/ OStecbllaes> -._. Square feet of floor space in a: shed is >= ion } -- vice of our Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Bell, in care of The Wilson Publishing Company, Limited, To- ronto, and answers will appear In this column in the order As space is limited it is In which they are received. advisable where immediate reply is stamped and addressed envelope be question, when the answer will be mailed direct. W.K.:--What is the best thing to! grow for silage? Please give cul- tural directions. Answer:--The best thing to grow for silage by all means is good field corn, If you live in a section where Dent corn can be successfully ,grown, in all probability it will out-yield Flint variety. However, toward the centre and north of Ontario, the Flint variety matures better than the Dent. Re- member that the best quality silage is made from corn bearing ears which are pretty well mature. If corn is being grown for silage, it can be planted a little thicker than for ordin- ary field corn. It also will benefit from an additional application of ma- nure and fertilizers, x. Farmer:--I have a dairy of thirty cows and would like to raise some kind of feed that would be rich in pro- tein instead of buying so much ex- pensive feed. Would it be advisable to sow oats with peas? I have about eight acres of good black loam for the purpose. Answer:--Peas and oats, cut for hay, make a fodder comparatively rich' in protein. Henry, in his book on "Feeds and Feeding", says: "A com- bination of peas and oats, if cut early, forms a forage of high nutritive quality, much appreciated by farm stock, especially sheep and dairy cows. In the grain which this plant furnishes and the hay which it is possible to a@korm Co Conducted by Professor Henry G. Bel The object of this department is to place at the ser- farm readers the advice of an acknowledged authority on all subjects pertaining to solls and crops. ueries >, ee By G MER ichardson, wonder if the average farm-| also, were not | T often giving as much milk as dairy cows to receive a proper | Means to procure their water to drink. ply of drinking water each day. When A few weeks later, I called to al) - : one understands that milk is nearly | another farmer. 'This one kept cows: Mothers and daughters of all ages then, that cows ought to have meri, noticed that he had made some. foteer i | Changes in his tie-up. stamped and add d envelope | "Yes, I have built a place in the| Aa Siiesrtbaceadente fartark 8 ' barn with a trough, so that I can now, Woodbine Ave., Toronto. careful as to feeding ' their stock, They give balanced rations ' water my stock inside on cold winter and are sure that the tie-up is warm days," he told me. and comfortable in the winter. They! "Do you find that it pays?" I ask- keep their cows cleaned off and pro-' ed. . vide bedding for them to lie on, But, "I certainly do," he answered, "You rad let the ytd ; get we Wee | know I pore last fall! to weigh my | -- over the cooking stove, then P . t.hey can, not thinking it wo c 3) cows' milk. I found that after I got pack away in an old pillowcase in a ed Piet Ml ron Atatyeest sidering. . (Used to it, that it was not the bother | dry Place. 2. Cook the pumpkin as show oats and peas hay carries 10.3 I remember one day last winter, I' that I expected it would be. ve if for making pies, pack in sealers, percent. crude protein against field happened to call to see a farmer friend had some surprises." . |partly screw on the lids, put them cured fodder corn analyzing 4.5 per- who lived in the next town. He Wasi "Did you find that the cows needed into a wash' boiler on top of a wooden cent. crude protein s" just turning his cows out to water. different water arrangements?" | rack placed on the bottom of the boil- P ; The --_ hg i . hundred pe "I fotind along the first part of this er, nearly cover with cold water and away from the stable. It was a windy | winter, when the weather got cold and, boil for an hour, then screw the lids ---- Pkg Rang . fl day and very cold. As he let the blowy, the cows began & give less tightly and put awaycin your preserve the fruit, Aree wes '< 1s 9 can cows out one by one, he would drive. milk. I was surprised, because I cupboard. Be sure the sealers are and keeps u seit all are y Ls "On them over to the water with the help have a nice warm bgrn and try to, well sterilized by boiling before the the plum Pad there ie an insect, a|f 4 little stick which he used for a'have them comfortable. But I no-, pumpkin is put into them. You will haif an inch long, shaped ike a Sek wi When they got there, some ticed that they would not drink some | find that the pumpkin is just as good slimy as a fish, eating the leaves. What would try to drink, but the wind blow-' bad days as they ought to, and on, for pies as when freshly cooked. As4 cue t hater thea? ing on them kept them busy holding good days they. drank more. On'for the pickled cucumbers that were Answer:--You will -- their heads so as to protect them- | those days they would give more milk. ; frozen in the vinegar, I fear they are dia Horticultural Department of On- selves, and the water having ice in it, So I tried an experiment. When the now worthless. But you might try tario Agricultural College, Guelph made it impossible for them to drink | bad days came again, I carried water heating up some of them with fresh for specific informati '4 ': how ke as much as they needed, so afterjin pails to them. They drank all vinegar and spices. Let us know on : . On BB: 60 °| drinking a few swallows, they would right then. I could see by the milk' the result, please. M yt keve, four acres of muck| 72" back to the barn, cold and shiver-| scales that there was a different in} Laura:--Yon are entirely mistaken, that I ome solag te pat tall intnenlons ing. ; ,. | my favor when I watered them in out; Laura, if you think that the reports and half into cabbage. What shall 1| "Do you think that your cows drink of the cold weather. So I decided to' you see in the papers and the things une tar Yestilinec? 8 all the water they need?" I asked him. build this inside trough. d it has, you hear about food conditions in wr . ee in . "Well, I suppose they might drink a| more than paid for the expense and! Europe are at all exaggerated. Con- ok soll the n growing ortions 0" 'little more, if it was not so cold and bother." ditions are just as they are' painted " Fae the -- that is applied' windy," he answered, "but I guess! "But what is that arrangement you! shou as ie 1 to 2 per shabia| they get enough to 'get-by;' any- have there, also? "I asked. | realize this the better. Quite recent- Shouphoel id per cent. avails ©; way, cows don't need as much water! "That is another improvement. Aly the British Food Controller made P nin ? i =o ihe dt to Pi wen in the winter as they do in the sum-| dairy expert told me once, that all the' the statement that the time was at potash i - is obtainable. : ra mer." |record-breaking cows have water}/hand when compulsory rationing onion growers use UpWarUs © 1 | "That cow that is drinking," f poiuc- with the chill taken off, in the winter would be enforced in Britain. - Al- pounds of fertilizer per ile Many; ed. to a cow at the trough, "seems to time. So I tried that, too. It was ready the sugar ration is in force, In good yields are obtained where 500 to! drink quite a lot, even though it is hard work carrying it from the house;| the latest cablegram received at the 800 pounds of such fertilizer is used. | oq" 'hot water to warm the water in the offices of the Canadian Food Control- However, the largest quantity Bro- is the fussiest cow I trough. duces greatest yields. Similar ferti- exclaimed. "Now, she helped increase their milk flow, as! was 'pointed out that the supply of lizer, applied in equal quantity gives best results also on cabbage, when this crop is produced on muck soils. Mrs. E. A.:--There are two ways in which you can preserve your sur- | plus pumpkin.' 1. Cut in strips and dry thoroughly (in the same way as necessary that a enclosed with the Henry G. Bell J.N.:--When is the proper time to secure from it, the stockman located Shelter, proper feed, and good man- agement are the requisites in bringing sheep successfully through the winter season. While some shelter is nec- essary, close housing is not advisable, especiaNy with the ewes in lamb. Large, dry yards in which the sheep have plenty of room for exercise are e first requirement. Seven or eight necessary for an average-sized sheep. The fleece affords sufficient warmth in dry weather, and for this reason the main need for a shed or a sheep barn is protection from storms. On most dry nights the sheep prefer to slay out of doors, and will winter better if allowed to be there. While some of the roughage should always be fed out of doors, it is more convenient to have the feed racks in- side the barn. With breeding ewes, toward lambing time, there is danger of injury in their crowding through narrow gates. In dry weather it is a good plan to have a pasture on which they can run during the day. If the wether lambs and the cull ewes are sold early in the fall, it will be possible to use the winter feed und quarters for a larger number of breeding ewes. Sheep will usually thrive better with not more than 40 or 50 in a lot. | conhy. peculiarly subject to injury from mold- | z not permitted its application. There "By building this you have saved| was a great shortage of farinaceous much hard work and much discomfort foodstuffs. The consumption of meat x your cows?" I asked. had been restricted by high prices to "I certainly have, but--the scales | within the limits of the available and |have shown me that it has paid for | greatly depleted stocks. Butter wag \ itself. I would not have believed it very scarce and milk even more diffi- regularly. When the fall grass; J wonder what sort of a surprise he| if I had not proved it that way. But,/cult to obtain. Oils and fats were is soft it 5 ood lan' might get, if he should weigh his! after all, 'experience is the best teach-/ practically unobtainable. Isn't this to start with a little dry feed before' cows' milk; he might find that they er.'" serious enough, Laura? - Mrs. L. A. C.:--Yes, you would be the ewes are removed from the pas- ture. Hay may be used at this time, well advised to save cream as much as possible and make butter. Did although a feed of half a pound o grain a head daily can be fed more you know that the Duke and Duchess ing time im good vigorous condition,' knew she'd get over and only in medium flesh, is the prob-' jet her take her time! lem of wintering breeding ewes. This! "But does she give much milk?" can be done by giving plenty of ex.| "Well, she does pretty good 'til.win- ercise arid the right kind of feed' ter comes and then she drops off." being fussy if I 20. The good und--It goes al- most without oaving that when the eed: has favoring conditions it gives . ; : Pm farm Her realizes how. important it is, =| they might, if they could have better | Peng "4 C7?) ~ Conduttod by Mra Helen Law and the sooner the people of Canada'e are cordially invited to write to this osed, ' Address all correspondents for thie department to Mrs. Helen Law, 235 populations of France and England have not tasted flour bread for fnonths a Canadian nurse just back from France tells oF having visited the Army Bakery in the Canadian sec- tion and seeing thousands of beautiful loaves being turned out for the consumption of Jack Canuck. ~Who- ever else goes short he must not. That is why the people at home are being asked to save wheat flour, beef, bacon, sugar and other commodities. An Amateur Gardener:--It is prob- able that the sale or use of canned «vegetables will be prohibited again next fall in order to encourage the cul- tivation of back-yard gardens and va- cant lots in spring and summer. The tembargo on the sale or use of canned vegetables last year was' successful in accomplishing its main purposes, which were not only to prevent waste of perishable food but also-to save tin-plate, of which there is a shortage. The Food Controller's Office is prepar- ed to do all in its power to encourage city cultivation this year. It is hop- ed that market gardeners will sow part of their land in bread grains. Miss Kitchenette:--Here are some war time tips for you, Miss Kitchen- tte:-- Dried potatoe parings make good fire lighters. Suet pudding is an excellent dessert _for cold weather. Ox tails make good stews at small cost. Next to dirt the greatest sin in the kitchen is disorder. Sour cream is a valuable food which can be used in many ways. Never buy large quantities of spices at a time--they spoil. : Muffins made from left-over boiled rice are delicious. Brown bread and baked beans make a good sandwich. Delicious muffins as well as griddle cakes can be made with bread crumbs, dried and run through a meat chopper. . E, A.:---Whatever you do, take good care of every scrap of fat. It is becoming more precious every day for there is a great shortage in Europe. In Germany no food is fried but every- thing is boiled and stewed in order that there may be no waste of fat. Grease from the kitchen sink is care- SeeKl. ae | = --+} ons pw 4 soups und produces according to its: capability. It is not intended to teach that all per- sons must inevitably fall under one of these four classes. The point of the parable is that, the seed, in order to the best result, must have the right Rape or rye, sown with small grain or drilled in the corn, is excellent for fall feed, and is also useful in the spring. This is an ecopomical feed, and is helpful in keeping the sheep in use of cream at Rideau Hall for the riod of the war? A Soldier's Wife:--You may rest 'assured that the men in khaki are be- ing well fed. . Although the civilian ~ INTERNATIONAL LESSON FEBRUARY 17. w'.ich is edible fat, has become a luxury of the wealthy. Candies, an- other fat product, have disappeared. France and England also lack fats, al- though in a lesser degree. good condition. With plenty of rough-; of way in theflife of a man. The age, such gs red clover or alfalfa hay, | . good ground is not only a well-pre-| , -- sheep can be carried until nearly, Lesson VII.--Jesus Teaching by Para- pared soil, but a soil steadily cultivat-| | 5 ed and cleared of all noxious elemerits. When these are the conditions the life is fruitful. sping with little grain. Corn silage | bles: Four Kinds of Ground-- can be used to furnish succulence,' Mark 4. 1-20. Golden Text, though some losses and a great/deal - aig Luke 8. 18. of trouble have resulted from sapeo-| Vers i. Aue tx the emmallen : . € s mn n g 5 ~ per feeding of silage. Sheep are The picture is clear--the vast multi- tude on the beach, crowding down to! = # the water's edge, the Master in the, living fishing boat, which is pushed out a'form a patriotic little from the shore. . their own meats. 3. The sower--On the hills about; Any-eof the brine or dry mixtures!a boarding school, to a lovely sunny the lake in plain view were the fields, which good results in curing pork) place in the far South. Their home lf) t ¢ [-\ SOLVES The Sea Fairy. Madeleine had gone for the winter with her father and mother, after they had put her older sister, Lillian, into a i ae Cure Beef At Home. Farmers can not only reduce their expenses, but they can per- service by curing ly feed. Poorly kept silage is there-! fore to be avoided. An excellent ration for ewes with' lambs at their side is oats and bran. The flock should have access to water were now coming in with unusual force; beating and lashing against the rocks, Suddenly Madeleine grasped her sis- ter's hand. "O Lillian,' she cried, "that last great wave has carried her away!" Nor could Lillian find any more sign of a white shell with its bunch of | seaweed. Looking down, she saw that there were tears in Madeleine's "They have been playmates so long," she said to herself; and then, aloud, "I'm so sorry, Madeleine dear!" and salt all the time. In feeding rams during the winter season the ob- ject is to feed them as cheaply as pos- sible, but at the same time to keep them in a thrifty condition. ai hg a cnet sina a can be used satisfactorily for beef, but! was right on the sea, where there were the swer the path through the fields, Since beef is leaner than pork, it;many rocks and much sand. High the birds, the stony fields, the good should not be allowed to remain in the; among the rocks, near the very top, ground. brine or mixture quite so long or it! where it was tego slippery for her to 4. The way side--The beaten foot, Will become hard and salty. climb, Madeleine's sharp eyes had dis- | covered a fairy. C Pout ® | "To secure winter eggs it is neces-! sary to breed from winter layers," says an expert. "These breeding hens should be selected now. Just which ones to choosavis, of cour@, the thing that stumps the man who has never given much attention to poultry. If a poultryman or farmer can find five vr six hens in his flocks that have laid; an average of thirty eggs each during} November, December and January-- that is, ten eggs a month--these can be bred and a small flock of good pro- ducers raised for next year, if the eggs are hatched early. "Early March is the best time to hatch puliets for winter laying. Of path, falling on which and having-no, Dried beef should have the same lodgment in the crevices of the earth, | cure as corned beef, but it should not Thére were no other little girls liv- the seed fell an easy prey to the birds.| be allowed to become too salty. It 'ing near, and so Madeleine would often properly, this moult will not be a com-| o. tocky ground--Not ground} should then be washed to 'remove the; go out by herself, with bucket and plete one, and will be confined to the | mixed with stones, for in those resi excess of the cure, and smoked if the! ghovel, to dig in the sand. She would fields to-day one sees much loose stone. smoked flavor is desired. A very! always first look up and smile.at the head and neck. It has been pfeil yet the grain flourishes. This is, mesiT' . ; 4 rience that the early hatched chicks-- rather, thin soil on the surface, 'with good country practice is to dry-cure)ittle new-found friend, as she con- up to April 15--are the ones that grow | a bed of rock beneath. The grain| the beef with salt and brown sugar,: sidered her--although never would the most rapidly, mature soonest and lay! could have no deep root and no ade-| using about a fifth as much sugar as! tiny thing accept the inyitation to best during the winter. quate moisture. | salt, rubbing the meat very thorough-! come down to play. "But then," "A palatable mash which should' 7. Among thorns--Which absorb | ly with the cure every two or aren: Madeleine would say to herself, "you produce winter eggs in a well-bred| the nourishment of the soil and thus, days for about two weeks. It should! could hardly except that of a fairy." flock of fowls kept in light, roomy and| prevent the growth of the grain. | then be washed, wiped, and hung up; Madeleine wrote a letter every week sanitary quarters, can be made as fol-| 8. Thirty, sixty, and a hundred fold to dry in a warm place or transferred ' or so to Lillian; or rather, being such ows: One hundred pounds of bran,|--The soil on the plain of Gennesaret, to the smoke house and given a light! g very little girl, she told her mgther 100 pounds of gluten meal, 100 pounds ete - Fe sig bigeee -- int smoke. ot what to say, And always there was of meat scrap, 150 pounds of crushed avy The sower--Praaely chmies | _ Corned beef is at its very hest wae some word about the sea fairy. oats and 150 pounds of corn meal. himself, then his apostles, who go!' has been in the cure about ten days. | Mother never could see the fairy; wo ounces of this mash, with one and | forth in his name. Broadly speaking,| If kept in the cure more than a month,' 1.4 then, the glare always hurt moth- one-half ounces of cracked gern, andj all teachers of spiritual truth. 'he|it needs considerable freshening be-) 21, eyes so much that she had to wear one-half ounce of whole oats should be} word--The divine message brought to fore cooking. If thy" sd color of thei) own glasses; and father only laugh- fed to each hen daily. men by the Historically, beef is to be preserved, use a sma lh od when she talked of the fairy. ut ly-laying pullets moulting in October | and November, but if the birds are fed | course, much has been said about ear- Glues, Pastes, and Patches-- | When we fit a patch for the inner' casing, for our boot or shoe, be it: leather, fabric, or rubber, we get it to stick better for service if we make a, feather edge about its rim. This is hard to do with a dull knife, | and the usual method is to lay the, patch on a piece of soft board, when} our knife soon gets dull as we chip the | edge away. Our method for thinning, down te a feather edge is-to whet our knife sharp on a fine-gritted whet-/} stone, then lay our patch flat upon} this same stone, and as we work and! our knife slips out from the edge of, the paich as it is pared off, it becomes! sharper instead of blunt, and the @t»- : ning-down is done the easier. Be! sure you have rubber cement for rub-| ber patching, leather cement for! leather work, and rock cement for! china. | Aiways leave rubber cement cure in the air just a little longer than your | directions and you will have less tiny | air bubbles beneath the patch, ' eae pe reg alain amount of saltpeter, not more than ;,, Lillian, from hearing of her so A Child. A little child--a smile, a song from God, Wakening echoes from far ages past That, still endure through all the Peopled with shades who once this sad| © h . earth trod; A child to love, to lift us from the c ; To curb our faults, our virtues to expand To open .wide the clutching miser nd, To show, us where fair flowers of Duty nod, To bid us run, and sing--forget to plod: Ac little child with trusting eyes and 1 clear Seeking for Truth, and holding without fear The balance fair 'twixt Righteousness and Fraud: A little child in loving kindness given, To lift me, childlike, to my home in heaven! --Nina Moore Jamieson. --_ spiritually obtuse who indeed hear into whose inner life the truth does not | enter. e truth removed from the mind by evil influences, re- presented by the arch enemy of the | truth 16, 17. Rocky places. . . no root! in themselves--A superficial reception | of the truth and a quick lodgment of | it, with a quick germination, but not: sufficiently deep to give stability. No! depth f soil, consequently easily | scorched and easily washed away. Sun! and rain, which nourish the seed in} deep soil, only destroy it on rocky, places. Tribulation or persecution-- A superficial religion is easily dis-! couraged and destroyed. Affliction) and persecution cannot kill a deeply) rooted faith. j 18, 19. Among thorns P carehy, riches, lusts--Other things go deep the | but | into the life, absorbing time, attention, strips and interest, and overshadoy ters moral and religious. Bi brings nothing to perfection for lack of nourishment, room, and attention. Choke the word--Inevitably, for the material and worldly life crowds out the higher life. oy by rolling it tightly when not in use t that moment Lillian's eyes ; caught sight of a pearly looking ob- , ject on the crest of an incoming wave. | As the wave receded, it lat ite burden 'on the beach, and Lillias ran quickly forward, pulling Madeleine along by the hand. "Look, Madeleine, look!" she cried. "If your fairy has gone out to sea, she seems f> have sent you a present to remember her by." And Lillian rand down to the wa- ter's edge and, before another wave shell. With a smile, she handed it to her little sister--who at once forgot all her grief in the joy of being thus remembered by the dear sea fairy her- self. - _--- OO -- The Persevering Knitter. There is a maid in our town And she is wondrous bright, 'She's knitted socks and sweators From morning until night. And when she'd knit the Red Cross | wool, | As sure as I'm ali¢e, two ounces to each hundred pounds of | (ron the fairy, with her lovely pale; She went and sheared her father's the meat. This improves the color of the meat but is detrimental in that it tends to harden the lean fibres. " Qe A Dustless Mop. Make it yourself. Start with an old broom. 'ut the straw off just below the wires which hold it to the handle. Cover this with an old stock- ing and sew on to this covering the legs of other. old stockings cut about twelve inches long and slit into one- inch strips up to two inches of one end. Sew these around and around the surface in rows about one inch apart until the mop is of the desired thickness. Then dip the mop into a solution' 6f one-half cupful of melted paraffin and one cupful of kerosene and allow the liquid to dry on the i The mop may be kept moist and covering it with a paper bag. ----_--_-- >--__--_~ Popcorn mixed with molasses into alls is a simple, wholesome confec- jon. . 4about it, up there, Sesto eS a neorE esas Os Grey en dias 'face and her long, sea-green -hair, be- came an important personage. So when the holidays came, and Lil- lian joined her family in the South, one of the first things that she wanted was to see the fairy. seems to come out in the afterncon-- or if she does I cau never find her." So, although a high wind was blow- ing, the big girl and the little girl went together very early the next morning to the rocks. Madeline point- ed to the top of one cf them and ex- claimed, "There she is, Lillian! You wind. Lillian looked and looked; and then she said, "All I can see, Madeleine, is a pale shell with seaweed blowing just above that shiny piece of pinkish rock." "No, no," insisted Madeleine. "It is the sea fairy in her. pink dress." With the high wind, the waves ¢ can see her green hair waving in the sheep, He kept just four or five. She washed the wool and carded it, | The persevering elf, ' Ongreat grandmother's spinning whee' he spun the yarn herself. 'She steeped the hulls of butternuts. "We must wait until to-morrow . morning, Lillian," siad Madeleine, | Pe anton dag - tan, "when the sun is bright. She never ; er sweater. | For another soldier man. | leicumamerta: aerate A Song Wor Twilight. 'In all the folds of heaven the | Are still as huddled sheep, ' The tired birds, their songs a! In tree tops are asleep. said, A slow wind walks the quiet world With little steps and fight. And singe a drowsy luiaby-- Good night, good night, goud night! AL u Vy I "'Shur-Gain Ferti izer could come in, picked up a beautiful -