4 AN IRISH CAPTIVE'S FATE The secon} aera enid: "J did not act see Private posta ap aha shot, path bs saw him ly- the bottom of the stairs about \ . ' British prisoners of war interned at -yifle and shot the other down. Noting SHOWS THE BITTER HATRED -_ THE GERMANS Pte. Sullivan Brutally Murdered by Hun Guard, Who Received Praise For His Merciless Cruelty. German crimes are of such every; day occurrence that their lesser bru talities are apt to be passed over without comment, but for sheer cal- lousness the murder of Pte. J. Sulli-. van, of the Irish Guards, will always! be remembere Sullivan, who was taken prisoner at Ypres during the early part cf the | war, was transferred in June, 1915, to the camp at Merseberg, and was, in company with other prisoners, em- ployed*at work on the Hackpfoffel estate. His death on July 28 was duly reported in the official list by the German Government, who gave no 'cause for it. This would be taken to indicate that ae had died a natural death. f On August 4, however, there ap- peared in a German paper, the Lue- becker, Volksbote a report that two Hackpfuffel, near Sangerhausen, had attacked the sentry with spades and that the latter had warded off one man by a blow with the butt of his this paragraph, the British Foreign Office, through the American embas- sy, demanded a full explanation from the German Government, and the fol- lowing is the official German reply: "On July 5 28, at about 5.20 a.m., the German guard ordered seven English- men from the camp at Merseburg, | who were employed on the pees fel estate, to go to work. The Eng-) lishmen were unwilling to go before | 6 o'clock, but after being told three of four times all went except John Sullivan, who at last attacked the guard and tried to snatch his weapon from him. The guard, forced by nec- essity, fired on Sullivan. The bullet passed through his right breast and severed an artery, and he died on the spot." Falsity of Story Evident. No mention of spades is made here. Nothing is said about the second Bri- fish soldier, who, the German news- paper alleged, also attacked the sen- try and was knocked down for his pains. Volksbote and the German official ex- planation do not tally. But it mat- ters little, for both were lies. The truth has now been given us by two repatriated British N. C. O.'s fellow prisoners of war with Sulli- van. To avoid any exaggeration or distortion of the fact these witnesses were beth sworn, and their state- ments taken down most carefully on oath. Here, in the' principal witness's own words, are the revolting details of the crim2, and of the heartless manner in which German civilians mocked at the funeral: "J was a prisoner of war in Merse- burg Gofangenenfarer in the Mag-} daburg (Fourth Army. Corps), com- | mander from October 19, 1914. On July we were sent from | our : lager to a farm. . We! were told by th> captain of é our - com- | pany before leaving the lager that | we should only be employed on very | light work from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m, On; the first morning we were roused at 4, ant marshel! to cornfield, t a.m. a where we worked until 6 p.m., whe we marched back te the farm in an! exhausted condition. This went on every day until July 28, when, being |" on roused from our beds at 4 a.m., we informed the German sentry that as! the captain of the company had told us that the work would be from 6 a.m., we should not begin any earlier. The sentry and the other sol- | cier fixed their bayonets. Brutal Soldier Praised. | e senior sentry in charge then) : me a brutal blow in the face,' so the remainder of the prisoners thought if better to proceed to work an! filed out, leaving me alone with Private Sullivan. He kad been badly wounded and had lost the whole of his second, third and fourth fingers and half « f the first finger of the left hand is hand was also bleeding when he was at crork. The two sen- tries kicked ana™beat us with their Lin out of Rare passage as far as where Private 'ose them his handand trying to explain, ' impossible for him to it work with a scythe in his wounded Was condition. The sentry at once put: his rifle up and shot Private Sullivan: through the chest. Private Sullivan, fell withovs speaking, and the two sentries at once reversed their rifles and placed the butts between Private Sullivan's In this way they levered him up and threw him down the stnirs, where he fell on the land- ing at my feet. He raised himself on his hands and knees, look- ed at me, smiled, and collapsed with- out speaking. was not per- mitted to assist Private Sullivan in any way. He wns left on the Spe alone until he died. » 6 5a the Ge rman officer shake hands with th soldigr Who wi withess then goes on to des- cribe how he and another soldier dug a grave for the murdered ighcias. how "ubout fifty people from the Hackpfuffe] distric Agee thé eral, jaughing, talking and occas elly bursting inte loud roars of lang ter. legs, The story of the Luebecker " -echoes repeated * lin his "Lullaby of Charles the Fifth": in about a f "cushy" one. But tience, and "carries bet »"HUNS UNNERVED | BY BRITISH STUNTS HIGH SPEED RE DUCED TO FIGURES itera meee: afterward. ; WIN THE D. Cc. M. received attendance of | any oe tee - Ly See etna ' ee ryt c. di Are. DBD. tod Fam the evider co a the orig witcaas sas SCIENCE AND COMMON SENSE Gallantry in Action. regards the funeral of Private Sulli-, van. The unseemly conduct of the on- lookers . . - absolutely disgusted myself and my Gavilan So THE AERODROME POLICEMEN Duties of the Watch-Officer Are' Ardu- ous and Nerve-Wracking. The duties of the aerodrome watch- officer of the Royal Air Force gener-| ally commence at noon and continue until noon the following day. Having duly reported at the station squadron office he is presented with a telescope for the purpose of identifying distant machines and with a red band adorn- ing his right arm he sallies forth on his job. When a machine arrives from an- other aerodrome, the watch-officer is the one who officially receives it. He must obtain the pilot's name, the aero- drome from which he started, type of machine fiown, time of arrival, and any unusual event that may have oc- curred during the filght. This duty must be carried out at all hours. He must note and report all irregu- larities in flying. Should a machine "take off" in the wrong direction or fly contrary to the rules of the air, it must not pass unrecorded by him. He need not be everywhere present to discover such delinquents, as in- formation is often forthcoming by vari- ous flight commanders pointing out illegal performances of machines other than their own. One flight commander, possessed with this friendly tit-for-tat spirit, drew the attention of the watch-officer | to a machine of another flight flying through a formation of his machines. On investigations being made it trans- ; pired that the machine in question was observing for ground strip signals, and was, therefore, flying the proper course, whilst the formation was not only flying: over forbidden territory, but was also a thousand feet too low. licnce in this. case the flight com- mander would have saved himself by remaining silent. The most trying part of the watch- officer's duty has to do with crashes. When a machine "goes west" he is the only officer on the aerodrome who is vested with power to visit the scene of disaster, and at the inquiry which follows he is often an important wit- e ' ' | | It does not follow that because he can visit crashes, his nerves are al- ways being tested by harrowing sights. It is often the reverse. Such was the experience of the watch-officer who arrived in time to extricate the pilot out of the debris, and who facetiously remarked, as he lit a cigarette: "Well, this is the end of a perfect day!" In flying weather the duties of a watch-officer are arduous and trying, } and it is with a sigh of relief that he! hands over the red band and telescope, | writes out his report. and inwardly | hopes it will be a long time before his name figures in orders for the job | again. SN ee - A STIRRING WAR CRY | Italian Airmen Combine the Cries of , Crusader and Huntsman. "Bja! Eja! BEja! Alala!" is the wari ery of the Italian aviators, adapted by the poet and daring airman, Ga. | briele d'Annunzio, from a war ery cen-| turies old. The early French Crusaders used as their marching crder the single word, Outre," meaning beyond or further ~in brief, forward. This was taken up by their Itallanecomrades as "Out- reja' or "Ultreja," and this in turn was shortened to "Eja."". For centuries thereafter the call of Italian sentinels at night was "Eja, vigila!" and the 'Eja vigila!"" (The j is, of course, sounded as y and the call fs thus pronounced "ay-yah"). | The second word of D'Annunzio's bate cry (announced "Ah-la-lah,." | ith the accent on the last syllable) is simply the immemoriai hunting cry! common to many languages. "Hallali!" | was the old French form and "Halli- | lo!" and "Halloo!" and the "vieun hal- loo" are, of course, familiar to the | English; from which indeed the uni- | versal "Hello!" of the telephone cali. There are those who would derive this - 'from the ancient Tie alg w "halal," meaning to shine. whence "halelu" or _ ye," and tin 'ly: hallelu-Jah," 5 "Praise ye Jeiovah.' This indentl- ne ation of a religious ejaculation with a hunting call may be fantastic, but of the hunting call itself there can be no question. It has long been as fam- iliar to Italy as to.France and Eng-; land, as witness Carducct's use of it, Hallali, hallali, gente d'Asburgo, Ad una caccla eterna con te'surgo. Thus Capron's flying squadron to- | day strike terror to the heart of the two-headed eagle of the Tedeschi with the conjoined cries of the Crusader and the huntsman, "Eja! Eja! Eja! Ajala!" ----_4---_--____ Heroic Typists. A war-worker returned from over: who falter at a SE 8 the typists | gets--squares of car : loose. IN ARMY METHODS Putting a Whole Battalion Through = Musketry Course in Fortnight Not An Easy Task Come into these yellow sands, hard by a little township "somewhere" on the East Coast of England, and you shall see how musketry instruction and work is done. Here is a squad of "rookies," loosed off a weapon more lethal than the popgun of their childhood; with them are two practical experts--an officer and a N.C.O, "miniature" rifies--a aspect, which, fhowever, shall roar true as greatly as the said popgun. A boarding is set up at 25 yards dis- tance from the firing-point, and thereto are nailed six regulation tar- ardboard exhibit- ing an inch "bull" and = rings-- inner, magpie, and oute Training As It Showa Be. The squad is divided into sections of six, and the first takes its place in the firing-line, each man being allot- ted one of the numbered targets. He is provided with six innocent-looking cartridges, and instructed how to lie prone on his stomach, and yet be casy and comfortable, how to grip the wezpon, and how to "loose off" with- out a spasmodic jerk. He is also shown how to use his eye, so that the foresight is just discernable in the "V" of the backsight. At first he "pulls" on a blank cari- ridge to see if he is steady, If he is not, the operation is repeated until he is. Now, when he comes to a live | cartridge, it often happens that he has visions of a kick, and, consequent- ly, when, after careful aim, he press- es the trigger, it is with such a nerv- ous jerk that the muzzle of the wea- pon buries itself in the sand, necessi- |, tating a "pull through," and the tiny bullet goes wide of the mark. Some of the men may be practised | shots, and they make light of this. - camouflaged rifie-play; but a weari-_ ness of spirit overtakes the instruc- | tors as regards other units, who, time after time fail - pass the test. These are now taken to the rear, where a rifle is firmly fixed on'a tripod with the sights precisely aligned on the} f a sheet, about four yards More Haste Less Accuracy. The officer instructs the man to) look along the sights, N.C.0.. ing a thal dise about 2 inches diameter, perforated in-the exact cen- tre. Then- the "firer" has to direct | the N.C.O. to move the disc until its centre is covered by the sighting. When he thinks he has a correct alignment he says "Mark!" and a pencil,inserted in the central perfora- | tion, shows if the said alignment is correct, or if not, how much it is out. | When our rookie is proficient -- in "drawing a bead," he is taken back to the miniature range, and will probab- ly find the target sufficiently often to justify his introduction to the rifle- 'range proper T he course to be pursued now is fairly exigent, and the instructions, according to the text-book, are meti-' , culous; but when a range is shared by? two or more battalions and a regi-} ment of yeonanry--reduced to push bikes--whose C.O.'s are being hustled by Brigade Headquarters to hurry their menthrough in an almost im- possible space of time, much of this kard and fast business has to be "scrapped"--it becomes a-"'wash-out." What Was Wrong? Now here is where the practical instructor comes in, and even so he ond his satellites have their hands | full in their endeavors to teach the young idea how to shoot; for your service rifle has terrors for the neo- phyte that the "miniature" never held, ter fact, the former, if properly handled, has little or no recoil. It may happen that the pressure on time is so severe that some men have to be sent on to the range without preliminary pre- paration with the miniature rifle, and these may prove a sore tribulation to the instructors, One such was banging away merr ily, without raising any ackoontede- ment from the markers, and even ! field glasses were unable to see what billets his bullets found! "Begga pardin', sir, is somefink wrong wiv this rifle!" "Here, let me have a go!" And the captain lies down by the man's side, fakes a quick, steady aim, and lets: Next moment up comes the white disc, signifying a "bull" on the | figure "Nothing wrong with that, my lad! Let's see wha: you are doin Tke unfortunate would- : marks- man proceeds to attempt an align- m "Great Scott!" exclaims his officer. "Why, confound it, you're shutting the right eye, instead of the left!" "Begga pardin, sir. I'm blind in ee right eye!" "Well, that's done if! U&less you can learn to shoot from the left ghoulder you will have to be detailed for any old duty, other than the fir- ing-line!" his is only one of the incidents which render the task of the instruc- tor--who has, to pass a whole bat- r talion through the musketry course ' some of whom have never! I think there | ° s have been warded the Distinguished Condu Medal, as under: 4803 R.S.M., T. Adams, erpool Regiment (Halifax, N.S.) Under two days' t, by his ef- forts many men were prevented from being gassed. 18362 A. Corp. E. H. Johnsen, M.G. Serv. When officer in charge of motor machine gun section was killed, John- jsen took charge, fought hard until all his men were casualties and he him- self wounded. Nevertheless, he got reserve gun into action, which he used with great execution until he was again wounded severely. 213585, Sergt. G. Jones, M.M., In- fantry. During a raid he and four others rushed a hostile post, bombed the enemy and killed six, then re- organized bis party and mopped up a sunken road, bayoneting what en- a remained. 120814, Sergt. C. Jubin, Infantry. During raid against outposts he crept forward alone and wiped out crew of enemy machine gun with a bomb and captured gun. Then shouted to his party to come on, and in a hand-to- hand fight they captured one prisoner and killed the rest. 2279, Pte. G. E. McManus, Infantry. Secing enemy machine gun opening fire on the flank of the party he dash- led towards it, wounded one of the \crew with a bomb, killed the other | two with his bayonet, and secured the gun. 438278, Lance-Corp. W. Murray, In- pry gered stubborn resistance sand in face of heavy machine gun fire, he obtained his objective and captured machine gun, killing two of detach- | ment and took a third. 649121, Sergt. W. Nodweil, Mounted ; Rifles. During raid he led party of kaa men with great dash and gallant- |TY- He personally rushed the gun, , bombing the detachment, of which/ 'three were killed and the fourth made risoner. 426823, Sergt. A. Peek, M.M., M.G.C. He took command of four motor ma- chine guns until whole of his gun crews with the exception of two were , killed or wounded. He:then manned | and drove off the enemy with his re- ind gun. | -- Established in France Where | Soldiers Study War Trickery. | At a certain . | } | ae vaerenreren LEARNING CAMOUFLAGE af camouflage school for the develop- ing of the latest forms of deception. | Near the base of a tree-covered hill is a series of trenches, built-to res- | emble in every way the trenches as 'seen from the German lines. There lare even a few shell craters in front of the barbed-wire entanglements to |give the trenches a more natural ap- /pearance. The instructor stood with the correspondent in front of this line of earthworks and told him in an off- hand way that there were six men looking at him from the trenches, some | 'abnost in full view, or visible from } 'the waistline up. Two men, he as- sertel, were only a few feet away from | him. For ten minutes the party of ob- |servers used their faculties of obser- |yation to the best of their ability, but to no avail. Not a sign of any of the men in the trenches, or of those in front or behind, could they discern. Finally, at a given signal, rose; it was like a sudden appearance of dead men from the grave, ; A few seconds later half a dozen | heads, stell-helmeted and rising and falling to their stride, appeared over the parapet. "How many men are walking along there?" asked the instructor. | Everyone thought that there were six, but the heads marched round the end of the trench and into the open, and proved to be dummies, mounted on sticks held close to the man's nose underneath. the valuable serve purpose of drawing shets from the@ermans and of helping the British to locate snipers. oe --~Q------ --* sa, He Knew the Arabs. | Two Brit "pet roopers wha had met at. the rest Camp were talking to-| 'gether. One of them, who had been _yeading, had the book still in his hand ant the other man inquired the name ' of the author. " was the reply | "Longfellow, , What does! | "Never heard of him! he write? Stories?" | "No, poetry.' "Oh!" Then, after a pause, "Well, I was going to ask you to lend-me the ; | hook, but as it is you can keep it. I never could stand a t this is- real good stuff," re-! | plied the a enthusiastically. | "Listen to t "And. the night shall be filled with | music And the cares that infest the day Shall fold their tents like the Arabs And as silently steal away." "By Jove," exclaimed his friend, "there is something in that! I know those Arab beggars; they would sim- ply pe kintet ' Wanted 'Results. Mistress--Ellen, what are you put- tinge fly paper outside the house for? Green Girl--Sure, ma'am, it gets filled up quicker outside. . Feats of gallantry in action for|. Canadian: ct Tricks Effective in Taking Prisoners, 'the men! In actual warfare they TOMMIES CONTINUALLY INVENT NEW "SCARES": Making Nervous Boches Sur- render Before Blow Struck. With Generals Foch, Haig and Per- thing drive the points of their wed- ges deeper and deeper into the Ger- | man line at three separate points, the , British forces at all.the other points ' along the Western Front are engaged in their old time game of "keeping Fritz on the jump," eays a London despatch. A thousand and one different stunts, all of them carefully planned, rages in the majority of cases carried o' virtually no casualties omciix. yrs men, have resulted in weakening the reached a point where, frequently, the enemy will surrender before a blow is struck. Annoying him, scaring him, hitting him at times and places where he least expects it, the result is that "Tommy" has succeeded in giving "Fritz" a' very bad attack of -the jumps or in other words--nerves. One of the most audacious of these little shows was staged recently by a captain, subaltern, sergeant and pri- vate of the Hampshire regiment. The enemy posts until sia upon one occupied by eight Ger- | ma The private covered the sen- icy ge his rifle while the subaltern and the sergeant sprang 2n him and dragged Jim from his post' The re- mainder o e Germans, taken com- pletely by sEsio6, offered little re- sistance. Two were shot down, three er were captnted and others ran. The patrol returned with their pris- oners, the whole encounter having jasted no more than five minutes. Threw Up Their Hands. Two days later a Second lieutenant and a private of the Somersetshire Light Infantry left the British lines early in the afternoon to investigate sounds heard near a ruined house. Seeing a German in a post about ten yards off, they returned to our lines for four more men, as they had rea- son to believe the the post was well garrisoned. They then crawled around to the rear of the German strong- hold, and one of our Tommies rushed orward, shouting, "Hands up!" Of the four Germans discovered in the post immediately ed, while the fourth made a hurried clutch at his rifle, but evidently thought better of it, and two hours jater a sergeant and @rivate of an- other battalion, entirely unaware of the little stunt already pulled off by the Somersetshire lads, paid the same spot-a hurried visit and brought back two more Germans, who, like the others, threw up their hands without attempting to strike a blow. Not to be outdoné "by the west} | countrymen, the following day the | | Lancashire Fusiliers decided to take | iP 2 hand in the game. A suhaltern and four privates left our lines just be- | fore noon and crawled along through the long grass until they saw a Ger- man sentry. While two of the patrol covered the post with their rifles the officer and the other two privates rushed it. The occupants, two Ger- mans, ronved out "kamerad" an reached heavenward with their hands | without further ado. Needless to say, the Huns slept that night in the Bri- 'tish corps cafe. | ----+---- | COLD STORAGE An Invention of Immense Benefit to Great Britain To-day. Our allies need food as much as we do, and the difficulties of neutrals in Europe are great, says an English newspaper. If we had to depend upon | near neighbors for supplies we should i starve, in spite of our Flect. The} prime fact of the present war Is that | the food which is saving Britain comes | from vast: distances, is brought over i thousands of leagues of ocean, throu zh} tropic heat and torrid zones. In short, 'the food we. cat is often*months old | when we eat it. Yet it is fresh and | wholesome. | The man who made possible tho | | importation of frozen.meat to Britain | probably saved the Empire. He was a Frenchman--Charies Pelller. Hie discoveries regarding the laws of re- | |frigeration have been recogni ized. by scientists and capitailsts in covery) | country on the globe that counts, and {to-day literally millions of tone of pe r- | ishable food, which but two or thees| 'decades ago could not possibly. have | reached our shores in a fit state for | consumption, are to-day conveyed with ; ease from the Antipodes, the Argen: | tine, Brazil, the Far West of the Am- | erican continent--in fact, wherever food is in abundance. Our Fleet makes it' possible, but if | it were not for the Aclence of retrig- | eration and the invention of cold stor- age the Fleet even would be helpless today, Yet Mke a good many other great benefactors of the human race, Charles Pellier died in a small flat in Paris, almost penniless, in his eighty- sixth year. All the trees and shrubs which pro- duce rubber grow in a belt around the world within five Searees of the AN INTERESTING COMPARATIVE TABLE OF SPEED What Is Called the Sensation of | Speed Discussed From Point of View of the Aviator. One of the first questions the lay- man asks the aviator is, "How does it feel to fly?" by which is generally meant, What is the sensation of speeding through the air at the rate made possible by the aeroplane? exe following abstrect from an article.a pears in Flight should be enlighten ae analysis of sensation is always interesting and n.ight be expected to be exceptionally- so in the case of speed, yet paradoxically enough there . is no such thing er a sensation of eed. There are many proofs of this, but I will aaduice for one, that i proved to be moving through space at the prodigious speed of some thou- sands of miles an hour, thought him- self to be living on the immobile hub of a rotating dome of the moving planets and stars. Impressions of Speed. Our impression of speed is derived largely from the optical effect, due to adjacent objects flitting by, and is increased by a surface or skin effect due to the wind which brushes past us and cools and presses on to our persons. These two effects are suffi- cient, but the impression is heighten- ed by going a little further. Our past ,cxperience of most mechanical and animal means by which we have borrowed speed has shown us that they are rarely if ever perfectly smooth in their action. After the change of speed due to the starting operation there are slight irregular changes of speed and changes in the direction of the movement. These are always associated with rapid travel- ing. We call them jolts and jars if they are severe, and we wrongly re- gard them as part of the sensation of speed, though they are pure acci- dentals. They ought properly to be called accelerations. and the act of starting is the only acceleration which is, in fact, necessary to ob- tain speed. Yet a fourth factor can be detected in many of our impres- sions: of speed. I allude to noise, arog of whistling wind or of beat- sensation of speed than constitute a hedgehog. They are mere- ly excrescences and causes of inde- pendent sensation. At one time or, ager? an aeroplane flight gives rise to all these sensations in an acute degree, and super-adds one novelty. that of the point of view An Interesting Table. The following Do ga table of speed is of intere 1. Light and the lesa telegraph, 186,000 m.p.s. 2. Shell near the muzzle of 6-in) gun, 2,500 f.p.s. Shell from 7imm. gun, 1 4. Sound, 1,100 f Revolver bulle ere f.p.s. 6. Tip or oe blade of an airscrew, coo f_p.s., m.,p.h. 7. A Saat aeroplane through the me 150 m.p.h. 00 f.p.s. near the muzzle, . A fast aeroplane with a high sah 200 m.p.h. fast car, 120 m 10. An express train, 80 m.p.h. 11. A fast steamship, 40 m.p.h. 12. A bicycle ( dalled), 32 m.p.h. 18. A race hee, 30 m.p-h 14. A man --iating (1 mile) 24 m. 15. A man running (100 yards), 20 n ; 16. A man running a mile, 13 m. h 17. A man walking, 4 mph. "te A GEM OF A MAP france Possesses a Map Worth $1,- 250,000, Preserved n the Louvre: Undoubtedly one of the most wond- erful maps n the world is the large- scale ordnance map of England, which took many years to complete. One looks in vain for towns on some n but upon ths map the pedestriar leyclist can hardly look in vain for a barn-or ® roadside pub, says an Enz: {Hsh wr'vor. But the most costly ma In the ,world is one which the Ht n looters world Hke te lay their hands upon. { 'is a map of France in the Louvre. The groundwork of tho map is polehe! jasper, and the: principal towns ara represented by precfous stones sad their names ins¢ribed In gold. 'the rivers are strips of polished platinum, end the tighty-seven Departments are set out In a wonderful seheme of blazing gems. This valuable map was made in | Buses a, end presented to I'ranca by the tose when the Franco-Russian al- Mance was consummated fn the early days of this century. Every portion of it comés from imines in Russia, and is of Rusajan workmanship, and though it 1s Oh}y one square inetre in size, it is worth at ees a quarter of a million in sterlin But to-day a iy ap made oul of successive aerial photographs = pieced together of somé "parts of equator. a yen e would be worth fas more thay is fe welled map.