HOW = / THE MEN WHO 'TELL us THE WAR is Like. WHAT Here a Distinguished Special Writer Gives Some Impressions of Old and New War Correspondents. Just like the British Army, of whose feeds he {s the Chronicler, the Bri-! lish war correspondent has his an. | cient and honourable traditions. Loyal-' ty to the ceuse, which is his news-i , paper, and complete indifference to danger in the exercise of his cal @re part and parcel of the traditions he has inherited from the men who created this now familiar type in modern war. 4 Made in Britain. The war correspondent {s an essen- tially British creation. "Bill" Russell, Archibald Forbes, Bennett Burleigh, and George Washington Steevens were the types on which the great Contl- nental war correspondents, such as Luigi Barzini or Ludovic Naudeau, and Americans like Richard Harding Davis and Frederic Palmer, modelled and model themselves. If one reads the lives of these great war correspondents of the past one cannot fail to note that they roe: Top dent, Brotheriood of Locomotive Firemen and E: H, Shearer, Michigan Central Railroad; York Railway; S. J. Hungerford, General a Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Tesloveens nginemen; F'. J. M. aes Depaty P Bot Chief Bratiothond of Locomotive Engineers; D. B. Hanna, Third Deputy Minister, Railways and Canals; J. H. Walsh, General Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen. work for four years which all Canadian Rallways Operated nowadays, stro rd finally did overcome by ¢ Sportation of eis pty cited those to be in reign cauntri Labor Board sessed in common one stri fs an example of competent priory accompanying pho was teristic, a conscientiousness in the tance operatio th r the meeting ween rail exercise of their profession whiclnds blocked or hampered ty labor trouble! | labor leaders and the railway man ready to take all risks, endure all This was the anti-climaz which the/ ers, at which the new Board was Railway War Board, under jf in the service of their w (reading from right to left),--Sir George Bury ¢. wu tom Row (reading from right to left).--S. N. Berry, Vice-Presiden hird Viee-Presiden Menseer, trove to avoid . noe TO ae set nem ae Tg of Railway Eastern Lines; W. V. General" Manager, Canadian that may arise tween the workers and their off- y In the picture edd are shown not I. aly -- senior ex: some of ost powerful "iaber organiza. tions gs the world, but am equal num- er of great railroad managers, {n- uding DOWN TOGETHER Baa handle in future all railway troubles and -will --_-- the scale of wages to 'a loyees, nat | Bir George Bury, the expert lrallway exp re Sseaiegeadieh Canadian Pacific Railway; Geo. K. Wark, Vice-Presi- u eral Manager, Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo RaNwuy; Railroad Telegraphers; §. R. Pa Grae. Ottawa and New. Turnbull, Vice-President, Inter. Government Railways, Eastern t, Order of Railway Conductors; Ash Kennedy, Asst. Grand dent, Canadian Northern Railway; Major G. A. Bell Quebeo Central Railway; James Murdock, Vice-President, operating Vice-President of the C, P, , Acting the raflroads of formed ra of Canada, which will labor McAdoo 147,000 } Masters, the British public. This con- = sctentiousness {s seen right through ' authorities on the spot they knew they the recorda of our great British war gtood a good chance of being sent correspondents, from Archibald Forbes jcme. writing the story of Sedan in the old; The South African War was the last Daily News" office, where he had just war in which war correspondents en- arrived hot-foot from the battle, till he joyed the freedom of the old days. The dropped off to sleep from exhaustion,! motor-car had not then made its ap- down to the gallant Steevens dying so! pearance in war, nor had the Brothers patiently in beleaguered Ladysmith. . | Wright begun those gliding experi- Always Obstacles. ments in Ohio which were destined to | give the world the macvpiene. It was f History. which at! forces were moving, ia a p but not altogether attractive city, ac cording to Mr. William Warfield, moriar. h the fice to put an exclusive "story" on the progress of modern inventions the! , wires in London. world has been drawn closer together. AN L f-Lif The telegraph, the wireless, and the ew eate: @ we telephone, with the seroplane, have wt elie on the et ae war, revolutionized warfare. Ww one accor @ war~corres- when the Prime Minister in Sones | { pondents lifted up their voices pro- can chat on the telephone with the , Claiming that the glory of their profes- Commander-in-Chief of the British ; {on had departed. there is no system of sewerage Armies on the Continent, the move- | e Japanese had made a profound lever, they serve as repositories ments of an army cannot be screened | { ehady. of modern war, and were keenly , all the filth of the houses that t from the enemy unless the absolute alive to the necessity of screening the|on them. They are rarely 80 wid control of publicity and its agents is | movements of their armies from the /that more ae two men gan - . sf-the belligerent Gov- | °Y& of the enemy. They had no use| abre r ie "And caus the paradox bas r. : seen = bat the. ¢ 2 A : . swept away the peso Sige which the | whilst the erent opening battles of the diseases abound. The bic! war correspondents of the past had to Wat on land and sea lace. |breed in the open refuse peat: in as- contend with, so the military censor- Though eventually both sides allowed | tonishing numbers, swarm:over every- ship has perforce placed even greater | obstacles in the way of the war cor- respondents with the armies in the fleld. : the same material as the walls, easily carved gypsum. The streets are narrow and aimless, forming a maze of tangled lanes, ' front, they were always carefully shep-!mon also in Aleppo and Bagdad, an wiv by staff officers. ailment that resembles a carbuncle) t looked as if indeed the day of the !and that persists for several months s- | wae correspondent was over. But it and leaves an ugly scar. 'was not, as the ertginl War was | Opposite-Mosul across the river, are 'eventually destined to prove At the beginning the war corre pondent was nothing better than an unconsidered and unwanted camp fol- | MOSUL, THE MODERN NINEVEH. Mosul, the modern Ninevah, toward ast accounts the British ¥iwho work at describes the town in his book, The Gate of Asia, The houses are built of irregular blocks of stone laid in thick They are usually covered. to be influenced by the character of with a witte stucco, made by burning: the work he does. the local gypsum rock. The roofs, of usually flat, with a waist-high vera but are not infrequently domed. Door | scavengering among gutters Ways are often made of slabs of the | {not exactly the sort of work which one gio nati usually attain' their al- "TAN--AND LIVE LONG. - Depend on the Work He Does. Some people say that tanners, on the ac jis a matter for discussion: } eries certainly do 'live to a green old age usually. It is a remarkable thing to discover how the length of a man's years seems Scavengers, for instance, are among the "long livers." This is a fact both indisputable and inexplicable, for and 'pewera, and such unpleasant places, is Would select with a view to living long. * On the other hand, chimney-sweeps, a rule, do not reach any great age. you notice, you will find that bar- "dl rarely reach more than thirty or otted three-dcore veers and ten, years to Their a axe. 'Think of Palmer- ; &TS &ton, Gladstone, and Beaconsfield--| to mention just three of them. Sedentary workers cannot be com- pared-with gardeners, farm laborers, I STRANGE BIRDS IN AUSTRALIA. Followed in Canadz. It may not be generally known that, whole, live longer than any other class! , certain day is set apart in Ausr: }j0f workers. Whether this is pipet T | and celebrated as Bird Day. On this; There is no dust and no germs. Fresh day the boys and girls of the Com- monwealth receive special instruction with regard to the habits of their na- ive birds and their economic import- ance to mankind. Bird songs are sung by the children on this day and bird stories are told to them,by their teach- ers. A quaint feature of a Bird Day celebration is the bird-call competi- ion, in which prizes are awarded for 3, lows, wild duck, Kukaburras, and other typical Australian birds. Mound building birds that do not sit on their eggs, cuckoos (one of the 14 Australian species of that bird) that actually condescend to lay in their own nests and to hatch their own or | young; birds that ethan Bis saunst Ad so, | mocking | ventrlloguitst 'These are 'gil 'to be found in the bu: The lyre bird, wha curiously wrought tail plumage forecasts his song, is strikingly Loe te Form- and shepherds, wiere length of life is concerned. The latter classes of; Workers, and other similar outdoor folks, including soldiers and sailors, the last vestages of Nineveh capital invariably live long in the ordinary , the bush, the erly more or less charasteristic tunately comparatively rare. Per- haps the most melodious songster of --lweré made for alightin feature of Australia, it is now unfor-! lyre bird is also a hum-, wee os sot hagea ¥ ° SER Re Te gee HOSPITALS IN THE AIR. Famous Scotch Physician Suggests Scotch to the effect hat ellis ma- | chines~ may "be -utilized~ for hospital -- purposes. ; . The surgeon, above ali things, de his Paectaapire Boss pianos for the healing of At high Spang in the ee 'this ideal cond tion-exists. There are no dis- ease germs and there is no dust. Make airp big A aay and table cucane and ther no reason why ke roliers or y ateee per- sons ive treatment - choutd nat not er Lit aloft to be surgical- ly dealth wi Conceivably, they might even be kept there while infect- ed wounds were Mahi if, prov: while to take aboard Grnctine and other supplies. From a physician's point of view, consumption the deadliest scourge of temperate climates, is a preventable disease. But it is not prevented. In the germ-laden air of cities it cannot be prevented; and its cure is difficult largely because sufferers are con- stantly reinforcing themselves, taking into their lungs fresh supplies cf tub- ercle bacilli with the air they breathe. The air we breathe is dirty. If you want to realize how dirty it is, set a glass of fresh water upon the man- tel-piece and leave it there for three or four days. At the end of that time it will-be covered with a scum which, on examination with a mircroc- The Scene of Many Events in Past. The Length of a 'Man's Life Seems to Custera of "Bird Day" Might Well Be Cope, proves to be a mass of I-ving 'micro-organisms, Many of these are | disease makers. Far aloft in the atmosphere there can be no such thing as infection. eir and sunshine are available with- out limit. The conditions, in short, bt hospital purposes are ideally per- fec nr The Scotch physician above quoted is of opinion that at no distant day every city will have its aeriad oper- ating rooms and wards aboard flying machines, this service being establish- ed as an integral part of the munici- pal hospital system. --_--~--. >----_ MISTS IN BATTLE. , Germans Choose a Weather Screett When Starting an Offensive. The first requirement for a German offensive seems to be a weather screen which will hide their movements and ;{ enable them to Pri up cloze to the ~| opposing lines. S screen on oc- casions has been a sn but more usually it is a morning nist. Of course, in military history there pare. many examples in the wars of all nations where attacks were | out under similar screens, Germans have developed this to a sci- ' ence, and it carries a new significance. In modern warfare against trenches, wire -and heavy artillery, with aerial | 'ovision once in a . able, "tion to the enemy in their articles, lower. est of all war correspondents, wag only | telerated with the army in the Crimea owing to the immense personal in- fluence which his great editor, John | Delane, of "The Times,' possessed with the Government of the day. | Every petty annoyance to which an' obtuee and hidebound military bureau- | cracy could subject him was inflicted on this impetuous, generous-hearted Irishman. But nothing daunted him, and when the timo came he .exposed with fearloes candour the disgraceful fucompetence of the military authort- ! ties responsible for the preparation | and conduct tlon. Laid the Foundation. "Bil" Russell broke ground. as the saying goes. A gentleman, e brilliant writer, utterly feerless, with an im- mense charm of manner ze establish- ed for a positic: with the, hk nselt wt eventually overcame all the on which his championship of sosition of war correspondents. mks to him that jn this war of our correspondents at British Generel Meadquarters are supplying with @ regular service of able and ater sting aeecounts of the doings of our soldiers, fin the old: days {he position of a war correspondent with a British army in the Geld depended very large- | iy on the man hipiself, A special cor- respondent who has trayelled much in | out-of-the-way places often finds him- | self thrown torether with a man who! in after years is able, and glad to be ; to hnve the cooperation of his former companion, Thus the reputa- tion of more than one war correspon- cent has been made owing to his friccdehip with one or other of our Eenerais who has given him permission to join his forces and accorded him factiitlcs which qanother man might not 1uve chialned so eggily, 7 The Days of Romance. In those days war- correspondents were free-lances with the army, Many ef them had sufficient knowledge of war to refrain from giving informa- Hea us For the rest it was a matter or honor with them not to abuse the confidence reposed {n them. Moreover, it was fleo a question of expediency; for if thoy wrota azything that was calcu- Sir Willlam Russell, the gre eat- | of the Crimean expedl- | | and you need this med ----- > | LAUGH SOMETIMES | iIn These Anxious Days We Need the | | Medicine of Laughter Levity "and frivolity, especially as ' applied to the grim actualities of the | iwar, upon sober-minded Americans ; who feel that any thought or desire | not centred upon the present crisis of the nation and the world is a sacri- lege, says a United States newspaper. They are right from one important | i; viewpoint, but not altogether right from another. One of the -most famous Cabinet 'meetings ever held in the White House | | took place in the darkest time of the 'Civil War, when, Lincoln gathered | 'with his stern- faced, gloomy secretar- ,ies to transact momentous business. |The President came in, picked up a book by Artemus Ward, the great' humorist, and proceeded to read a chapter aloud. The atmosphere was finished. With a dees sigh, he laid down the | book. "Gentlemen," he said, "wh don't you laugh? With the f strain that is upon me onich! and day, if I did not laugh J i die, win muec as Then he tu: on the tab! it what phe Stanton wards described as near him and drew from | after- the Emancipation Proclamation. The application to the peasant this historic incident and the ¢ of the Great Emancipator need pointing out. SO Before the Charge, The night is still and the air is keen, Tense with menace the time crawls a 128 In front is the town and its homes are seen, Blurred in outline against the sky, The dead leaves float in the sighing | ® afr, Darkness moves like «# curtain rawn, A veil which the morning sun will] ear From the face of death. Wa hi ted to cinburoll them with the military charge at dawn, 'of the second of the world's great em- Way of things, and are frequently as ,orous mimic, and is locally known as' observations going on overhead, the pires. In places, great walls of' the hale at sixty-five as the clerk of forty j the mocking bird. ~The bower bird is | 'mist acquires a high value. 'The en- . city, built of tremendous mass-; 'years of age. These outdoor workers ,;another of rare beauty and unique | emy can creep up unobserved, cut s of sun-dried brick laid on a high,' 'share with medical men and clergy- habit. Its name is derived from its' wires by hand, post machine runs and broad wall of cut stone, are still traces men the distfnction of using nearly ,quaint practice of construcing a' bring up light field pieces within very The city was further protected. ®ll their promised three-score years "bower" or playhouse of interwoven close striking distance of the front by a moat into which the waters of a'and ten--in most cases, anyway. l twigs, lined with flowering grasses defending lines, and nothing but the small river could be conducted. Millers rapcosentt nother class of ,and decorated interiorily with shells,| very highest skill and courage of the |was hewn to a depth of twenty feet, men who are not Ing livers by any |yebbles, and even small 'bones! {d defenders can avert a serious break and a width of fifty yards and, like the {manner of means. But shopkeeping One of the world's famous song- through if the attack is in force. t yw Jonah it has been jealously guarded. ia tall hat lying | a "little white | ° paper." 'The little white Paper was ted | walls, is in evidence to-day. ms to encourage long life. Shop- | sters, the Australian magpie, is, like | As a preliminary to the morning | Two mighty mounds, j mile to the east of the river and some- what more than that distance apart, --, ve principal ruins. The more ja orther is called Kuyunjik, the pmeeril because here a party of Yez- idis, fleeing from Kurdish persecution to take refuge in the city, were over- taken and slaughtered. In this mound Layard foun? 'he re- mair> ef Sennacherib's palace, bulit about 700 B.C. Its finest trophies of j Assyrian art are now in the British } Museum. Layard was followed by th e| equally thorough Prof. King, who has left nothing to be seen of the old | f our suffering soldicry had , tense with angry disapproval at this palace except dust and a single --_ 'And he lald the foundation | apparent levity by the time he had a 'relief, destined, no doubt, t ised for mortar before long. The southern mound covers the; ruins of Esarhaddon's palace. Be- ' cause it is the site of a village in which is the reputed temb of the proph® <& oe Cleopatra's Pearl Most persons know the story -- told of Cleopatra to illustrate her lusur- | ious habits of living, that she diszolv- | in her wine a precious, pearl, No | 'one seems yet to have questioned | what must have been the effect upon |the drink, but scientists scoff' at the a oanibilitg of such solution The fact is pearis are not soluble in wine. The most powerful vinegar affocts them slowly and never entirely dissolves them, for the organic mat'- ter remains behind in the shape of a spongy mass that is larger than the original pearl, -- Hxperts. who have examined the eon sg ey of Spitzbergep have esti- ted that the? contain more than 1,- 000, 100,000 tons of fuel of oe etakla purity, A smell but complete motion Be = Machine which works aytom situated. a, keepers, whether in a large or small the lyfe bird, 9 clever mimic. | way, usually live to a good old age. j : ad LIKE CURES LIKE. Remarkable Recovery of a Shell- | Shocked U. S. Soldier. Many a soldier has been shel!-shock- ' ed in the terrible battles of this war, 'but it is safe to say that few have been ' istarted on the road jo recovery 'in as singular a way as Mr. Waiter M. Jones ' 'of the 698th New York Regiment. While he was in a trencii at ine' | front a shell from the German lines | hic 'close beside him, killing two offi | rs who stood near ond wounding him - lin "the leg. He was removed to a hos- 'pital, where it was found that he could | neither hear nor speak. In hospital after hospital nothing could be done $j er him to restore what had been lost, d he was sent home, hopelessly in- thle for soldierly duties. On the homeward voyage the trans- port was attacked by a German sub- marine, and a lively fight followed. | The soldier was standing near one of {the big guus of the transport when a! shot was fired, and in the explosion | and concussion that ensued, to his | AMazement and delight, voice and! hearing came back (po him, He is at! present in a base hospital, under | treatment for nervous disability, but | hopes for an eur!y recovery and returny to duty, cates tele Useful Canning Booklet The Canndjan Food Board: has pub- His oo rt ay Bgl and useful ing its tnd we g with the subjec of Ny king of vegetable, ee sh. e set of four may i pitined for twenty cents from the nd has pag invented for aievlaying veh in store windows by day or meer" ee oe Provincia} iibiReSates of ie Cevada ¥d Bs fini Re ST = ' s ae ie There. is that giant of the Kingfisher family, the Kakaburva, a bird that laughs and therefore is popularly known as the; "laughing jackass." He is greatly beloved by Australians and is quickly, adapting itself to city life. A curious bird is the Mailee fowl,: whose young are hatched oft fully, fledged and ready for immediate fiight. The parent birds, however, take no part in the hatching process, but depend rather upon an improvised | :incubator composed of decaying vege- table matter, the heat.of decomposi- ;tion being the means of incubation. The gorgeous. honey-eaters blerid perfectly with the flowers :which they hover like beautiful, big butterflies; while the plain "light and shadow" markings of the birds that inhabit the rocks and open spaces, neutralize their effect with their sur- roundings. ---- Sugar Conservation Imperative The Canada Food Board has asked srivate householders of Canada still \further to restrict their pene gry of sugar for personal use |pounds per month per person aa '9 'use .a greater proportion of brow bender The Board also warns against hoarding, as unfair,. unnecessary and contrary to the law. -Thé Cuban crop of sugar has fallen short by 300,000] ns of the previoug estimates; the' American sugar beet crop has alco proved disappointing as has the Louis- Jana cane crop. The recent German driva was a further cause of sugar shortage as a large bect acreage was overrun and many sugar factories opirore™ Thousands of tons of ar have been supk by submarines, n cargo receptly ¢ coast, Conser- is sugar in C moderation, but none for extravagant | use, for wasteful use or for illegal among, mists the Germans appear to-like a 'spell of fine weather, as this enables them to handle expeditiously the im- mense mass of transport which is nec- essary for the following up of the first blow. If very broken weather | follows after the morning mist or fog 'the transport over the shell-pitted area 1 hecomes so slaw that the advance 'slackens and he defenders have time to mass. | In rainy weather over marshy re- gions like thos se of the secend offensive ac ing mist may prevail all day, but ventage of this sereen is i cou stand ed hy the he lding up of trar t over the mud < loughs, This 'delaying effect is intensified by heavy artillery t marrage from the defenders, who aim at wiping out reads and rail- wa Without adequate transport ean edvanee deeply enoygh aterial to make a de- 1' 3. no army with sufficient m | ¢ision possible, From this reading we-can take it | that any German offensive pushed | fo rward in-'wet we cath 1 only have | shallow Be } ti , omy per sists si er it only che ssperate is his situation. z % | Reietreunriean Sails e ee Graw: a Cash Crop | The most successful dairymen have ja system of crop rotation that enables j{them to have ove market or cash crop: ; besides the profit of the dairy. The iducreased fertility that {s brought on ;to the farm from the use concentri- jted feed stuf's more than offsets tho jamount of fertility removed by the ; sale of dairy products. Another fac- | tor is that the same help required to properly conduct a dairy can find the time ontside of routine dairy work to care for a profitable market or cash' crop. a, f A man's ape aay od often gets him inte financial ¢ A baseball a ey lasting, having, stripes of néntesilient ma' wet. sailor the end, has been inate ' or. " s '