¥ . McDougall was \ THE BOY AND THE FLAG. Think of those who wrought for itt} was Do you know the stery of it? Do you sense ihe glory of it With a pulsing rapture that thrills you throvgh and through? When you see it gleaming there, When you see it streaming there, " Do you grasp the meaning ef the Union Jack to you? You can sce the beauty. there-- Can you read your duty there Wheri you see it flutter against the sky. to-day? Does it stir the soul of you, Does it fil] the whole of you--- The flag that flies above you and around the world alway? Marnie And The Flag. Erect and alert, like a little soldier in blue gingham, Marnie stood at at- tention and saluted the flag. Then with blazing eyes she turned upon the two liltle boys across the aisle, whom the teacher was scolding, and fairly withered them with a scornful glance. To think that there could be two Canadian boys who would giggle dur- ing the salute--giggle and have to made to do it over! John, however, was her. neighbor, and as soon as Marnie came out to play that afternoon he ran right over. Marie drew her skirts round her with preat dignity and started back toward the house. "You know well enough, John Grover!" she said. "I don't want anything-~ to do with a traitor!" And she held her curly head very high indeed. "Traitor!" stammer do you mean?" Marnie turned round just for a mi- nute. "Any boy who laughs at the Union Jack is as, bad as a traitor!' she said. John took a step after her. "Why, what do you mean, Marnie?" he said. "J never laughed at the Union Jack, never! Why, I had a great-great- grandfather or something who was a United Empire Loyalist! So!" Marnie turned again, and her eyes ag even more than they had be- () ed John. "What re. "That makes it all the worse!" she cried. "What would your great- great-grandfather think if he knew how you laughed at the flag when you ought to have saluted it?" "Oh!" John understs felt better. "Is that what you mean? laugh at, Marnie Evans. ke, don't you see? t jackboard and pretending it's a flag!" "Why, John Grover," cried Marnie, "do you mean--why, it is there! mean it's just the same as there. Don't you see?" She stopped helpless- ly. "Why, when I salute or when I sing God Save The King, I do see it-- not a real one, of course, but some-- don't you understand?" But John shook his head. "No," he said firmly. "It's because you're a girl that you see things in the air like that. When I see a real flag I'll salute all right, and 6o'll the rest of the fellows; but saluting the black- board is just a joke. Sol Come on now and play." ; But Marnie shook her head ~~ C) ve had wished to by herself. : To begin with, Marnie had to make we nc we 2 A sf ay ~ be | > hy Lf & Honor those who fought for it-- Who gave their lives to save it in the darksome days of old Not a blot is staining there! Every cross remaining there! All the hopes of millions its red, white, blue enfold! Show yourself a man for it! Do the most you can for it! Remember that you owe it the best you have to give! Duty's voice may call to you, The post. of honor fall to you, O then to die beneath it were eweeter than to live! up her mind*to the idea that other people did not see the great beautiful flag that she saw up in the sky when- ever she heard God Save the King or went through the pretty exercise that they call in school Saluting the Flag. ' And then someway she saw that it was lnot a good thing for boys to laugh ments with the railway companies, iands went on by leaps and bounds, Brief statistics will give an idea of some developments. In 1867 the pop- ulation of Canada was 3,371,000; in 1911 (official), 7,206,000. Railway mileage in 1867 was 2,278; im 1914, 20,800. Foreign trade in 1867 was capital paid up in 1867 was $30,500,- 006; in 1915 it was $115,984,000. A Wide Deminion. Sir Robert Borden, whom no one would accuse of having a teo fanciful imagination, has drawn a 'striking picture of the geographic extent of t ; no about saluting the flag, even when | there was not any flag there. | daddy's present that he did not bring 'her from To: ! For Marn 'oniy that morning from Toronto; an as he had been too busy to buy her a present there, as he usually did, he had promised to let her go downtown , with her mother and choose a present for herself. { Now the trouble was that there ' were two things that Marnie wante |--a beautiful doll that she had seen in Shores' window and a set of books; ' 'and before John had come over, Marnie had thought that it would take » her every single minute until mother) | was ready for her to decide'which she 'would choose. But now, all of a | sudden, here was a strange new idea. She sat down in the house, perfectly ! | and then ran } still for ten minutes, 'upstairs. | "Mother!" she called. "O mother! 'Could I get a flag with daddy's 'money, do you think?" "Yes, indeed," said mother. "A big flag?" "Yes, a fine think," wo co you Pea 0! Bit and I have a fine one to put on the front verandah on Dominion Day." Then Marnie told her all about the that boys I di | must have a real flag. Mother smiled and nodded and smil- ed again as she listened--and I think a little bit of mother's money, too, went into the flag that they bought and her precious flag waving proudly aloft. For there on the sidewalk were all the little boys, with John at their hea Not Marnie or Laura Secord or General Wolfe himself, and sound in their room at school. THE GROWTH OF ». OUR DOMINION: EXPANSION FROM ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC. Factors Which Tend Toward the Best Development of the Canadian People. Canada's expansion from ocean to ocean has' not been accomplished a'day, but the new Dominion, once es- tablished, quickly took in hand the matter of adding new territory, until nine Provinces in all were established by 1905. Newfoundland, which had withdrawn from the Quebec scheme in 1865, has not yet seen fit to join, though negotiations have taken place at different times, which came to no conclusion. In the same year in which the Do- minion was es to this end, and George E. were sent to England and conducted the negotiations by -which they se- cured this vast inland empire from the "Great Company" for $1,500,000. en named as first Governor, but he never reached his goal. He was met on boundary, the , at Pembina, by a tse from the Bet Provisional Governmen up by phe rebel haif-breed, Louis Reel, weeks of bluffing, compelled to with a a om le Be ke Sot draw. The incident, which was in -- due to lack of support from Sir ohn M was a fatal blow to the prestige of cDougall Early the next year peace as_restored and Manitoba entered Confederation. New Provinces Join. British Columbia was the next dis- trict to join the Confederated Domin- jon. The Hudson Bay Company in 1849 had been permitted to take pos- seasion of Vancouver, and the discov- ery of gold in British Columbia in the fifties caused the British Government to take over control of a part of the company's field. The company's in llicense was revoked, owing to dis- putes with the inflowing miners, and a Governor of the Colony, Sir James Douglas, was appointed. His control lasted unti! about 1864. Though Bri- tish Columbia was not represented at the ebec Conference, the Legisla tive Council in 1868, unanimously ex- pressed the desire to join the union. Negotiations were begun, and on May 20, 1871, British Columbia became 4 Province of the Dominion. Though the conference at Char- lottetown was one of the main con- federating influences, Charlottetown remained unmovéed--a group instance home. In 1866 the Assembly there resolved against union because they believed that it could not be accom- plished "'on terms that would prove us to the int@yests and advan ; well being of the people of this island, dust pp ronto, . fe's father had come back' acdonald and his Government, | of a prophet being unhonored at! with whe , Canada. "Do you realize how great 'a country Canada is?" he asked. "If And last, there was the question of) you could pivot Canada on its eastern' th | Seaboard it would cover the northern | part of the Atlantic Ocean, the Brit- ish Isles, Norway, Sweden, Denmark , of France, the entire German Empire 'and a considerable part of European Russia." ; The territorial expansion of united | Canada, in a sense, has not stopped. | In 1896 the discovery of gold to all intents and purposes opened up a new the Yukon. The same thing might be affirmed of the addi- tion of Ungava to Quebec and of the adding of New Ontario to the old within recent "newspaper" memory. The brief history of Northern Ontario is but an earnest of what is to come as inevitably in the "last.great West." 'No one can look at the map without seeing that the Peace River district is destined to carry a large population. | Speculation as to Future. | In the Dominion settlement is still sparse compared with Europe, or even , country in mia have undergone growth. Better meth ods are being used in farm and fac- tory. What has been minion pears made up by concentration of ef- 'fort. Perhaps quality rather than quantity may henceforth be more sought, as a consequence, in the future newcomer. en a powerful current of public | thought has frected to th 'Dominion resources, the larger util- gifts, especially a to the ----_#--___ When I Come Home. When I come home, dear folk o' We'll drink a cup of olden wine in And yet, however rich it be, en I come home! When I come home and leave behind Dark things I would not call to mind, T'll taste good ale and home made bread, And see white sheets and pillows ead. " spr And there is one who'll softly creep To kiss me, ere I fall asleep, And tuck me 'neath the counterpane, And I shall be a boy again When I come home! When I come home, from dark to igat, And tread the roadways long and white, And tramp the lanes I tramped of yore, J And see the village greens once more, The tranquil farms, the meadows free, The friendly trees that nod to me, And hear the lark beneath the sun, 'Twill be good pay for what I've done, When I come home! __-+ - Conservation, a Moral Issue. The conservation issues is a moral issue. When a few men get poss sion of one of the necessities of life, methods, and use that control to ex- tort undue profits, as in the recent cases of the Sugar Trust and the beef packers, they injure the average man out reason and they are guilty of a moral wrong. I€ does not matter whether the undue profit comes through stifling competition, by bates, or other crooked devid®s, through corruption of business offi- cials, or through seizing and monopo- the separated as it is eyer must re-| lizing resources which belon two mont fi troca the bl 5 ed Bre ces people. The -resul€ is shea "the| About a week before the attack-- an immovabl farrier of ke of e--a toll | on the cost of liy-| Which was on Oct. 23, at the Chemin months of the year." By 1 through privileges. - |des Dames--two holding attacking as of. + Bet ae - | divisions are sent up to the lines, an ; > new Ya When you waste wheat you bresk| the division which has J undertakings, and was ready to accept the Katser, fl ee: 3 sgl ; =O A uD and the development of the prairie; $131,000,000; in 1915, $1,120,250,000.ja terrific tirade barrage which Government Revenue, 1867, $13,637,-; had been going on -- for eleven 000; in 1915-16, $170,000,000. Bank jdays and nights, and which had used mine, $ 4 No * =a, 4 DES DAMES." the Senegalese, Meroccans and Algerians Strike Terrer Inte German Hearts. "tt was a big attack and a big job one ticed that nothing but Colonials came |; oroccans, >. i | up about $100,000,000 worth of am- munition. Boche Fears Long Knives. With star shells illuminating their path the negroes, Zouaves and Alger-' armed with hand grenades and, jlong knifes only, went over and kept; going in wave after wave. j 'The Germans could not stand the, 'thousands of knives glittering in the, ister shell light and they gave way.) \'The first trench was taken and the i Chasseurs came over, followed by the! {fs { tans, eo Holland, Belgium, the northern part Zouaves. h lieutenants then round- ad- ta d, : The Frenc 'ed up the Senegalese, who took lvantage of many opportunities idodge the bullets from German rapi |fire guns by hiding in shell holes. | The officers simply gave them ; kick and said, "Get up and go on, 'and if the negroes did not obey they , fof course would threaten to shoot! | them, but the order is usually suffi- | cient. | Throat after throat was slit from ear to ear by these expert negroes. a " | The Germans don't like this kind 'of fighting and fell back over the Chemin des Dames, up to the Fort of 'Malmaison, where t guns. ' i hey had their big: Treachery of the Germans. } This killing of the Germans has be- ' /come necessary, as so many boche) ppave feigned to be wounded or shout- | ed "Kamerad!" with both hands up,'! only to stab their captor from behind | as soon as his back was turned. This | jece of treachery accomplished, they | again, awaiting the next vic-| a welous with the knife, cut each throat, It is the only safe method. } } aves, and Sene- galese do not like to take prisoners | in any event. They have suffered too/ much from the "Kamerad" trick. I, know of one case in which a whole regiment of boches were taken prison- | ers with their hands up. | Then suddenly, at a signal, they all | lay down on the ground, and behind, them a section of rapid-fire German! guns got into action and simply laid | 900 French Chasseurs dead on the) ground. They then retreated. German Wounded Only Boys. Now the German wounded began to | come in, all boys of from 17 to 20. I) must have seen about 150 of them and | I saw not one who looked over 20.* I them in the Yet in the face of this Germans, when on the way to 2 French hospi- tal in a French ambulance to be cared for by a French doctor at the ex- pensé of France, if they have a free hand, reach over in the car and open the bandage from a helpless Frenchman, hoping that he may bleed to death before he reaches the hospi- | tal There have been a number of cases in which a e hastorn off a , Frenchman's bandage with his teeth, | thus opening an artery and causing 'the death of the Frenchman. | A boy of 17 wilusivas shot in the | head told me he hid not tasted food or drink for four days; had not even| had any water. I got him some. i H no shoes or stockings or underwear, just his coat and breeches which were soaked through i rain, mud and stretcher bearer outfitted him. Pigeons Bring News. Carrier pigeons now came back and brought the news that the French had captured the high tower of Pinon, which was two and a half miles from their starting point, together with about 5,000 prisoners and seventy- five cannon. The method of the French attack in detail is as follows: e attacking division is brought up to within four or five kilometers of the third line, where it rests and prepares for the attack. Its ammunition and artillery | wagons are going all night, bringing up artillery and ammunition. s takes a period of from one month to { THC FAMOUS "CHEMIN zn P- strung and temperamenta! and really only good for attacking; no soldier is better in this capacity. the colonial troops are in the first three lines their ammunition and guns R hat lines. This takes 2bout another week. 1 no-; holding and second holding divisions came back and occupied trenches*two {a troops went up during the night and j occupied the first line trench. In the "| morning they are given a teaspoonful 'of brandy, some bread and coffee, and jas dawn comes they pull down, the gates and go out over the top into the! face of the enemy rapid fire { hand grenades and shrapnel. | Railway ho are mar-| They occupy the - first oSef but After the two holding divisions and re also brought up closer to the On the night of Oct. 23 the first nd three and the attacking colonial THE MEN WHO --= + " rf "5. GALLANT MEN ON © BRITISH TRAWLERS AND DRIFTERS. Ever Surrounded by Peril From Mine and Submarine Are Keeping Seas Clear for Traffic. Minesweeping is one of the newest phases of warfare, so new that it is: still in the process of experiment. The British method consists of tow- ing a single steel cable over the bot- tom, which catches the moorings of whatever enemy mines have been laid, and refts the mines loose, allowing guns, | FIRES ON RAILWAYS. them to rise to the surface, when they are sunk or exploded by rifle fire. At present the British are conduct- ing experiments to determine the size of the cables used, the size of the kites used to sink the cables to what- ever depth it is desired to sweep, a even to discover the safest sort of craft in which to sweep for mines. It Government Railways Should be Un- | der Regulations of Ry. Commission. | "The requiremen Commissioners have been well observed on the whole, loss to our forests for which the r ways can be held responsible is bu a small fraction of the total fire loss, stated Sir Clifford Sifton at Ninth Annual Meeting of the mission of Conservation. 'This, as compared with the situation ten years ago," he continued, "is an improve- ment of the first magnitude. I should here explain that we secured the adoption of legislation by which the Board of Railway Commissioners was authorized to igpose fire protection measures upon the railways, and we then assisted the Board in drafting the regulations. When these were adopted, the Board appointed our chief forester as its inspector in the enforcement of fire protection regula- tions for all the privately-owned rail- ways of Canada, The jurisdiction of the Railway Commission now extends to approximately 85 per cent of the railway mileage of Canada. There are still 4,087 miles of Do- minion Government railways and 350 miles of provincially chartered rail- ways in Alberta not subject to regu- lation and inspection by the Railway Commission, and the fire prevention service applicable to these two classes is not comparable to that applied un- der the Board of Railway Commis- sioners. The Minister of Railways has, so far, declined to take the progres- sive step of adopting the regulations ers in fall and putting their enforce- ment in charge of our chief forester. unquestionably the best qualified man in Canada for the work. We trust this will soon be done. The situation at the present time is, therefore, that the Parliament of Canada, in its zeal for the public good, requires all pri- vately-owned railways, such as Canadian Pacific railway, the Cana- dian Northern railway and the Grand nk railway, to submit to the re- gulations which are imposed for the public good by the Board of Railway Commissioners, but they will not al- low the Intercolonial railway, which they themselves own and manage, to be put under those regulations. The result is that on the Government's own railway the fire protective ser- vice is the worst that we have in Can- ada. Urgent necessity exists for dealing with the northern railways in Alberta, and it is to be hoped that the government of that province will fall in line with the progressive spirit which has been adopted throughout the remaining portions of Canada." -- = & - -- My Wartime Garden. In bygone days when war dogs slept, My garden was so trimly kept; In bed and border treasures grew ail- t ' tear | Of every shape and every hue. But now instead of gorgeous blooms, And their delicious sweet perfumes, Is seen the strangest state of things, One of the changes wartime brings. I've columbines and kidney beans, Carnations bold and curly greens; I've peas next to the pansy bloom, While Brussels sprouts surround the room, My roses I could hardly spare, But radishes sown with great care Fill all the spaces in between, While here and there a swede is seen: I've artichokes where once I grew Anchusas of the heavenliest blue; White picotee and poppy strive For pride of place with cos and chive. , My garden, once a place of dreams, A sheer delight of color schemes; Instead of soothing wearied eyes, The inner man now satisfies. a ~-Le-- ~~ ---- The Police Are Enforcing Food Laws. All over Canada municipal police authorities are enforcing the food reg- ulations in a firm, vigorous manner. They are also enforcing the Anti- Loafing Law. There has been'a great damprovement. on the streets of most of the Canadian cities since this law was passed. Fines of $100 and costs have been imposed in Calgary, Mont- real, Victoria, Saskatoon, Toronto, Port Arthur, Ottawa, Regina, Strat- ford, and many other points report cases of fines and imprisonment. ------_>--_----_ Two English wémen on a Titan tractor plowed 23 acres in a week, _ and the | quite as like 'emy mines, which are moored on an 'average some ten feet below the sur- iad the ; is the most glaring fault of the fish- ing trawlers with which Britain, in common with other warring Powers, is ts of the Board of |Sweeping for mines, that they draw fourteen feet of water, making them ly to fall a victim to en- face, as the larger craft they are de- the lsigned to protest. It is, of course, not | possible to tell of the experimental jeraft which the Navy is trying owt for mines j weeping purposes. Dangerous Floating Mines. "You can count on losing ninety per cent. of your crew when one of the trawlers hits a mine," a lieutenant of the Royal Nava! Trawler Reserve told ithe writer. "With the new craft, you stand far less chance of hitting a mine, and when you do, you lose only forty percent. of your crew." All mines laid by Germany and England alike are fitted with the safe- ty gear on their moorings which is re- 'quired by the Hague Convention. This gear automatically renders harmless jany sea-mine which breaks from its moorings and floats as a lost mine on the surface. But there is this vast dif- Upon the holls when day was done, 'mines and the lost English mines which have been discovered thus far 'at sea, Many of the floating German mines have been discovered with their safety gear deliberately filed in two, so that the mine has not automatically become harmless, but is as dangerous floating about as when it was moored in a minefield. This was done by j Germans solely because they are un- able to use peat hee and oe 'to their heating mines SS ie shar ian Allied or neutral vessel, Germany | possessing no scruples abput the sink- 'ing of neutrals. When a Mine is Found. This is a fact which has been de- monstrated time and time again by i tapped and mine experts of the Brit- ist Navy. Officers of the minesweep- ers usually run their sweepers in close to a German mine when one is found .-j,e., from seventy to one hundred yards--for the purpose of seeing whe- ither the mine discovered is a new type. This can usuaily be told by not- jing the markings on its dull red ex- 'terior. If the mine is of the usual | sort--i.e., a globe, with four detonator horns if it has been laid by a submar- 'ine, or with five horns if it has been aid by a surface craft (the submar- lines carry their thirty minés in tubes, |80 submarine-laid mines have no horn 'on top)--it is sunk or exploded in the 'usual way. .Jf it is of a new sort, 8 mine expert is sent for and the mine [is brought back to the base for ana- \}ytical. purposes. This is.one of the most dangerous 'tasks that any man could wish for. The mine expert is usually rowed out to the floating mine which it ie desir- ed to salve in a small boat, and when about ten yards from where the mine jis hobbing up and down in the sea, he |Jeaps overboard and swims «to the mine. Then, with a monkey wrench, jhe unserews a circular piece at the iside of the mine and takes out its pri- mer, a job which is often made tre- !mendously difficult if the mine has \been in the water a long time and ia | coated with razor-like barnacles. With ithe primer out, the mine may be tow- {ed in to the base and finally brought {up from the water and shipped away ito an analytical station. ; When 'the war was young, a great many trick mines were loosed at sea 'by the Germans. Some of these were | disguised as innocent wreckage. many | were made to look like barrels floating 'at sea, and some had a dummp peri- ; scope attached to provoke a merchant- ;man to ram, thinking he was ramming a submarine, when in reality he was I bowing himself up. For a time the' isea was made filthy with this hideous \trickery, but by this time merchant- imen are too wise to fall victims to such devices. -- --Qo-------- -_-- In Dyeing Anything. Remember, in dyeing anything, that to get the best results.the things that you dye must be free from dirt. Bolk them clean in a boiler of water and then"rinse them thoroughly in clear cold water. oo women Give the calves whole milk for the first two weeks, then feed part for two.weeks, then give all separator milk with oil meal added. shed oats and clover should be given as soon as the calves will texe it. >