to the dresses the ing ot the size o __ KNOWN AS DRESSERS. ae 'Gowns : _ Kept on Stretchers--Care of Jewels, - There are nine maids who are in|}i special attendance on the Queen; these maids are not under the con- trol of the housekeeper as are all the other maids at Buckingham Palace, but are under the ar aroit ment of ahead waiting maid, and consists entirely in ix of the maids are known as dressers, says the Gentlewomen, and two of them aid the Queen in making her toilet. Nowadays the ladies of the household assist very little in preparation of her toilet. In Queen Victoria's reign the "Mistress of the Robes was usually in residence, and it was part of her duties to attend onthe sees in the royal dressing room, y one or two Ladies of | rg Bedchamber. Queen Alexandra, however, dis- pensed altogether with the service of the Mistress of the Robes in the royal dressing room and the duties of assisting the Queen in making her toilet was customarily perform- ed by two of her personal maids, who are known as dressers. Queen Mary practically follows the same procedure; one of the ladies of the household remains in. attendance in the personal apartments when the Queen i is in her dressing room, but she is actually assisted in her toilet only by the dressers. THE QUEEN'S DRESSES, robes and gowns are kept in a robe rdom lined with a number of big wardrobes. The head dresser has charge of the wardrobes and gives out to the assistant dressers the dresses required for use. e lady im attendance at the time 'on the Queen sends the head dresser over- night instructions as rece will re- quire for wear the ollowing day. The instructions are written on a eard on which the time when each | dress will be vequ.ied is stated; ce dress is indicated by a num- ber. All the dresses are enter- ed up in a robe book and num- bered, A duplicate copy of the robe! book is kept in the Queen's dress- | ing-room, and when the Queen-- gives the lady in attendance in- structions as to the dresses she! requires for wear the latter has! simply to write down the numbers | which are entered against them in the robe book on the instruction | ear It is part of the work of the! dresser to look after the gold, | silver and ivory ware in the royal, dressing room in the way of beautifully | mounted brushes, scent bottles gloves boxes, as well as a variety of knicknacks, graph frames and various orna- ments. The Queen usually has from forty to fifty pairs of gloves, in use, ing wear. The gloves are kept on stretch- ors and each box contains half a dozen pairs. It is part of one | dresser's work to put various Pairs of gloves which the Queen' as worn duripg the day on stretchers in the evening and put them hack into their proper boxes. The glove boxes are made o , inlaid with ivory and each Has a small crown inlaid in gold or| silver on the-cover. CARE QF THE JEWELS. Two of. her maids look after the, Queen's jewels, though the jewel cases are actually in charge of a lady in waiting, who keeps the key of them when she is in wait- ing fastened to a strong bracelet. The lady in waiting gives out the jewels which the Queen desires to wear to the maids, who place them on the Queen's dressing table in readiness for her. The jewels are replaced in their cases every night and the cases are locked by the lady in waiting who is in in charge of them. iree of the Queen's maids are known as travelling maids, two of whom, together with the»head maid, always travel with 'the Queen. One of the travelling maids is French and the other two English, and they are all g linguists. They have been in her service. for many years and have accompanied the Queen in most of the royal journeys abroad. It is the duty of the travelling maid to pack all the Queen's luggage when she travels. packing of the luggage of the lady members of the household is done housekeeper, but the Queen's luggage is packed and altogether- by the travelling mai The: Queen's trunk and travel- cases re ea of solid , on St polished almost black, and round each trunk and case are painted two dark red bands, abont| an inoh wide, the bands being from' a foot to three feet anart. accord HER NINE MAIDS|} inca ibe i on ENGLAND SEEN THROUGH AN sible for their packing. When ORIENTAL'S SPECTACLES, g lias been completed 34 ; is cocanuan to the | sale --_ 'Japanese Aémibation of Grist Betton He Tempe EX 1 * ve 3 Real Criticism, * ing her. luggage a une in connection with the royal jour- ae once inquired ef a Japa anese ney, a6 nd writer is usually] staff officer who had visited # summoned to take down THE QUEEN'S DIRECTIONS.. These are then typed out and sent to the head maid. The head maid is also always present when a new robe is fitted on the Queen. The Queen's dresses are nearly always fitted on at Buckingham alace, but when she orders a new gown as a general rule she. visits the modiste from whom it is to be ordered. The proprietor or man- ager of the firm is informed a few days beforehand of the Queen's intention to visit his establish- ment, and he must, of course, be ready to. receive her when she ar- rives. Some firms who are in the habit of receiving visits from royalty have a private' entrance for roya customers, but neither Queen ever insisted on such an arrange- Mary or Queen Alexandga has ment; but a private foom must be set apart for the reception of the Queen whenever she visits modiste's establishment to ordera gown. As soon as a new gown is delivered to Buckingham Palace particulars of it are entered up in the robe book by the Queen's head maid, and it is duly numbered. When the Queen honors, any of her friends by becoming a guest at their house the head maid and a travelling maid always a aed ner. Sometimes the royal tourage may include three of Paik of the Queen's maids, but at least two, including the head maid, in- variably travel with the Queen. In the suite of apartments set apart for the Queen there must not be less than three rooms for iced. what surprised most here. He and I knew one another well, so that he was willing to talk more freely than is often the case with his country men, says a writer in Everybody's Weekly. "The thing that surprised and said he, "was when I first saw a husband kiss his wife in public, at a railway station. In Japan emo- tion is a thing to be comnealed, not to be displayed. It is something too precious and too sacred to trail in the view of all chance passers- by. When I saw a man in front of crowds of others salute his wife in this fashion I felt a sense of sickness. The English writer on attempt- ed to show to the full the Japanese opinion of ourselves, would be very bold. It is not easy to find what the average Japanese really does think if us, and the man who BiQpOseS that he has ascertained the true Japanese mind is usually wrong. © Japanese are polite and secretive. Their politeness leads them to say kind things be- cause they think it a matter of courtesy to do. so; their secretive- ness Jeads them to conceal their in- ner thoughts, No one doubts that the sons of Nippon feel a very real admiration for our material prosperity. They pe aga that so far as money- ing, manufacturing, and mer- canitle skill are concerned, we are away ahead among the nations. Many of them, influenced by European teaching, are beginning to sympathise more and more with our ethical codes. But the aver- photo- | ' half of which are for even- | age unsophisticated Japanese who visits England for the first time, feels amused rather than over- whelmed by our mld ways. He re- gards us as morally in a very bad state, and our habits seem as whimsical to him as the customs of the people at Nikho seem strange her maids, in one of which the reyal trunks and dress cases are | stored, and these apartments must adjoin or at any rate be close to 'the Queen's personal apartments. /In houses at all f -quently honor- |ed by the presence of the Queen | nowadays there is usually tele- phonic communication between the! to an average round-the-world rooms allotted to the Queen's| tour | maids and her own room. This HOW WEST INFLUENCES EAST A year ago a large number of Japanese came over to England for the Exhibition as exhibitors, as craftsmen, or as tourists. When they returned home, enterprising journalists of their race sought to obtain their frank opinions of Great Britain. These opinions were certainly frank, but as print- ed in the papers they were very far from complimentary. The Jiji Shimpo summed up these impres- sions in a biting article: "These tourists went to the West believing that they would acquire much useful knowledge, and look- ing forward to ¢arrying home many valuable hints for their country's improvement. All this outlook has been falsified. Actual disgust has taken the place of admiration. The first and most striking feature of Western civilization is flagrant |} extfavagance and luxury of living. In this respect the tourists appear to have been almost stupefied by arrangement has existed for some time at Buckingham Palace, i though there as a matter of fact | the directions -to the maids are usually conveyed by one of | THE LADIES IN WAITING. From time to time it of course | becomes necessary to remove num- bers of the Queen' s dresses out of the royal wardrobe when she tio longer requires them for wear. This is done at regular intervals and the dresses that are put out of use are disposed of in various ; ways. Some of them are sold to adress agent and the proceeds given to various charities. The Queen's head maid conducts the Feng Other dresses are given to the head maid and some are given to the other dependents of royalty. When the royal dresses are sold 'through an agency it is always made a condition of sale that the dresses are not to be resold in this country. . what they observed. Enormous Though the : maids have; sums are' spent upon the most 'plenty of work to do, especially | ephemeral _Pleasures--upon _cos- ithe head maid, who is in constant / attendance in the personal apart- |ments, they have on the whole a rather easier time of it than the | other royal servants, and general- 'ly speaking more liberty, for they| of the orthodox Japanese. The | lare only required to be on duty state of affairs that he observed | in the personal apartments. When, seemed to suggest universal im- their presence is not required they | morality. Finally, the huge ego can pass their time very much as/ that tares one in the face in every they please and frequently are en- | page of the life of Western peoples abled to go to their own homes! struck Japanese visitors as incom- | a week or fortnight at a time. | patible with any strength of patrio- At the end of the season when! tism or any willingness to sacrifice | the court goes to Balmoral all the; oneself on the altar of country." maids except the head maid and a| 'the great difficulty of the Jap- travelling maid are allowed to gojanese in understanding England to their homes until October.| and the English is to comprehend | though of course they must hold; that in this country liberty in the | themselves in readiness to return relations between the sexes does | ta the court at: once if their ser-| not mean license. The woman of | vices should be required. The | the West is allowed a much larger Queen's hesd maid is with the ex-; | measure of freedom than her sister ception of the housekeeper the best, in the East. Even in enlightened paid of the royal maid servants. | Japan of to-day, women is still * regarded as the inferior of man. This is a thing not argued about; it CHOLERA REMEDIES. j is taken for granted. It is the wo- The Constantinople eorrespon-|™4n°s lot to submit; the man's dent of the Lancet gives the fol-' right to command. While West- lowing Turkish cholera remedies ©™ civilization has modified cus- prescribed by old-fashioned Otto-| toms very largely, it is still the | 1 practice for the wife to mans during the recent epidemic :, genera. a) Drink infusion of juniper ber-| | walk after her husband, not with 'him, and for the father to put his ries; (2) carry, with you an agate: a P stone or on your neck a stone of ™. '9 child foremost, and not his hyacinth; (3) never fail¢o have in *1® sant pocket a bone of a dead child ;| | ee. rd ~ Sacre a is (4) masticate pimpernel, and (5) ci nd viaitin ground can be re- since cholera is mostly caused by| ™ 7 * & the _moon, drink decoctions of A JAPANESE HOME. laurel fruit when the planet Mars} There--srve, again, in tne case of or Mercury is in the ascendant, as| families that are thoroughly Euro- these planes are a enemies of} pean--the wife may be seen when you first go in, she may come and how r farewells. but as a rule, while 'are being tumes, cuisine, equipages, furni- | ture, ornaments and every kind of luxury. "In the next place the relations horrified me most in England," seems monstrous. It impresses the | Japanese visitor, often a highly shocking and immoral. bef have tried to accustom him to our modes of thought. has not yet become sootinasioad $0 our ideas of love. And one of the 'unconscious influences pr European and American teachers. Apart from our odd ideas about love, the next thing that impres- ses the Japanese about us is our extravagance. e has been train- ed to live on very little. His is a very poor country, taxation is high, food is dear, money is scanty. He exists--and apparently -- thrives-- often enough on sums which a beg- gar would scorn in England. Fat, milk, and meat are to him mere superfluous luxuries. He is gradually acquiring more costly tastes, owever. e learning to become a passionate cigarette Sapte and a beer drink- er. n old Japanese. puritan a little time ago was bewailing to me the growing extravagance «of his fellow-countrymen, "Can you be- lieve it," he said, "there are many families in my own district who every day have a bottle of milk left at their houses; a bottle of milk a day for people who. have to earn all they get. If things like this go on, and are encouraged by the state, what can become of our land? These growing habits of extravagances are undermining our national character !"' ADMIRATION AND CRITICISM. The Japanese who considers milk a luxury, who lives through bitter winter weather in rooms that it is dificult to keep warm, comes to Englard, and what does he find? In place of the small brazier of charcoal in cold weather, he secs roaring fires; our shops are piled up .with articles of ostentatious luxury; the groaning boards of the average middle class family display a rich variety of food; notices the expenditure on dress, on pleasure, on mere ornament: and he is, as a'rule, not attracted but repelled by the costliness of our life. One Japanese writer recently set out to correct the views of his fellow-countrymen on this question. He explained to them that the standard of living is much higher in the West than in the East. and that for them to raise hands of hor- ror over our extravagance is as por a te) A COUNTLESS | "PROCESSION oF HAWKERS. Medicin: Men, Repairer of Bam- bow Bipes and Vender of : Sweets. Passing and_ repassing eee the streets of Tokio. are A oneal every description. Early in the morning one's slumber is disturbed by their plaintive cries, and should the window of the house look upon a thoroughfare, ere may be seen through © 8 a countless procession of eoraateg but they do not need to be seen to be recogniz- ed, for their characteristic crise echo and recho from morning until ni Take the oichini, for instance, the strolling medicine vender. Often he is 8 musician with a tuneful ac- cordion. Envious glances maybe cast at his red and white epaulet: tes, his uniform and his cap, Many. a youth, says the Japan Advertis- er, might considet it the height of ambition to be able to go about the city in just thesame manner and win smiles from all the young wo- man in the streets through which he passes. But thé oichini has all he can do to make his daily bread, and his lot is often very hard in- deed. The centre for the distribution of this medicine is at the merchant's house, which is situated on the little island off Tsukiji, Tsukijima. The applicant who wishes to be- come a travelling apothecary must pay 5 yen as e@ guarantee to be faithful to the master. The next day he is given a cap, a suit of clothes and a pair of shoes. In addition he receives medicine to the value of 7 yen, and his break- fast is supplied every morn'ng. For his other meals he must shift for himself and eat them in what- ever part of Tokio ho finds him- self WHEN HE BECOMES HUNGRY. All the venders must assemble at the master's house in the morning and be ready to start out by 8 o'clock for the 808 streets of Tokio. The oichini sings a song which has for conclusion the expression oichini, or one, two, keeping step to the music of an accordion and walking stately and slowly. When- ever the street gamins hear this song they run after the oichini, just as thé rats ran after the mad piper of Hamelin. His song is an advertisement of his medicine. It is difficult learn and often takes several days before the vender can master it. alley were to compare her state! with that of a lady living in a great mansion. When the Japanese comes to know us better, many of his first hard impressions of England are modified. Often enough he be- comes a passionate admirer of our ideals of home life, of liberty, and! of constitutional government. But! even then it may be questioned if some doubts do not lie behind. He) considers that we are over-individ- ualistic, and that the freedom of: the individual has been carried be- | yond the limits of safety imposed by the greater claims of 'the state. He will not have some of our in- stitutions at any price. The jury between the sexes shocked the mind ; | ' | | | | | practical tests system, for example, he considers | an absurdity; and some of us are! not sure that he is not right. He ;can not understand why we give) ¢ {such freedom to the agitator. It would. of course, be possible | to add to this article many beauti- ful /and sincere attributes to the English character and ways paid by the Japanese. IRELAND'S PEOPLE REJOICE. At Last Method of Using Peat Has Been Successful. For generations a process for in- i dustrially utilizing peat from the Irish bogs has been sought as a kind of philosopher's stone that would transform the distressful country into a land of prosperity. Many times it has been reported that the secret was discovered, but i have shown the methods proposed to be illusive. Now, according to the Dublin cor- respondent of the London Times, a successful attempt has been made to use peat instead of coal for in- dustrial purposes. A 900 horse- power engine was installed two months ago by Crossley Bros. in the linen factory of Hamilton Robb at Portadown, County Armagh- Mr. Robb's manager says that as a result of his experiment with this engine an outlay of $57 a week on peat produces the same enegy as was obtained by expenditure of $69.50 a week for anthracite coal. says, the further advantage of ex- tracting tar from the peat to the value of $35 a week, making the ac- tual oost:of fuel only ¢22.° It is said these calculations have been confirmed by professional experts of high standing. 'The proboscis of s flea, 4 te pele" though the house-wife living in an| If he is not a success at singing the song he will be of no account as a vender. for the secret of his popu- larity lies in his rendering of the peculiar melody. When you hear the Ra-uya, or repairer of bamboo pipes, in. the | neighborhood, it seems as though a | miniature locomotive was letting off steam, for one peculiarity of the Ra-uya's trade isa cart which | thas in it a little furnace, a steam } vent over which the pipe is placed, 'to clean it thoroughly on the inside! and also through the roof of the} cart a steam whistle. | | For the privilege of pushing his: - cart through the streets the Ra-uya| jar three yen a year as tax. I itakes a long apprenticeship to} | know all the tricks of the trade and | no cne who is not accustomed to | this kind of mending can be a suc- The number of Ra-uya is ls seni on the decrease, perhaps because there are fewer old fash- ioned people now who use this kind of pipe | A FAMILIAR CRY. In the old Yedo days the trade was'a brisk one andthe Ra-uya ran through the streets, two baskets slung at the ends of a pole across his shoulders and his cry was & most familiar one. Now he is minus the baskets and the cry, | but the cart and the steam whistle have taken their place. Then, too, so many people to-day smoke eigars and cigarettes that the Ra-uya finds his old bamboo pipes few and far between. According to stat- istics those who use the pipe have fallen off considerably and the menders have decreased one-half in the past ten years. It is a sad commentary on the passing of iomne old style people. In Tokio there are about fifteen | merchants who sell the bamboo for; the pipes, and the Chinese bamboo | is considered the best. This bual- ness cannot be carried on when it is rainy, as the repairing must be done out-of doors. he Ra-uya must be examined by the officers 'in his district twiee a year. It his cart passes the éxamination he may continue his wor He charges three sen to replace a pipestem, and he must use about ten.sen wo of charcoal a day, so that the profits accruing are often very small. This business is practically limited to old men. They take off the silver or brass bow] and mouthpiece and put in a new bamboo stem, they clean the whole by steam and polish metal until is seems ae as es Another personage among nts is the _An applicant who wishes to business: goes to the me with a person who acts as a guar- antor, and borrowing the ontfit, -- which consists of the aforesaid red boxes, is.almost ready to set forth on his travels. But he must buy. its lapels and a Chinese character i back. far for Amazake on his He must slso be fitttd ont with an iron pot for boiling the sweet liquid. His red boxes contain the hibaschi and the heavy pot, also charcoal, drawers, trays and cups. It is very hard for an old man to carry two such heavy boxes, and the Amazake-ya is often taken with . a desire to rest by t But this is against the law, and if the policeman catches sight of him he is told to move on in the polite language of Kora! Kora! ome- times he is fined from 20 sen to one yen for thus loitering on his way. Like the proverbial milkman -of Western countries who waters his- milk, it must be confessed that the - Amazake-ya has the reputation for diluting his liquid so that it is doubied and sometimes trebled in quantity, But then he only charges one sen for a cup. And the musical sound of Amai! Amai! is such a pleasant one to the ears that the Amazake-yo may he forgiven for all remissness in his business. aie. 80-KNOT DREADNOUGHT. British Lion ts Expected to Exceed This Speed, Extraordinary speed records are expected to be mad super- dreadnought cruiser Lion, now ap- proaching completion at Davenport yard. t present Germany holds the record for dreadnought speed by a fraction of a knot, C) first three British dreadnought cruisers, the Indamitable, Inflex- {ble and Invincible, broke all ex- isting records for armored ship speed, The best of the trio was the Indomitable with 28-7 knots. The Indefatigable surpassed these re- corde on her trials toward the end of last year; making 29.13 knots. In the meantime Germany had produced two fast armored cruisers, the Blucher, 24.4 knots, and Ger- many' first real dreadnought crui- ser the 19,100 ton Von der ann, 27,63 knots. Though written of in Germany as "the fastest armored ship in 'the world," the Von der Tann was really slower than the British Indomitable, Invincible and Indefatigable. ince then, how- ever, Germany jas really taken the lead with the battle cruiser Moltke, which recently on her trials made 29,5 knots. It is known that in spite of her huge displacement of 26,356 a } tons the British Lion is confidently expected to make well over 84 knots, The actual designed speed is 28 knots, but the Invincible, de- ti® elgned for 25:knots, with engines of 41,000 horse-power, made an aver- age of 28 knots, so the Lion designed for 28, with 70,000 horse-power en- gines, is expected to make between 31 and 32 knots. The Lion is 686 feet long over all. Her armament consists of elght 13.5 inch guns, hig ee in four turrets on the mid- die line, and twenty 4 inch quick firers for repelling torpedo attack, ae DISPLACING CANAL MULE. British Barge Owners sec Cheaper Freight Rates- A successful trip from London te Birmingham has been completed hy. a motor barge carrying a cargo of Sioae, It is claimed by the builders of the boat that the system of motor barges which they have in contem- plation will revolutionize canal trattiic. The motor boat which made this trip is somewhat smaller than the ordinary barge, being 71 feet long and seven feet beam. Its di- mensions will enable it w enter any canal in the United Kingdom. ae motor boat travels at the rate tnree miles per hour at a cost uf two cents per mile, while a horse barge, it is stated, only travels ab half of the speed and the expense of operating is twice ax much: It is predicted by the builders of this boat thatvin a comparatively short time meter barges will ree place herse- drawn boats on the ew nals. and that t nr instanced these motor boats will offer a satin faetery alternative to the some ~----_ what costly railaay transportation. = A flash of lightning has bees known to cure an attack of new: ritis. The great majori = mutderass are between 21 40 years: o i Of 100 univers, 44 are aa between 30