; me * pay oh oan J = a: df if n : By Agronomist. This Department Is for the use of our farm readers who want the advice of an expert on any question regarding soll, seed, crops, etc. If your question Ie of sufficient general interest, it will be answered through this column, stamped and addressed envelope is enclosed with your letter, a comple answer will be mailed to you. Address Agronomist, care of Wilson Publishing Co., Ltd., 73 Adelaide St. W., Toronto. . THE LITTLE ENEMIES YOU NEVER SEE. It is important that the barns and! recent years coal tar products sold un- cattle yards be kept clean and san-jder a wide variety of trade names itary to prevent the spread of infecti-| have become popular disinfectants and ous and contagious diseases. What-!are gradually crowding out many of ever measures are taken should be re-| the older products. Some of the inforced by the intelligent use of, cregol solutions are effective disinfec- te| the leaves is the most outstanding chemical disinfectants. What shall: we use? How shall we apply it? There! are sO many new products on the mar- ket that we are likely to lose sight of the virtues of some of the older ma- terials in the maze of new prepara- tants and if made by an honest con- cern can be depended upon to produce satisfactory results. These prepared disinfectants are-cheap and effective agents for use in dairy barns, but on account of their strong odor they should not be used in the milk room and the milk should be taken from the stable very promptly after it is drawn from the cows. tions. Many new products are greatly over-rated because in the hands of a careful user exceptionally good re- sults will be obtained. Some of the No modern disinfectant excels fresh- older materials are discredited because | ly burned lime. According to labor- of being used under improper or ia | Story tests freshly slaked :ime pos- | appropriate conditions. Almost any |Sesses greater germicidal value than substance will give good results under some of the phenol and cresol com- certain canditions when in reality the pounds on the market. _It is import- conditions and not the materials are ant, however, to use fresh, water-slak- unfavorable for the development of ed lime. When slaked the lime should the disease germs. If the substances be spread about the stable floors and favorable as cultural mediums for the in dark places where the sunlight sel- {sease germs are cleaned up before dom reaches. If it is desired to use the disinfectant is applied, an errone-, the lime on the side walls and ceilings, oug impression will be obtained as to it may be applied in the form of white- the germicidal value of the disinfect-| wash and is very effective if properly ant in question. applied. Use the stone lime and wa- ter and apply while the mixture is still disin. | 2°t It is best applied with a spray 'pump. The addition of other sub- Heat and sunlight are the cheapest and most efficient agents for fecting dairy barns and cattle yards. Heat may be used to clean and steri- lize the pails, cans, utensils and man- gers used in feeding the calves and cows. Sunlight will destroy most dis- ease-producing germs if it can get at them. ough clean up will result in a fairly ef- fective disinfectant. e efficiency of the clean up will be greatly increas- ed, however, if the surface of the yard is covered with a light dressing of fresh burnt lime. The use of lime in e yards not only destroys millions of these disease producing germs but it destroys the breeding places of flies and vermin. Of the various chemical disinfec- tants that have been favorably recom- mended only a few meet the demands for efficiency, economy and practica- bility. Probably the cheapest and most effective product at the present time is bichloride of mercury in a dilu- mn partitions because of its dency. This proportion while very effective on clean floors, side walls and partitions is practically worthless unless the organic matter is thor- oughly removed before it is applied. Carbolic acid occupies a foremost position among disinfectants, but it is For the cattle yards a thor- | | stances to make the material stick to the walls reduces the efficiency of the mixture and prevents it from filling ithe cracks and crevices, which are the favorite breeding places for germ life. Before attempting to disinfect the | premises it is important that all loose boards, litter and pieces of organic matter be cleaned up so that the sub- ' stances may destroy all forms of germ life. It is a waste of time and money | to disinfect a barn without giving it a ' thorough 'cleaning before applying the !substances. It is useless to give the ! walls, ceilings and floors an applica- tion, of any material without going over the stanchions, mangers and feed 'alleys with some sort of disinfectant. Nasal passages of infected animals are usually highly infective and there- fore the mangers and feeding racks must be given special attention. For use on the teat cups of milking ine, have a tendency to corrode*the metal and injure the rubber on the cups. Chemical] disinfectants should not be 'depended upon as a cure-all or as a preventative of the spread of all dis- eases of the dairy cow, but used in- telligently they are of great value in far too expensive at the present time, preventing the spread of infectious' to be used freely in the dairy barn.| and contagious diseases and keeping When used in a five per cent. solution | down flies, vermin and foul odors It is very safe and efficient. During about the barns and cattle yards. Sweet Corn and Cows. j Sweet corn and dairying are twin horses on which a number the: of The Safest Investment CANADA'S | 52% Victory Bonds Due 1922, 1927, 1937 PRICE 994, AND INT. Nesbitt, Thomson & Cumpany Investment Bankers, Limited Mercantile Trust Bldg. Hamilton 222 St. James Street Montre FARMERS |! Big Prizes TORONTO FAT STOCK SHOW will this year offer large pre- miums for classes of 3 steers; must be fed ninety days by, owner. Premium List ready August! st, For further particulars write | the Secretary, c/o Union Stock | Yards, Toronto. SMOKE Pe KET TS ORINOCO CUT FINE rOK Cigar. Ttis I _ i i b!? CHURCH ST. TORONTO Raspberry Leaf Curl. "In the interests of market gardeners} and small fruit cultivators, this note on Raspberry Leaf Curl has been pre- pared at the Field Laboratory in Southern Ontario at St. Catharines, and is issued by.the.Ceéntral-Exper mental Farm, Ottawa. This disease' has been kndwn for some time both under the above name, as well as under the name of Rasp- berry Yellows. Since the curling of featifre in connection with the disease, it is preferable to use the term Raspberry Leaf Curl. The disease affects the leaves and shoots and is often confined to a sin- gle bush or part of a bush, some of the shoots being perfectly normal and" Yothers with the leaves affected.. The affected shoots, instead of producing normal large, broad leaves, bear leaves which are conspicuously small and badly curled downwards. In the early stages this symptom is not so_pro- nounced, and while a small amount of curling may occur then, the disease is more noticeable on account of the yel- lowing which takes place during the summer because of the unhealthy state of the foliage. Since yellowing of the leaves may be due to a number of other causes, such as wet feet, poor soil, drought, etc., it is best to deter- mine the disease mainly by the Leaf Curl symptoms. In the advanced stages, the canes bear no fruit. When first attacked, they flower almost normally, but the fruit is small and dry,and shrivels up before ripening, so that little or no fruit is ever produced from an in- fected bush. Of the three varieties which are commonly grown in the 'would suspect that it is carried either ough and Herbert, the Herbert seems to be freest from the disedse.* The other two varieties are quite stScepti- ble, but one rarely sées signs of Leaf Curl in the Herbert. So far as is known the disease is not j_| due_to any. parasitic__organism:-~~It]" apparently belongs to that type of trouble which has been called physio- logical disease, and could therefore be put into the same class. with peach yellows and little peach, and the mosaic diseases of tomatoes, tobacco, potatoes and'so forth. No records are available as to how the disease is brought into the field in the first place, nor how it is transmitted from one plant to another. It undoubtedly does spread once it becomes establish- edin a plantation and many fine plantations are known to have been greatly injured by the presence of a large number of/Leaf Curl plants. If the disease corresponds closely with the mosaic or yellow disease, one by insects or pruning operations. Although too little is known abdut Leaf Curl to advise a sure means of control, one should always remove tne affected plants,as soon as they show signs of disease. They are of no use in any case and are likely to spread the disease to other parts of the plantation. In taking out Leaf Curl plants, one should be careful to get the whole uf rcot system, otherwise) the parts that are left will start to grow and produce new shoots which wil] also stow Leaf Curl. It is pos- sible that some of our Leaf Cur! originates from nursery cuttings and some care should be taken when set- ting out a new plantation, to avoid this isease.--Experimental Farms Niagara district, Cuthbert, Marlbor-| Note. By Andrew F. Currfer, M.D. Dr. Currier will answer all signed question fs of general Interest it will = not, it will be answered persona. clos St. West, Toronto. Dentrifices and the Care of the Teeth. The importance of the teeth is 80 great that every means of protecting them should always be welcomed. Dentifrices do not take the place of ordinary care; they are not a substi- tute for the removal' of those teeth which are hopeless and decayed nor a means for removing food between and around them, which decomposes, and causes decay of teeth, indigestion, of- fensive breath, etc. But when combined with a suitable tooth-brush, properly used, they may help in the disinfection of the mouth, machines the spread of garget among) improve , : the cows being milked a strong solu- cated Ueelneryesn er Leeda: age i aaron r. Liat a " ep pe ere = sass - ena . sults. er materials, s 06 "S| cod ecpouratine #anas' wit ppurating gums' with decay and salt brine, are equally ve but! toss of teeth in Riggs' pyorrhoea ig one of the arguments for their better care and the persistent use of dentifrices. The shockingly defective. teeth in early life among the poor, especially in cities could often be prevented by suitable hygenic precautions, -includ- ing the use of proper dentifrices. People are beginning to realize the important bearing of teeth upon the general welfare. It is impossible to resist disease suc- cessfully when the mouth contains in- farmers have ridden to independence. For the sweet corn there Is a good market at canning factories, often, sold to on contract. The cornstalks| | @re put through cutters and stored in| silos. Other parts of the farm pro-| duce hay for the dairy herd, which in, turn furnishes year-round employment | and year-round income, besides contri- | buting to solve the fertilize: question. John E. Potter was one farmer who! made good with cows and sweet corn. Mr. Potter bought an intervale farm capable of carrying, at the time of, purchase, 12 cows and 3 horses. In six yedrs the same land carried 36 cows and 6 horses, and the retail sales! of milk in town reached 450 quarts a' day. He raised 20 acres of sweet corn. In one average year his sweet corn brought $2,000 n cash, and his! milk $6,000. He doubled his barn room in these six years, built two silos, and cut off 50 acres of woodland for pasture. I Of course, a farming business of this type cannot be built up in every lecality nor by every man. Canning factories are not always close at hand. Mr. Potter's farm was only a mile from town, so that it was possible to retail milk. Moreover, he had lots of push and business ability. Given, the proper business conditions--and | théy exist on hundreds of farms-- sweet corn and dairy cows will make good. / | Fes whe: i irect to us get better prices tham farmers who ecll to the FARMER} both thelr wool Ship as pour: sore thag p H. V. ANDREWS numerable colonies of disease germs, decayed teeth, suppurating gums, de- composing food, together with ade- noids and enlarged tonsils. Poor teeth are said to have em- phasized the pain and distress of many of the soldiers in the trenches in Bel- gium and France, and they have suffer- ed not only from teethache and neural- gia, but from the clumsy dentistry of their comrades. A good dentifrice can be made by any competent pharmacist. It is immaterial whether it is in the form of powder, paste, or fluid, so long as it is good and effective. The pharmacopoelas of the nations of the world show plainly what a good dentifrice should consist of. liy if s p r. Currier will not prescribe for individual cases or make diagnosis. Address Dr. Andrew F. Currier, care of Wilson Publishing Co., 73 Adelaide , Vigorate the gums, something to re- or|sary color and oil It should contain a fine powder of letters. pretaining to Health. !f your be answered through these columns; ed, addressed envelope is en- some alkaline substance, pink, red or lack coloring material, fragrant pow- der to give body to the alkali and in- move stains from the teeth and some kind of aromatic oil to deodorize the mouth and leave a pleasant and per- sistent taste after the dentifrice has been used. Carbonate of lime, perhaps in the form of powdered oyster shells or car- bonate of magnesium or cream of tar-: tar is often used as_ the basis of a dentifrice. Florentine orris root, camphor, myrrh, cinchona bark or sage leaves may be used for the invigorating sub- au t= ae 5* 'ey: 1ten Ueed to. rei sirales ee crdtanl topes Os ener peppermint, cloves or cinnamon for the flavoring. With these substances and know- ing the condition of the mouth in a i case, | is a simple mattey, for a dentist or phar- macist to compound a good dentifrice and it would not be a difficult matt@r for any one who is accustomed to mixing and handling drugs. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Mrs. L. R.--Can infantile paralysis| be cured? My little girl is suffering from its effects for seven years and I have been told by different authorities that it was incurable. Answer--My advice to you would be to take the child to the Orthopedic Hospital.in Torofito and have the con-, dition examined. It is true that many of the cases of infantile paralysis re- main permanently. paralyzed, to a greater or less extent, but an expert jm opinion on the subject would be desir- able for you. L. P.--1. I should think it probable! that you were suffering from some | form of neuralgia. 2. If walking seems | to relieve you, the best thing for you to do is to continue with this means of relief, massaging the feet and legs' regularly every night, in addition to' the walking. FUNNY FOLD UPS CUT OUT AND FOLD ON DOTTED LINES ] foo, each --* wh ew ee ee = je wed a me om Willie wrote a little song, hope somebody buys it; Fold him up and listen while ur young composer trics it Winter's Food Supply. _ The Canada Food Board conserva-| tion Programme has emphasized the; patron can be identified. great importance of drying vege-| An exhaust fan is placed at one end tables, fruits and all perishable foods.|of the cabinet. This fan may be f each community would in fact save | operated by electricity or by a gaso- enough home-grown food to care for) line engine, 'and the air should be the needs of that community, thus do-| drawn through the cabinet at a rapid ing away with the habit of depending rate. The plant is operated by an bered so that the product of each the winter time, it would be a very power or by a_ gasoline engine af THE COMMUNITY DRYING PLANT One Hundred Families-Can by This Means Insure Most of Their upon factory-canned products during! electric motor of two to five horse-_ material aid to the government, re- lieving the burden of transportation and allowing all surplus food to go directly for' export. Aside from the aid given to the gov- ernment by saving in the community | similar power. The end opposite j the fan is covered with ordinary wire screen sc that flies may be kept from the drying fruit or vegetables.' Air | Should enter the cabinet at a rate of ;not less than one thousand feet per the winter's food supply, the pre-| minute and even better results will be servation of perishable products eith-'secured if the speed is greater. A er through canning or through drying 'good test of this air movement is to is highly desirable from an economic' see if a piece of card-board or a straw standpoint. Because of the stimulus given to food production, an ihat can be held against the screen at enor- | the in-take end of the drier by the suc- mous surplus of garden stuff has been' tion produced. , . produced last year and this year. The patrons have their vegetables There is no possible market for this and fruits all prepared when they perishable stuff aside from the local come to the plant. Two or three demand and much of it will necessar- slicing machines are provided for the ily go to waste unless it is preserved convenience of those who do not have for winter use either by canning or, them at home. Every person is urg- drying. ed to have everything in readiness be- In either canning or drying it is fore bringing to the plant, even to the very practical for several families to slicing. club together for doing this work.! A plant such as this has a capacity Equipment can be purchased jointly | of one hundred trays, which will take and installed in the schoolhouse or in ,eare of abont twenty-five bushels of a vacant store or at the home of one green vegetables per day. of the members of the enterprise. A) After drying, the product can be committee can be selected to pur- stored in jars, paper receptacles or chase the equipment and superintend any place where the product will be the work. Where a number of fam-' kept dry and away from the insects. ilies do canning or drying together it No heat is used in connection with become possible to do the work much these driers, although it would be well more cheaply than it can be done in to locate the drier with the open end the individual home and also permits in a room where a fire could be built, a trading of supplies so that each ' so that, if a prolonged wet spell came, 'one at a time. {boy was somewhere in Hele family can have a variety of products. typical drying plant consists merely of a cabinet about sixteen feet long, two feet high and three and one- half feet wide. The top and sides and floor may be made of flooring or ungrooved ceiling or compo board. The top of the cabinet is closed by hinged doors. The cabinet is divided into five sec- tions, four of which are large enough to accommodate two stacks of drying trays of ten each. These trays are of convenient size for community dry- ing, being one and one-half feet wide, three feet long, two inches deep, made of half-inch materia! for sides and braces and peafrl-wire screen for bottom with wire screen at one end. The trays are inserted in the cabinet from the top and may be piaced in The compartments re lettered and the trays are num- the relative humidity of the air could be lowered by the heat of stove or _ furnace. | All manner of fruits and vegetables may be dried successfully if due at- tention is paid to their preparation. Corn, peas, beans, carrots, apples and the liké turn out unusually well. The dried product can be stored in fruit jars, paper sacks or tins. Mois- ture, insects and rodents are the ene- mies to watch for but it is easily pos- sible to avoid them. In_preparing the dried prod&ct for use it {s only neces- sary to soak in water long enough to get back the normal supply. This will depend on the product, soaking over night being the usual rule. en you dry vegetables or fruit in this way all you take out is the water. The food value and the flavor remain. Put back the water and you have the equa} of the fresh product. es PUR ede 4 "1 © gm INTERNATIONAL LESSON AUGUST 4. Lesson V. Christian Growth--Luke 2. 42-52; 2 Peter 1. 5-8. Golden Text, Prov. 4. 18. Luke 2, 42-52 Verse 42. When he was twelve years old}-We so a picture of the a interest the had in the discussions over the la 49. Knew ye not that I must be in Father's house--Literally, "in the ther?" "Why did 'ou fairs were' concerned . They understood not the say- ing--Thus his first appearance at the feast was a marvelous revelation to them of something extraordinary in | im. -* 51. He went down with them, and came to Nazareth . . was subject have no knowledge of ; to them--Here, after all, was the nor- the life of Jesus from his infancy @ mal boy, not puffed up with conceit this period. At the age of twelve the Jewish boy was called "a son of the law" and began his instruction in the law as to worship, fasting, and the like. It was therefore quite in lace that he now should go up with fis parents to the great feast of the Passover, which was one of the three ortant festivals enjoined by @he law of Moses (Pentecost and Taberna- cles being the other two). It was the educational effect of these festivals which was so important to the grow- ing boy, for in them were crystallized much of the real essence of the Jewish faith. After the custom of the feast ;--Meaning that they followed the custom of the annual attendance upon this feast. 43. When they had fulfilled the days--Seven days, according to Ex 1 = leavened bread." The boy Jesus tar- ried behind in Jerusalem; and his par- ents knew it not--Here is a picture of the usual mode of traveling to the feast--in caravans, neighbors and friends moving freely back and forth, and the children probably getting to- gether in groups, among their rela- tives, as they traveled. Thus, as Luke tells us, the parents supposed their in the caravan and did not worry about him. - 45. Returnéd to Jerusalem, seeking for him--A lost child was a serious affair, especially at this time, when great crowds thronged the city. It was an anxious and_ sorrowful time for the parents, who doubtless pictur- ed the disasters which might have be- fallen hi bably means dn the third day. ting in the midst of the teachers--- We may conceive of him at the feet of a teaching rabbi, sitting in their cir- t to conceive of him as on the conversation. 4 mazed at his understanding and his answers--They were the re- sponses of an unusual law," as indicating unusual discrim- ination and spiritual perception for a twelve-year-old boy. 48. Were astonished . . . Son, why hast thou thus dealt with us?-- A natural rebuke that he had not told i ; but considerate and obedient. On the so-called house at Nazareth. to: day is read the Latin phrase "sub- i jiciebat parentibus"--"He was subject _unto his parents." His mother kept all these sayings in her heart--Here, 'evidently, was in Jesus a conscious- ness of divine sonship, the expression of which his parents did not under- tand. 2 Peter 1. 5-8 . we tg Verses 5-8. gett on your part all diligence, in your faith supply vir- tue--Faith as an attitude of the soul is to have certain elements of positive strength in the progressive develop- ment of the Christian character. Vir- tue--The word means literally any 'eminent endowment or quality. In one version-it is used of God to de- od. note his excellences (1 Peter 2. 9) and 2. 15: "Seven days shall yet eat un-" in the Septuagint is used also to set forth the splendor and glory of God (Hab. 3.3). Applied to men it means moral excellence, such as purity, mod- sty. The term "virtues" is thus used by the old: philosophers to de- noté the distinguishing excellences of aman. Peter says in effect, Let your faith be associated with noble qual- ities of mind and heart. Knowledge --This signifies in general intelligence and understanding but here refers to 'moral wisdom which is seen in right living. Patience---The characteristic of a man who is unswerved from his deliberate purpose and his loyalty to faith and piety even. by the greatest sufferings. Godliness--A reverent attitude toward God and a life con- formed to divine ideals. Brotherly \kindness--The love which Christians cherish for one another as brethren; the social bond which connects us as 'children of the heavenly Father and members of the family of God. . --Inadequately in the Authorized Version. we are to have a special regard for the brethren," the characteristic of love is to mark our relations with all mankind;..an-attitude of. good will and benevolence and kind considera- tion for men generally. If these is] =| things are yours and abound---An idle or unfruitful life is impossible if these great qualities mark your Christian character, for they ineyitably indi« cate the spirit of Christ'and a grow~ ing knowledge of him, ---- -- «> - --------- A one to two-year old sod, when much as would manure applied at the rate of 10 to 12 tons per acre. i « ploughed under, will enrich the soil as - e 4