* oners fighting, and that, vironmen t means muc ‘This idea works on the ato that any errings from the path of rect: the struggles and temptatiqns of mod- ern city life into close contact with mother nature and helpful, rest-giv- ing surroundings. Burwash cannot help but be a success because the idea on ‘which it is founded ig_ right. At present there are @bout fotr hundred and eighty prisoners or in- mates at the Burwash Industrial ‘Farm. They are sentenced for terms varying from three months to two years fess a day. In many cases the prisoners up till then, with perhaps a slight kink in their moral make- Ze, That these men are not much different from average human beings is evidenced by the fact that about seventy per cent. of them are renee —-eien freedom that dld- time p n officials would never have dreamed of. ' Seldom do the inmates have serlous quarrels among themselves. In only one instance does the present superin- tendent of the Farm remember pris- strangely enouyh, was when two men came to blows over a horse which one of the combatants declared the other had ill- treated; this charge the latter stoutly denied. Indeed, one has only to visit the stables to see what interest the men must take in looking after the horses—tforty-five of the finest animals one cduld wish for, all care- iuliy groomed ana in rst-class con-| dition A residext physician attleie to the general health of the prisoners, and in addition the Provincial Board of Health sends up a clinical Een from Toronto at regular intervals to examine and treat the men for ven- ereal disease, In planning prison reform there are two viewpoints—largely affected by the severity of the prisoner's offence. One is to provide facilities for teach- ing younger prisoners a trade, and for the older ones to “carry on” at some ae occupation; ; f 4 i The other is to bring the prisoners in touch with nature, to have them work in the fields or in the woods, to give their tired and perhaps some- times distorted minds: a rest far re- moved from city influences. It is on the latter viewpoint that the Burwash idea hinges, and last year the prisoners took out from the Farm woods 1,000,000 feet of lumber Falued at $60,000. used for the building and’ extension éf vafious public institutions Im the/® Proviice. Potatoes and other vege- tables are grown on nearly 100 acres. ‘All the work is done by the prisoners, who work ten hours a day in summer, with Saturday afternoons off after 3 p.m. The weekly bath is arranged for Saturday afternoons when work fs finished. In winter the working day -$s-during the hours of daylight. Al- though under restraint in thé respect that their quarters have locked doors and barred windows, the prisoners} are provided with indoor attractions, including a good gymnasium and a piano. A visit to the Industrial Farm is extremely: interesting. Recently I went there in company with another Goctor, and at the railway station, about a° mile and a half from the l, we were met by a horse and in charge of a fyoung man, whom, I afterwards learned, was a prisoner; there was no restraint ap- parent, however, nor could anyone tell that our driver was not an ordin- ary individual from the local livery stable. had Farm, all the waiters being prison- ers, and yet they were extremely ob- liging and cheerful. The meals serv- ed were @xcellent, and showed that a capable chef was In charge of the kitchen, even if he was not for the time being a free man. The cooking gements are superintended by a dietitian, one of the 'Parm offi- There is a sawmill, which is always busy. The work of planing, ail the| . gashes and doors—in fact, all the finer features of the puilding trade are carried on. The prisoners have just built a fine schoolhouse on a site which a few weeks ago was a dense forest. The teacher arranges for concerts and athletic sports. Hardships Not Tolerated “Trusted” men are given many privileges that the less trust-worthy do not enjoy. For instance, there is a big herd of over 200 cattle, which ream the spacious territory that the farm includes. Chosen prisoners go| ore away all day with the cattle, taking lunch with them., Seldom do any of them escape. The temptation to escape is, how- ever, reduced to a minimum, as none -of the outside influences that might dimirsct ihe attention of the prisoners ap very well penetrate the fifty miles searding the treatment handed my Ae to prisoners. One can rest essured that any breach of discipline is dealt with Suntly, but he are tolerated. any individual guard Choate be re- pone as treating a prisoner with eruelty the case is investigated at once ' -Bome of the prisoners also com- — Plain of the Jack of trades taught at the Farm, the greater part of the This lumber is! say capable of linking heed drawing with ‘than he:jing breakfast at the| can may : the wanderer away for a time- from} ligt KA&,, chair a trar of Queen’s University, Kingston; Mr. Miller, Toronto; Col. Noel Mar- shall; W. M. Dunlop, Inspector of Prisons, In leaving the institution on parole Burwash inmates hare the services of the Parole Officer, who at present is Dr. Lavalle. This officer, who is a servant of the board, keeps in touch with Salvation Army and social work- ers and industrial concerns. RHEE eit BUD FISHER AND MUTT |AND WEFF | bee + + a Oonfondnndnedendeedecfeelesfecfeelececdesdectnsbedes eee eee dets | (By ane Bruce or eaiapaa ial or‘of Ol’ Bill.) -Few era I feel sure, have spent more time Se the works of others than I hav It’s a lasting ateenare to me to see how good other hea fg and to en- joy and praise its m Naturally this Reaplatit of mine has led me to an earnest considera- tion. of the Mee of (Bud Fisher and his Mutt and Je I have never met Fisher, and know nothing about his personality or mode of work, #0 Spat all I have to talk abort ere bis.cesults-an-pepot,-- Mat and Jeff! r m mighty fond of those dear old rogues! Now why? I do not look to the technical side ofthe draw- ing of those two, to find where Fisher comes in. I look to the basic idea that lies behind. Mutt and Jeff are full of a lovable “human note.” They are such a pair of human childish rogues, and yet fe not an ounce of real roguery in t It's their saugetenl romping midst a complex and somewhat serious world ‘that. cheers one. Fisher must be, really, a great big boy at heart, for sympathy and fun are all over pages. To my mind Mutt and Jeff have a parallel in the| humorous good-natured rogues of Mark Twain, the fine “aay the “Duke” in Huckleberry Fin ‘So much for Mutt and Jett and | their daily deeds, and now for Fish- er’s art, the means by Which he must needs purvey these antics to. the worl " There are many better line artists than Fisher, and I feel sure he would so,"too, but there are few more ‘the literary side the id If Mutt is meats something. he is saying it ‘with an expression and posture ae is absolutely the right one for the purpose. If Jeff is thinking, he fa thinking in the only position oe spells ; ®2 thinking to the audien The humanity is great, and that is what Fisher can do. ' His hieroglyphics of expressioa, his exuberant humor, ‘his power of comic line, plus the clean humanity of his two immortals, that is what makes Bud Fisher. Iron In Australia. The recent discovery of enormous deposits of iron ore at Yampi parce in northwestern Australia, is of great importarice’'to the world. A lode sev- eral hundred feet thick and over 100 feet wide runs miles, through two ianag. 5 Somethinng like 100,- 060,000 tons of ore, with an average of 65 per cent. pure metallic Iron, is actually in sight; and the situation is sock that the quarried mate delivered by chates di Yr into Thies holds. ‘e Tes World's consumption of iron steadily increasing P supply is obtained from a few great ts of rich ore, but these will not st indefinitely, ond. vie they |= have been exhausted, mankind will be rye caning hd fall back cee low- grade o is will mean higher cost of Seiautinn and a correspond- + and be The black specks to be observ- ed in any handful of beach sand are magnetic iron ore. re ago a railroad Many years was built for the purpose of fetching iron from the nrines of the Vermilion Mountains, in the Lake Superior re- gion. A cut through the Mesada ran ov Experts say that nowhere else does the crust pf the earth contain so large a mase of wealth Explorers have been astonished to find in the wilds of ted with the art of getting iron from tits working it. To smelt the ore, they use a primi- ure. Turodty. HEN a-horse falls in habs ness he almost immediat&. ly struggles to régain tis feet. A strong, healthy horse will not remain down volun- tarily, but {mn his efforts (to rise he may become frightened. If the driver. he can prevent.serious injury to the animal, says the United States De- partment of Agriculture. First Held down by the horse seldom has sufficient freedom to rise to his feet, though enouga to ‘struggle and injure bimself by pounding. his head on the ground. aesertiaaty: he driver should calm the horse first by speaking in a re- assuring tone, and, by Placing his knees upon the animal’ neck just back of the ears, endeavor to prevent injury from struggling or from bruis- ing his head. An intelligent horse kquickly learns to place great confi- dence in the voice of a good driver. The traces and breeching straps should be unfastened and the vehicle rolled back from the fallen animal. If the horse is in doublé hitch, the traces and. yoke strap should be un- fastened and the pole, vehicle, and working mate moved a short distance ayer: An an dejered. horse will then re- dily if he has suit- thie rooting. In case the ground is ley, scatter some fine sand, sawdust, or straw under and in front of him. It porting of this kind is ghieyacnee spread a blanket of burlap ng on the eae to give Lim a beer footing as he attempts to stand. When the Home Lies Broadside, ~ In case the horse needs more help and encouragement, and especially if he lies broadside, roll him on to his chest, with the hind legs under the belly. Then work both front legs the ground and knees flexed. If after repeated efforts and good footing .he continues to fall back. upon the ground there is possibly some injury to the hind parts, such as‘a fracture of the hip or leg, which should be examined by a qualified veterinarian. In all effort vis assist a fallen horse do not forget that im rising to his feet he raises the head and fore parts first. This is directly opposite to the habit of the cow, which elevates the hind parts fi A Treacherous. sphalt Injuries to horses are common dur ing -the wi elties anow becomes packed and forms an cy coating on the pavement. In niost cities above pds frost belt there are times when pavements are slippery. Asphalt is especially troublesome and when covered by a very light sleet or snow makes a very treach- erous footing for horses. The milk- man-or baker, who drove upon a clean pavement the night before, may find the streets at 4 a.m. so nearly impassable from a coat of smooth ice as to delay his deliveries very greatly ar even prevent them entirely. Special Shoes and Careful Driving. In country districts horses remain or rough shod for a consider- able time. But if they are driven much on city streets paved with stone, cement, or asphalt, from which the snow has been removed, their shoes quic 7 benome smooth and It ts dit- —— As the horses to keep thelr tee When the front feet slip backward a horse is likely to fall and injure his knees, while side slipping generally causes him to come down broadside. Shoeing with rubber pads, or the use of emergency appliances may lessen ehance of slipping, but as there is always the possibility of a horse falling, even when well ‘shod, careful driving and precautions against over- joading are important additional méans for reducing these accidents and injuries to a minimum.—wU. 8. Weekly News Letter. Ne ee a A motion- picture film ae elie with sheep on the farm recently been |completed by the film laboratories of © United States Department of Agriculture in co-operation with the Bureau of Industry. The | film fs used by county agents, county or state sheep-breeders' associations, of agricultural colleges, and other de- partment or co-operative workers or agencies. The film is in three sections and four reels. About 45 minutes is,re- quired for the showing of the whole production. The subject — in the first me second reels r with the foc on the farm, weatiining in the eal at the time that the ewe flock should be culled prior to breeding, and carrying it on through until the lambs are sold. Each seasonal pric- tice‘is brought out and educational ing of wool and lambs, reel with the slaughtering of & mut- ton sheep, dressing the carcass, and then cutting it up for meat con- isumption. ~ The average farm implement is only about half worn out by nse alone. The fest of the wear is due to rust and decay. The greatest pos- sible wrent is made out of machinery when it is used continuously for pro- fitable work until it is worn oof. . & tree willl make a million matches—a match may destroy a mil- lion trees. . (Coutributed on Ontarte Liepartenent | Agricult will give the -right kind of first “aid: ot "reece, he “eo oes eos built the ‘first organ ever used i a Scottish rian church. it possession of ‘the misister of St. Andrew's Church. “For some time Watt's organ was days, and was up and kept out of sight on the Sabbath. One Sun- day in August, 1807, however, it was played during the service by an or- of the Episcopal fai The Episcopalians at that time were good ‘““g kist of whistles"—as a legitimate of their church music. Presby- terian Glasgow was shocked by the Andrew's. The presbytery declared the use of the new instrument contrary to kirk law, and the organ was ignominiously cast out after a solitary service. It is said to be in existence in the house of a Scottish squire near Biggar. “Not until 1860 was the use of the organ tolerated in Andrew's, Glasgow." King Kdward's Memory. In his volume of reminiscences en- iitied “Looking Back,’ Sir Seymour Fortescue tas more than one story te inet Tate mu helo Wak. 7 ub failing courtesy and quick, retentive memory. Here is a typical instance: ‘Half an hour's conversation with @ man,” he writes, “is apt to give a greater insight into the character reams of correspondence, and this was especially the case with the Prince of Wales, who was endowed elther by nature or training—or more probably by a mixture of both—with a@ memory that really was prodigious. As an example of this memory I re- collect on my first journey witb him | Past o Cannes, en he had got out at sean waraibe atatlad to stroll about during the five minutes’ wait, some very obvious English gentleman bow- ed, and evidently rather expected to be recognized. His bo was, o course, returned, but on re-entering }the railway carriage the prince at once — me if I knew who the man I had never seen him in my life b before, and so conld be of no assis “after the train had started again I could see that the prince was try- ing to place the individual, and sud- denly, at the end of a quarter of an hour or so, he triumphantly exclaim- ed, “I that J should get bold of ne regal gr mr , and he was presented to me just fone at a function ai which was pres He then proceeded io state what the function was, and where it had taken place. He had never set eyes on the man in ques- tion since.” An Old Bibke. on Cottonian Library in England an old manuecript copy of a mat art of the Bible in Latin. This Bible, it is said, was used at the corona- tions of English sovereign 300 years before the “stone of destiny” Was brought from Scone to Westminster by Edward I. in 1296. If this be true, then the use of this Bible for the purpose dates back to the year 1000. It is a quarto of 217 leaves, containing the four gospels, seems, from the style of the writing and the beautiful flluminations, to have been made about the end of the ninth century. This Bible narrowly escaped destruction in the fire at Ash- burnham house in 1731, of which is bears evidence in its crumped leaves and singed margins. There is some evidence that the son of Edward the Elder, Athelstan the Glorious, who was king of the West Saxons from 925 to 940, owned this Bible and gave it to the church of Dover.— Forward. Cambridge and Oxford. “Whenever £ go to Cambridge I am reminded of Edinburgh, not by the place but by the demeanor of the Inhabitants,"’ writes Mr. A. Clutton- Brock in ‘'The Irris,"" “For, as every one-you meet in the streets of Edin- burgh seems to be aware that he is the citizen of no mean city, so all undergraduates and dons at Cam- bridge seém aware that they are i\members of no mean university. To go from Oxford to Cambridge is like going from Engtand to Scotland, and Cambridge is like going from Eng- land to Scotland, and Cambridge has the same slight grudge against Or- reer that Scotland has against Eng- nd."” tion. A burly and bucolic person In a billy-cock hat was seen outside a second-hand baokseller’s shop lost in the pages of Maeterlinck’s “Life of lhe Bee.” Ihe Lramic of (ne pavement surged about him, but still he read on, and when the watchful shop- keeper came to the door from time to time he found him reading yet. At fast he closed the volume with an approving grunt, and, tapping its cover with a thick forefinger, ad- dreased the beokseller: “I suppose, now, you yi happen to nave a book by this chap on cows!” May Ban Pork Pies. a clause in a special treaty ude soon after the first Punjab war, the right — which he iprohibiting the importation fate | bis territories of pork ples, | pound. Tits |the European Corn-borer—a Euro- {in Elgin County, between St. Thomas =| Termibateu HUG Wl greauuuny spreau ern Ontario- Coantics — Deserip- tion and Life History — Methuds of ‘Contrel. (Contributed 1 Ontarte carcetmens of Agriculture, Toront ' is always a matter of concerto when a thew pest is introduced into a country and especially when that insect attacks an im- portant crop such as corn. In August pean insect—was discovered in On- tario and extensive scouting by ento- mologists revealed the unpleasant fact that it was distributed over about three thousand square miles, being found in the counties of Welland, Halidmand, Elgin, Middlesex, Oxford, Kent and Huron. In some of these counties only smali areas here and there seem to be infested, but in others the infestation is much more extensi¥ The worst infestation is and Port Stanley where several corn- Splds showed from 509 to 90 per cent. all the planis to have been attack- . There is no doubt that the insect could not be so widely distributed or abundant unless it had been here for several years. It seems strange that no corn-grower reported it, but the explanation doubtless is that they thought it was some old pest that bad become abundant for a year or two and would soon pass away or become of no {mportance. It is impossible at this stage to say how {Breet a menace the insect will ba: for 26 one knows, Ooi the ‘beat informed entomologists Judging, however, from what we have seen this fall it cannot be ex- evel throughout the province and prove a greater menace than any other corn insect of the province. Yet, there is very little doubt that by the joint co- operation of the Dominion and Pro- vincial Eotomologists, together with entomologists of the United States (for the Insect occurs in New York and Magsachusetts), a practicable method of control will be discovered and corn continue to be as success- fully grown in the future as In the It may be of interest to know that ever since the insect hae been dis- covered vigorous efforts have been made by the Provincial and Dominion Departments of Agriculture, threugh their entomologists, to find out every- thing they could about it by scouting expeditions throughout the south- western part of the province and by studying..the insect in the field. They heve<also brought the Agricul- tural Representatives to see its work and discuBsed with them methods of control. ‘Plans are moreover on foot for a very careful study of the insect eluding methods of control. able information of any kind.as soon as discovered wiH, of course, be -fur- nished to the press so as to be availl- able to every farmer. Brief Description and Lifé History of the Insect. The borer. full grown, is a moder- ately stout caterpillar about one tnch long, pale brownish to white in color om the upper surface and white be- neath, with a brown head and several brown spots on each segment of the body. These spots are not very con- apicuous to the naked eye but can be seen easily with a hand lens. The winter is passed In the larval stage in burrows inside corn-stalks or cobs. and sometimes in weeds. In the apring the larvae feed to a slight ex- tent and then pupate in thelr bur- ped In June the moths begin to appear and lay their eggs = small white clusters on the leav The larvae hatching from these feed for a ttme on the leaves or developing tassels and then begin to bore into the stalks and ears, making holes and tunnels in the former and eating the kernels in the latter. As the cold weather approaches the larvae all make comfortable burrows for them- selves in the stalks or inside the cobs or in weeds. There is only one brood a year in Ontario as far as is known. Nature of the Injury. Injury is done chiefly by the larvae burrowing into the canes and caus- ing them to break over with the wind; tassels especially break over easily. A further injury is due to larvae feeding upon the kernels in the ears and by disease, especially in wet, warm weather, entering through the holes, both in ears and stalks, and causing rot. Although all kinds of corn are attacked, table and Mint varieties suffer most and dent least. Methods of Control._ The methods of control that pate ally suggest themselves follows: 1. Sow dent corn unless there is some, special reason for preferring Aint. 2. Cultivate well in the early sea- son to keep down weeds co that these may not harbor the pest. 3. If rou have not a silo build one if you can because all borera in corn put into the silo are killed. 4. Cut the corn just as low as pos- gible for otherwise many borers will be left in the stubble, but if cut very low over 90 per cent. will be taken Into the silo. 6. Put the cora into the silo as soon as possible after cutting lo pre- vent borers coming out of the cut stalks and entering the stubble. 6. Lf there is no silo and the borers are present it will be necesrary to burn the stalks and cobs or to run them through a shredder to kill all borers present. In conclusion we request any per- son outside of the counties referred to above, on finding 6 borer in his corn, to pul it In @ tin box and send it either to Mr. Arthur Gibson, Dom- injon Entomologist, Ollawa, or to L. In Many west. | thet” : as ewite beats “at ‘ani topertéar atrid . . in the Cape was owned by the man who worked the switches, but who had lost both legs in a railway”accident. On the platform, in his charge,. were six levers, to each of which was given a name. He sat in a little wooden cabin with his understudy, and when a lever required shifting he would call out its mame. At once the baboon would swing the lever over, After the baboon had been thoroughly !a- structed, * was never known to nake a mista “In the morning it ran its master down to the scene of his work on & little hand-car, which it shifted from the rails and stowed away. Most of ie neey to the switch was down- grade, and on reaching the slope the baboon would spring on the vehicle and evince the liveliest satisfaction as it skimmed along by grawtation. At night it replaced the car on the rails, avd, when its master had taken his seat, pushed him home again. “Occasionally the animal was brought to a certain hotel and induc- ed to act as walter. It would carry a large tray and serve the customers, but it insisted that its own portion should be placed on the tray. On ea tering the room where the guests were assembied it youid set tne tray down on the floor Fer? consume its etnias . ~~ a uy sum one guest to another. r. If any one at- tempted to help himself from the tray before the baboon had finiahed its portion, it would become violently en- raged, and scatter the contents in every direction. The remarkable ani- mal died after a lingering illneas in- duced by a blow on the back of the head that was inflicted by a drunken man with ao iron ber.” Disliked by George II. Old King George III, against whose rule the American colonies suc- cessfully revolted, must ha¥e turned in his grave a short time ago, when his nies descendant, the Prince of Wal made a fellow of the Royal Society. King George, to the day of his death never quite forgave the Royal Society, a scientific body founded long before he ascended the rone, for seriously offending him by passing a resolution in favor of the pointed lightning conductors to- vented by Benjamin Franklin. This was during the American revolution, and the king refused to patronize a “rebel's invention.” He had blunt conductors fixed on all his palaces, and ordered the Royal Soclety to re- scind their resolution favoring the other kind, The president, Sir John Pringle, replied thal duty as well as inclination would always lead him to meet his majesty’s wishes as far as possible. ‘But, sire,” said he, “I can- pot reverse the laws and operations of nature.” “Then you must resign,” stormed the king. And Sir John re- algn To Signal Distress. However well equipped with wire- less a ship may be, an accident that results {n its sinking puts an end to its distress signals, and may not even allow time to begin them, leaving its hurriedly manned lifeboats without any means of communication with each other or with a rescue ship. Ao eastern inventor has designed a simple and compact radio system in- teaded as permanent equipment for one or more Ufeboats on each vessel, says Popular Mechanics. The wire- less apparatus, used for both tele- graphing and telephoning, is Inclosed in a water-tight box at the stern, and grounded through a metal plate on the bottom of the boat. To shut out extraneous sounds and add to the sen- sitiveness of the set, the operator is equipped with a helmet containing the telephone receivers. An Old “Windjammer.” How long is a ship expected to “lbve'’? The question is raised by the recent return of the Victory to her old moorings once again. The vessels of past centuries had a career which seems to us moderns like the longe- vity of the patriarchs. The Princess Mary, which brought William of Orange to England, was in active service for more than 200 years. She was 72 years old when she arrived with the Dutch troops in Torbay, Un- der the name of Betsy Cairns she continued her labors after her 200th birthday in the transport trade be- tween Britain and the Weat Indies, foundering at last off our cliffs at the venerable age of 250. Oil Shale In England. The Norfolk oil shales are entirely different, geologically, from the well- known Scotch shales. They consist of a clay saturated with liquid petro- leum from some source below. A form of ozokerite occurs with them, When retorted they vield 46 ¢ re per ton of an oil practically free from sulphur asd rich in motor spirit and paraffin. The quantity of shale avail- able is practically inexhaustible, the amount being estimated ag 2,000,- 000,000 tons. This amount is suffi- cient to supply England's present oil needs, as indicated by her imports, for over a century. The production of pig iron in the United Kingdom during April 246,000 tons were hematite, 226,000 tons ic, and the remainder forge, Caesar, Provincial Entomologist, O. A. College, Guelph. This will help us in our Work agalnst the pest.— L. Cwesar, O. A. Coltege, Guelph. foundry, and other qualities. The preduction of steel ingots and cast- ings amounted to 793,000 tons. jamounted to 671,000 tons, of which. ~~ 4 Zl «4