Le ny le * COUNTY OF PERTH HERALD < Foreign Entelligence. ee ee he EN eM nm i i A "Grom i the Saturday Review, y= 'Lord' Naas expressed a "general: opinion when he deprecated unheeessary interference in Chinese 'affairs. 'The unforeseen estab- lishment of/ an: English 'Empire 'in' India _has proved, on. the whole, a.suceessful jacci- dent; but the risks and drawbacks of the experiment form a sufficient warning against "any attempt to repeat it. .Politigal economy has ¢ome into existence since the days of 'Olive, 'and traders'no' longer 'believe in' the expediency of \commencing" operations by conquering their customers... Even if the golden days of the East India Company "could be recalled, China would scareely re- ward the enterprise ¢ of the adventurous sol-, diers 'and statesmen who 'supplanted the 'great'mogul. "There are no Chitiese Rajahs -or Nawaubs to'-dethrone, nor are' there ,jagheers to.earn from the gratitude of pre- tenders restored, to, their, dominions; It is only in a rhetorical and hostile sense - that an "English 'Ambassador at Pekin | can be called the 4 ee Minister of the Emperor. There may possibly be a.risk,of renewed war with the central Government, and, at present, "decasional 'collisions lake place, with the ett *putt'the' Housé of Commons may be well.assured' that n6' English Minister' 'will 'attempt' to 'ereate'a territorial 'dependency -in Chinas' 'As Mr: Layard 'said, there is no _dispogition to intimate the policy of Russia, |! which, has lately.oexpanded:in' the remote East for, nine hundyedamiles along the coast. | An, endeayouring to, create a little India of her own in Coehin-China, Franceisimitating |" .& policy. "which, England., has. definitively abandoned. | The, present state -of affairs-in China, . is, suffigiently .pexplexing; :and » un- friendly. critics ¢an easily show. that: the com- mercial vactivit ity,.,of England, involves) an anomalous, interference 'with.;the affairs! of.a foreign, comntryy| Mn.\Cobden's plan of buy- ing, .tea. and: silk,i ankof askingmo further Auestions, would if other things were equal he in all xespeets preferable, to a complicated mixture of diplomacy and military-assistanee; but it, must be rememberedithat before pur- chases, can be, made, there must, be-an)aecces- slble market, that the trading ports where tea and silk are progured,.were opened.-byi means of successive, wars, and. that: they would, pro- bably, not: be retained. if all, active ose t were wholly discontinued... «+, _, Like, all Opposition, pote tha on Chinese affairs, Lord, Naas denounces,the trade-in opium, as the original cause of the first:war withChina,and as the immediate consequenée of the suppression of the Company's mono- poly, 'The-diseussion of the subject could only -be material if'any: party; in 'or Out of Parliament, proposed to' rertew the exclusive license Of the'Conipany, 'or tb' prevent the Indian Government from' setiding opiuni to China: *.It' may"have been both immioral and impradent to' ¢oerce the Chinese ihto commercial interedurse, and fitially to com- pel the signature of'a treaty within the walls of Pekin. Nevertheless} the vast éxtension of the trade is exeltisively attributable to tlie strong mieastires which' have been adopt- ed; und: probably: neither" Lord Naas nor Mr..Cobden* would be prepared to recur to the insignificant dealings of thirty years ago. It'is;as Lord Palmerston argued, impossible to retire from China, of to subside into total inactivity. "At present, the representatives of the civilized' world 'act in' that' remote region with @ harmony which is obviously dictated: by. common interests; * but' in 'the absence of .an' English « Aiiiaoasidir, the Frengh, the Russias, ahd 'the Atmeriéatif might be tempted to tise their influence for the .exclusive benefit "of. their' réspective countries. ' The coimoty action' of the For- eign' Ministérs forms a®stifficient security hepinihs theattemptto "establish an Eng: lish' sovereignty -- in' China." "NIthoteh Sir' F.. Brace has « happily-'no Dapleix or Suffren ; to. oppose'+ and to counter plot, his French colleague, would certainly not assist him in any project for superseding the Chinese Government. «The diploniatists at Pekin appear to be' unanimous in' their desire, to. support the Imperial: power, sand their sincerity: iswbest<proved by their free: dom from reciprocal jealousy. Itis possible that they- may havé béeh 'mistaken' in' the medns Which they have' employed; and eyén' iti tthe'selection.-of their: immediaté object ; buteit is uhdéhiable that they wish'to réstére order, and to Promote foreign comiiére by increasing the Prosperity Of the' populiitioti The; French' priests' may,- 'perhaps, feel" Sa special. antipath}-to~ithe 'Paepings, on' the' ground: that:their confused réminiscesces 'of! Protestant. dottrines' have -- a 2 fiion oft ja baw wing vt ; eaueginid Hind jeeomiqyeA dila Litt Hew | dgisiw ban Veivg od Mia veult Si ties before they have ceased to be heathens ; " cnn eee responsible laymen support ey Pere: ' English Policy in China. oil ph rt oer It may be perfectly true 'that the Chinese in thé Tuiperial Service 're nearly as crnel as 'thé rebels, and that, under their native generals, they are' 'tions? 'cowardly. The sa- cred right-of 'insurrection is, 'according to Lord Naas, recoguised by Confucius, or by other national sages, and even when philo- sophers are\silent;»rebellion often proves it- self the most; effective check.on an oppres- sive despotism. .,; Asiatic subjects of abso- lute, masters may not unreasonably complain of European, intruders who render a Goy- ernment irresistable i in fact, when it was before only irresponsible in theory. The Chinese, though they are, in ordinary cir- 'cumstances, submissive, are by no means énthusiastically 'loyal. Some centuries of competitive! examination have utterly anni- hilated all-:respect for every office except the 'Crdwn, 'which has hitherto not been award- ed by anurks to 'well-crammed 'students.-- Few reigns have been exempt from provin- cial insurrections, and piratical fleets have habitually harassed the coasts of the Em- the community. "Lord Naas plausibly re- 'moustrates against any 'attempt on' the part Loaf English fanetionaries'to ititerfere with the Constitutional Opposition which consists in the ravages and atrocities of the Paepings; Land there is, undoubtedly, Ae, sufficient reason or taking: part iy in, the ciy il war, except as far as it may be necessary | to protect English interests from immediate or contingent dan- ger. All parties agree that 'Shanghai and 'thé' Other ports 'its by 'the 'treaty must J |/be "forcibly defended Agailist "Aggression ; "atid 'the' ridivS of thirty' niles, Which lias been 'tabooed br Aéclared'iviolablé; has been fixed \py the! Pnglish and' Préneh' Generals 'onthe alleged eround'/ oftiiilitary Necessity. The vrule\of neutrality is on:all sides admit- ted, andithe only \remiinmg controversy relates, tothe numerous ;exceptions which haye been introduced,,,, As the English force has been largely, diminished, it may. be as- sumed, that the Goyernment _has no_inten- tion of extending military.» operations in China, The support which has heen ten- dered to. the Eniperor and to the Prince Kung takes the 'form of advice and facilities for thé improvement of civil and 'military organization ;" and' no réasdnable' objection ean 'be offered 'to the employment of English civil' servants by a foreign and 'friendly Government. " It! is more 'questionable whether: military and 'naval officers' should be encouraged to engage in'the 'service ofa semi-barbarous potentate: The English or Scoteh admirals who: created the'naval power of Russia, were merely . private adventurers, and , the, English officer who,is now an ad- miral in the Turkish nayy has, chosen his career on his, own exclusiye' responsibility, The, position of Captain Sherard Osborne more nearly resembles the command of the Spanish Legion by § Sir De Laey Evans under the direct authority of his own Gov ernment. Tf thé "'Anglo-Chinese commander were tn- fortunately decapitiited either by the Impe- Hl 'Authorities' or by' the rebels, it would be difficult to abstain from bithctfig rétribution. ~\'In certain stages 'of civilization; the most urgent' national want is thé need vf foreign guides 'and rulers. "Phe Turks;'who are, perhaps, the best soldiers.on the Continent of Europe, can find-no honest or intelligent officers of theirown to command-them. The Chinese, forming. the most. vigorous and ingenious population .of the East, have, by, means of the competitive system, eliminated eyery capable public servant from the ranks of the Mandarins. No Chinese prizeman can be trusted to collect the duties, or to take charge of an army or a fleet. Prince Kang has applied the only available remedy f6'the prevailing evil "Of peculation by ap- pointing an Englishman' to the head of the Customs Department, and 4t iW' hot surpris- ing that he' should look: to the same nation for:an' admiral who' will cértainly not ran away, and whov will:probably clear: the seas from 'pirates. The adventures, of no par- ticular, pedigree' or country, whe have lately organized. a Chinese forge; have the advan- tage of European or American desqen', and, consequently. they are likely to be more, than a match for the _Taeping g generals. The experiment, howev er, of employing' foreign comimianders whd owé allegianée to no special Governinent' is in the highest" detree 'dan- | gerous Raglsheofileerumhdvetain; Yor hope | to resume, theiryrank -in-their :own army or' pire With thé'tacit*or passive approbation of |: late on the possibility of carving out king- doms for themselves, The English Am- bassador can offer no objection 'to the em- ployment of foreign officers by the Chinese Government, but it is highly expedient to avoid all fepineibaliey for the acts of the mercenary leaders. For the present, there appears to be no risk of drifting into a Chinese war, either against the legitimate dynasty or against the rebels. News by latest Steamers. The . steamship America arrived at New York on Sunday, bringing European intelligence to 22nd ultimo. In the House of Lords the Duke of Argyle asked the Government to give fa- cilities for establishing a ship canal from Lake Erie to the Ottowa River, for convey- ing grain through Canada instead of the United States Earl Grenville regretted that the Canadians had not provided sufficient mili- tia for defence in case of war, and said' that it was impossible for England to defend Canada, effectively . unless . the Canadians aided. Horsman's resolution in fayor of Poland was withdrawn. The TJimes city, article says that the 'American news was received with surprise, disappoiitment, and satisfaction, Surprise fit' the'sudden collapse of the Vicksburg defense ; disappointment at the Show) owing" to Lee's retreat, of all prospects of the 'termination of the' war, and satisfaction in-contemplating: 'English wisdom "if not prematurely yielding to the recent pressure | for Confederate recognition. 2+) of) so The Galway contract,. the same as 1859, |" was approyed in the, Commons. ,, Galway will be a port of departure. In the course of. Polish debate, Lord' Brougham addressed. the House. » While speaking his upper row. of teeth. became loose, He stopped and tried to screw them in, but failed, and was obliged to pull them out, plate and all and to walk out of the House | ; He was 'not able to' with them in his hand. speak a word that could be heard, without them, and his face' instantly assumed the appearence of a man twenty years older. Deatu or tur Duke or Haminron-- The Duke of Hamilton died at Paris, on Wedensday, the 16th. . He was on'his way to join the Duchess of Hamilton and | daughter at. Baden Baden. Intelligence received from New Zeal- and state that hostilities between. the Maories and the British Government have again broken out: _ The occupancy of the Tartaraimaka block by force under Col. Warre has been the spark which has caused warfare to break out again. On Monday, April 27, the Taranakinatives way laid the military escort, and shot dead, and after- wards tomahawked, Dr. Hope, Lieutenant Tragett, and six privates of the 57th Reg. No. provocation had been given, and the assault was unexpected. Private Kelly, the only survivor, states that when the escort reached Wairau it was fired at from 'the scrub, twenty yards off... The soldiers re- turned the fire and extended. At last. the only three left alive were surrounded: by about 30 natives, They retired firing, until elief came from, Taraiwa, Kelly is badly wounded. The British military authorities are preparing for the struggle. General Cameron's nerve and determination are, according to local reports, absolutely . reed on. All the availahle British troops are to be concentrated in Taranaki, and the inilitia and volunteers have been called out for active service. The Province of Tarataki is in a state of seige, and 'all' Europeans living outside the + blackhousés have aban- doned their farms, and*are now within the lines. F ~ Our latest advices from Auckland are to the 12th of} (May. They state that the Governor. has, confiscated the, land! -wpon which the murders..were committed, and that a detachment of the 70th, from Otago, 320 men of the 40th, and, 600 men of . the 12th regiment were under orders for Taran- aki. Liverpool Cotton market firmer, with an advance of 3d. on all deaerbtiaihy and a partial aid Vadite of 3d. on American. Breadstuffs firm. Flour steady at. 2is. to 25s. Wheat buoyant ;Red Western and Southern 833d. to 9s. 3d. + 'White West- ern and Southern 10s. to 11s!) Corn 'firm : | mixed®27sto 27s. 3d. ; White 2882 6d dy 29s. /-Gds. Béef buoyant.' Pork heavy. navy, may, be, trusted.to. perform.their en- gagements | without _ntexior, designs; . but' Westerit oY is Bake are not ulikely to specu- isq 49 i beet oH we% bagd io ti einet iesines do eho! l-wed? {lid 2 ke y 1g enl wvro Db: Bacon, steady. lard. very dull. « 'Sugar inactive, Li .Loxpon Mobrusé Ri iaheesiCoaiian 924) to. 923 for money ;U. &: 5's-advanced: 64, i. % "ght 2 - .of-those who demand~the immediate publi: | FRANCE. ' 'The Constitutionel regrets the impatience cation of the Russian replies, and says the replies are being examined by the three powers, which positively intend to agree on means of settling the question. definitely. The Paris journals consider the Russian reply unsatisfactory. The Nation says the intention. of the French Cabinet regarding the Polish reply will be made known within three days. The Emperor at last accounts had safely arrived at Vichy, where he goes every year in the interest of his liver, which is disor- dered. Eugenie never accompanies his Ma- jesty to Vichy. Her absence is advised by physicians ; she will join him, however, at Biarritz, where they enjoy sea-bathing §to- gether. The Empress and the Imperial Prince are at St. Cloud. The Queen of Spain has sent her con- gratulations to the yp sie on the taking of Mexico, RUSSIA. Russia admits the six propositions but rejects the armistice. ~ The suppression of the insurrection is necessary; and an amnes- ty is offered meanwhile.' She is willing to accept the principle of a conference itself, but does not admitthe right of all the Pow- ers who signed the final act of Vienna to participate in the conference until England, France, 'Austria, Prussia 'and Russia are agreed. an ROLAND Russian military officers are vested with administrative functions. A Cossack 'detachment while plundering Geracivo was eut to Pieces. j The insurrection in Sawogitia' is increas- ing. Hight/hundred Russians were défeat- od near Subattoll and500 at Sabota. The. Russian conscription' vin' Wilna, Grodno, Kowno, Kaley eu Kicnspl lia is. postponed, The. Russians were. th thrice on: thé 15th,-and once on, the 18th. .», , The severity of the measures taken, by the Russians in Galicia is increasing. Great atrocities were committed by the Russians at Janow on the 7th ult. : The whole town, with the exception of three houses, were burnt down. It is as- serted that' '20° Jews and several wounded | persons met their deaths in the flames. An engagement between a" flying corps of insurgent cavalry anda body of Russian infantry took place on the 5th at Kaski, in which the insurgents were successful. | An- other engagement has. taken. place at Miawa. AUSTRIA. The Goyernment is extremely dissatis- fied with the last Russian reply. CHINA AND JAPAN, Smanenal, May 23. The rebels are quiet. Intelligence has been received here stat- ing that a further delay has been granted to the Japanese. It is apprehended, however, that war will break out with Japan, as the English Ad- miral has ordered troops from India. ~ . The Chinese are raising their prices for|.__, silk, foreseeing the cessation of Japanese competition. 7 MUSSULMAN OUTRAGE, IN THE EAST. Paris; July 11. The Paris papers of this morning publish the following from Rogues, dated the 10th inst :-- "Mussulman rioters at Dulcigno lise forcibly entered the house of the English Consul resident at Scutari, who had arrived at Duleigno. The Consul's coachman was killed, and the Consul compelled to barri- cade hitnself in his apartment. The rioters were dispersed by the arrival of the mili- tary."' t An Important Decision for Ton Payers, : The following important cast relative to payment of tolls has been decided at ite _ Assizes in Toronto :-- John. Richey vs. Toronto Roads Com- pany,--Counsel for the plaintiff, Mr. R. P. Crooks; Attorney, Mr. George James, The action was brought to, recover the sum of fourteen shillings and eight pence, paid by the plaintiff to ates, dante at sundry, times for toll; on the plea that such toll had been illegally etic from him, he (plaintiff) living within one' mile of the téll-eute "The defendants pleaded that the amount that as it was a question, in fact, of the rig of the defendants to exact toll at all, nota money question, he had the right begin, so that the validity: of the cai for which the action had been brought mig: be tried. If this were not accorded to the defendant would leave his client to s for the fourteen shillings and eight pence the Division Court; thus keeping from vi the question of right altogether, Co cited many authorities to sustain this tion, among others, from 5 ¢. and p. 69 Tindal, C.J., who said "That the plain should begin in all actions where he relief for substantial and unliquidated di ges, though the general issue be not plead and the affirmative be upon the defendant The court agreed with this view, and M Crooks was allowed to proceed. He th called Mr. Wm. Kauffman, architect engineer, who said, that he had measur the distance between the limits of the ci where the toll-gate (on the Lake Shore) situated, and the plaintiff's residence. found it to be about five chains less th half-a-mile, This was'all the evidence su mitted. sistent Mr. Crooks then said that the plea of t defendents, that they had repaid the mone illegally exacted, was untrue--That ple had been niade'in the hope that the ie would not come before the Court; th leaving. the right of the PRS baailyeed ex: toll under the circumstances still undecide by law. Counsel called the attention of t jury to the fact proved 'by Mr. Kauffmai that the plaintiff had travelled less than mile upon the road, for which he had_ pai toll, and contented that/no. toll could be d manded in that case under the law; «an furthermore, that the defendants were' onl entitled to charge'per mile, and not for greater distance than Hina actually hee travelled on the road. "In support of thi view, he quoted the 75 section Consolidates Statutes U. C., cap..49, page 479, ibd enacts in sills ecahick No. 1 that the follo ing rates shall be taken " per mile:"'--1st For every vehicle, whether loaded or othe wise, and for the horse or other beast, 0 one of the horses or other beasts, one penny and for every additional horse or. othe beast, or any .such.yehicle,..one..half-penny Mr. Crooks ,said thatthe usual way o: exacting tolls with the Toronto Roads i pany was this: [f a.man travelled o: few yards on one' of their roads amid: "hal t A pass through a gate, he was charged the same as if he had travelled five miles on the road; whereas it appeared to be the al that unless he had travelled a mile, no to at all could be exacted from him. And furthermore, it also appeared by the law that if he travelled only one mile he was not liable 'to be charged for two; if he travelled two he was not'liable to be charged for three, but only for the distance travelled at the rate of one penny per mile for one and_ hall a penny for an additional horse or beast This law/applied: to all road: companies, the defendants included. roth) 8 { wal The Judge directed the jury to find verdict for the plaintiff in. the- "amount claimed, which was accordingly done. | Correspondence. PY Lo the Editor of the Perth County Her Srratror, Aug., 3rd, 1863, Str,--There is now quite an lexitheriil about silver. This question is being dis cussed by all' classes from the highest cials to the poor laboring' man, and man: opinions are given for and against. I! many are of the, opinion that it is a combi ation of the merchants against, all others i general, and every one in particular. Tl laboring .man goes into a store. to buy 4 quarter's worth of sugar and is asked f another cent, it becomes then a person | attack on him. The highest official goes to biy his groceries and asks if silver will taken' at par, and is told submissively tha it cdtmot. 'It then becomes a personal mat. ter with him also, and the poor unfortunate storekeeper is told to make out his account and that no more' dealings will be betweer him or any one else who will not take silv at par. ,, What, now is the position of the merchant ? He must take silver at par, when he has bills to pay (which he has often he goes to the Bank and.is quietly told "tyre will not take the silver in payment, especia. ly the United States, silver; the Britis! silver we will take to the amount of ten dol. lars at 24¢ for the quarter. * Now Mr. Edi- tor what has caused all this influx of silver | fromthe U.S, ? 'The cause, as I understand it, is the United States Banks refusing specie had been refunded. "Mr. Crooks contented ee payment. "Thus ae and ag ae . ' Meith ee4 Pres * - ; Cae etl B F teers