When Jean Was Brave. Little Jean Labelle had no mother; she had died eight years:before, when he was a baby. either did Jean have any -playmates--that is, boy Piaymates--for there -was_not another boy within thirty miles. Jean's father was a French-Indian trapper and hunter,,and the school t Jean went to was the school of the woods. This summer he and his father had come up Two-Falls Brook and were building a house of spruce'logs. At least Jean's father was building it. when a cool summer building a little dam of sand and stones he had made a tiny pond in were three shining, which there _gpeckled troutiets.----Up-in the clear- ing Jean's father was putting the last log on the front of the cabin. The three small fish in the pond amused Jean; he lay flat on the sand beside the water with his face close to the surface and watched them. He was about to search for a fat; worm with which to tempt his little captives, when he heard a sound at the cabin that, caused him to rise on his hands and knees. His father was not in sight. There kad been a loud thump on the ground, and then silence. On his hands and-knees Jean waited to hear the sound of his 'net hope to find the settlement. On a For a long time Jean ran down the path. He did not know. how far away Bear Lake really was; he did not remember that many trails branched off from the little path that he was following and that he could and on he trotted into the forest. Once a partridge whirred up from his very feet, and once a fox ran across his path. By and by Jeam came to a stream that rushed and roaréd over rocks and boulders.. The path followed- the bank. He did not remember chat he had ever seen it before. Suddeniy--he~stopped.-and stared across the stream. There on the rocks of the farther side were two figures--a dog and a man with a fish- ater drowned his voice. The man did not hear. The dog, how- ever, suddenly saw him and barked, and then the man-lIgoked across the stream and a: little boy shouted again and Waved Mis arms, and the fisherman shouted back, but they could nct hear each other; and so the 'fisherman began to look for a place 'where he could cross the stream. By jumping from rock to rock, while the dog jumped and swam be- 'hind him, the man succeeded in cross- ing rad. Jane sheteg: ee. The j of the w Pathetic picture of a Frenchwoman harvesting grain in the region of the Somme. She has no housework to-do, because her home has been reduced to a heap of stones by the Germans. Her baby is playing placidly beside her. , i ; " a s sergent, the Italian sergente, comes from the mediaeval Latin word ser- 1 viens; * ' a vassal soldier who seems to have acted as an orderly or striker. Tell this to your sergeant some warm day when he criticises your appearance on parade in his coarse, unfeeling man- ner. It will soften him. It may even melt him. Corporal is derived from the same admixture of the meaning and spelling of the English word corps. in mediaeval Latin meant a chief or commander; hence the French caporal. ing the stream. Jean met him at the bank and tried to exp!ain that his father was hurt back there at the father's axe, but he heard only the cabin in the woods; but he talked a ripple of the brook and the hum of a a qucer mixture of French and In-. busy bumblebee, dian and English that the fisherman After a moment Jean scrambled up, could not understand what he said. It the bank and ran to the cabin. A: was plain to see, however, that some- sight that filled him with fright and, thing pretty bad had happened some- dismay met his eyes. There on the | where, and when, Jean beckoned an ground lay his father, white-faced started back toward the cabin the and silent. On his head was an' fisherman followed, with the dog at ugly wound, and near by lay- the his heels. spruce log. Jean saw at once what, Straight back to the cabin Jean led had happened. In putting that them, and there they found Jean's heavy timber into place, his father father still lying on the ground mo- had slipped; the log had come down tionless and white-faced. The fish- and struck him a glancing blow on the'erman seemed to know just what to ead. do; he got water from the brook, "Father! Father!" cried Jean. Me But there was no answer; and sud-' got him into a comfortable position. F i a silent and lonely than ever before.! opened his eyes and tried to sit up, Again and again Jean tried to rouse but sank back and put his hand to his his father; he even put his lips close! head. Soon, however, ha was feeling to his father's ear and whispered,' better, and after a while 'the fisher- "Please wake up; I'm going to cry;|man made o bed for him and bound up nlease_onenvorr-eves."" ____-_._. __L his bead with clean Raneneremieaas... Te was all in vain. Jean sat down| heat evening Jean's father and cried, and let the tears drip on his brown shirt. But presently he, were cooking the trout, wiped' away the tears with his bare half-breed and his big The littl ell yiare ~~ jt ' = fies one who is appoin asleep while Jean and the eager tend or preside, specifically tho aad new friend Origin of "Brigadier." | Brigadier is of course from com- mon stock with brigade and means a brigade's commanding officer. The source of brigade is the mediaeval Latin noun brigada, from the Latin verb brigare, to contend. Brigand is an offshoot. Do not remind your brigadier of this; it would be unkind, also untrue. (Should you run across the German equivalent of a brigadier go as far as you like.) The Italian word is brigadiere and for brigade, birgata. A brigade is a party or di- vision of several regiments, squad- rons or battalions. Adjutant is derived fairly straight , from the Latin.verb adjutare, to aid, d and its primary meaning denotes a regimental staff officer who assists the colonel in the discharge of.details. It has been borrowed from the Ger- 'man quartiermeister. The Swedish form-is qvartermastare. ., Provost (French prevot, Italian pre- VOGCO)... BID PSE > syweitr 1'to superin- the army police or other discip- linary forces. R H ' 24 . . . . hands and tried to think of some-| slept side by side that night with the | Admiral" From Arable, Not! Lathe thing useful'to do. | dog at their feet. He was unable to rouse his father; was Prince. The dog's name he needed help, but where in all that great woods could he find it? Lonely and swamps and streams surrounded him. Could he find anywhere in all that wide and silent land the help that he needed? He thought of the little trail that wound in and out through the trees for thirty miles before it came to the settlement at Bear Lake, and suddenly he made up his mind that he would go down that long path and get help. He turned and, with heart beating fast and a big ;lump sticking in his throat, trotted away from the cabin. In the morning, much to the sur- the fisherman, lakes, stretches of dark forest, hills' Jean's father was the first one up.| His head was sore, he said, but other- He was) stranger and) jprise of Jean and wise he was as well as ever. very thankful to the strar very proud of Jean for bringing him. man helped Jean's father put the la stream. hing that ging his tail. When the sun was high, the fisher' mara, fo perfectiy goed Arwile ie h¢é log on the cabin; then he and Prince 1 said good-by and went back to the Jean stood in the path and never stopped waving his hand until they were out of sight, and the last e saw was Prince wag- cCco™~ 'Colonel' Is a Column Leader. The Spanish for colonel is coronel, e Italian colonello. The Spaniards originated the word 400 years ago and seem to have made it by combining the sense of the Latin columna, @& column, with that of corona, a crown. We follow the French spelling, but in) pronouncing we retain the Spanish R, | hence 'kernal," as we say it. Literally | it means the leader of a column or of the company at the head of the regi- ment in column. Major, like mayor, is from the Latin word major, greater, the comparative of magnus, great. The French for The titles of rank and command in! the same adjective is majeur, the It- most armies and navies either have! alian maggiore; mayor, by the way, been slowly evolved by service usage|js the Spanish form. A major is | or else when the rank was created the |"preater" than a captain, but less | word sprang full armed from the brow than a lieutenant-colonel. He is the of some monarch or statesman rin | Ce field officer. ORIGIN OF MILITARY TITLES REACHES FAR INTO THE DIM AND DISTANT PAST. Many Army and Navy Titles Have Come by Slow Evolution From the Latin. was better in his own line than in| Captain through the mediaeval etymology. Not much~system-runs Latin word capitanus, meaning pretty through these titles. Their resigna-|much the same thing, goes back to lions of grades have small connection | the Latin caput, capitis, which means 'with the original meanings of their;Head. In other words, the head man. parent. words. Hetman has a similar derivation. Marechal, which is marshal, is the Meaning. of Lieutenant. highest rank in the French army.| Lieutenant is spelled alike in Eng- Field marshal in the English and Ger-/ lish and French. The Englishman man armies corresponds, but with re-| pronounces it "leftenant.' The Italian gional limitations; there may be more} word is locotenente, and there you than one at the same time. The Span-| have a glimpse of the derivation from ish or Portugese is niarisal, the It-|tho Latin locum tenens, holding or alian mariscaloxthough the army of |acting in the place, presumably of neither country has the rank. some one else. The short of this long is that a lieutenant originally was the All these words are derived 'from the Anglo-Saxon marah, a horse, and| deputy or representative of his sup- scalh, a servant, which is Anglo-Saxon | erjor officer. or Gothic. That is, a marshal was} Combinations of the word, such as once a horse boy. eutenant-colonel, mean an cer General, the noun, and the adjective general, the antonym of particular, go back to the Latin generalis, mean belonging to a race or kind, and i tracing to genus genera, from gigners, _to beget. Generalis in Caesar's ee ah , by the way, the pean, Heytenant-colonel opimander of a re Pompey's day had nothing to do the army; the Roman gen imperator. The title general {ly means an officer holding a gen Sor ma: There is a popular misconception 0 the source of the word admiral. Many {people think it comes from the Latin ladjective admirabilis--wonderful, am- azing--as "admirable' does. The fact is that the source is the Arabic word amir or emir, meaning ruler, comman- 'bases with the Arabic article al, which usually has the force of "of." Amir-al- ruler of rulers." Caporali3, tery panish word is almirante, the The S Italian ammiraglio. the. raising--of--eattle--which-can-- e 1 or] P ice to the word admiral! driven for long distances to a ship- | éxample 80 originally meant much what it does when prefixed to president. Rear admiral, the grade next lower, appears to 'have been a pure invention, as a namé, -Rear is the English adjective, thé antonym of front or van. Commi and commander are forms borrowed and corrupted from Latin word as captain, but with an-| the Spanish comendador, a knight, a commander, or the superior of a mon- The French have the word commandeur, the Italian comandatore, Commandant, however, meaning the officer of a fortified town's garrison, &c., comes from the mediaeval Latin commandator; a commander, and com- mandare, to command. Ensign goes back to the Latin insigne, a. standard, by way of in- signis, meaning distinguished or re- markable. A rank of ensign existed in the British army till 1871, when its title was changed to second lieutenant. ----___ .__--_----_ To Mill Mixed Grains Im order to save for human con- sumption the large amount o/ wheat jand barley which have been grown this year in many parts of Ontario, and thus to relieve the deman! on , Wheat, mills are being preparcd,under ,the direction of the Canada Food , Board, for. milling such mixed grains. | Fall wheat was partly winter-killed in cer districts in Ontario, and it r As a result, many farmers will have. mixed barley and wheat, | wi cannot easily be separated com- mere: except at undue cont, ' si fandardaiz ne Tou nu-' f d from these mixed grains,and to give it.official recognition as a sub- stitute for wheat flour. The aggre- gate production of these mixed grains is @stimated at about 1,000,000 bus. ----_--__o--_--- Keeping a man's nose to the grind- stone doesn't sharpen his wit:. Biackleg, a disease at'«cking pota- toes; and which is quite new in those parts, is reported in a few fields in of "Washington. And he answered, Fear not: for they that. be with us are more than they that be with them.--II. Kings, vi., 16. . The prophet's servant could r .< fig- ure it out. It seemed to hir. chat he and his Master were in a hopeless minority. But when he got his eyes opened wide enough to see the unseen | S8ying and discover the invisible host fear faded out and a great confidence pos- sessed him. In this world war we are prone to think only of the armies we can count; and he is a fool who would dis- credit them. We must continue +o speed up every effort to match force with force. It is marvellous what has already been accomplished. France's slogan in this war is:-- "They shall not ass"; Britain's "They carmot win"; and America's, "Never again!" The Hun shall never again threaten civilization. That is what Canada too is saying in every powder plant and shel! factory and munition works It is the cry ringing on our ar ils, pounding in our shipyards, puy.ing in our victory motors, <choing 1 our army camps and roaring on our bat{lefront. Never again! - There must be no let-up in our ef- forts to rush every atom of force we can muster into this great conflict. . But we must not forget that we have more than force. Time is fight- ing on our side. Every day that slips by shouts back, "Victory!" as its face fades out of sight. Forces Aiding Us Nature {s with us. There never was a time when we needed to grow such crops, for we must feed al] who fight for freedom, and the fields are loyal. Nature seems to be saying to the flag:--"I am wth you in this war!" The soil from whose fertile lap the crops spring, the rains from eaven and the sunshine, the gol arvest flelds and the green rows you have bread enough and to spare!" Providence seems to be on our side, THE WEEKLY SERMON too. Was it accidental tha: he Piave, like ancient Jordan, flood at the psychological moment? This is no reflection on the splendid fighting of the Italian army, but as river came pouring down into the Venetian plain the river seemed to be i to its people:--"'Let me get into this battle, too, and have a hand in-driving the insolent foe from the fertile valleys whose thirst I have watered since first God made the world." These are Our Unseen Allies The righteousness of our cause is fighting for us. "Thrice is he arm- ed that hath his quarrel just." When 'we think of the torpedo that sunk a mercy ship our souls are fierce with a rage that makes the arm strong and the: sight clear and every shot straight. edealism of our Canadian sol- diers 13 2 part of our invisible re- serves. They are baptized with fire from on high. e size of a sol- dier is not the size of his gun but of his soul. We have sent and are sending big men to France. There is something back here at home that is fighting on that far off battle line. Toa question as to why our men are such fighters a general said:-- It is the tradition of the Canadian mother." All of reverence and honor and love of fair play, of re- 8 jor women and regard for the sanct {ies of life drives as the khaki gets into action. . The unity of great hearts is in our ranks. Hate isa poor binder. It is love that binds the Allies. "I must believe that God Himself is still in ac- tion for all whose cause is rightedus and that He not only fights for but ' e armies thus reinforced. He q sier halt the tides or drag the stars from their sockets.--Rev. James anaemia a '|from the-railway- station and the ADVANTAGE OF GOOD ROADS' Oy] Add to Value of Farm Land and Im- the aver- ndaians Tage selling price of land has been in-}_ - creased about $6.48 per acre by im-| MANITOBA OFFICER SET AN IN- proved roads. The Indiana -EXA estimate that improvement of all! vedas "ee would increase average land | values $9 per acre. They estimate also, the average animal loss due to poor roads at 76 cents per acre,which capitalized at 6 per cent., } a depreciation of $12.67 per acre. | Another enquiry, carried on by the | Numerous stories are coming to Office of Road Inquiry at Washington, hand of individual gallantry and in- reste that the a in a ae Itfative in the field during the resent ue good roads ranges thom j ting east of Amiens. A Manitoba. $20 per acre. Nothing can show better battalion was held up in the attack on eae' these sere how valuable an Fonquestcourt, which lies within the asset gbdod ro are. old Somme defences, and was 'sery One of the first -- the aden strongly held by an elaborate trench ive p er a farm wan © system of machine guns and wire. know about a district is the distance | Realizing, however, that the capture jot the stronghold was essential to suc- character of the road from the sta-'cess of the entire operations, the tion to the farm. Some branches of commanding officer collected all the agriculture are much more dependent | men available and personally led a upon good highways than others. The | dashing assault into the heart of the man who is engaged exclusively Notable Achievements of the Various Canadian Battalions Will Go Down to History. be {Ted this through the streets, and his inspired all ranks that ping station, is, in. a measure, in-; their advance was irresistible, and af- dependent of the condition of the, ter the village had been mopped up roads. The grower of corn and any , the battalion consolidated a position other crops which can be stored for | to the east. and held it against all a time without deterioration, can, counter-attacks for two days. manage to get along, even though; Central Ontario Distingulshes Itself. the road to his shipping point be im-| A Central Ontario Battalion did passable at times. He is greatly! equally good work in front of Beau- hampered, however, by the necessity | court on August 8. The cavalry had of doing his hauling in good weather} been held up here by converging regardless of, market conditions and | machine gun fire from the south of the ; tions are seriouly retarded by the and cast. The battalion was similarly }absence of himself and his team. For held up, but its commanding officer 'the dairy farmer, the fruit and vege-' realized that the key to the position table grower, and for the produccr of was a smail wood to the north-east, 'which was alive with machine guns. ee ee eee ee in; enemy position. A tank coming up, he. of whether or not his farm opera-; Roye road and the woods to the north - It | wider perishable commodities. of all kinds, abi at all seasons of the year and in all dispensable to success. For all kinds of general farming, therefore, a go: country highway is essential te wn: most profitable operation of tiv farm and to any considerable develope- ment of agriculture at a distance from a market town or shipping station. Other advantages it confers are bet- ter school facilities for the children, better rural free delivery service, greater attractions forpleasure seek- ers and touring clubs, better atten- dance at country churches and an improved social life on the farm and in the villages. Primarily, the benefits. of good ¢ da i ies one of the greater a! for pleasure - advancement, and Farmers Associa- tions, Good Roads Committees, Auto- mobile Associations and others can do much to further this work. eer pennies ility to get his products to market | afforded by a burning tank, he led in kinds of weather is undoubtedly in-;a hast!!;-collected party and rushed Taking advantage of the smoke screen the wood, capturing sixteen machine guns. The battalion then took the town with a dash, the enemy retiring routed. Very brilliant work was done by the scouting officer of a British Columbia regiment throughout the operations of August 8 to 10. On one occasion he single-handed rushed an enemy ma- chine gun which was holding up the advance. He shot two of the crew | and took the other two prisoners, but 'receivied a severe wound himself. i These cases of single-handed at- tacks on machine gun positions are by no means rare. The corporal of a Western Ontario battalion on August its, 9 worked his way up a disused trench to an enemy machine gun post, which and | he bombed, killing two taking four th Mm on the Petrenting enemy. Devotion and Courage. - Throughout the battle signallers did splendid work by pushing ahead their , lines of communication and maintain- enabling the latter to make the dispo- THE VALUE OF WHEAT sition necessary to success, and £0 rapid was the advance of the Canadian forces in the early stages that this a Haugry World. Seng hoo fips Bes series *s ae of . an er a on is a typical case. The vegetable - Keeton has the; This signaller was one of a party re- aa ace oat foie bag roth sponsible for the maintenance of the b bread alone," it is an madoube H brigede: signe) Ce ae eet chat wectai <iettienting would | was pirinnasere in the front line, work- wae i ,ing under heavy shell and machine find it difficult to get along without: gun fire. His devotion and courage "et a a wtih fl were an inspiration to the rest of the : | party. wheat approximates 4,000,000,000 bushels aw year. It would take 4,- } 000,000 of the largest freight cars, | | ing constant touch with headquarters, | What. Russia's Defalcation Means to Very valuable work was done by re gimental intelligience officers. Such was an officer of a Quebec battalion ' one and a half times around the earth, | 'to move this great annual yield. Mov-! ' ing at twenty miles an hour, this train| en point. ; | 'Take Russia, for instance. She has} 288,000,000 acres of excellent wheat land. She was the greatest exporter 'of gran in the world before the war. | 'It is to a great extent because of her' ' defalcation that wheat is so scarce to- day. It is estimated that only one-| third of her crops have been put in, this year, while. hunger grows apace among her people. WHY SUGAR IS SCARCE ! ee French Refineries Were D®Stroyed by Retreating Germans. Here is one of th reasons why sugar is scr v---and es- | pecially in F- | | Sugar pr France has, | fallen to * per cent. of the | pre-war _po. vecause in the early 'days wi the war. When the Ger-| man troops wer retreating from oc-| cupied portions of France, they took) | pains to destroy virtually all of the) sugar mills that would have assisted | | the French to maintain the'r -ugar stocks. - During the yer 18, 218 French mills turned os. -7,440 short tons of sugar. For 1916-17, 65 mills produced only 204,495 short tons. To further complicate the French sugar situation the yield per acre of sugar beets decreased from 13.30 short tons per acre in 1912-13 to 11.70 short tons per acre in 1916-17. ; If it had not been for the assistance given by the North American contin- ent the majority of the French people would be going entirely without sugar at the present time. The Cuyate--'Have you heard that Fred Sandy has got the C.C.?" Vil- age--"Oh, lawks! I 'ope it ain't catch- : : : reached, making a train reaching more than' who established his observation post with the forward companies and thence directed his snipers where they were able to inflict very heavy casual- tthe swollen torrents of that patriotic' would take thirty days to pass a giv-' tres on the enemy and put several ma- chine guns out of action. Deeds of Nova Scotians. *Men of the Canadian Royz! Engin- eers worked continuously throughout the whole battle, repsiring broken wires under heavy fire. One of the most notable exploits of the battle was the establishment by tho observation officer of a Maritime battalion cf his post in a house at, Quesnel. While the enemy still held the village. he was able to direct a devastating flre upon them, contributing' materiailly to their defeat. Some wonderful deeds are related of a Nova Scotia battalion which was set one of the hardest tasks of the battle. In front of Rosieres, on our left flank, there was a perfect laby- rinth of macliine gun nests, making ,the advance of the infantry very-dif- ficult. During and initiative, however, on the part of company commanders and all ranks cleared fhe way steadily and with a' minimum loss until this very strong point was captured. --$_-- a Our War Aims. Great Britain went to war with a heavy heart but with a high con- science--in defence of those interna- tional. engagements on which the civilization and the peace of the worid depend and because of the violation of a treaty to which we had been a party equally with Prussia--a treaty which the German Chancellor admit- ted it was a crime to break, and for his crime offered the slave's excuse of necessity. All this is clear. Let us not forget it. Let not the excite- ment and the horrors which have hap- ned since, and must happen still, eafen our ears and hearts to these fundamental reasona for cur engage- ment in this war. No mourning for gacrifices, however costly, must muf: ing. My Bert's in the same regi- ment." ' 5 fle the original conscience af our var, N