever the duty ' - More, as the night became' branches four or five feet above the cold, the crackling ftames kept them' ground; or whose lower branches are delightfully warm. Another discov-' dead, and thus may be cut out, inci- ery! Often, previously, man had been dentally to be used as fuel, First er uncomfortable in his tree shake the tree thoroughly, ome; often he had viewed with envy| water down, then make your fire, ri the dry, comfortable caves in which' under its cover. You will igen it well dln ggg orev ntl certain of the larger animals lived. : under way before the tree has again| SECURING A CAVE HOME. | become waterlogged. can be secured in no other way. Another idea came. Why not, with' However soaked one may be, there! For rough service in open waters, this new found friend, the fire, drive "=" always be found something on! the patrol ships have to act as the the bears out of that fine hig cave in which a match may be struck: the dry| floating homes of the ranger and, the hillside not far distant? | inside of a smoothly split dead branch,| supervisers. Five of them are equip: | He determined to make the attempt. | or the inside of your leather belt, or, ped with wireless sending and recelv. | Burnings embers were carried to the' ®@ small smooth stone, washed clean,' ing apparatus which keeps them in| hill, and flung into the cave south. | and with the moisture flicked off. | steady touch with headquarters. At once the bears came rushing: CHOOSE GOOD LOCATION. The fleet boasts of four main typ 6. | frantically forth, and disappeared,| Of course you will make sure that} The flat-bottomed dory with outboard | With cries of joy the men took pos-| you choose a fire location from which! Motor, used in shallow water; the lake | Session--and the age of the cave the fire cannot spread, if necessary boats, powered by a 12-16 h.p. engine, | dwellers was begun, | seraping away or burning back ieaves,, With a speed of ten miles an hour, ; Of course the fire was zealously, dry grass, ete., for a safe distance. cTeW of from ten to twenty men; the guarded day and night; and the And where the soil is of a spongy na-| Standard assistant ranger launch, guardian of the fire became the most. ture you will make absolutely certain| Mich is 30 feet long, with a beam important office in the family or tribal! that the last ember has been drowned, % 8 feet, carries an eight h.p. heavy group. | out before you leave. Where it jig) duty motor and will stand two tons of As centuries passed other means of necessary to camp on such soil, locate, @uipment and six to eight men. These securing fire were discovered--by the your fire near water. In other words, | 2re built with a cabin and pilot house Striking together of flints and iron, be a real woodsman this summer--| &d are of one-men-Doiteol type: Then t |of forest protection summons. Forty-one patrol boats work along British Columbia's inland waterways ; and the long coast line, each with its to get the "heat." each spotting fires, gathering | the water routes a protective service | that under British Colubia conditions | -- ---- | British Columbia's Forest Patrol Fleet == | tinction and commeon-place popular | jtunes, Placing a record on the ma- 'chine the teacher shows how quickly | the children sense the recurring tune 'and understand the progress of the cook, They have a cruising radius of musical narrative being played 150-200 miles without refilling the fuel t t : of oni: fancies: Hubby (h Hg pee ne Hr aed OPLOFity. idea musk anc apumit athe. The Coat of Tan. South Sea Island Wifle: Young children sense with aesarad Ba I ought to have a new coat? Don't rou oe ): Sure thing---- S is. They take to program music--the error }' ppoeenenints patie nines used by patrolmen in the distant sec- of so many edults---with delight. tfons of the country where there is; There {s practically no school in little travelling and the only fire risk Toronto without at least one teacher is 'that occasioned by lightning, the well qualified to teach music along occasionally careless trapper and progressive lines through the use o nomadic Indians. The second type of the gramophone, boat is used in more thickly populated districts, such as in the Arrow and Kootenay Lakes, Shuswap Lake, Cow- ichan and Harrison Lakes, and is a speedier type. The third type, the standard coast assistant ranger's boat, | is necessarily a sturdier constructed -- boat. made to stand the heavy seas which it meets with when the fire' season is at its peak. The ranger boat is the home of the ranger, who carrtes ------_----_--___ King Forever Barred the ouse of Commons There is one place in the king's do minions from which the King is for ever barred--the house of commons. | The meanest of his subjects may, on ' complying with certain conditions, sit ;in the public gallery and listen to the ebautes. But the sovereign, f Anil teachers are also enabled {o teach history or other subjects. Suppose Shakespeare being studied in some certain period. A list of Shakespearean songs is tm- mediately available to brighten the} work, give it character and stamp it} . in the memory. And there are Jacob- Wules he an Seria eae ite songs to study in the sturdy Jacob- come dows tb 'he hous Gan pi £ re ite days. And flavor of every period seat in the distinguished write che , of history is evoked to give life and _ i 7 6 color to facts and figures. National bm his normal function of inspecting | folk songs enhance the study of na- timber sales, logging operations, gen-| tional history. Music is thus inked 4 erally making logging inspection re-!| up closély with thé reguiar ainda. the throne, could only imagine what ports, noting timber trespasses, forest ' stead of being introduced as an inet. | 'Be sntatior of her own 'house of Eye protection work, fire fighting, trans-j|qgental "frili" j mons looked like when in session, for portation of men, equipment and sup- j during her long reign. of-over-sixty plies, and generally doing-the work years she never once set foot inside it. which a well-trained forest ranger |, TO appreciate the reason for this should do. In addition to the main | hard and fast rule we must go back in fleet is a headquarters boat which 1s ; : | imagination some hundreds of years, 60 ft. long, has a beam of 15 feet, is} To be divorced and married again when kings possessed far more power capaule of sleeping eight people, anq|in one day will be possible in Hlinois, than they do at present. U.S.A., if a proposed bill becomes law.: In those days it is quite understand- This is used fo- general super.| The present law ordains an interval able that the presence of the sovereign vision work by the district forester ang | of one year between divorce and mar-, might exercise a certain restraint up- headquarters officials. riage. | On the members, preventing them from ery. Queen Victoria, however, being lit- tle more than a girl when she ascend- King George's cousins, first and second, number nearly 300. Extensive Industrial Establish." ment Will Follow in the Wake of Elaborate Electrical Progress. by rapidly rubbings sticks together | enderfoot. come the ranger boats, doing seven to _ nes g' a ---- moret -- ten knots, 30 to 40 feet in length, The known available water power | "PLANT CAPACITY OF : 32.076,000 h.p. under a flow estimated ;for maximum development, that is CANADA 2,973,759 permit of a turbine installation of 41,700,000 h.p. The total installation per cent. of the recorded water-power resources. - a ae carrying an engineer who also acts as | study. The present total plant capa- | mae * . |eity of the Dominion is given by the| = ~---- | In Canada, from all sources and withia | | limitations, is 18,255.000 h.p. for con-} | dependable for at 'east six months of HORSE-POWER. ithe year. The present recorded water- to date in water-wheels and turbines throughout the Dominion is 2,973,759, Classification of Present Power. The development of Canadian water) The power installed in Canada at powers continues at such a rapid rate | . Branch as 2,973,759 horse-power. | DEVELOPMENT 4 | ditions of ordinary minimum fiow and power resources of the Dominion will or in other words represents only 7 j the present time may be classified as and the direct dependence of Canadian | ronows:--- 2,204,486 ts in general sta- industry as a whole on hydraulfe and | tions for general distribution for all hydro-electric enterprise makes pro- | purposes; 484,228 h.p. is Installed in gressive research so necessary that, pulp and paper mills, not including following its November bulletin, the | 160,577 hp. purchased by pulp and Government Water Power Branch has) paper mills from central stations; already found it to issue 255.945 hip. is installed in industries a further bulletin, ; additional information on development and mak. ing further data available for public cther than central stations and pulp and paper mills, | The sustained, and in many cases increased earning power of existing hydro-electric organizations, both _ privately and publicly owned, during _the past few years of reaction, depre- sion and deflation following the war stimulus has been reflected in the ex- cellent treatment of these concerns T am a firm belicver in an education which trains and de velops the whole man. The hand ig the man's best servant, and some modicum of manual train- ; Speaking their minds with the neces- sary freedom. So jealous are the Commons of this ;right that it is against the rules for | the King's name to be even mentioned in debate, Once and once only, within histori- cal times, has the reigning sovereign set foot within the British house of commons, and then the act cost him both his crowned his life. This was when Charles & forced his Way into the chamber and demanded the arrest of five members who had offended him, only to be informesi by the speaker that he was officially "unable to sce" the persons whom the king pointed out, : ----_----- se Her Grievance. x Johnny handed the following note from his mother to the, teacher one morning: 2 "Dere teecher: You keep teliin' my 'boy to brethe with his diafram. May- be rich children has got dlaframe, but how about when there fatho; nly makes $1.50 a day and has g five children to keep? First, it's one thing, then it's another, and now it's dia frams. That's the worst vet." To go every morning with ao % Stout heart and an elastic step, with courage and enthusiasm, to work which we ure not fitted for and were not intended to do, work against which our very ing should be inchided in the school training of every child of the present time.--J. G. Schur men. ,cn the various flnancial exchanges, and has created a most favorable im. pression on capital, and generally | established a public confidence that jy \ is proving of inestimable velue in the ae through one of the archways of the A daily treat for London's unemployed, which charms away their gloom for the moment, is the changing of the guards at St. James' Palace, where hundreds flock as if to a pageant. Palace, natures protest, justi becance it is our duty, and to keep this un, year in and year out, requires heroic qualities.--O.8.M. CHANGING THE GUARD This picturesque scene was taken