THE MIRROR Something New-- Decidedly New in Boudoir Lamps You simply will not be able to keep from buying one of our new Nov- elty Boudoir Lamps when once you have seen them, and this we invite you to do. Prices range from $1.95 and up. Pattersons Bookstore The Home of Good Stationery AN AUTHOR There is an author, I have heard, He sometimes gets ten cents a word; Some words, perhaps, are worth ten cents-- The long ones like "magniloquence." For little ones like "A" and "I," I htink. ten cents is rather high; But then, I've got ten dollars, too, For writing simply "1.0.U." Your hardest problem: Self. READ THE ADS. FURNITURESPECIALS Chesterfield Suites. Odd Pieces--Special Low Prices. SUMMER FURNITURE--We have a complete range for sun room, porch or lawn. Aerolux Ventilating Porth Shades. Down & Fleming FURNITURE--FUNERAL SERVICE 94 Ontario Street. Phones: Store, 314; Mr. Down, 308; Mr. Fleming, 311. Dining-room Suites Phone 314 Willis Cabinet Grand Piano Very handsome design in Ta a satin finish, for- merly sold for $575.00. Going to clear at-- $350.00 THIS IS A REAL BUY Heintzman & Co., Limited J. ANTHONY, Manager 131 Ontario Street. Phone 769 * FOR INFORMATION HIGH-CLASS INSURANCE INVESTMENT write PURDY-HILL & CO. 110 St. Paul St. ST. CATHARINES, ONT. Safety : > 3 CARDINAL POINTS ------- ; Income : Accessibilty -- Where Electric a Magic Is Made | Mighty Work is Done at City's Pow- er-Houses to Produce the Miracles of Light and Heat That Today Seem Commonplace (New York Times) Ever since Benjamin Franklin was thought to defy the forces of nautre by sending up his tiny~kite, electrtic- ity has come more and more into play in our industrial as well as_ social everyday lives. To the electrical en- gineer goes the credit for the con- stantly increased use of electricity as motive power--we have trains run by electricity, great belts and cranes weighing thousands of tons, and other giant mechanisms for the furthering of industry, all electrically operated. Some of the larger newspapers. are installing electrical apparatus in their sterotype departments to do the work formerly assigned to gas. Electricity has long taken the place of gas in the home. A simple ges- ture, and on goes the light. Time to make coffee? Plug in the percola- tor and in a few minutes the water is boiling. Electric stoves cook your food, heat your rooms, and electric refrigerators manufacture your ice. Yet to the average person born in the "electrical age'? an endless sup- ply of current is taken for granted. Indeed, were he to press a_ button and find no power available, he would be surprised. In the press of everyday life the average citizen does not stop to think of what lies behind the push button on the wall. A generating station he knows is necessary to produce the electricity, but how does it generate, and what happens to the electricity so produc- ed? New Edison Plant Shown. Possibly it was with the thought in mind of bringing these facts closer SPECIALS FOR THE WEEK-END Boys' and Girls' wrist watch- es Ladies' and Gents' guaran- teed wrist watches ..$3.95 10 jewel wrist watches $6.95 15 jewel wrist watches $8.75 Novelty necklaces and brace- lets, value up to $2.00 for 49c 23-piece China tea set -2.95 and up. Silverware, Cut Glass, Leath- er goods and Novelties at re- duced prices. : EXPERT WATCH REPAIRING at Lowest Prices. FOX'S 141Y% Downie Street , Out of High Rent District son Company recently invited mem- bers of the New York Electrical So- ciety and their families to make an inspection of their new genérating station at Fourteenth Street and East River. At any event. 650 strong they went to inspect the giant boilers and to watch fascinated the tale told by the mechanical control boards, those complicated indicators of the bearings. To most of them it was technically trained, it proved a view of the most up-to-date methods of producing electricity. There are five generating plants operated in New York of which the newest on eis the largest in the United States. It utilizes steam for energy to drive its huge turbines. The system of generating steam is analogous in some measure, thpigh on a2 much more immense scale. to the manner in which houses. are steam heated. By imagining a home furnace many times enlarged, and coal used in thousands of tons, a genera] idea may be obtained of the steam-making operations erating station. Coal is brought to the station on river barges, thus doing away with trucking problems, It is pulverized, nets, and it is then run across to huge storage bins above the boilers. Hach bin holds 100 tons of pulverized 'coal for each coiler. It has been | estimated that for each pound of | coal used, one kilowatt hour of elec- 'tricity is delivered on the outgoing cables, or buses." Using Pulverized Coal. The coal is forced into the boilers by means of a draft of hot air, for combustion, and a continual of gas ignites the coal as it enters. A glimpse into a boiler, through blue glasses, shows a swirling mass of flame, rather like a snow-storm, if an orange snowstorm may be imag- ined. The fact that the coal is pulver- glowing coal,s but that the entire swirl is blazing. Running across the through the red haze. The water which is pumped through these pipes, to be converted into steam, is taken water is not pure enough to produce good steam. The steam thus acquired is. forced inte a turbine engine at a pressure steam-driven turbine revolves @ shaft, which is connected with an electric generator. At present there are two turbo-generators tion in the new station, plans are under way for the insta lation of several more. Here is whe the mechanical power of the turpiie _ + (Continued on page 5) -- a familiar story, but to others, not foreign matter is removed by mag- stream - ized means that there is no bed of boiler are the water pipes seen dimly of 375 pounds per square inch. This to the public that the New York Edi- condition of the oil, temperature and 4} of a gen- from the city water supply, as river -- in opera- -- although -- THE MIRROR Where Magic Is Made (Continued from page 4) is changed into electric energy. This is done by the cutting of what are called magnetic lines of force by the rotation of many hundreds of copper wires through a magnetic field, inducing an electric current into the wires. The terms alternating current and direct current, or a.c. and d. ¢., mean that one current flows first in one direction and then' in another and one that flows along the wire in one direction. Manhattan is so wired as to need direct current. _The alter- nating current produced at the gen- erating station is sent to substations throughout the city, where it is con- verted into d.c. Electric light users in the Bronx have alternating cur- rent, so no such change is needed in their case. Automatic Station Detector. The current produced at the vari- ous generating stations is transmit- ted to the distributing station at 11,000 volts. In this form the cur- rent cannot be delivered to the con- sumer, for it is too dangerous. Hence, after bein gtransmitted to the various distributing stations, its volt- age is lowered to from 110 to 115 volts for the average home. But it is when mention is made of twenty-five-cycle and sixty-cycle cur- rent that the layman throws up his hands in despair. Yet the statement that motion pictures are operated at a rate of sixteen separate pictures a second, so as to give the eye the il- lusion of continuity, is readily un- erstandable. In electric lighting, as in motion-picture photography, it is necessary to trick the eye. Thus, a steadily burning light is in reality a succession of minute fluctuations, which operate so rapidly that the eye cannot distinguish them--sixty to the second. The current that is gener- ated at a frequency of twenty-five cycles a second is used for industrial purposes, generally speaking, while the sixty-cycle current is employed for illumination. In time of storm, when the sky darkens and lights are turned on all over the city and the demand on the power is greater, the amount of elec- tricity can be increased. To this end there is an automatic storm de- tector, with an antenna on the roof of the building. Any unusual elec- trical] disturbance in the air causes a bell to ring, and eyen the approay of the storm may be calculated from the frequency with which this bell Tings. In this way word can be sent to all the substations to pre- "pare for qa heavy load. Orders are sent to the boiler rooms to increase the steam in order to produce more current. Few Employees Needed. In the system operator's office, blocks away, there is an enormous board which registers conditions over the entire city system and is constantly watched for any signals w : - Pali + : % " ' that trouble of any sort is imminent. It is from this office that storm warnings are sent to the substations. | Such a system of alarm signals mini- mizes the otherwise great danger of working in such a plant. There is an apparent lack of emp Wyees in the generating plant. men wander around, glancing now and then at the turbines, at the boil- ers, looking at charts, otherwise the vast place seems to run itself. Above the turbine room is the con- trol room, the brains of the station, where two men are constanity on guard before a_ board, every fluctuation in every change in oil. They must never take their eyes from this beard, but remain always on the alert. This board, with its feeders and its red and green traffic lights, is the delight of technical men. The feeders, through which the electricity is sent on its |long journey to the furthest reaches of the Bronx or down to the Bat- tery, are so arranged that a break in any specific wire can be detected at once. So if some night the lights should go out suddenly in your immed- iate neighborhood while the family is at dinner, the frantic search for can- dles will scarcely be under way before the lights will go on once more. 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This may be a hint that we're not spending enough, but when you do buy paint buy the best-- I'sB.& HH JAMES K. MYERS 51 Dewnie St. Phene 162 READ THE ADS. PUBLIC STENOGRAPHER Prompt, Efficient Work Moderate¥Charges Ly. The Fletcher Johnston Press Phone 115w 123 Ontario St.