Take a compass a mip. Meas-j ure a river knd note the distance | from iis source to its Mouth. I may | be only about 120 miles. Yet meas | urs ft along all its windings, and you i will ‘fd that its actual Tength is more -- than double that. It is,in fact, close | upon £50 miles, ae The Rhine and the Danube wind! ' about fn similar fashion. As for the w great Mississippi, there are eee Rte at of it, which curve so | t you miay sieam twenty miles rae} fl Yourself onty two or three away from your starting point. j Study the map a little more and | you will discover another curious | : point—that rivers which run through | tin Hat country wind more than those | i which comeée\down swiftly through mountain valleys. A river making its way from source to sea naturally finds its way through the lowest levels of the val- leys through which it runs. But iwhen, as in the case of the Missisippi, it rurs for great distances throug country almost as flat as a pancake, it is’ clear that this,cause alone Is not sufficient to account for its cur- fous curves, Recent , peeenscees show that r un- ning wa ater has a certain rep thisie motion, and that it presses not only forward, but also to each side. Grant- ed that the earth is soft and that the current is not confined by rocks, this is the real reason of its serpentine course, Man may straighten the course of a river by canalizing it, but if he does so it is absolutely necessary that he make the banks solid with stone or cement. If he should fail to do 80, the first flood will break the banks down on one side or the other, and ,» within the course of a few years the river will be winding along as crook-| edly as ever before Gold As a Cure for Fevers. The very latest post-war discovery is the treating of certain ailments by means of injections of diluted gold. ‘This very expensive method of restor- ing lost health was discovered by a French doctor, who has completely cured a wealthy Parisian of a com- plaint similar to shell-shock. Although gold is very scarce present, a limited supply is wealtabes ‘ for medicinal purposes, The price for one injection of good quality gold sometimes reaches $250, while in one or two exceptional cases go ec- tfons have cost over $500 each. Con- sequently, only very rich persons can at present tindergo this gold treat- ment, which has been suecessful in Tescuing several ‘cases of complete nervous breakdown, ? It should be remembered, however, that the gold Itself is of no real value ‘us a tonic. The {dea in making the injections is to liven up the patient and prevent him or her 5 ing too seriously. This done, doctors believe that half the bettle is won. er It will also be vi interesting to know that this gold treatment is now | used in several of the largest ,.. furopean hospitals. Until now, only: Rervous people and those suffering from mental disorders have been tréated, but experiments have recent- ly shown that gold injections, costly though they are, are of great value in allaying fever and kindred diseases. | Strange to say, the injections are not made through the usual typa o syringe, but generally through a con- | ical-shaped tube of pure platinum costing $450. Candle Vapor Deadly. One of -the many ingenious con-. trivances developed during the re- cent war was the “smoke candice.” Such candles were little cylindrical boxes containing samoke-producing chemicals, which could be ignited at: @ moment's notice by a sort of fric- tion device. They were used to con-) ceal the movements of small gro: ins | of men. When touched off they were simply placed on the ground, to make , |f smoke screen. | The Americans thought it wol4 |be a goad idea to use smoke candles: ‘that would give off a poisonous: smoke. ‘These improved candles did | not come into use during the war, but since then the chemists of the U. S. War Department have perfect- ed them. The poison stuff uavd is a ecoal-tar product which, a solid at or- dinary temperatures, ,vaporizes in the heat of the burning candle. The! vapor will penetrate moat gaa masks. ' The military authorities think that ! such poison smokes will find very ex- tensive use in future warfare. The smoke of a smoke-canile in| usually white. To be effective for con- eealment, {t must, of course be as opadue as possible; and it must also be heavy, so as to be not easily ° blown away by a light breeze. Can- | dles that produce a smoke of zinc chloride meet these requirements | admirably, but the addition of ‘‘di- Phenylichlorarsine” makes them pois- onous as well. 4 CREOPHOS TONIC BUILDER § RELIEVES BRONCHITIS * NYE dL » abe For sal ni awe tne sdetn, Ht. ahd A. Stunt, | tion and continued , Germans out of gunshot. On Auxuast ‘9 and 10 wireless messages, evident- GOEBEN ‘AND AND HRESLAC. British Admiral We Was In Difientt Position—He Knew That Wer Was About to Be Declared But Could Not Attack Vessels Until Officially Notified That ‘He Might Do So—Milne Answers Corbett. MONG the questions arising ont of the-war upon which Céxperts differ “and probably will continue to do so ‘s the case of the German cruisers Goeben and Breslau, which ran a British naval gauntlet from Messina to the Dardanelles, It will be recalled that when these ships arrived at Con- stantinople and the British demanded that they should be. obliged to lemKe port within the time allowed by international law for such calls, the Turkish Government announced that it had purchased the ships. This was an outrageous breach of neutral- ity, but at the time it was hoped and believed by the British Government that Turkey might remain neutral. Nothing therefore was done that would have the tendency of driving her into the German camp, although her action with regard to the cruis- ers showed plainly enough what she was likely to do. Later on it was asserted that if these ships had not made the Dardanelles in safety Tur key would not have entered the war since she would have been withou suitable ships to repulse an attack upon Consta ople. In his “OMeial Tistory of the War” Sir. Julian 8S, Corbtt is inclined to lame .Admiral Sir A. Berkeley Milne, commander of the British eet in the Mediterranean, for per- mitting the two crulsers to escape. Now Sir Berkeley issues a statement defending himself and trying to show that he tried to obey the conflicting instructions of the Admiralty. and that nobody could have done any bet- ter. He succeeds in proving thai the escape of the two ships had nothing to do with Turkey joining Germany, since an alliance had already been entered into between the two powers before the adventure of the ships. He points out, too, that in theélast week of July, 1914, and the first few days of August certain precautions had to be taken which subsequent LAs Layo to a been needless. Ther: for instance, ,the i- bility that, ‘ttaly miaat adhere to the Triple ee and throw In her lot with Germa In June "Adoniral Milne had visited. Constantinople and found the Dar- danelles mined, so oo visiting ves- Is were obliged t o take a conrsé which brought rn under the gros of shore batteries... Whether the mines were lald with a view to con- tingencles growing out of the Sar- bian affair, or because Greece and Turkey seemed then on the verge of r it not stated. At any rate, Tur- rer was ready for eventuallttes, The British Mediterranean ficet wes somewhat weakened at the moment because the battle cruiser Indomit- a was at Malta, where her annual overhauling had just begun. Never- theless, it is not contended that fhe British fieck was not powerful enough to cope with the German cruisers, though the Goeben was as fast, or perhaps Spain tha Nhe British cruisers on the s de July 20 Admiral Milne received instrur- tions from the Admiralty to the ef- fect that the situation was very seri- ous, and that he must prevent the escape of the Breslau and Goeben, though he was not permiited to open hostillties upon them, He was aup- posed to follow them about and try to be in a position to strike when war was declared. But these instructions wert sc- ondary to his first duty of covering the movement of French troops from Africa to Europe.” On August 2 a Part of his command was despa!clied to keep the Goeben under observa- tion, while other vessels were sent to watch various pathways~ which she might take if it became necessary for her to make a run for safety. He had also to keep watch upon italian and Austrian naval movements ‘n the Adriatic. On August 3 the Goeben and Breslau were sighted by the [n- defatigable and the Indomitible. uns were ready and the Yessels passed each other without saluting. No shot was fired, for a state of war |had not yet been declared. If the British cruisers had then been per- mitted to attack Admiral Milné has littte doubt that the Germans would ther sunk or captured. The British ships followed them for / some time, but the Germans vanished 'just about the hour the admiral got his final instructions that tlois were at war. They re picked up, later by a smaller British squadron, by no means capable of giving them battle. Yet fre was opened on the Breslau, which was behind the Goeben, and some damage is supposed to have | been done. When the Goeben swing the na- ‘i round to the help of the Breslau the British commander broke off the ac- to follow the ly from the German ships, were 9ick- ed up, but it was impossible to lvarn from what quarter they were coming, ‘and consequently there. was no way | of locating them. It is presumed that ;at this time nobody knew that the :Goeben and the Breslau were bound ‘for the Dardanelles. Otherwise it would have been a simple matter to send sufficient ships to await their arrival, while the others hunted through the Mediterranean and the Adriatic. It is not known that they slipped under the protection of the Turkish guna at i When a British ship tried to get through af- ter them she was stopped by the been sunk had she Arctic animals turn white every Winter. wise *world we the holesevery morning. The drillers would finish their work at midday, and lay the charges with enough fuse to give me fifteen minutes to reach e top. “One day I entered the well to in- sert the dynamite and as usual left four men at the windlass. | placed the explosive in the holes as 1 had ae often done before, lit the fuser nd waited to see that they were burning. I then stepped into. the bucket, grasped the rope and signee. led to be hoisted. I waited, but got no resporse, Thinking that the men had not heard my signal, 1. shouted for them to hurry. There was no answer. I looked tp and @w no one. 1 thought it very strange; I had ieft the natives in their accustomed places, and they were always in a great hurry to hoist me out after recelving the signal. Then it camé over me.that 1 was deserted. “I grasped the rope ani begen to haul as fast as-my trembling hands would let'me. Stddenly the rope stopped with a jerk, and [ started climbing hand ever hand. ~ arms ached! Should I never reach the top? | spread out my legs, hop- ing to find some little projecting piece of rock on which to relleve my arms. The rope began to cut into my flesh, but I managed to coll it round my hand and thus make a little headway. “Finally, 1 reached the_earth wall and realized that it was only ten feet to the top and safety. I remember making the last supreme effort an coming into the bright sunlight against. the beam of the windlass; then as | struggled over the edge something struck mé@as with a dozen hanimers in my back. I knew no more until I found myself in bed, with several people standing round. ‘Th ad quarralled and had gone to a stable close by to set- tle their dispute. It never entered their heads that their boss was in ii The Art of Present-iiving. It is generally supposed that wo- man's chief interest in a gift is cen- tred in its symbolism. But it would seem to be the other way about. / “Men are the sentimentalisi(s in the matter of gifts, not women at ull,’ says Mr. Ro. oger Englewood, in Suiuay at Home... “Most a for jnsiunce, feel a vague disappointment when the affection which varlous members of their household have for them js embodied on their birthday in things to wear—necktie,, gloves, slippers, umbrella. Sentiment does not go with these things.‘ You cannot buy senti- ment at the haberdasher’s. The neck- tie wil] fray, the gloves will split, the slippers tread down at heel, and ile umbrella be left behind in the street car, and where will the sentiment ve then “A man, after the first satisfaction at the saving to his pocket has. dis- appeared, does not care for anything wearable, nor even for anything utlili- tarian and necessary. e does not Want a8 presents the sort of things he would have to buy for himself in the ordinary course of events. What he prefers to receive is something superfluous, accessory, and decora- tive, something which adds a beau- tiful or a curious touch to his man- telshelf or his writing-table or his book:ase—-a photograph frame, a statuette, a paper-weight, a fancy calendar, any little etcetera. “But what sort of present, as a rule, does a woman care tor more than something to wear? It will wear out, of coursé, or rather, long before it is really worn at all it will go out. But that does not matter. Let the husband give up the pleasing thought that his wife atiaches-a keepsake value to his gifts! That was all very well during courtship. She has the measure of her husband's pocket now. And she may be pardomed if she has a wistful eye for the invis- tble ticket on the goods—the ticket which the shopkeeper was at so much pains to remove. She is simply stand- ing up for the dignities or the new Situation. She does assess the value of the gift according to the sacrifice of money or thought it cost him,” B “< Flint-Knapping. One of the most ancient of English industries—that of fiint-knapping— is still carried on_at the litule Sufholk town of Bran tecording to sofie authorities, are the direct descendants of the Neolithic makers of stone axes and urrow- heads. The fact that Brandon bas 30 long been the centre of the flint-4 knapping is said to be due to two ‘auees—the abundance of flint in the aeéighboring quarries of rimes Braves and the dexterity of the Hran- don craftsmen in working this refrac- tory material. They make yam and tinder-flints for which there atill a considerable demand in North Africa, the Congo Basin, and some jarts of Asia and South America. The methods used In shaping the flinits jiffer little from those used by pre- iistoric man when he made stone txes. The Brandon knappers are also wdepis in making axes, arrowheads, and other stone implements, which wre difficult to distinguish from gen- ulne prehistoric relics. In normal times Brandon exports about 3,000,- 000 gun-flints, every fear; and when the war put a stop to this foreign trade, the knappers found compens- ation In the greatly-increased demand for tinder-fllnts among both soldiers and civilians. To Utillze Waterpower. Scottish interests are planning to pg 42, Avi electrical horsepower three lakes, and to ies — wipe running to waste in the watershed of the Tay. Forty-two per cent. of the clergy live to be septua genarians. lambs to an extent ja sharp knife. by workmen whu, | Carefully Done—How to Do the May Be one at the 7 Same Time. ‘(Contributed o. Ontario Degeyement oI Agriculture, Toronte: RY substantial benefits pe" trom the PATE tration lambs: First, ey mak more weight ma an be age—castrated lambs are more quiet, and so make better gains. Second, they are more easily managed—boib | Lsexes may rin together at all times | without the danger. that the females will be bred. Third, early castration results in the production of a better reass, as it prevents undue de- velopment of the head, neck, and the front quarters. As stated before, buy- ers severely discoun! uncastrated ging from §2 to $5 per hundred /pounds in com- parison with ted and docked jambs of the same age. Castration is not dangerous if a little care is taken, and can be per- formed by any careful person who | will follow directions. Lambs should | be castrated when they are from 7 to 14 days old. Choose a bright day: do not castrate Iimbs on a damp, éhilly, or rainy day. Select from the fidck all lambs that are to be cas- trated and fence them off so that they can be caught without undue excitement. Never worry or chase lambs before performing the oper- ation. Provide a clean stall or p.n for them to go back to after the operation is performed. The oper- ator’s hands must be clean and ‘the tite disinfected. The lamb should be held against the body. Cut off one-third of the lower end of the scrotum,‘or bag, s0 as to permit good drainage. Then expose the testicles, and with the left hand force them out, holding them in this position by a firm erip between the thumb and fingers, which are held close to the abdomen ,of the iamb, Next, grasp the testicles frni- ly between the thumb and fingers of the right hand, and draw them out with the adhering cords. ly, and the testicles and adher- ing cords should be drawn out with a | steady pull, The wound should ihen be washed with a creolin or lysol preparation. lambs are older than three weeks before the operation ed\out but scraped off with a knife back of the testicle. The scraping is done to prevent excessive bleeding Lambs should be kept quiet after they have been castrated. It is best o perform the operation in the morn- | rit so that. they’ can be watched dur- ing the day and attention given any that become too weak from [nes of blood. - can be docked at the same time that they are castrated. Wien care is used both operations can be performed at the same time and labor saved, as the lambs will have to be caught only once, It should be a uniform practice to dock when the lambs are from 7 to 14 duys ol |. The lamb’s tail renilers no sthustan- tial benefit to the animal. lis pres- ence is injurious because of the filth that accumulates sround and beneath it. Moreover, lanibs are more attrac- tive and look neater and deeper in the leg and twist if the tail is dogked. When the tails are left on fe uiales they are apt to fall to breed. e two preferable ways of remov- ing a lamb’s tail are by using a sharp knife or the docking irons. On man holds the lamb while the other performsthe operation. Whén docking with the kaife the operator, by feeling on the inside of the tall, first locates the joint io be cut, which is about 1% inches from the body. He should then push the skin on the tail back towards the body of the lamb so as to leave some surplus skin to grow over the stub The cut should be made quickly with if any lamb should bleed tod much a piece of cord imiay be tied very tightly om the stub of the tail close to the body, to stop the bleeding, but the cord’muset be re- moved in a few hours or\ jibe tall will slough off. When hot pincers or dovtne irons are used, no danger need be feared from loss of blood. Old sheep can he docked successfujly in this way. The —— should be heated to a cherry- . not™hotter, and the tail caved off at from 1 to 1% Inches from the bedy, The wound will be seared over and no blood lost. When the irons are/Oeed at proper tem- perature the wound wil! heal satia- factorily, but probably not so quickly as when the knife is used. The wound ts also sterilized and needs no further attention. When the lamba are Im a pen near at hand, with one man to catch them and another to hold them, from 9 to 12 lamba can be docked without heating the irons pelt The lambs should be watched for a few days to see that they-ire recovering from the operations satis- | U. 8. | factorily.—Condensed fro Farmers’ Bulletin No, 1134, A Good Lawn. A good lawn is best made of 80 per cent. Kentucky blue grass and 20 per cent of white clover and red top. The red top and white clover are tem- porary graseesa and soon give way to the blue grasa. They do give a ,ood quick lawn. Good deemrich soft and pure Ken- | tucky blue grass seed Make good lewns. Weedy lawns are a result of poor soil or sometimes tuo small shade, Spade up weedy patches, out in well rotted manure and if need new and re-sow with Kentucky biue grass; add a little clover ind red top. ~ -, a ty a ee se ee Sees “Booze”. Shall the importation and the brin cating liquor into the cette = i of intoxi- prohibited? sco th jails were half a i Wz HILE t imporeation of — into “ | by “in-Council, Ontario’s Since that order ‘was resci inded, imported “Booze” has been filling them up again. ntario was rescinded: Commitments for et increase, 1,096. Jail Commitments —Before and after the Federal war-time Order- in-Council prohibiting importation of liquor into Commi ; itmen’ nts for All Crimes. Net increase, 1,660. province. Imported “Booze” is demoralizing social con- © ditions, breeding a disregard of law, endanger- ing the home and menacing the youth of this Imported “Booze” expressed wili of the people. is defeating the Vote—and Vote, “Yes” Let us shut the door te Imported “‘ Booze’ Ontario Referendum Committee The work | bakes be done quickly but not | a good antiseptic, | such as a weak carbolic solution, or | ia per- | formed the cords should not be pull- | ~ Choicest Meats Adways in stock. = 138 | The Modern Meat Market J. H. McDONALD, Proprietor | Women Are Smoking. Pepe smoking seems to be oa increase ‘among London women, es | fashionable cigar stores ee | dainty small briars, some set wit precious stones, according to the on don correspondent of the New York | Tribune. It is said there is a growing demand for these. Alt one West London theatre where ' | WONTREAL ‘smoking is permitted lwo smartly dr@ssed women were seen the other evening in a box puffing at their | Jeweled pipes, and soon an old Irish- | woman in the gallery, followed suit. Hers was a clay “‘cutty." In a first-class railroad car between |Horsham and London a quarrel arose {the other day between a number of Non-smoking wamen-and another wo- {man who refused to put out her cl- 4%eunk Ticket rear at her sister travelers’ behest. | District Passe ended in ome of the anti-smokers {peste the offending cigarette, sole: | \ {mounted tortoiseshell holder and all, jand reagent it out of the window. uineas and costs will meet |= |tne pic "said the magistrate. Western Ontario Best |! Commercial School CENTRA é STRATFORD, ONT. Our winter term commen- ces Tuesday, Jan. 4th, and students may register in our Commercial, Shorthand or Telegraphy departments at any time. Our courses are thorough and practical, and we assist graduates to pogi- tilions. Get our free cata- logue. D. A. McLachlan, Princi GRAND TRUN Double Track Route RAILWAY SYSTEM between TORONTO DETROIT CHICAGO Unexcelled Dining Car Service. Bleeping cars on night trains and parlor cars on principal day trains. Full information from any Grand agent or C. E. Horning nger Agent, Toronto. A. M. SMITH, Station Agent. J. A. HACKING, Town Agent. i The en TNR G oe ean