s By Agronomist. This Department is for the use-of our farm readers who want the advice of an expert on any question regarding soll, seed, crops, etc. If your question Ie of sufficient general interest, it will be answered through this column. If stamped and addressed envelope is enclosed with your letter, a complete answer will be mailed to you. Addrese Agronomist, care of Wilson Publishing Ltd., 73 Adelaide St. W., Toronto. HANDLING FARM MAN-URE IN RUSH SEASONS. Almost everyone who has made a, water this gas may be driven off very, study of the matter would agree that! quickly by an application of heat so! the only way to conserve all of the | in both the liquid and solid portions of fertilizing elements in farm manure; manure there is a large amount of is to place it on the land as soon as it;ammonia gas. It is a well known fs available. There are some condi- fact that when horse manure or any tions, however, which preclude such; other dry manure, is thrown out in a disposition of the manure supply and | heap, there is bound to be some heat, it becomes 'necessary therefore, to so| with further decomposition of the | arrange the materials and appliances; solid or woody portions. at hand that the greatest amount of | Sometimes in the morning we ap-| fertilizing constituents in the manure) proach the barn and if wehad not, shall be saved and made avai!eble for! seen the sight many' times before, we. futare use. At the same time it is! would believe the manure to be on fire, agreed manure should be put on the with danger of burning up since there land as soon as made, it is just a8iseems to be much smoke and gas well agreed that it should not be: coming out of the top of the pile. placed upon hilly or rolling land, but However, the gas that is passing off is a short while before that land is to! the most valuable part of the manure. be plowed or worked up. Freshets| The fact that the manure heats, of it- and showers when falling upon ma-/ self, does no particular harm, but the nure so placed on rolling or hilly land} coincidence that the manure in heat- carry away a very large amount of ing drives off the ammonia gas which the fertilizing ingredients and for this js dissolved in the moisture of the ma- reason it is not wise to muke such a/nure is the fact which makes it dan- risk. gerous to allow this thing to occur. The other condition which makes it; And so in any system of manure impossible to spread manure as soon' storage, it is absolutely imperative as it is made is in the rush season. to have the bottom of the pit tightly If there was some way of getting at closed so that the liquid portion of the the exact amount of loss that takes manure will be saved and to have the place while the manure is being stored eaves of the storage house so arrang- under ordinary conditions for three or,ed that rain water can be put in four weeks unti! the work. lightens: from time to time when.needed to cool sufficiently to put it on the soil, we down the decomposing pile of manure probably would find that there is no and to re-dissolve the ammonia that season too rushing nor 1.0 work that: may have been partially expelled by pays better than putting the manure the heating. directly onto the soil as soon as it is|_ This year when the various fertiliz- made. However, since we have been ing elements are so costly, be- accustomed to think this job can not| hooves us even more than any other be done during these rush seasons, it becomes necessary to provide some suitable storage place for the manure. Taking all the farm manures, by and large, it comes about as close to the truth as we can get to say that sixty per cent. of all the fertilizing elements lie in the liquid part of the manure, while forty per cent. lie in the solid part. If we wish to~-put it {in another way, we might say that eighty-five per cent. of the available fertilizing elements are in the liquid manure while fifteen per cent. are in the solid portion. In other words, the liquid portion is much more valuable than the solid, and where manure is placed out in piles of the barn or wheeled out to the side of the hill with the expectation that the rain will wash out portions of it that are too heavy to haul to the field, it will readily be seen that any ma- ntre supply so handled might as well be dumped into the river in its entire- ty since the solid portions of the ma- nure that remain are very inert and it takes a long time before they are de- composed sufficiently to be used by the growing plants. ere are some facts concerning manure that should be kept in mind whenover any system for its handling fs mapped out. One of the first is that the liquid portion of the manure is much more valuable than the solid; the next one is that under normal con- ditions the nitrogen of the manure is the most valuable part of it When the small boy goes out to the barn to clean out the stable that he neglected the morning before, he usually gets an eye full of foul smelling gas. This gas is nothing other than ammonia, a combination of nitrogen and hydro- gen, and for this reason every bit of ammonia gas should be saved since it contains the nitrogen which is so costly when bought 'asa fertilizer. e commercial ammonia, so-called, which is bought on the market for use on wash day is nothing more nor less than ammonia gas dissolved in water. "Mmmonia gas disscives very readily in water and is somewl.at heavier than air and when ammonia is dissolved in eaves | ter. year, to save all that is available in the supply of farm manure on every farm. 'o do this requires some sort of a storage house. An old shed may be used and the manure dumped into this. With a little cement and time, it will be possible to hollow out the floor of the shed so that the Hquid portion of the manure will neither be wasted nor allowed to leech away. Then too, the roof of the shed should be arranged with eave spouts so at any time surplus water may be ran on the pile of manure. If there is enough cow manure mixed with the horse manure, however, it is not nec- is the pl breed, with all the consequent damage which an army of flies can do, and if there are any windows in this manure shed, they should by all means screened. | be solid and fly-tight. | the flies will gather on the screens at the windows whereas if a screen door | is used, flies would gather on the door ;and ag soon as it is opened they flock ' directly inside. It is necessary to have some sort of la manure storage plan and this plan Integer have in mind not only the sav- ing of the greatest amount of the fer- | tilizer value of the manure, but also jthe bettering of sanitary conditions 'about the farm. There is no one nuis- | ance that causes so much trouble as | the fly and since he and his like may 'be "nipped in the bud" by screening in their breeding places, or the ma- nure piles, it would seem that any manure shed should profitably con- serve the liquid portion of the ma- nure as well as providing some means whereby the escaping ammonia gas caused in heating may be retained and redissolved in water. If in addition to this, this shed is by some means or other kept free from flies, we shall have a manure storage that is directly in line with the spirit of the times-- embodying both conservation and sanitation. ' ' (4 4 U /?. v OAS0: Many people who use three-horse teams seldom give a thought to the WOOL' Farmers who ship their wool direct to us get better prices than farmers who g . ecll to the ASK ANY FARMER who has sold his wool iy ways, and note what he says-- | Still, write us for our P: = 3 th Me show you how you lose Sellin, General Store - ahniae We pay the highest f dhuiceteclange patron tted the sam: @ square deal Lalo "4 H. V. DREW. - AN Ss 13 CHURCH ST. TORONTO strain on the middle horse. His posi- tion is the hardest in pulling, back- |ing and turning, especially if he is a }free worker, for many three-horse |teams-are improperly reined, so that | poor control is exercised over the will- ing worker, and the drones are not | made to work into their collars or 'against their breechings and do their | share. | Another great strain on the middle thorse, especially in summer, is the |heat thrown off by the horses on \either side of him. This is severe | where heavy hauling is being done by | free-sweating horses. Much of this 'injustice to the middle horse can be | overcome. Teams should be so handled |by their drivers that "turn and turn , about" is the order of the day's work, and the middle horse to-day is the outside horse to-morrow In this way each horse will have his turn, and the general efficiency of the team will be greatly increased, for too many horses get so used to working on one side of the pole that they are almost useless on the other. on Observant Child. . Teacher.--'What is water?" Willie --"A colorless fluid that turns black when you wash your hands." Oxford is the greatest university in the world. It has twenty-one col- leges and five halls. | |up the house generally, for July is a 'Over 7,200 Customers s ed with Light and Power by the South- ern Canada Péwer Co., Limited, in over 46 Municipalities in the Province of Quebec, and the number is growing dally. In order to supply more the increasing demand for Power, and also to enable this terri- manufacturers to locate in pany has commenced the development of ne of ite large water powers on the St. River Drummondville. This plant will have an ultimate capacity: of 17,000 H.P. to 20,000 H.P. 'i The development of water-powers is a patriotic duty as bi as a commercial advantage, as it saves the importa- ion of We recommend the 6% Bonds of the Southern Canada Power Company, Limited, which we are offeri with a bonus of common stock, thus giving investors an oppor- tunity of partictpating in the future success of the Com- pan y. Send for circular and map showing territory served. BONDS MAY BE FUBCEASED FROM US ON MONTHLY PAYMENT FLAN Nessirtr, THomson & COMPANY Inevstment Bankers Limited Mercantile Trust Bldg. - - Hamilton 222 St. James Street - - Montréal u gy nh ks fy! wert Bs =~) tage i) Hl aged | ih) nla ~~ Ler) int ye. Hs as a summer econom his wife, his son and daughter. FLEET FOOT SHOES will make farm work easier because they are light and springy, and so staunch that they stand up to any farm work. comes. as a welcome comfort as well n y to the er, Their sturdy wear and low price make them the most economical shoes you can put on this summer, for you can have two or three pairs of FLEET FOOT for the price of one pair of leather shoes. None genuine without the name FLEET FOOT stamped on the sole. Look for it. The best Shoe Stores sell FLEET FOOT 2 after that each additional pound will Fs Witearas average about half the cost of the Sweep down the cobwebs and clean first. This makes it more profitable |to grow the youngsters up to roaster size than to sell them as broilers--at least it is so in very many sections The greatest cost in growing chicks is for the first two pounds weight; hot month, and heat and filth make a strong combination favorable to dis- ease and vermin. The work should be| where roasters are preferred. done thoroughly, and the premises | A soft roaster should not weigh sprayed with a good disinfectant. jmore than four pounds when dressed, If summer hatching is not done, the and should be# pely developed in four male birds should be removed from)|to six montho* These are usually the flock and placed in separate quar- | hatched in early spring and sold dur- ters until after moulting. Males that/ing the summer. Roasting fowls are not to be kept for next season had, hatched in summer are classified as best be marketed now to save the feed | "large roasters" and must weigh from and to prevent fertile eggs, for in-| four to six pounds. fertile eggs are better keepers dur-| Two objections have been raised ing hot weather. against summer hatches: First, there As soon as the cockerels start to|is too much danger from the depre- crow they should be separated from | dations of lice; second, the chicks are the pullets and fed all they will eat up | weakened and die from the effects of clean. Those that are not to be kept the hot sun. These objections apply over for breeding should be sold" to. when no care is given the youngsters, make room for the others. All sur-| and would apply equally well in early plus stock should be gotten rid of, for | spring when the days and nights are there is no profit in feeding birds that | likely to become suddenly cold. are not needed. The secret of raising summer chicks July is an excellent month for the, is to keep them comfortable and con- sale of roasting fowls and spring | tented, and to see that they do not chickens. It is the best season to lack anything that is for their good. sell spring chickens. Over-crowding must be avoided, and The drinking vessels should be put the houses well ventila' in the coolest possible placegand the! chicks keep cool at night. ouses should be well ventilated at' air is a great tonic; along with range night. tand shade, green food and sound There is still a good profit in the' grain, it does wonders. sale of dressed ducklings. When all things are equal, summer P hatches can be grown at less cost of Ting over our own influence and turn- mon labor and worry than those' ing others' belief in us into a widely brought out during the winter andj concluding unbelief, which they call early spring. If chicks are provided | knowledge of the world, while it, is with a cool range they will grow with | really disappointment in you or me."-- "Much of our lives is spent in war- surprising rapidity. George Eliot. By Andrew F. question fs of general interest it will if not, it will be answered p Dr. Currier will not prescribe closed. 4 Address Dr. Andrew F. Currier, care Toronto. Have suffered severely, of late, parti- cularly in connection with an attac! of grippe. I desire to avoid an opera- tion, if possible, as I have a weak heart and barely pulled through an- other kind of operation. Is there danger that floating kidney may lead disease? Could the condition be due to strain or injury. W-vuld exercise be beneficial? And whit would hap- pen if it got twisted? Not so much is heard about this condition, as was heard a fen years ago, when it was a novelty. The kidney is embedded in a thick layer of fat which is a very yielding tissue and varies in quan- tity from time to time. If this envelope becomes thin and weak, or is subjected to strains, the kidney may become loose and mobile and the envelope stretched, so that it will wander more and more from its proper site. It may move very little, or it may almost invariably remains extra- abdominal, away from the abdominal organs. This is called movable kid- ney, in distinction from ney, whi is within the abdominal upon its stalk. The latter is a rare condition and at this time. an in mon in women men Dr. Currier will answer all signed | ureter, renal to something serious like Bright's | ° cavity at birth and swings upon its! O pedicle of peritonaeum like a polyp desirable, k need not receive further consideration Movable kidney is much more com-'a floating kidney will , more anything serious? often on the right side than on the' left. } Currier, M.D. letters pretaining to Health. If your it sirige nad ed poss og is : ressed enve en- for individual cases or make of Wilson Publishing Co., 73 Adelaide 'matter for its pedicle containing the and renal vein, /would be greatly compressed, great | pain or colic would ensure, its blood , circulation would be interrupted, the urine could not pass down to the blad- der and the result might be a fatal ne. Fortunately this accident is not of common occurrence.. In addition to pain, this condition is often as- sociated with constipation, indigestion dizziness, palpitation and more or less intense nervousness. It is nota particularly difficult condition to determine, especially if one is accustomed to the !nterroga- tion of the organs of the body. In the majority of cases the symp- toms may be relieved by a well-fitting abdominal belt; but if this does not give relief, an operation may be re- ! quired. | It used to be the fashion to ope- lrate upon every case that came along, but since it was shown by Treves, the } move as far down as the pelvis, but| distinguished English surgeon fwho 'has done more than anybody else to ,inform us in regard to displacements 'of the kidney, that operation was sel- floating kid- dom necessary or desirable, the craze for operating has subsided, perations are sometimes very but one should know when, as well as how, to do them. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Mrs. S. M.--1--Is there danger that develop into Was told by my doctor that if I gained weight and wore an abdominal supporter, the kid- As it is produced and accentuated: ney would return to its place. by strains and injuries, it often fol-| 2--Would playing ball cause the lows the severe efforts of childbirth, 'kidney to be misplaced? prolonged constituation, sudden a Answer---1--You are evidently un- violent muscular effort, or injuries in' der good advice. Continue to wear the region of the loins. your belt and do as your doctor tells It may be free from symptoms,| you, and you will probably get good many people being unaware that they' results. . have it until their attention is called! 2--The kidney might be detached to it In the course of a physical ex-/by violent exercise while playing ball. amination; or it may produce discom-|] can see how that could be possible. In Paddock and Pasture.-- of it is needed. e, The fertilizer shortage is real--not! imaginary. Even at advanced prices, its use is warranted. Get the fertili-) - zer if you can. If it is not to be| Rape seeded at the last cultivation had, keep up the fertility of the land! of corn will furnish abundant nitro- by raising more stock and feeding| genous feed for hogs when corn is more crops to animals. i*hogged" down. By suspending 4 An acre of alfalfa fufnishes twice | tin can with a smaljl hole in it, on as much protein as a ton of~ bran, each side of the cultivator, rape seed four times as much as a ton of corn-; may be distributed in the corn-field meal, and nine times as much as an | without extra labor. From one to acre of timothy, and {t can be growni two pounds of seed to the acre is the successfully. | usual rate. * In twenty-four hours the sweat-| Thousands of horses will suffer glands of the horse eliminate waste) with tender or ecalded shoulders this material equal to that passed summer, and galls will develop later. through the lungs. Never allow the To prevent the galls, get a can of sweat-glands to become clogged with | talcum powder and dust the shoulders dirt and sweat particles for lack of | well before putting on the collars. | adually increase the amoun few days it will be safe er dry. Your druggist will sell you a pound ng A Tarkage, which is composed of the; for about fifty cents, which is very ; This will save many times attention from hog feeders the last; Devices for mixing milk with but- few years. Its composition makes ter to make the latter "go further" good source of protein for use with should be regarded with cautiorf. Such corn in feeding shotes. a product soon becomes sour in warm Cows may have a pedigree a foot weather and wastes the butter it con- long and not have a sixteenth part of, tans. an inch in cream on their milk. ee 'pays the bills. t) pays to find out about that before, To make a shabby-looking wicker | putting good, hard-earned money into, chair look new again, dust well, and | & pure-bred cow. What we want is' scrub well with soapy water. When cream, not simply a big name. Cream! the chair is quite dry again, apply | stain with a fine brush. FUNNY FOLD :UPS CUT OUT AND FOLD ON DOTTED LINES = sen asetescasecea es he 1 oe to milk