_-- WOiikiv: PART. IN THE GREAT WAR MANY DEEDS OF OF BRAVERY AND DEVOTION, A New Era For Womanheod Has Been Brought About by the Werld Conflict. "Women," said a noted age re- cently, "have truly surprised the world in this terrible war, and they are of all nationalities." Certainly, if bravery and devotion to their country are the tests for the award of the cross of courage, many women would have received it, says a London correspondent, Think of such heroines as that little seventeen-year-old» French girl--a modern Joan of Arc--who, in addition to tending the British wounded, fought side by side with the soldiers in an hour of crisis and was seen kill five Germans with a revolver and with grenades. Her valor inspired the men and led them on to victory. Her name is Emilienne Moreau, and she has been awarded the Croix de Guerre. There are the heroic women, too, of shell-swept Flanders, who lived con- stantly under fire in the Belgian lines in the famous cellar house of Pervyse --the Baroness de T'Serclaes and Miss Mairi Chisholm. Always in danger, with the German shells continuously raining around them, they kept the men in the trenches supplied with hot cocoa and soup and saved hundreds of wounded men's lives by their first aid. There's famous Sergeant Flora Sands, also, who fought with the Ser- ; bian army and who showed amazing: resource and bravery in helping the} pptertaining Heangilee of Youthful }can stop the progress of infantry, and I } Serbs to clear oyt an enemy trench-- in which action she was badly wound- ed by a Bulgarian hand-bomb An Heroic Doctor. And now | come to one of the most: heroic women of the great war--one who laid down her life gladly for others--she was buried with the high- est military honors and around whose grave congregated all the great ones of this world. I write of that intrepid woman doctor from Edinburgh, Scot- land--the head of the Scottish Wo-! men's Hospitals for Foreign Service-- ' Dr. Elsie Inglis, who shared in all the horrors and hardships of the Ruman- ian and Serbian campaigns, who refus- ed to leave the sick and dying in Krushevatz under German onslaught, whose hospital was bombarded night and day for three days by the oncom- ing Germans and sn -- was aken prisoner ¢€ never once lost spirit and ee 'though broken in health, headed another hos- pital unit into Russia and stuck to her post there till her work was fin-| ished-- when she died. She has all the great qualities of both sexes, and none the sthall | s often said of her. I have! r personally all my life, and | have never met a finer woman. I attended her burial service in Lon-' don and, looking around, saw ambassa-' dors from every part of the world! come there to do her homage, states- | men, princes, royalty--those whom, the world calls great--it seemed to me that a new era for womanhood been brought about by the great war. Patriotism and Courage. The patriotism and courage of the martyred Edith Cavell need no detail- ing. They are known already. And there are lots of women, too, like Mrs. ' Harley, sister of Lord French, who met a heroine's Heath at Monastir when in charge of a motor-ambulance unit. The women who stay at home may be doing work as noble, though per- haps not so spectacular. Certainly | this war has brought certain women to | the front--types that hitherto been quite unnoticed. For instance, there's that new per- sonage in the feminine world---the woman who can work with women! She is a complete revelation to men, and to most women Women have al- ways preferred to work with men because they found their own sex to be too petty and jealous. A type of woman has arisen during this war who is a born leader--and popul: - Other women will do anything for She ; adds understar ling to the wraltises! possessed by mon leader: The Seotii-+ .oman-doctor to whom Ihave previously referred was euch an one, "Wi iu! do anything for her!" the girl doctors who werked un- der her at the front often ascured me. Another new wor type is the middle- aged woman, who has come into her own at last! any good for employment before the | war. She rather agreed with them herself, too--which was? a distinct ! pity! Then patriotism fired her blood and she started to persuade people. 'that | common sense and experience do! count. The Middle-Aged Worker. It took some doing--particularly in conservative Great. Britain!---but no war agency now dares bg a an age limit for its workers. open to be persuaded that widdle pe is not | a handicap. e middle-aged woman used to dye,her hair when first she} faced the employment agencies, but, she has given that up-now. Gray heads have won a place for "roger in munitions, in the "W men's Auxiliary Army Corps), a > When | | had | have} No one thought she Was | i ment A much-criticized " being-- --in pre- jwar ti times---was that bugbear, the | ectherin: law! Now she is immensely | popular! And why? Before: the war, few people found © out her use. But when the trumpet of } Mars 'sounded, and homes had to be broken up, she held out her arms to wives and children. Everything ent has changed but her home. So when ever there is a change elsewhere, or a 'leave,' she is the refuge. Children hive been left with her while the wile flew to her husband in hospital, ture has been 'dumped' upon her, 'oor, hex has been expanded like elastic, and all at a moment's notice. That is why she is popular. She knows how to rise to an emergency. Another type of war woman who | has sprung into being is the domesti- eae woman! Her talent was buried. before the war--particularly in Great | Britain, that home of the "cheap ser- ; vant." The domesticated woman felt ! the attraction of the kitchen--but dar- ed not go into it. The cook barred the a way--and her own colossal ignorance made her afraid. She didnot know | she had a great talent for domestic! economy until the war came. Then it became patriotic and the fashion to cook and scheme. Besides, the cook left. Like hundreds and thoueands of other naturally domesti- cated women, the "mistress" has come into her own during the war, and it is a kingdom of pots and pans. She has discovered a new world in domes- | ticity, and it is full of interest. Daughters will in the fulure be brought up to enjoy the game, too, and it is safe to say that no domestic j talent will be hidden in a napkin in : future--to please the cook. ' o> _ SCHOOLBOY HUMOR. Reasoning. | \ A contributor to the Nineteenth ; Century gives some entertaining ex- ! amples of the thought tangles and! oddities of schoolboys, and introduces them with the statement that as rule the perpetrators of blunders see /nothing comic in their mistakes, \though they may admit that there 'something wrong. | 'To the question, "What was jlatus clavus?" one boy returned the) "An ornament on the toga _ worn by senators in ancient Rome." So is the ; answer, j far he was fairly correct, but he | thought that his remark = frounding off; and so he adde os It gave the the right of sdociniorago the Cleaca maxima. A very diverting way of teaching English literature is to dictate some stanzas° "of a poem, leaving out cer- wuss. ' | Women's Land 'Army and in-Goyern-_ 'USED FOUR reans On 4 AFTER ANOTHER. © -- whe | Repulsed Reséctok Geiian Attacks During Leng Day of Bitter Fighting. A stirring ig ee --s Britis aviator, like gel, held up for a whole day repeated enemy attacks upon a weak and bling British line at Cambrai in' the height of the desperate struggle there ;by using four airplanes one after an Cc 'other as they were torn and erineled j .by enemy fire, has just come to light. It shows that some of the most dar- jing and dangerous airplane work of the last year has been in the new fie lef attacking enemy infantry from the (* i | "The Germans wete trying to recover a portion of the lost Hindenburg line, | Pushing with a great weight of men guns at a point where it was very difficult for the British to bring' up re- serves. The British battalion oppos- ing the attack had gone to earth little isolated groups among the shell | holes,. grimly determined to hang ' on to the end, The German masses had already | :moved ucross No Man's Land into the | battered earthworks that once formed | the British firing line. Other masses | were moving up in support; and al- | ready the nearest shell holes were} eee and boiling over with the | estless heads and shoulders of a 2 bout to renew the advance. The b rage of the British guns was ary i) ibut at close quarters only infantry ithe fire from the Britis: shell holes jhad grown weak and straggling. It looked as if the scanty British line would be overwhelmed by sheer weight (of numbers. | Aviator to the Rescue. '| The fire from the German guns - {greased until the air was alive with | ltheir bullets. It was the concentrated | re which always precedes the rush Ito. close quarters. The blue-gray fig- lures were already beginning to ap- | pear above the shell holes, their 'loose-fiapping uniforms and _ hideous gus masks giving them the auper- | ance of demons, when suddenly 'into! the smoke aad murk of battle there dived a British airplane. Fifty feet from the ground it flat-" tened out and skidded along the line, dropping its bombs among the bewil- dered Germahs. Wheeling awiftly. dst the flank of tho attack. it came | in- | ir in yupon @ more entertaining companion. = STOPPING THE. avi yt Seen Strange Tongue ber cen im We'had @ecited to travel second- class, im order to have a better oppor- tit to study the ee crowd of Chinese passengers, say r. ar- jenel, and we were well Segre, We madé the acquaintance of a young col- onel of engineers who wore a beautiful new uniform. He spoke French ex- cellently, and we could not have hit He was one of the revolutionaries who 'threw a bomb at Yuan Shih-kai. They |. imade the attempt in one of the prin- cipal streets of Peking. e es killed an officer, a-few soldiers, horse 'and some of the passers-by, but | Yuan Shih-kai was uninjured, Several of the bomb throwers were | jarrested,. imprisoned and beheaded, | and our young friend, too, would have! 'paid the extreme penalty had he not | ibeen a member of a French, club in| Peking, One of our countrymen hear- | ing of his arrest, went to the prison) where he was lying under sentence of | death, and talked voluble French to! the warder, who understood nothing | of what was being said to him, but im- agined, amid the confusion of those; revolutionary times, that the stranger | had the right to demand the prisoner's ; release. So the colonel departed, and} GAP. TO. CALAIS zs |A FIGHT WITH ODDS AT-TEN TO _ ONE. Vivid Description of a Battle That "Won Immortal Renown for British Arms. It was when the enemy had com- menced his big drive on Calais that a brigade of cavalry being needed to de- fend the read, I found that my regi- ment was included, says a member of {the Life Guards, one of the crack cav- alry regiments of the British Army. ns It was literally a case of ten to one, for the brigcde consisted of not more than 4,500 troops against the Ge mans' 41,000. Here we were linked up with the French-on our right and the Belgians on our left, and where we were there was only about one man to every thirty yards of line. At this time there were no trenches, and each man had to dig a shelter for himself, or find his own cover. ere were'no trench implements, and we had to use our sword hilts and scratch with our hands, each man working energetical- ly for his own protection, which was a sufficiently strong incentive to con- tinuous and energetic effort. We saw the enemy approaching from a distance of five miles, in their usual massed formation, as far to the left and right as eye could see. Jt was a formidable force, and it is not to be | wondered at that the officer peng ing our brigade was somewhat ne ous and that this feeling was shared Re 1 iby us all, although we did not know, | he did, the full strength of the Ger- mans. Nevertheless we could see them coming, and that was quite! enough. Our horses were some three! ' miles behind us, one man being left to every thirty horses. Thin Line of Defence. By and by no less a person than the, commander in chief, Field Marshal | \as ee and reloaded for those who re left to shoot, and the fomox. En- ver displayed' its pinetrating qualities to better effect, for ii would on occasions two and-three men at. x time, owing to the closely' packed vanks. cooks, work- ers, and, in fact, every available man was put into our 'line with a riffe in his "hand and helped to hold in check the enemy. Calais Was Saved. At a distance of five hundred yards the enemy commenced to show signs of real weakness, and fearing that stil] worse might be in store for them they commenced to dig in and await rein- forcements. Nevertheless they sent over a picked body of five hundred or ;more to try and penetrate our lines ;and find out our precise strength. Of these about two hundred got up to us and at once surrendered. Finding, however, that there were few if any men to guard them or escort them to the rear, they made an attempt to get back to their own lines, but we kept up a hot fire on them and thus pre- vented a single one returning with the true facts to the German lines. We held on to our positions* for three days before reinforcements ar- rived, including British troops who had been quickly sent across the Chan- nel, French and Belgians. The Ger- man Staff learned soon enough they had lost their opportunity, having got their own reinforcements, made another strong bid for Calais. But it was too late. By then we had a force of nearly 200,000 men, instead of our original little lot of '"contempt- ibles" numbering a little more than 4,000, and Calais was saved, aS Saree GEOGRAPHY ALLY OF HUNS. | Compact Location | at Central Powers Aids Strategy. | Because members of the German | general staff are able to dine to-night 'with the Emperor in Berlin, take the 'train for Vienna and confer with Aus- | trian leaders at breakfast, the Central | Powers are better located geographic- | ally to carry on the war than the Al- lies, who are hampered by being sepa- |rated from each other, said Dr. G. the folowing morning his accomplices | French himself, came to take stock of Roorbach, assistant professor of eo- beheaded WINNING THE VICTORIA CROSS. were lre How a New Zealand Private Gained | the Coveted Honor. 3 Private Henry James Nicholas of | the New Zealand infantry, was one of ;P } : Lewis gun section to be ordered form a defensive post at the flank of an attack, prices himself with : his squadsat the' stated post, he oper ed fire' on the enemy protecting assault, But the attackers were de Words to pe Mea ti wy Bere iy Their conjectures are always interest- ing, and sometimes let glown a shaft jinto the abyss of their ~ mental cesses.. A child of eleven was | ito finish the quotation, "'Tis better to 'have loved and lost," and his experi- jence of life suggested the excellently ; metrical line, "Than never to have loved and won.' A schoolmaster once read the lovely rae of Sir W. Davenant's The Lark Now Leaves His Watery Nest, ;and when he came to the end of the /second stanza, "Then-traw your cur- tains and begin the dawn," he omitted the last two words and produced the inevitable emendation, "Theit-draw your curtains and begin to yawn." One examination question -- read. "Write an account of your life as you | foresee it up to the age of forty-five." , The writer, with the snows of thirteen | winters on his head, described the | prosperous finish to his school and j university career, the entry into a | profession and the rewards of labor. "Then at twenty-eight years of age,' ihe wrote, "I married, and when I was | twenty-nine my wife presented me with a son and heir. No one can pos- | sibly know the full joys of fatherhood ; save one who has been a father." A schoolmaster had fully explained ,to a class of boys the meaning of the 'saying that a prophet is not without 'honor saye in his own country, and had illustrated it by a reference The explanation took a good ten minutes, but the result, when} the pupils tried to state the meaning | ,in their own words, was discouraging. "This text means that no prophet is a prophet to his own valet," said one | boy. "This means that we ought to | j be very kind to servants." ------------- Iee Cannon That Really Fire. Same ingenious workmen in Petro- gra' more than 175 years ago carved | -ix cannons out of blocks of ice, turn- | cd them in lathes and bored them for 6-inech shells. And they actually fired salutes from them. The ice was suf-. ficiently strong to withstand the ex- | plos sion of. nearly 2,000 grains of real | gunpowder. Farmers who have no pond | Bly of ice this winter. made of barrels sawed in half so the |top is larger than the bottom and : other receptacles were filled with wa- 'ter which soon froze solid. Hot wa- ter is poured on the outside and the locks of ice then slip out easily. Ice- sarod have been hastily constructed, arded up inside and outside, The | studding and the space between - i with sawdust, chaff, or straw. hee icehouse pF ems it will have Fie Gextangs and where it will be hates from the sun in summer. If it is} painted, paint it white, ~ Sy, pid - filading the advancing foe and driv- toj , "No hero is a hero to his: ming back like a Sealiew arene a swarm of flies, its machine guns en- ing him back to his burrows. . A storm of German bullets swept through the planes, and a black flame- centered burst of enemy shrapnel smothered the airplane in vapor. The watching infantry saw splinters fall from its quivering frame and the sil- very fabric of the underwings was torn in several places by shell splin- ters. But the daring pilot finished his) course, and vanished into the smoke' clouds, leaving the panic-stricken en-! emy._ clinging to his shell holes too | shaken and thinned to press the at-| tack further Little by 'little. however, the Ger- | man supports came up, advancing by short rushes over the open, forcing their comrades by twos and | threes, in spite of British fire. Scores | and scores of their dead littered No. Man's) Land, but gradually strength of the attacking line was; made good, and the shell holes again began to heave and boil as men rose the rims to assist them over the top. Scattered Death and Confusion. Then, suddenly, they were over and away, little spurts of humanity belch- fed out of the crater field, coalescing into a seething blue-gray, rushing mass, hopelessly outweighing = handful of British defenders. But b fore the mass could gain full momen- tum a familiar snoring hum sounded jabove the din of battle, and out of the 'low-lying haze swept the covering air- Plane, a new machine, but with the! {same pilot as before. His bombs! dropped among the advancing Ger-| mans, dispersing those "who escaped the flying fragments, and his machine guns swept them out of sight into the shell holes. A half hour passed, and again the ,;enemy attempted to attack, this time hesitatingly and = with ipginkikig spirit. Again tho airplane appeare and the first rattle of his guns sen |the Germans into cover again, A- Ger! man airplane dashed down to drive him away, but another British ma-, chine from the protecting patrol came. {down on the German's tail and sent| 'him cartwheeling behind his own lines, | | i or There were other German machines in railway platform and sat | stream near them have put in a sup- 'the offing, but the watchful British! beside a hospital Tanks, tubs fighters made the enemy airmen shy | waiting for a train. of losing their altitude, and "the dar-| ing British pilot kept his guard over | the threatened ard without further in- | terference. | Many times he ewele down --on the Germans that day, crumpling up every | attempted attack with his fire, render- ing portions of their po: unten- able with. his bombs, pe rocking + | madly in air gusts from a barrage salvo just as often big tga rand wilder {maneuvers to co and riflemen, who searched for him it him nes. santly. Three times his airplane | pore revolver in hand, and charged the was| me." Te Ww = met As they. se or 'Nicholas 'cheerfully enemy alone. His comradés followed him as soon as they could shoulder the | came machine gun. Nicholas' audacity overwhelmed the Huns and he | trated a machine gun post before the defenders could shoot him down. As! ®' he leaped into the trench he shot the! | but officer in command. As he landed he | snatched a hand grenade from one | startled soldier and a rifle with bayo-} net fixed from another. With a snarl he menaced the. sixteen Huns, who | : tly | stood gaping at him, and _ instan | their hands " a aloft. "Kamerad, ™ they 'said. It was in this position that his com-' 'yades found him, possessor of a ma-| 'sixteen cowed fighting me Sending the prisoners ro the Nicholas 'organized the position rear, and lief.- At one time in the long occu- pancy of this post, however, before help came, his men ran out of ammu- the open where numerous German dead lay and collected enough rifle cartridges to equip the Hun arms that he had captured. Heavy machine gun | and rifle fire did not bring him down, and he escaped to his comrades a supplying them with bullets to hold off . the attackers. Victors of Vimy. Cheers for thee, O tall Canadians! Erect as the ever-green spruce trees, | Strong as the witches of oak and birch , sprouts, Light in your step as the bark canoe 'Skimming the waves ef Le*. Nipigon; Swift val hy red deer, bra? eas oe | Lithe 'a "tee panther--lean, too, and tawny; Impetuous as the north wind over Sas- katchewan, Driying all foes before in resistless dvancing. 10] valorous victors of Vimy, | To you on the-hilltop - | Lift we our cheers! -- Oo She Had Not The Heart. | A country woman came along on a seat' nurse With a sigh of relief she disposed of her parcels and umbrella. Then, she began to chat. ' "Ah," she said, nurse's uniform admiringly, "I don't; know A aa we'd do without the likes «*Oh, you are too kind!" protested "Tm re you do things ith the comes to"human bein's, my heart fails se oS, gain, | t© the situation, but even then no definite ers were given whether we were to advance or attack, hold on or fight a y guard action. Finally the officer pct Ea ae told General French that if we were to hold on he must have re- inforcements, to which the C. in C. re- plied, so we afterwards, "If you 'must have reinforcements take m: * staff and two sentries, as these are all ithe = that lie between your line and oe 'did not really expect to be told to-hold on, but having got the order) Pp there was nothing to do but carry: it were} rapidly aperonchings 'and each one = us took up his position, awaiting th order. to' fire as soot-as the enemy came within rifle range; the effective limit of which is about °1,800 - yards. During the short time left to us we found ourselves bidding one another goodby, not because we were afraid because we felt that our chances were hopeless and that there was litér- 'ally no getting out, dnd all that was left was for the Germans to wipe us out. The Order to Fire. The order to fire came at a distance jot 1,750 yards, but they continued to advance, although we could see that 'we were making some impression on their thick ranks, and it was some con- re-en- | chine gun, four wounded aia and | Solation to think that we had account- ed for a number of our foes before our own time came. As we fired into the thick of them we could see them fall- the defended it until nightfall brought re- ing in twos and threes and the advance was less steady. Nevertheless they advanced fully 500 yards before they began to thin down very perceptibly from the lower cover and laid hold of nition, and Nicholas darted out into and to waver. We were keeping up a rapid-fire of about fifteen rounds to the minute, and after firing sixty rounds we would 'shift our positions either five yards to 'the right or left, until we came back our first position, keeping up a rapid fire all the time. There was also ,one machine gun which was firing at ,the maximum, moving its position 'from two hundred and fifty to three |}, 'hundred yards to the left and right, taking up different positions from time - time, and firing incessantly. This s doing great execution, and by het means weimpressed the German command with the idea that we wero in much greater force than they at first believed. A Fight of Desperation. The enemy had brought up big guns, these now commenced to fire, endi over shells such as "coal Cote; " "Jack Johnsons" and "Lizzies" all along our line. To these we could only repiy with a battery of six guns, {the enemy batteries. Still, we had to, make what use we could of the means! 'at our disposal and do our best, 'desperate but cool determination. ormous strain, and it was perhaps the, firm belief which . péssessed ev ery | man of the rightness of his cause and | looking at the of the brutality and bestiality of the! enemy which made every one of us fight like ten men. Meanwhile the Germans were press- ing closer and ever closer to our lines, and our final defeat and extermination became more than ever a matter of certainty. Nevertheless we kept up our firing, and the rifies of thoge who had fallen by our sides were handed to us, as our own were too hot to handle. The wounded who were able | co graphy at the University of Pennsyl- vania, in a recent lecture. Taking as his subject, "Geographic Influences in the Conduct of the War," Doctor Roorbach showed that since the Central Powers lie in a compact group they can forny plans quickly and exe- cute them wit The Entente Allies, however, are at a disadvantage. -Inter- confer- ae the trip to the central aecting China cela pane at 3.96 Bex. gre ' position, Baek co continued: "The ai Pee gga superior in bat- tleships, has swept the seas clean of German ahioying and blockaded the ustrian coasts. But it has had to a ke content with this. Secure behind the natural defenses of the choose the time and place for a gener- al naval engagement. No German port is near enough to the sea to be bombarded by warships. No matter how powerful, an enemy fleet cannot harm the German coast nor force the German fleet to open waters." seamen ii A Remarkable New Psalm. "Three new Psalms -tracing the founding of the British Empire and: ' then the bursting of the storm in 1914,' and how the men of our blood came to our aid, have been composed by_/Mr. A. W. Pollard, assistant keeper in the library of the British Museum. We give below the words of the third psalm, and," says the Church Family Newspaper, "we do not hesitate to say that during the war, at any rate, these psalms ought to be used periodi- cally in our churches: "Let us praise God for the » Dead: for the Dead who die in our cause. "They went forth first a little army: all its men were true as steel. "The hordes of the enemy were' hurled against them: they fell back, but their heart failed not. "They went forward again and held their ground: though their foes were as five to one. "They gave time for our host muster: the host of the men who,n™ | thought fo fight. "A great host and a mighty: we of the men who died to gain ~ time. s "The men who never never: 51 fight have not been found wa ti: the strength God has given the are great of heart. ey fight against those 1 \ thy } 3 t} who !e | | and they made small showing against | 'war: they fight, and by faith in. Go! 'they shall prevail. _ "Let us praise God for these me: | let us remember them before Him atl the | and all the time we were fighting with our days. "Let us-care for the widows. and who wasyFighting against such odds was an en- | OF phans: and for the men who come 'home maimed. "Truly God has been with us: these things have not been done withcut His help. "O Lord our God, be Thou still our helper: make us worthy of there who die. at --_--_--_4----__----- Tile draining wet lands will in- crease crop returns from $10 to $20 per acre, { | Straighten up'and repa' the grape- vine trellis or posts when a thaw mes.