By Heney Fora tn, tedibers Indep vadiin We ‘are on the very threshold *. “g@ge. The dates ate tinimpo , for in the advance of the wee ‘at the ages it is not the sharp-cut dates, ‘but periods of time, that are import- ant. Old things pass away in a. fad-' ‘eon process>new things gradua ily | dawn. Only on Iooking backward do the people usually realize that “» t thing took place back there.” Surprisingly few of the real turning points of the world come amid signs and wonders and people standing in| awe of what is passing. In the minds| of most, the War was the cataclysm, because It was neisy; but something | greater than the War, though much less ‘ous, ts in passage now. It is neither for man to help or hinder, but bold himself ready to do what is right, whatever may ‘be the circumstances. "When the age begins | to turn, we are too late to stop it, for/| the causes thereof were set in motion long ago and are now invincible. Nor! can we help the new age be born, be- cause we are but creatures of months, and the new age is a poy mi] orocess of formation. W will the Right, not for our sartioatar|: race or religion or nationality, but; the Universal Right, which harngis none, and in which eaote ‘Binds its own | fulfilment, le One of the principal human duties that devolve during periads of change is the duty of conscious allegiance | What do you, as a personality and in your personality, stand for? And are | you standing for it by standing with | others who are standing for it? These | are questions which are pressing! home from many directions today. The bugles of Time are blowing “As- . . . . . . . . . suc The time is coming when evelybody will have to take sides. Even those who thus far have never stood for any- thing in particular will have to stand by something in parti- cular. The days ef flabby straddling. pretending that there are no differemces or divisions, belong to the old era, and the new era will be ushered in with A new con- sciousness of allegiance. In the last analysis there are only two familles on the earth, and every sub-division which has been made relates to one family or the other, The man who is afraid to line up, is not a free man. The times are coming when it will not be within his own choice: he will be forced by the very pressure of circumstances to take his stand py the principles to which he belongs. e@M@eettoe uu wee eet evevebtebeene st eave ase eoeeeeneoeeeaeeeeneenehReneeebteee a *. . o sembly” and men are dividing them-, selves, each according to the moral note within. {tis nota question of allegiance to| opinions or programs or philosophies; ' it le a question of allegiance to moe continuing order of life. On the other| hand a man may be perfectly correct! in bis opinions and knowledge, and | yet everything he does may collapse and die because of moral anemia. In. this time of change It is not a ques-| tion of having the correct economic} theory, it is a question of being loyal) to the Right. ‘mmoral or unmoral | men never yet constructed an endur-) ing social structure, nor enforced aj single beneficial social change. This coming to conscious allegiance, is not always a pleasant experience. | Especially in this day when every- body is obsessed more or less with: the Idea of wanting to be a “00d | fellow,” and when the flabby philos-; ophy of “Boost” has reduced us to' spongy masses of saccharine sweet- ness Men bave been taught to put even their moral convictions in tle back- ground, indeed to possess no obtru- sive moral convictions, in order that, a false show of fellowship may be ade This fellowship has now fallen a-| part. It was based on nothing en-! during It hed no meaning except: @ desire to escape the penalty for be.' ing ‘‘different,"” which so many peo-! ple fear. It is a time now wun consclous allegiance costs something, for it will mean division, and division must be between those who will be loyal to moral conviction anil tyose who will not. And this. quite apart from the consideration of per-' sons or majorities. ] The country has had considerabie —— ‘The a Original TNR Biot are merely contrary, | lance, the : | 3 : . at give that side what belongs to it. , shows the gem concealed within it. experience lately. in the lining up of majorities on questions Hike Peace and Temprance, a the ma- jerity of the people always breileve, as a matter of principle, in Peace and : Temperance, it has been made to ap- pear that moral allegiance is sears just that easy.. It ia mot. ‘The line- Lup, impressive as {t was, has brought us neither Peace nor Temperance; and no such easy, ‘popular line-up ever will. The majority of the people are nat- | urally ‘straddlers. They are not in | the world to pioneer but to as happy as possible. If pioneering in a cause brings discomfort«they,; would lf Truth and-Error meet in cbmbat before their gaze, they | would rather walt and see which } proves the stronger. They may have a lazy faith thet Truth at last will win, but it may not be the time as yet, and they ‘do not wish to lend a |.premature support. And yet majorities are essential, ot to the truth, but to the acknow- ledguoeat of the truth; and minor- itles are essential to the fructifying ‘of majorities. The majority is the sodden doygh, the minority the yeast; it ig the yeast that changes the char- acter of the dough to something bet- ter. Majorities are the position to be taken, as it were; and sometimes| Truth takes It, and sometimes Error. The natural tendency to straddling inheres in most people, and the ex- erotions to this tendency are not al- ys praiseworthy. There are those because they like it; others are contrary be- cause mora! allegiance compels them. The majority wants to know if this thing cannot be amicably settled. No! It cannot be settled. There are some opppsites in the world that shall nevers¥e reconciled. There are some programs that shall never be harmonized. There are some wars which must continue until one side is exterminated. And that is what frightens some people. They want to be happy; they want to live and let live; they do not want to be bothered. They want leave to enjoy the world as it is, and if there are those who would improve the world,-let them lo so, but not in a ‘way that interferes with the present schedul It is not hard or hardened men that the world needs, but men of mor- al hardiriess laa possess spiritual backbones. Men to whom the pal- liatory “perhaps” ‘conta too easily, who are so impressed with the idea of “relativity” that they seek refuge in a near-vaccum, are men who are lack- ing in moral gristle. : An Idea may, be very valuable to them, but they are of no value to the Idea. And the world advances only as Ideas gather believing men about them. Tt is a time of taking sides. There is a growing pressure to that end. Whether, men desire it or not, the ‘tinké ts fapitily approacting when they will be counted on one side or an- other. In this country, at least, may be expected that the majority e right side, essed majority hal i rather not. alliance with the still small voice within. To take sides is not to exhibit pre- judice. That is where many people mistake. The men who are freest from any taint of prejudice are those who have taken sides with their con- victions, and stand there as sentinels and defenders. If you want to know where the prejudice in the world lurks, look | where there is no taking of sides, where everybody is trying to pre- tend that there is-nothing to take sides about. That is where you will find most of the world’s prejudice. man who has taken sides is thereby freed from prejudice. His step is open, frank. straightforward His energies are free to fow natural- y But a man who fears to take a | side finds prejudice grow within him like a cancer; dt grows from the tirri- tation of an unexpressed antagonism in conflict with an unexpressed alleg- It is suppressicn. However, the movemént has set in. and will be complete before the old era completely passes arid the new begins. Everyone will have to take his own side. It is not too early pow for everyone to/begin to ponder on which side he'really belongs, and whether, morally belonging to that ide. he has the moral hardihood to X-Ray Detective. The X-ray was a discovery unfor- tomate for smugglers. As an assistant to customs officers it has proved in- Take for instance the cake of soap which erstwhile was so safe a hiding Place for diamonds. It is not service- able for that purpose any longer, be- cause a radiograph of the soap cake Shoe heels and shaving brushes are likewise made useless (o the amuggler of precious stones, who ' formerly was able to rely upon them for escaping the payment of duty | Even coat buttons fail. The X-ray | pa aee8 through them all A Strange X-Ray. |: ‘Wiocowi ot ‘ol the Princ’g’s in Oot itl so | Am English ‘scientist has taken an | — | X-ray picture of the hand of an j zyptian princess of the second dyn- _SEWAnS pe (about 4500 B.C.), The picture |Was taken through the wrappings of et | the mummified body, showing all the |bomes with great clearness, and a IMITATIONS _Ting on the third finger ig An Up-to-date Sted. eoki | The up-to-date sled may be used in | summer as well as in winter. It is on the | sautpped with three removable rub ,ber-tired wheels and is guided down- Merits of (hill in summer by reins which turn ithe axle on which the front wheel MIN ARD'S ounted. — Own Proviace, Live Stock Bales and Rigg. Brot and. (Centributed by Ontario Department oi Agncu culture, Toronto) N the field of Agricultural Co- - operation in the Province of On- tario, the greatest advance dur- ing the year has been made in connection with the shipping of live stock. Five years ago there were practically no Live Steck Shippirg Clubs. At the present time between three and four hundred separate organizations (including Farmers’ Clubs) ship co-operatively. The.ma- jority of these ship to the Live Stock Branch of the United Farmers Co- operative Company, which handled about 30 per vi of the stock going through the y i nt indica- tions point ay co poset otis. within the next few years of the portion of the live stock oe Ontario being shipped co-operatively. The second Important development in the province Is that in connection with Egg Marketing. The year pre- vious to this there were about Alty active. Egg Circles in ‘the province marketing eggs and poultry, to the value of about $120,000. The num- ber of Circles -has increased until there are now some sixty in oper- ation, and Farmers’ Clubs as well as Ege Circles are now taking up this important work. The most notice- able development is in _the oust tricts for th purpose of establishing candling and rradine stations A alrasde same three districts are so Ougatized. each consisting of a dozen or more local circles. The United Farmers Co- operative Company has recently o a department for eggs and poultry and this fact will doubtless ye the same t as In connection with Live Stock Shipping. A development in connection with Co-operative Marketing is the move- ment on foot during the year to com- bine under one central company the manufacturing and marketing of the cheese from local cheese factories. This company has opened an auction market in Montreal with a successful and easschypar ome business. o-operative marketing of wool was continued last year through the Ontario Sheep Breeders’ Association as previously. The Canadian Co- operative Wool Growers, Limited, marketed a total of about 4,000,000 pounds, and of this amount Ontario supplied 775,000 pounds. It is esti- mated that Ontario's total production is about 2,500,000 pounds annually. Thus, 31 per cent. of Ontario’s wool rericus dis was marketed co-operatively last ear. A large proportion of the co-oper- ative work in the province is as on through unincorporated farmers’ clubs, of which there pe me twelve or thirteen hundred in The great majority of with the United Farmers’ Co-operative ompany, which acts as a wholesale house for these clubs. The amount of business transacted by some of the clubs Is remarkable. There are, of course, a number which do only part of their trading through the central company; the wholesale business, however, as reported in the annual statement of the central company, amounted to $8,500,000. This will no doubt show a substantial increase in the next BStalement, since the company has established a number of branch atores and additional separate de- Partments at the head office. With the Increase of business and the consequent larger financial! trans- actlons an increasing number of clubs have betome incorporated un- der the Co-operative Section of the Ontario Companies Act. During the year there have been egghty incorpor- ations, either as Share or Non-share Co-operative Companies. Where the club has reached the stage when it feels that incorporation will be bene- ficial, usually its business is on a falrly substantial basis and gives promise of being permanently suc- cessful. One such organization, for instance, handling live stock, feeds, grains and other commod#Hies and buying supplies, is doing a business which averages about $1,000 a day. here are other organizations in the province which do not actually carry on business, but whose work is one phase of co-operative endeavor Such organizations are,—Milk Pro- ducers’ Associations, Grape Growers’ Associations, Sugar Beet Growers’ Association, Tobacco Growers’ Asso- Clation and others of Ilke nature which endeavor to study market con- ditions and advise their members as Oo prices. In some cases the associa- tion confers directly with the trade as to the prices to be pald the grow- ers. Recent developments would indl- cate that out of these orgapizations May grow commercial co-operative eompanies of producers, controlling the output of the members. A great deal of preliminary work has been done by Department during the year in genection with production of eed, more particularly of potato peed in North- ‘This Worm is iemding Lo the organization of commercial seed centres The trend of Agricultural Oo-oper- ation in the province during the last the we tests | y@ar or so ls more In the direction of | Co-operative Marketing than pre- viously. Farmers’ Clubs are usually formed with the idea of combining the purchasing of supplies for its members, and this line of business is usually the first attempted by e clubs The amount of Co-operative aca sae business during the last r has, however, exceeded the sup- on business in the. provinca and justifies our opinion as to the rela- tive importance to the farmer of the Co-operative Marketing of his’ pro- ducts and buying of his supplies.— F. C. Hart, Co-operation and Markets Branch Toronto. J} is also a portable instrument j well adapted to domestic | | + oe fs + : Gelder rire b iin: NO X.—THE LUTE Luters or Lutists were attached to, the ‘household of Kings and ‘Queens, and this form was not abolished = til the 19th century. The Lute was the most popular in-' strument during the 15th, 16th. and 17th centuries. It is an instrument} traced from Egypt. where it appears | depicted in sculptures; the lute held | a prominent place in European home! life and was only supplanted by the key-board instruments of the piano) type. Lutes were generally built very!) artisticaily, the pear shaped body be-| ing composed of narrow strips of. wood glued together with great care, the lute originally had eight thin! gut strings arranged in pairs, each, pair tuned in unison, this same in-) strument was ponsiiered exceeding-| ly difficult to tune. \ The tute was popular because its, during {ts long existance and the! mandolin may be considered as its most modern form The lute was the “except the organ” ent the harmonic first instrument to make promin- style as contrasted with contrapuntal. it was the favor- ite instrument of high society and was Instrumental in fumillarizing the musical world with that form of mus ic, of melody supported by chords The lute was popular because its playing required less meéchanica! in- genuity to bring {t to perfection, it and perform. ances. - The of music written for the mainly of dance tunes kin lute consist | in sets, with some fanctful move- ments; but the ornamental parts in music seemed childish and tame, yet this kind of music formed the basis of a tong and continuous improve- ment including fantasias and pre- ludes; simple passages of runs and arpeggetos The pianoforte ls now the most famillar object In domestic life and occuples the position at one time held by the lute, the pianofirte has B great advantage over previous in- struments from a purely practical polnt of view The lute music was usually slow soft and delicate, it would uelitber rage nor rattle. the music was cer tainly peculiar and was written on a six Ine staf The period of the invention of the lute is still a matter of speculation some having said that it ia of Asiatic origin. Of the principal players and writ- ers for the lute we mention Kaps- berger, a German Jute player apd composer, who spent most of his timé’ in Italy composing for this instru- ment and the volce, Lambert. born 1610. was another great lutist. He was master of cham- ber music to Louis XIV and composed | music for the lute and was himself a great virtuoso.’ Gaultier, of the same period, was another lute player of fame and was renowaed for bis execution, He, with his cousin Jacques. established a BCnOO! IOT 1uLe Playing 10 aris which proved a great success Galilei, who is said to have form- ed the basis for the more modern vocal solo, composed many airs for single voice with accompaniment on’ the lute, was also a great musical theorist The lute wgs considered the most difficult instrament to tune, much patience and perfect ear being re- quired. Mattheson, (1720) calculated despondently that “if a lute player had lived eighty years. he has prob- ably spent about gid years tuning, his instrument.” It is even record- ed that Mary. Queen of the Scots. required persons from London to tune her tute. Much paienvare has been publish-| concerning the lute, eves and | of Bunday Schools and Young ee eae Missionary in Afsica, Sister of Local Minister The Banner is pleased to be able to publish the following letter trom] Miss E. 8. McKenzie, -missidnary in: Africa. and a sister of Rey J Me-| Kenzie. Congregational minister of | Listowel | Miss McKenzie was formerly prin-' cipal of Blenheim high school, at a, salar? of $1400. and now recelves, $600 as a missionary at Dondi, Af- rica. about 300 miles inland from the) coast town of Lobito She only re) dently arrived in Africa, after being | a yearn Portugal. where she learned | the Portugese language. which will be a considerable asset to her in migs- ionary work Means School Hondi, Sept 1920 My very dear mother, father and all Here | am at last at the end of my! journey, and L hardly know where to b gin to write to you Bul first let me thank you for the very welcome letters | found awaiting me. three | from mother, and one from Esther. , also for the parcel with hymn book | and cheese cloth which, had safely arrived and the posteardé, Christmas| JO, cardsetc The laat letter of mother’s) was dated Aug Sth, so that wags not} bad There were some other Can-' adian letters awaiting me here and! 1 also recejved about twelve letters! of welcome from varjous missionaries | here | Agaiu, many thanks for the letters moth» rand Esther Mother sugwest- ed that I might not be feeling up to the mark physically just after arriving. which proved to be true as her congectures so often are We, arrived Sunday evening after a rather | trying, tho’ very interesting ra! lway | journey, trying because we were in| a little coach put on behind especially | for us and However | bad night, tho’ tired, but took 5 grs quinine before going to bed us I had a little cold, and it too much for my stomach, taken 2% grs before without being upset.) Anyway during the night and| the next day I wasn't up to much mut am getting along fine now And now to go back Lobtto about 11 am Sat and left there on the 1.00 pm | As there was not lime to gel | all the baggage through. Dra Cum- mock and Hall stayed behind We | were very fortunate lo get a train out, of Lobito the same day, as they say! accommodation for visitors is poor; there I think all mv baggage cume through without castoms The railway from Lobito is o great) work of engineering skill It winds | in and out the mountains. getting | higher and higher, until it lands us here at a level of ever 5000 ft above, tirst| Su We ianded | In on 8 urday, Lrain the sea. We stopped about an hour} for dinner at one station Friday ev-) ening, where we got out and found tables set and ready for passengers In a kind of pavilion. under Port- uguese management, and with bleck | boys to waitton us About siz o'clock | the next morning Mrs Cammack | and*her children got off We stopped | again for lunch the next day at atatian where there wae oe Portuguese hotel tvery primitive jn style, bul aa ‘ =a 4 - = - ve tg = ake 4 ay story are ful! of allusions to the: “trembling tute” the “whispering, lute’ and the ‘warbling lute."’ The lute disputes with the organ the honor of first having composi-| tlons written for it F Encouraging Increase— The membership of Methodist Sun Schools throughout Canada in- creaped by 22,000 during 1920, with a total enrollment of 445.000 at the! end of the year, according to the sec- | retaries’ reports submitted at the an nual meeting of the General Boer ple’e Societies of the Meatnadint ' Church | sing alto /8O sweetly Bell who i# at pleasantly surpr when Mr (a missionary trom Dondl, ised present taking Mr Tucker's place) Zot.on the train He had come there on business. and wae not really ex- pecting us as he had no: recelved our telegram from the coast He came the rest of the way with us §M our “special car.’ and When we arrived at Bela Vista he despatched boys off to Dond! for bush cars, and we be- gan an easy walk. until we were met by the bush cars Then came some fun, getting in one for the first time 1 bad Mrs. Swaddling and Mrs. Hall In the first (wo. and I took the, third, but ms two native boys proved ‘to be Tery ambitious and swift of feet, and s00D ran pas! the other two and brought me to the outside of Mr Bells house some time before the others Mire Bell. Mrs Dart. ard Miss Melville of Chisamka (who had vome to meet the Halls) were stund ing outside ready to recelve us. But 1 haven't told you yet that when | arrived at the coast |! recelved a big surprise as letters were there telling me that I had been appointed for this year to the Means School for girls at Dondi This. as you have probaliv seen by letters in the leaflet is on the other side of the stream from the boys’ Insiltute, and js a guod half hour's walk from there It ts reaily not a part of the strictly Can 'adian work. tut last vear they had a (anadian here ¢Mrs Currte. and vou probally read her letter in the Leafle: saying how happy sbhe s here Well I don't suppose I'll be here permanently, but 1 don't think I could bave been in a better place for the first year It seems that I was first voted to Kamnudongo, but they were so much in need of a teach er there who knew the Umbunodu and could take charge at once, that a change Was made, Mere Currie being sent there and | here Mists sStubey who came out a little over a year ago ta be principal of the girls’ boarding school here. Knows the language well ‘a ‘> z © Fd , enough to take charge this year, and ~* Iam going to help by teaching Fort- uguese and some music in the girls’ school, and also probably couduct two Portuguese reading week of the Boys’ Institute But i have broken the thread of my story and must go bark lonly stayed a few minutes at Mre Bell's, as word naa been gent over here that | was coming 1 got into the bush car again. the boys trotted of and | was quite pleased to {lad Nd kuew a little Portuguese, so that could say a few things to them - heo Il got near the house Mrs. Web- ster and Miss Stubey came down the walk to meet me and the girls from the sehool (44 in no.) came trippin down in a body, ringing a bell, and as soon as they reached the bush car began to sing a bymo in Umbundu “Tenderly guide us O Shepherd of Love " [Tt was just beautiful Some and their volces blended It was certainly a stir ring few minutes for the emotions When we reached the nice large ver- anda. I sat on a chair while they sang another Umbundu hymoa Then we went in the most homelike little home. presided over bv aneh ewes! faced lady with white hair (Mrs Webster,) and I had a real homelike tea, poached egg on toast ete. Boon after ten some of the girls and other Natives came jn to greet me and gat round for a while on the floor and on stools. among them two young mothers with thelr Htthe ones en ihetr backs Then after a little con- versation I had a warm sponge bath and went to bed about bed time tonight, so T Mmuat sav good night We go to bed at nine and get up about 6.30 1 gay 5 we. | haven't done the } tatier yet, but expect tao begin soon, I certainly em | Brateful that I have been placed in such beautiful peaceful surroundings, and know you would be if you could take a peep in here. Goodnight dear ones ‘ lessons a Bg I ¢ t S And now it is just