rae it just as young men did o holiday for the poor, man.| xine with 2 no sa. g00 sere sin. Bo- the in- "into ARTER-THE-WAR ACTIVITY IN THE AIR. Beneath These Light Imaginings There Lurk Hints of Possibilities Far From Fantastic. When peace begins, the aeroplane will at once show us what it can do, says W. McCartney in Jondon An- sewers. It has done wonderful things in war. That, at least, is our first thought. But though war has spread a fever of invention among the men who think in air, and though, consequently, we have faster aeroplanes, safer aero- planes, and thousands more aero- planes than we should have had with- out the goad of war, yet war has nar- rowed the activities of the aeroplane so severely that only the specialists could be expected to forecast what will happen when it is discharged from the armies and set free for the life, in- stead of the death, of man, A Week-End Jaunt. For example: on the day after the war, so to speak, a London newspaper might--probably will--send a corre- spondent by aeroplane to write of thanksgiving at the Holy City; and he might call at Rome on the way back and spend an hour or two in Paris, and hi, 'raph news from both; and arrive is Hampstead home refreshed by iis short week-end holiday Or, we will say that a Rivington: firm wants to be first to push the sale of pocket flash-lamps in Bagdad. Its traveller will jump off by aeroplane, and when he lands in that romantic city he will be able to-present the ex- ecutors of Haroun-el-Raschid, if any survive, with a copy of the "Arabian Nights" bought in Corporation Street the day before. When you talk of flying, it is difi- cult to be serious without being thought frivolous. I remember when Mr. Grahame- -White was preparing for his London-Manchester flight, and I had to hire a fast motor car to fol- 'low him, one of the most imaginative men in the motor business picked me out a roa' acer, but said: "You won't need to { it more than three miles |2 out of London. That's further than the acroplane will go." Looking Ahead. To-day some of us are so deeply in- terested in wondering whether the next aeroplane will drop a bomb on our hats that we are possibly as scep- tical about the future of flying as was But let _every reader put on paper to-day a prophecy of what flying will be in 1928--when the war ought to be over ---and if he locks up that propheey, to read it ten years hence, he will, no matter what the altitude of his imag- ination, blush for shame at his fail- ure. Any fool--I include myself--can see that the City of London mail of four p.m. will be delivered in Paris offices the same night. A man told me the other day, between his two lunch sand- wiches, of another man who had bought land in a certain place by the East Coast, to be held as an aero- drome for the aeroplane service he- tween the North of England and Pet- rograd; and, later. for the New York- Petrograd mail. Ten years ago I should have said that the most intelligent thing he could do with the land would be build a lunatic Gsaglum on it and live in it. s The Question of Fares. To tell the truth, I'-have not much to tr air as the naturally avelling ert Toco- newspa) Press and the gel a be quickest to adopt the aeroplane as part of their daily systems. gard a_ transcontinental journey as unemotionally as they new do a taxicab ride to a station. Let us each write down his ae of *' 'Flying in 1928," and in 1928 the facts will be so far in front of the forecast that one will have to say: "What an unimaginative idiot I was in 1918!" A NOTED AVIATOR. Major Libby Heads Honor Roll in Royal Flying Corps. An American by birth, Major Fred- evick Libby heads the honor list in the British Royal Flying Corps, becoming thereby the hero of England and Can- ada, the province from which he en- listed. Like many other famous avia- tors, he worked his way into aviation by circuitous routes. e was a me- chanic in the English ordnance de- partment when he stole into the ob- server's seat in an airplane for a trial. Within his first month of the trial pe- riod he brought down a German plane and soon thereafter obtained his com- TWO MORE YEARS "KNOWS. . per Collapse of German Power Unkkely, Says Lieut. Naismith of Canadian Artillery Corps. The first fissure in the German plan cine the defeat at the Marne. After ae - "cal f oe gliotonigg = a : Sscoe ees a effixed. wer [Bhat the new generation wil PREDICTED BY A MAN WHO! ;,th obtaining" whether The Aeroplanes. We are the Eyes of the Army; +W a new ¥ "put | WORLD'S FREEDOM. Had Population of Nearly 200,000,000 With Possibility of 25,000,000 Men For the Field. One of a group of business men, which included a judge, recently said: to Warding off Lurking Death! the Midni, eare ght Terror; We are the Flash of Light Leading our hosts to battle-- The Spirit of the Fight! We are as bold as eagles-- Fleet as the raven's wing; {| Over both friend and foeman Our daring motors sing. come used to it, says Lieut. Naismith, | M.C. German theory suffered a dis- astrous upset at Ypres, where raw Canadian troops outfought their vet- emn soldiers, despite poison gas and every other gevice that years of mili- taristic planning had prepared. An- other prop in the theory collapsed at Lens, where we repulsed fourteen at- tacks in one day, with a loss to the Germans of 70,000 or 80,000 men. Still More War. Now they have settled down dogged- ly enough to last it out if they can. Two more years of war may be ex- pected with a*reasonable degree of! pe certainty. Unless the negotiations with Russia fail utterly Germany will; have in a very short time a serene army on the western front than has maintained there any time hither- to. That means the urgent necessity | of more fighting men to meet them This augmenting of her man power mission as a second lieutenant. In the next ten weeks he tumbled ten Huns | out of the sky and was given the Mili-'! tary Cross at Buckingham Patace by! King George himeelf result of his killing the famous "Red! Hun," who was victim. This "Red Hun" was a omous assailant during the early, morning hours before dawn. Swoop-' ing low in his racing plane, he would play his machine gun among sleeping ; soldiers, over hospitals, and through barracks, causing great commotion. No allied airmen could catch him, so fast was his sinister scarlet plane. | Major Libby went aloft every morning for two weeks and awaited his com-/ ing. One day at dawn his patiense|t was rewacded, and, diving a a| the ven ire. NOTA BLE TOASTS OF BRITAIN. Robert Burns, Sir Francis Drake, and Queen Elizabeth Honored. , military and naval officers' mess, prob- ably .the most teasted- man in the world is Robert Burns, the poet. There are Burns Clubs in every noo and corner of the earth, and Scots keep them up even on the battlefield, |, and whenever they foregather "the! immortal memory" is toasted. One of the quaintest toasts is the | one and only of the Two Pins Club. The name of the club, which is an equestrian one, is derived from Turpin | and Gilpin, and the only toast permit- ted is "To Turpin's daring and_ pin's respectability." | The Mayor and Corporation of Ply-; mouth drink to the memory of Sir | Francis Drake every year, not be-| cause he beat the Armada and was! the first Englishman to sail around |® the globe, but because he first brought | water to the old borough. This is ie ancient and solemn toast: "May descendants of him who brought wa-| ter never want wine." A rather am-| biguous toast, truly. It might do for, teetotallers! ;m In the famouz old hall of Gray' s Inn | on the most hotly contested battle | front is about the only advantage that | the Huns will boast henceforth, They are permanently eclipsed by allied ar- He is now flight commander as the, tillery superiority. And it is artillery | ments of the British fieet? The ter- that is fighting the present war. The' his twenty-second | big gun and the bayonet are the two, ,held inviolate from enemy invasion, .| agencies that deplete enemy man pow- | lines of communication between all the er. I have seen men who have been | two years in the trénches without fir- ing their rifles. British Barrage Superior. When an attack is being. repulsed the machine guns are exceedingly ef- fective. But the true "small arm"-- 'the infantry rifle--has been of less use {in this war than in any other ee in the last two centuries. company seven or eight "snipers" till use the rifle, but most of the men bat-! The three years of fighting makes the light artillery--that is, the type represent- ed by the famous French "75's"--of porseorant importance. Barrage fire to be effective must be heavy and sus-} barrage is not compar able to ours for effectiveness for, "the reason that Germany has neither suf- oT guns nor shells. The barrage self, as a distinct development of the present war, has attained a re- markable efficiency. It can cover al- most any kind of a situation. Bar-; rages requiring the isolation of 'squares, triangles and depressed arcs have all been effectively utilized. The maintenance of a barrage fire | i Gil- jrequires speed and accuracy on the | eathered Tribes Ar Are More Warlike | part of the gun crews. In the calcu-} lations one cighteen-pounder to twen- ty-five yards is the basic unit. This | {gun will fire four rounds per minute | jon an average. Sometimes it acceler-! ates this pace somewhat. The effect' 'of a good barrage fire is to inclose a {certain area more securely from inter-! i ference by enemy reinforcements than 'if it were hemmed in by a wall of! Harveyized steel. British superiority in this depart-, ment has-been particularly galling to captured German officers who have' faith in the Transatlantic aeroplane | seen the earlier days of the war, when only one toast is proposed. It is, "The We are the Vigil-keepers, "It seems wonderful that Germany, 'dete i at hand we/ Tireless our eyes and true; with a ion of but 68,000,- shall net have to resort to any chim-} We are the Wild Destroyers" 600, should be able to fight the rest erical hope that the fatherland will} Dropping from out the bluc! of the world as she has done." All | Spanning the pathless heavens, agreed that it was wonderful. Had obligingly explode from within! itt S eS BRITISH BEA POWER. Great pies eos ata of British Navy n the Present Struggle. Following infinite trails; Clouds are our Lone Companions, Our playthings, driving hails! they studied the matter with care, the situation would not have looked won- derful, but menacing. When Berlin directed Austria-Hun- Continents are our Playgrounds, begin operations, July 28, gary to So es migtnderstanding of naval oe pd rahe drifting maze 1914, it had not 68,000,000, but at least duties exists and so much inexcusable i nave ifting ' 146,500,000 population behind it. The fields lowest official estimate of the Teutonic adverse criticism is made upon the ap-| Ww. sre the Fleet rcineenell 'Aitemes te an idiows: parent, lack of initiative and offensive | y the British navy that it may be Of the cannon's crushing blow-- Germany ............ 68,000,000 The Tongues of Flame we loosen A well to reproduce the statement of the = Mvmnah: Coe done below! ugtria-Hungary 52,000,000 President of the British Naval Speal 8 gu Bulgaria . ........... 6,500, Hovering high and lonely, Turke gue at ing of the year. - rey . 22... ee eae 21,000,000 th bility of pos ape and white and free, Recognizing the impossibility of pos-| Ww. sre the Empire's Fearless Soul, 146,500,000 hen the Potsdam conference was held in July, oor for deciding on the date of opening of hostilities, Turkey and Bulgaria were as much a part of the Pan-Germanic Empire as they are to-day. They entered the war onuenatiy on the days assigned and ordered by Berlin. Enslavement of Nations. Thanks to years of preparation thea 'first rush of the German military ma- chine carried it far into enemy terri- tory. Enemy populations were promptly enslaved. Little nations were overrun, and their people driven into the slave gangs and put to work. sessing accurate knowledge of the con- iditions affecting naval warfare--out- side of those immediately responsible ©/ for the direction of naval policy--the head of the league, the Duke of Buc- icleuch, declares that ill-informed com- ment should be earnestly deprecated. t may be asserted," he adds, "that | vite the exception of a negligible min- lority the public opinion of the whole empire iswolidly behind the fleet." What have been the accomplish-' |. Guarding the land and sea . --Bert Huffman. ----_9@--_ THE ONLY PLACE, Where a Man Can Be At Peace With His Conscience. This letter from a Methodist mini- ster's son appears in the Methodist Magazine, says a London weekly. He was in Australia when war broke out. !At first his duty was not clear. He wrete from, "Adelaide, December 2, 1914. "It makes me feel ill when I read of so many of our men being smashed ; rt|UP- fone were only doing something, | Here is a sample of the means taken to port ba con guocteds Esper cen should feel a lot better. I feel I have|to secure labor. It is taken from an ,000,000 horses, 26,000,000 tons of|"° right to be going along so quietly | Austro-German proclamation in Italy | evinitinns and war supplies and 53,-| | when so many fellows are giving their | but a few weeks ago: , 000,000 tons of vil have been conveyed | 'all, but it is not at all clear to me "Every citizen must obey our labor land landed for the allied armies, and what I ought to do. If I could clearly regulation; all workmen and children | the ocean carriage of 140,000,000 tons see my duty I would willingly do it."| over fifteen years of age must work of food has been guarded by the fleet. It was not long before he saw that|in the fields every day, Sunday in- These are great achievements and rathonad He pakia on. og ap ala ahaded, en _ cheep in the morning unti o'clock in the evening | Proof positive of the enormous and | irailway au.a/elell enginane, iud.at bis g- own expense came to England, and /in the work and watched by Germans. [S~em the -- Training Rc | After the harvest they will be impris- | Having secu is commission he oned for six months and every third eae ve ly = -- went to France, and is now a captain | day be given nothing but bread and occasion only has the German High in the R.E.'s. His conscience was at) water. Lazy women will be obliged to Seas Fleet dared to challenge a sea|test He felt he had chosen the right | work and after the harvest will 're- action. As the immediate result, even | ¥®¥ ceive six months' imprisonment, Lazy ritory of the British Empire has been) | theatres of war have been maintained, and protection for the transport of | sides all @ zene any serious losses, and retire skulk- tingly behind the protection of its shore guns and mine fields. Finally, ; the conquest of German colonies the | World around was the direct applica one tion of sea power to military oper tions. Here, indeed, is a el et record of achievements, even though | |broadly sketched and freed of illu- ire minating details. ; country is of such sons! "1917, France, lashes daily." Pan-German Menace. Without counting Armenians and ' | Syrians, over 43,000,000 people have The latest message has a noble in- , been enslaved and made to work for | tensity of conviction and gives a true | the conquerors beyond the limits of picture of the inward thoughts of a:human endurance. Thus untold thou- presentative man. How proud our! sands of men were reijeased from in- J dosey for military service. Many e peace "with his conscience; and how- ever much ond longs to stay in Eng- land, one derives great satisfaction from | the feeling that a duty is being 7 slaved men are even being Feesl BIRDS ARE BORN FIGHTERS. "I have seen again to-day the price|into the ranks. From the first, Ger- i being paid by men who had the proud- | many's man power has been not 68,- est, reddest blood in the world in their | 000,000 but close to 200,000,000, with } Than is Generally Supposed. ! veins--row upon row ahd line after | a possibility of 25,000,000 men for tho | Binds generally speck ing, are much 'Tine of the little wooden crosses--a lit- | field , en eta pe it of le sup- tle body of nurses and doctors walked | "Pa Germany, at which we once Shore 'WERK t 'hs "tes a a e ' ed with me and a brother officer. It was | smiled, "has been unmasked by the war pose. vs the feathere ribes| . beautiful night. The sisters in blue|as a hideous reality. Une completed, het -- ghters. d tie chick a the rest of us in khaki. We stop-| yet its strength is sufficient to shake Rew ao * a. at 4 "he sie a neo en, | | ped and looked at the crosses as one of | the world to its foundations. Close Th ome et 4 ter will fight 1. |the nurses said, 'How sublime, how our eyes a little longer and it will do- e yar '4 ith * , g pathette, and yet how Siang an simi. minate the world with a rod of iron. most to the death for supremacy over on' en sleeping n-| |any rival that contests his authority. | Cock fighting is even to this day a tet in in knowledge that they ha Thad | 'popular sport in many os , e common pigeon, though er than to be in the ; Suspense Preceding ( Going Over the 'with a gentle disposition, is highly} Top is Nerve-Racking. THE MOST TRYING MOMENT. edited | ther it were my fate |softest job, and the possessor of the 'lar est amount of war profits in moet /PAN-GERMAN-- MENACE TO THE "Lazy*workmen will be accompanied liner even now. But when I recall what Bleriot did, what the gallant Lathem just missed doing, in crossing the Channel, and how there were peo- ple who said the "Daily Mail" ought i- to be asked why it encouraged su cide, because no such trip was pos- sible, I think that in 1928, after all, it may be easy to see New York dur- | ing a week's leave. The fares, of course, would be heavy at first. But the European "~ American Governments will have subsidize the flying liners liberally a the beginning, and probably they will, in the end, maintain cheap State pas- senger services, to supplement the freight-carrying aeroplane lines run by private commercial firms. A few years ago I prevailed upon myself to spoil a short holiday by "rushing through certain places in i France, Belgium, Holland, Germany, _the Austrian border, and Switzerland =ra.most ludicrous and _ enervatin; "Performance, jn-which the cost of fa eh pe one_seemed to be about a mil- < 'potthds sterling, or moré. But n be e acroplane holiday is with us, ree es8 Mah might easily turn up he office after three weeks and t oftragiively about what he had fe at Ge penbecen, the Orkneys, | arsel les, Cairo, Naples, Bordeaux, Ives, Galway, Newfoundland, Chi- | hark Panama, and--where he had a 'Fefreshing hot bath at the aerodrome | hotel after the August heat of the omeward Atlantic trip--Croydon. 'Nothing is Impossible, Is it not obvious that as soon as the war is over the tourist companies will | Tun us round the coast in aeroplanes | retty much as they did through the ighlands or Devonshire in coaches? The air circular-trip will be, to be- a" glorious and pious and immortal me-; mory of Queen Elizabeth." Seeing rs of Gray's, there is no wonder that Elizabeth treated the Inn very well; and showed its members much favor. | VERSATILE CLOCKS. j | Marvels of invention. Are Some of the | World's Timepieces. °| ost people are well content with a clock that tells them the correct time, ' although occasionally an old grand-! father's clock will also tell the phases of the moon; but Paris possesses a | clock which not only tells the time so well that it does not vary more than! the hundredth part of a second a year, | but also marks the year, month, and day of the week. The pendulum forms | a barometer of singular accuracy, and, it indicates the time in twelve of the, chief cities of the world, each city | having its own dial. In the year 1880 a clock was brought | " a shed at Hampton Court Pal- ich had been lying there as so muh lumber for fifty i and the authoritles, for once, did the right thing, and set the clock going again and put it where visitors could see it. It tells the hour, the month, the day 'of the month, the position of the sun, 'the number of days since the begin- ning of the year, the phases of the moon and its age, the hour at which it |crogses the meridian, and the time of thigh water at London Bridge. Clocks have been made within re- ,cent years which almost solve the | problem of perpetual motion. A man jin the Midlands owns a clock which has already gone fifteen years without winding up, and he claims it will run for fifty. * that Bacon and Burleigh were bench- ; 4 German military held the palm. They | are good artillery fighters, as a_ rule. And the rank and file of the boches | stand up to it well. Probably they find their natural stolidity a real asset un- ie the nerve-racking ordeal of a sus- ained bombardment. It is not probable that there will be any sudden dramatic crash of German power. The line will not be miracu- | lously penetrated all at once, as some 'alleged military experts have profess- , 'ed to believe. Neither is it likely that we can rid Flanders of the invader in any other way than by battering him back to the Rhine step by step. Win Only by Fighting. Cavalry units are ready for the big i Peete season, so as to be useful for | push if such a flaw in the Teuton lines | actually develops. But the invaded soil in all likelihood will be won back by a process of attrition which wrests |" the ground from the enemy mile by mile. These conclusions take no ac- |count of the unexpected in German in- | @lmost as sharp as a needle. 'doubtless be driven clear through a ternal politics, but the element of the unexpected is a frail factor in a mili- tary campaign. We can win only by beating the Germans. Internal difficulties 1 hardly hamper the kaiser seriously enough to embarass him in the conduct of the war. German ingenuity has spent. itself in petty and malicious expedients, such as poisoning wells and setting trap bombs. Since the beginning of the war they have found that most of the world's inventive genius was without and not within their borders. Noth- ing as effective as the British tank has yet been devised by the Huns. They have four kinds of gas, two causing tears or temporary blindness and two calculated to cause i SaeEeeny asphyxi- ation. ! combative. In fact, few birds are ies! !quarrelsome, more given to pic 'upon their weaker neighbors, The, swan is a desperate duelist, and can deliver tremendous blows with io "wings Many birds are skillful boxers-- } { land. --___----_--__. HUN DEATH-TR APS. Cunning Devices to to Catch the Unwary Soldier. Frequently one encounters the ques- tion: "What phase of actual fighting makes the greatest exactions upon | one's coolness?" I jieve popular (opinion accepts@actually "going the top" as the zenith of war tima endeavor, says a Canadian lieutenant. over ~ 'their wings, as one should understand, | 'being modified arms. Thus the pigeon 'guards with one wing and strikes with' '| Not the least among the tricks of As a matter of fact--and any soldier the trade now being taught newly re-| will attest this--the suspense preced- cruited soldiers by the French and/ing the actual going is the more 'the other. 'English is that of avoiding death | nerve-recking. Dr. Frederic A. Lucas says tht trang in captured trenches, which have| There is nothing spontaneous abdut there are geese in Africa that have |)... proven by experience to be so | Preparations for a bayonet charge. pinions peculiarly armed, one of the | aisastrous to the occupiers. ! The ey are rehearsed behind the lines, wrist" bones being capped with ja' 7, fact, there is more real danger, carefully arranged as to time. and (sharp spur. Plovers are remarkab men in advancing to occupy aban-| made known to the company hours 'for the spurs on their wing: Ssevhich in' goned trenches, dugouts and cellars | 'beforehand. Almost invariably they |some species increase in size at the than there is on the actual battlefield. } occur just before dawn. Thoxe lagt | For instance, a device of which the! 'few minutes before going over are fightin Germans are fond is to arrange one | the most trying experience a man may "The most formidable of spur- | j lof the higher steps leading down to a: have at the front. birds are the South Ameri dugout so that when an allied soldier,| Casualties during the cha: arge itself screamers." They have two spurs, going down to explore the inter! ior, | are not heavy. I believe our actual on each wing, one short, the other an ugly, three-sided, stiletto-like blade, It could steps upon it a stop-cock is released, | losses for one regiment going over at from which flows a stream of poison | | Vimy Ridge were only 200 men. The gas, its weight carrying it down into ' heavy losses are entailed after an en- the interfor and gradually overcoming | emy trench is Then the Ger- any who may not detect the device in| man artillery gets the range of the time. | battered trench while we are striving to dig ourselves in. The charge pre- cedes the dawn by just a few minutes, man's hand by a stroke of the bird's powerful wing. An expedient often used when the Surgical Dressings. enemy is preparing to abandon a tract Interminable folds of gauze of land is to arrange mines with de-|#80 that one advance cover For those whom we shall never see. |tonators, which are actuated on the, of darkness and still have the ad- | vantage of daylight to repulse the Remember, when your fingers pause, That every drop of blood to stain This whiteness falls for you and me. Part of the price that keeps us free To serve our own, that keeps us clean From 'shame that other women know. O Siviors we have never seen, Forgive us that we are so slow! 'God--if that blood should ery in vain And we have let our moment go! --Amelia Josephine Burr. parting of a wire. | This wire is passed through anj counter attacks which the enemy must acid solution whith slowly eats it | immediately inaugurate. away,-so that it may be weeks before | The counter attack cannot be delay- the explosion occurs, Dugouts which | ed, becgnse every succeeding moment have been abandoned. even for a mat- F makes the first attacker more secure _|ter of two months and which appear in his newly won ground, The bitter- to be absolutely safe sometimes blow {est and most sanguinary fighting of up unexpectedly. the war has been that resulting from The temptation of trophy-gathering | a series of counter attacks on a given for allied soldiers is well understood | line of trenches. by the Germans, and many have lost = ag lives by cunning device in this e. Split pea soup with plenty of sea- soning is an excellent luncheon dish. When whole wheat flour is used peo- ple need less meat. . es oe oe kee ' ithough it was not a complete result of. _ "1915, Somewhere in France. | children will be punished by beating. i G it. amsforced. to? is place a man can/ The gesucres: the: right to 'time 'at | twenty ©.