8 foo as Beoteh whisky od e ite aw little whisky was consumed}. : yin the settlement in those oe early d are dere” { and there- wasn't a~ farm yaa : -forty bigs saa of. it on™ ioe: dura har- vest ‘pwn maple trées, Ss we abundance s ar was in those ors ‘beyond our her Most of the clothing we wore was from our pwn wool obtained | from the backs of’our own sheep, and the little linen we wore cameé.from -|-our_own -flax.* Leather for our boots ahd shoes was made from the hides of our cattle. “Some of the settlers made their own boots and shoes. n Perth County! ' 3. A. CRERAR WAS BORN NEAR _ ”" @HAKESPEARE 84 YEARS AGO | WAS NEARLY TAKEN BY IN- DIANS. (By Ww. J. nimsnax in the. Toronto Saturday Night) © To read about the pioneer days of the Province of Ontario is an inter- : ~ eating pastime. But to sit face to f with 4 man who-can from actual - be mee recall these pioneer days ~ is still! more interesting. Not only “does the latter method give the hu- ~.. Wan touch to the story, but it ena- ~, bles one to vizualize more clearly and realize more clearly the conditions| “obtaining {n the long ago. ‘This is what I had the pleasure of doing the) ‘ other day for the space of about three : ~ hours. The man who accorded me this} pleasure is Mr. John Crerar -, Shakespeare, Ont., "Grand Trunk about half a dozen! the group had to leave their ng- oe” of North Easthope. Some [m tive place for what in that day ma into <’ woods of the neighboring, laifd-and cut a walking stick. Another -had been guilty.of the more serious of- fence of killing a deer, the remains of which had been found stewing in a pot in his-kitchen. , : About the only qualification these early settlers had for the pioneer life upon which they had then embarked in the then wilds of Canada was an indomitable will-power. Of experi- ence they had none. “Why,” ex- plained Mr. @rerar, referring to the subject, ‘practically none of — + i how to cut down a tree. y gather this from the fact that ta one they ‘undertook to clear their land it was a common thing to cut a a village on the| tree all the way rownd trusting to their legs to carry thém out f “miles east of Stratford, in the vicin-| danger when the tree began to fall, ity of which he' was born 84 years . ago, and when that part of the prov-| ince was forest primeval in which . the wild animals such as bear, wolf,: roamed at will Mr. Crerar is a man of remark- -pble memory. Events and circum- », stances surrounding his early days - he recalls with readiness, while dates »,8lip from his tongue as if they were ~/~>but yesterday. There is seemingly -. only about one thing in which he _ B¥AS personally concerned that he can - mot.recall. And that was when te ‘was but one year old when that hap- pened it can ndt be attributed to lapse of memory. But he knows all about it just the same, having time and again had the circumstances re- called to him by his parents. Stoien By Indians The day I was stolen,” exclaimed Mr. Crerar, ‘‘my mother had placed me in a sap trough such as they ih Be those days hewed out of a log, while he _. she was assisting my father in log- ie ging operations. When my parents missed me, my father, divining that the band of Indians he had seen \ prowling about had kidnapped me, _ geized a gun and gave chase, Final- ly coming up with them, he ordered them to drop me or he would shoot.) They immediately did as commanded. and cleared off as fast as they could travel. Only a short time before this @ band of Indians had carried off a fourteen-year-old boy who was never heard of afterwards." Mr.. Crerar's parents were sone 2 number of Scottish people from the county of Perthshire, who came to Canada in 1832 and settled in the FF TE Much Sickness Due to ~ Lack of Work The healthy body, produces more >, than it needs to op the ‘ Heart, Lungs and Bowels worlcins. This surplus energy must be spent RS ss a ay fashah j TET * li: 4 e@ who work too ‘hard tise their reserve strength and “wear out the system. "& People who are inclined. to Ner- ~ wousness, Constipation, or. have. any sper the Troubles of the Heart, Miver. tdneys. Stomach or’ ; “hema wily improve the condithc ot ' theft health if they so desire. ar M yor work too hard, take. more if you werk too little, -balke > by your indiscretions and to “assist “Cpature to restore healt. Then take - f Hacking's \ Heart and Nerve Remedy eed it Sg neue Kidney and ee Pills - i> we. will aeons depo Recaune we know n TR: Ragleaon, ot Bay ~ fox and deer abounded, and Indians: | “was Stolen by a band of roaming; sPrttarrs: ‘. “that for they had no idea in what direc- tion it would go. Some of the early settlers lost their life on this ac- count. In fact it was not until the second generation came along that the settlement really had _ efficient woodsmen.’ Mr, Crerar’s father took up four hundrea acres of land, of which but two acres were cleared when the subject of this sketch was born, and that was four years after the settlement had begun its exist- ence ~- . “Wild Animals Hereabouts “Can you recall the time when In- dians and wild animals were com- ventured during the conversation. “Can. I recall it?” replied Mr. Crerar, as he threw his head back and gave vent to a hearty laugh. #iell, I should say so. Why there were two tribes in our part of the country, although I do not remember what they were. One tribe was lo- cated north of the river Neth, while the other was to the south of that stream. They were not always on good terms with each other, and I can well remember a three-day'’s bat- tle which they had on the banks of a river near my father’s farm. This was about 1844, when I was d¢ight years of age. From the scene of that battle many's the flint arrow- | head I have picked up. “Wolves and bear were quite com; | wan. Sheep we dare mot leave out at night for fear of the wolves. For the same reason even two-year-old cattle could not be left out. One night a hungry wolf squeezed its way between the logs in a neighbor's barn and killed seven sheep, but the brute gorged itself to such an extent that is was unable to squeeze its way out again. That wolf never did get out alive. Bears had a particular penchant for pigs, and in spite of out best efforts would occasionally Mount our pens and carry off the as animals in their arms. here was one bear with a white spot on ts forehead that was the terror netghbdprhood. The settlers, arte basen in‘vain to get him, hired some Indians to do so. They finally landed him. On another occasion ‘there was a bear that was giving con- siderable. trouble. The neighbors! tarned out to hunt him down. When they~ finally came upon the animal there was one\in- the party, a big Scotchman of ‘enormous strength who had often boasted that he only awaited the. opportunity for tackling 8 a bear-single-handed, who asked per- mission. to gratify this ambition. After some hesitation, "permission was granted. As he stepped forward tothe combat, the bear rose upon its hind .legs,-but nothing daunied, the big Scotchman grabbed him: The bear grabbed him, too, and so firmly that in a few séconds*the man was ealling for assistance. Our friend after that never, bomSted of his abil- ity. to tackle a bear single-handed. ‘‘Deer..were quite.cammon, and most-of us had-them made.by/a trav- elling cobbler, to whom we furnished _with board and lodging. The hats F worn by both men and women during the summer time we made from éither rye or oat straw. During the winter the men wore coon skin hats and as coons were -plentiful. we i any amount of material. Some of the men also wore home-made~ Kil- Marnolk bonnets. Women wore ‘the mutch” for-headgear during the win- ter, It was of:cloth and home-made. “For. artificial light we also de- pended upon our own resources. At ongsined from the ‘cruise.’ This was a metal vessel into which we poured melted tallow, while.the wick was of tow. It gave a very poor light, smoked a great deal and gave out an odor that was anything but pleas- ant. I can well remember when we had our first candles. They were home-made and were pretty crude We first of all placed a few inchés of waterinatub. On this we poured several inches of melted tallow, into pieces of wick attached to a stick. When we subsequently obtained can- dle molds we came to the conclusion that we had reached the height of perfection in respect to the providing of artificial light. And then when the kerosene lamp came in some years later we certainly thought the ideal had bepn attained, it being such a‘ling step in advance of the old smoky cruise.” Just at this stage my old friend pulled a pipe from his pocket, charged {ft with tobacco, and after lighting it began to complacently puff it. This gave me asuggestion a further question. And so I asked: ‘How did , they strike fire in your early days?’ Well, they didn’t strike ‘ald of a match,” he replied, simple reason that we had no matches. All had was the flint and steel or the firelock of a gun. “Some of the settlers brought with them from Scotland large rolls of paper saturated with saltpetre, a piece of which they would tear off and set fire by aid of flint and steel. But most of us used punk obtained from trees, a large supply of which was always kept in store: My father, however, usually lit a piece of cotton in the firelock of his gun. But there was an odd one here and there among the early settlers who hadn't even flint and steel, and didn’t know how to use it if they had. It was the custom in those days, however, for every settler to keep at least a smoldering fire perpetually going on the hearth, and so it was . seldom that anyone was without means.of securing a light. Of course these so- called perpetual lights would occa- sionally go out, and when it happen- ed in the homes of those who hadn't flint and steel the only alternative| was to borrow fire from a-neighbor. T have known neighbors of ours in this predicament to come half a mile or more for the purpose of getting live embers from our hearth for the purpose of lighting extinguished fires in their own homes.” “What about tobacco?” Get Tobacco Galt “We usually had a plentiful supply of tobacco,”” replied Mr: Crerar, as he began afresh to pull at his er" “When a neighbor _ was Gait we would club tor der as a rule fifty po wottld be sufficient to last,us apout a year, dnd vould cost wa™~twelve cents a pound. Most of the tobacco we used originally came from Scotland.” “Let us get back to food again,” I ventured. ‘““What about _tea, | for. in-~ tance ”’ “Tea cost about $1.50 to sce a pound, But ‘we were seldom withontt it, and when we were we ran down tq the swamp and gathered grotind hemlock, which we boiled and made to serve as tea, and it wasn’t bad stuff either. Butter we Mad, and-to spare; and that which we-had to spare we bartered at the stores in Galt, usually being allowed eight czuts a pound for it.. Why do. you know that as recently as 1850 con- E r7? sos were. the source from which we in those early -days got much of our méat. Generally speaking, we killed déer in the fall of the ‘year, and after ‘salting it down in barrels, dried the meat for winter use, It was great stuff.. Paremember once cutting a ‘Slice of deer meat six months after it bad- m dried, and- although I ate it-raw -it waa is... Our -win-}. ter’s supply pork, mutton and beef i ‘a: we. also” down and. subse- quently “dried. In this: way we al-) Ways. had E.! ample supply: of dried meat for winter use." ‘ : ee “Back in, ypur’ early d as ¥ ven-{ «* tured, “You were-not much conc ne Catarth Cannot Be Cured rathaE ae APLC ONE, as pas and in These es are) it ) ust takeci . ori cure it you me n- ternal Panties. Hall's Catarrh Cure ts n internal ts: first the only light we had was that} ’ affairs. Our process was simply this: } which we kept dropping at intervals| - ars “IE 4 bowls that sthey .objected to-having 4 them hades holding that it spoilt twenty ive years.” in 1919] not be accommodated revenue can come! pees agalactiae taseigrasi ls ieab a ate VES See Wis days pelapil Siel Or cette. prices is three ene and fifty Per cent over what it waa twenty-five years ago.. Our operating expenses in 1919 had increased 99 per cent over W915, while gross revenue was only 49 per cent greater. Wages absorbed over 56 pet cent of our revenue last year, and our wage bill this year will be at. least 2 iad cent higher than "gta oppiiage Thad disse bn cathain tn pi iat vices nit 80 ensure good service, and at the-same time pay sach a return 4+: to investors as will attract new capital to enable us to extend ; our plant, we must earn more money! We must accomplish: both of these present patrons will maga and new applicants for service can- things, else service to our Increased rates are the whe source from which such further ¥ THE BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY OF CANADA supply of money and made us mere atiuant than at one time seemed poe: ibl pound. Honey, which we obtained . from hollow trees in the forest, we ¢ also had in abundance. Twice I re- Th B member finding honey ten feet in € anner S thickness, each lot weighing about 300 pounds.” Money Scarce Money was a pretty scarce com- luk 1 ist modity in those days, wasn't it?” -“L guess it was,"’..ejaculated Mr. Grerar as he drew his pipe from pe-}. ‘tween his lips. “Why, we hadn’t Banner and Daily Globe ... 0... ccc eee eee eee eee 36 75 much opportunity in getting it. Prac- “Banner and Family Herald and Weekly Star ........... 3 40 tically all trading was carried on by Banner and Farmers’ Sun (Twice a week) ............. 2 40 barter. The exception was wheat, Banner and Daily Mail and Empire .................45 5 76 ang, when sold, butcher's cattle. And Banner and Saturday Mail and Empire ................ 3 00 even for these it was blessed little Banner and Canadian Countryman 2-76 we received. Prior to the Crimean Banner and Red Book ....................-......... 4 50 ‘ war about the best price we ever. got Banner and Cosmopolitan Pease 4 00 | tor wheat was three York shillings Banner and Toronto Daily ‘Star ee 5 85 or 37% cents per bushel, and from Banner and Farmer's Advocate ...................... 3 50 reo uate mie it a _ had Banner and London Advertiser (Morning Edition ..... 6 75 a a4 . 37% conte, a ile ‘thie Banner and London.Free Press (Morning Edition .... 6°75 or pl 4 met tor aanie ate Banner and The Stratford Beacon (Weekly) ....... .. 8 50 wae $15 or 918. A pair ct inesvean Banner and Stratford Herald (Weekly) .............. 3 50 uid stents Pande Piadg vos vos saul a Banner and Montreal Weekly Witness ................ 3 50 fetch about $20 Banner and Montreal Weekly Witness (new subscribers) 3 40 oe . Banner and World Wide .......... 0.0 ccc ccc ee cecae 3°90 It was not until the Crimean war Banner and Presbyterian ...............2....0-.... 4 00 and the advent of the railway that Banner and Canadian Poultry Journal ................ 2 40 farmers in our settlement got their! Banner and Youths’ Companion .................... 4750 first lift,” continued Mr. Crerar. We Banner and Northern Messenger .................... 250 {fl then not only got $2 to $2.25 for our Banner and Canadian Pictorial ..................... 3 90 wheat, but the iniquitous docking} Banner and Toronto World, (Dally Edition) .......... 5 75 | system went by the board. This, to- Banner and Toronto World, (Sunday Edition) ......... 5 25 — 7 the eer or of- our Batner Canada - 2-50 | market. thodagt the adpeat of the 3 BORWEAORTAER cece ceca Se cesnccvecvece railway, brought us in a more liberal eed bry Fora and a a poe wares Oa os Seed Seed aes 3 M4 ; i] ken Mr. Crerar first saw the light of day the settlement was with- out schools of any kind, either pri- vate or public. “The first school,” he explained, ‘‘was started about 1840, in the home of one of the set- tlers, an Englishman, whose ‘wife did the teaching. It was only open-dur- ing the winter months, and wag at- tended by big boys of twenty as well as by little boys, who came from far and wide in search of the education it-afforded. This was my first school and I shall never forget my experi- ence. All the language I knew was Gaelic. IL didn’t know. enough Eng- lish to say either ‘yes’ or ‘no.’ As a matter of fact Gaelic was the lang- yage of communication in the settle- ment. Among the settlers in the o} ba above publications may be obtained by Banner subscrib- g.in any combination, the price for any publication being the Agure given less $2.00, representing the price of The Banner. “These prices are for addresses in Canada or Great Britain. . If the publication you want is not in the above list let us We can supply any well-known Canadian or American know publication, These prices are strictly cash in advance. Send nena by ‘post office or ‘eZpress order to Banner Pub, Co, LISTOWEL en ee a ka sumers in the village and towns! = could get butter at twelve cents a district was an Irishman by the name of James-Rankin, but he insisted that his wife, who was.a Scotch woman, should teach his ¢hildren Gaelic “t order that they ‘might be able to ak sociate with other children in the Bettlement.. One of he éhildren of this Rankin was the late Mrs. George Dunn, who died in. Parkdale last March.”’ Household utensils in the early } days of the settlements in-the town- ship of North Easthope were, accord-. ing to Mr. Cretar, crude in quality)? and limited in quantity. Most of the cu plates: wete made at a local pottery, while the. bowls from which the settlers aut their porridge were of wood. of. the old» settiers thought so aeok of their porridge tomers. FRESH MEATS A full supply of Fresh Meats will atways greet your store eyes at this We tales pride in cutting meats to please. onr cus You are not urged: to owe you ever bu back and we wil DOMM’S, x return the money. The Modern EAT" MARKET to tuke what you do not want. of us. meat not. as represented. bring ' woman tore a~-piece of bread from a since the days of my earfiest -recol- thé flavor of ‘the porr best of -homes. rridge, Spoons were ie e rule of ram's ‘horn, while 4 chere here and there was a spoon of buffalo . Pable knives were few in the ne “{ .reatember .as a pelitla going: inte @ home of-one of a aoe ee sDeseas- pea meal foaf and placed” upon it with a horn spoon a chunk of butter which she proceded to spread by the aid of her thumb, having apparently no knife with which to do so. Almost needless to say, I didn’t eat that ae of bread and butter. = __ « “When E.sit down and think about il tye changes. which have taken. Bien elties lections I-am simply filled’ with as- tonishment,” declared Mr. Crerar. “Take Toronto, for instance, I-can reeall. new settlers coming into our district who declared it Was - too “muddy to ever amount to anything. And today it ran«s. cael bie a the continent.”