COUNTY OF PERTH HERALD. é body in a cold, ocean grave. And 'mow my son,' concluded Mrs. Stanley. "can you wonder that after such sad experience, I dread for you the sailor's life » 'No, dear mother, I do not. For- give me for ever saying anything about leaving you. I think I ought to be grateful for such a dear, precious mother.' Boys, thank God for your mothers, if you have any living, and especially for a Christian one; you will never find a better friend in this cold world than your own dear mother. And thank God for the Bible. I hope you each possess one, and that you read it very often. Ponder well its sayings, lay them up in your heart, and make them the guide of your life, and they will lead you, at last, to a heavenly home on high.~Sabba'h School Visitor. NEW ADVERTISEMENTS THIS. WEEK. Furniture and Hardware--John D. Fee. " Special Notice'--Marshall Bros: Gentlemen's Goods--A: Williamson. Card----Dr. Waugh: Wines and Liquors--Joseph Watson. Estray--John Vaustone. Montreal Assurance Company--G. Horne & Co., Agents. DRA RRR ARARALAARAPRA DLA DADA ALLO" Gourty of Perth Aerald. WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1863. The Estimates amd what they teach. In our last issue we published the Finance Minister's speech. on the Budget. In the present number we publish Mr. Galt's reply. OQurreaders, we imagine, will have but little diffi- culty in deciding whichis the better oned»:: From the Estimates we learn that the total expenditure for this year is $15,119,190! This is considerably in excess of any previous year; and is the more extraordinary and unac- countable from the fact that the present Government have all along given the public to understand that a thorough system of retrenchment was being car- tied on, whicb|would materially lessen the annual expenditure, and that all] public works were (or the time being stopped! Naturally one would have expected that tie expenditure of this year would have been, under these circumstances, somewhat less, or at least would not have exceeded that of previous yeors, We certainly thors that the Estimates of this year wor) have exhibited some of the ef- fey. of that, grand retrenchment 'sys- teu: of which we have heard so much. We did not suppose, little faith as we had in the promises, pledges or pro- fessions of the present men, that all the repvris published from time to time thragh tbe medium of their paid or- gaux, the Globe, Mercury &c., of the greai saving effected in the several Government departments were |pure fabrications. We thought there must be some of the statements correct, that no Ministry would attempt such a game, knowing that. a few © short months must. and would. reveal the naked truth, yet such seems to have been ibe case. The Estimates are before us, exceeding those. of any pre- vious year, and shewing a larger defi- cit. Our readers can form their own judgment as to what the deficit really is, when we tell them; that the receipts from all sources will not, ex- ceed $10,000,000. _For us to refer at. any length to' the fallacy of all the professions, and prom- ises which the Ministry haye kept, be- fore the fpeople, for, the past eighteen months, would, be, useless. , The Gov- emment have not, been carrying. on any public. or permanent works of any Fwould by a thorough system of re- vants have been dismissed in order to retrench!Retrenchment has been go- ing on in every Department! Thous- ands of dollars have been saved here, hundreds there, and large amounts in other places, so the organs and their paymasters have said. The result of all this Retrenchmen bubble is before us, in the shape of encreased expen- diture and a larger deficit than we have ever before had Such, reader, is the fruit borne by the retrenchment policy of the McDonald, Dorion, Sicotte, Brown administration. © Our readers will learn from these facts that all the abuse which the Con- servative party have had to suffer from the present men, and their organs for the lasteight years wasunmerited, The principal charges brought against the Macdonald-Cartier administration and their followers was that they. were in- creasing the public debt, and that they did not devise some means to make both ends meet !..These men said, had théy the management of affairs, they trenchment and by general good man- agenent reduce the annual expendi- ture so that the'yearly income 'would meet it. 'They have had a' trial,'and the: resuit is' before' the people. -- All public improvements have been stop- ped. .'Phe improvement fund has been kept back from the hard' working set tler in the new and unimproved town- ships. The-indirect taxes have been increased, and with a 'short' sighted policy peculiar to themselves, they have re-imposed the canal tolls. We have heard of officials being dismissed from every department and of immense savings ,having been effected in this way. Yet, notwithstanding all this, the annual expenditure has increased ; the yearly deficit has become no less! It is evident these men are 'either deliberately misleading the public in regard to the many and large savings they have made; they are robbing the Country to enrich themselves and the'r tools , or they are entirely unfit for the position they now occupy. The public improvements which Canada now possesses are far ahead of many of the old and wealthy Euro- pean Countries, and these improve- ments were mostly made ly the Mac- donald-Cartier Government. What would Canada, Western Canada par- ticularly be without the Grand Trunk Railway and the Canals? Yet it was for perfecting and finishing these great national improvements that that very Government have been most calum- niated. In order to encourage the general commerce of the County the Cana!s were made free to all vessels passing over them to Canadian ports. Asa proof of the success of this policy, it is only necessary to note the following figures taken from the official returns. Referring to the Welland Canal, we find the following : 1859....5- 0502+ 240,000 tons. TSG0s . oc shee aiy: AO 1,0CG FOG1L oie. en vee UO, " WOU ssceceees ses LQ T,00U The trade passing through the St Lawrence Canal shews a _proportion- ate increase : : io 1809) 0.5 oo sc iime lee RU One 1860...+...+.++» 186,000." 1861, .000n0anc00: $48,000. 96 74 TBG2 scree. <5 «9< 400000 It is evident that the increase of the traffic over these Canals in. conse- quence of the tolls being abolished, must have been a great advantage to the Country generally ; and it is equal- ly, plain, that this large, traffic must have indireetly. increased. the gentral revenue; to a, much greater! amount than the. paliry. sum of $4,080. lost.by abandoning the tolls...) The) following table will shew what,loss-tlie\Country has, sustained by doing away with the | Canal, tells: ' 0% ; $92,000 han) | $2,000,000 per annum ! Again as to the» general increase of tonage which the abolition of the tolls caused, read the following figures : 1859. < ¢0:s.. + «ee 1,202,000 'tons. 1860......e0++ 1,655,000 " 1861.....2.+4+ 2,132,000 * 1862....+...+. 1,127,000 « Who will say that the advantage of having such an increase of tonage passing oyer Canadian waters and into Canadian ports, again to be shipped and forwarded, will not far exceed that $4,000 of a falling off in the tolls for the sake of which the present men de- termined to re-impose them! There ean be no doubt of the advantage of a large commerce. Rollin, speaking of the advantages of commerce says ; "a king who truly loves his subjects, and endeavors to plant abundance in his dominions, will spare no pains to make traffic flourish.' ** Commerce is one of the parts of Government, capa- ble of contributing the most to the rich- es and plenty ofa state; and therefore merits the particular attention of Min- isters." '* Commerce is the most solid foundation of civil society, and ther most nécessary principle to unite all men, of whatever Country or condition they are, with each other. It makes the world one city and one family." The present men appear to be inca- pable of lvuoking at this important matter no: broad, national and enlight- ened principles. The only idea they seem to have,is'to make a few dollars by imposing tolls which will again drive commerce from our waters. The Finance Minister tells us in order to make the income meet the expenditure, he must impose new and heavy taxes. This is not what these men promised at first. By a thorough system of economy they were to make both ends meet. 'It is the reckless extravagance," said they, 'tof the Con- servative party which is causing this annual deficit. They are wasting the public funds on useless employees, worthless officials and lazy servants. We will bring the finances of the Country toa healthy condition ; we will make the income meet the ex- penditure, and will not impose new burdens on the people either! All that is necessasy to this end is economy !" For eighteen months these men have been retrenching, have been practising their system of economy and what is the result? An increase of the public debt, A larger deficit than usual! Do the public require any further proof of the utter hollowness of these men's pretentions ? Let the people remember these facts: During the eight years that the Mac- donald-Cartier Administration held the reins of power the great national Rail- ways of the country were completed ; the Canals were finished; Light- houses were built; Harbors erected ; every Religious, Educational, Chari- table, Agricultural and other Institu- tions of the province were encouraged. The wild lands were surveyed and opened up. The country was suc- cessfully carried through the financial crisis of 1857 and 1858. Her credit was maintained and the value of her stocks increased! And notwithstand- ing that all this was done and that some $7,000,000 were given out under the Municipal Loan Fund' Act, the public debt was increased by the sum of $16,000,000. only, or at the rate of The present men, as we have al- ready said, have not been carrying on any public works; they have discon- tinued the surveying and opening up of the wild domain; they have ceased to distribute the: improvement's fund, among the settlers of new townships ; they have re-imposed the Canal tolls; they"have' augmented the 'duties. on several articles of consumption ; they have had the benefit of the extra duty imposed by«ahe Macdonald-Cartier Government beford they went out of power and which was tocome into effect that season ;' they have had the advaiitage, -aceording' to' their own 'ind ; all have. been stopped, in order to retrench! Hundreds, of public ser- m 1859 ose veeee eres ppp 1860: oo e532 ife os 83,000 ov | qe ABG ys leem ends ew! 69,000 . EAMG od) tio 0s Howe 88,000 by the dismis-al of useless officials ; yet in the face of all these advantages, these Retrenchment men have in- creased the puplic debt of the province at the rate of over $2,000,000 a year, during the time they have been in power. Now these men, after having for years boasted that they, by a strict system of economy, and without in- creasing the burdens of the people, could make the income meet the ex- penditure, and after having abused their opponents for not doing that, al- though they, at the time, were engaged in perfecting thoze great national im- prevements which place our Canada far ahead of other countries which count their ages by centuries, now, we say, they come forward and admit that the expenditure cannot be brought down to the income, but that the in- come must be brought up to the ex- penditure by direct taxation! Surely this is a complete vindication of the policy, and conduct of the Conserva- tive party. -- It'is ample teyenge' for the unmerited abuse that party suffer- ed for rany years from the present men. [t proves'conclusively that the retrenchment ery of these men was a delusion: and asubterfuge, their re- trenchment policy a sham. We 'are' informed by the Finance Minister that the finances of the coun- try are'in an alarming condition--that he must at' once go into the 'market and borrow.to meet present and press- ing liabilities, and in order to do that, with any degree of advantage, the House must pledge itself that new taxes will be imposed. He prepared, however, to lay his new taxation scheme before the House. The House is simply asked :tox bind itself to new impositions not likéky-to be much short of four or five hundred: thousand dollars a year, to be levied afterwards as may best suit Mr. Holton. In other words the House is asked to vote the supplies, give Mr. is not ing, bind itself to sanction whatever sort of taxation scheme he may.think proper in the course of the next five of six months to prepare, and then it may adjourn! Consider for a moment the consequences involved in such a course. There is over $5,000,000 to be provided for in some way or other Mr.Holton says "I cannot borrow with advantage unless [am in a position to shew that something is to be done by way of lessening the annual deficits by a scheme of taxation--taxation then must be resorted to, and Par- liament must bind itself to sanction new impositions when I am ready to submit them. I am not ready yet, however ; I have not had time. On the strength of the guarantee of this House that new taxes will be imposed. I can borrow to advantage to meet the present pressing liabilities, and after- wards I can decide what shall be taxed and what not."' This is the sub- stance of the Budget prepared during the last eighteen months, by the men who were to have worked such won- ders. By adopting such a scheme as this, the whole trade of the country would be left in a most unsatisfactory and unsettled state. Mr. Holton may afterwards propose an. increase of the tariff imposts, or a direct property tax, or tax upon income ; or, perhaps, in 'his wisdom, he would recommend a general excise, or a tax upon the ma- chinery and utensils of the m:anufac- turer. The whole matter would be left in a state of doubt; no one knowing how to act. Under such circumstances how can our wholesale men give orders for spring importa- fions? How. are our manufacturers, our capitalists, our shippers, our pro- duce merchants, our dealers in real estate--in a.word how is any class of the community to_know how to acc? fhe whole isuncertainty, mo one knowing when or how:his 'interests may be assailed' Weask is it right, or aré these matters!of:so little impor- shewing, of,thousands of dollars saved Holton a carte blanch to go'a borrow- | should be adopted. Are-the whol" interests of the province to be left at the mercy of an incapable Finance Minister? Why should such be done? [s it to maintain an unscrupulous, un- principled, time-serving and incapable Ministry in power that sueb an un- precedented and dangerous step should be taken? It is admitted that there is a deficiency of over $5,000,000. To borrow this at present will not cost less than $6,000,000. 'To meet the yearly interest on this large sum and also to equalize the income and ex- penditure,new taxes are to be imposed. It is evident then, that heavy imposts will have to be placed on some articles of trade, or on something else equally eflecting the general interests of the country. No Parliamentary pledge therefore should be given until the House has been well informed as to every particular. Such a course, were it adopted, would disarrange the whole commercial interests of the province. Look at the matter in another light, however, ., Here. are men;..who have been boasting of their financialyabili- ties for the last ten years, and who have had eighteen months to devise some scheme or other which would tend to equalize, by a system of direct taxation, the income and expenditure, coming before' the House, and saying to the people's representatives. '* We have not been able to do what we promised; we cannot by a system of economy: make the income and the expenditure equal; direct taxation must be resorted to--but we are as yet unable to mature a scheme. Vote the supplies, however, and give a pledge that you will sanction some scheme of taxation as soon as prepar- before you in the course of next session," what a humiliating position ! The plain truth is, the Ministry, at no matter what sacrifice of principle, are. de- termined to hold on to office as long as pos- sible. They are determined to make the most out of it, and therefore dare not de- velope at present the true position to which, finances of the country. Re eS Oe ek sue Our Public Jobs. Without intending any blame to the members of our County Council, we think there is something wrong in the way in which public jobs or contracts are let.' The Council have a very efficient Engineer whose advice and assistance they can at all times com- mand. In the matter of letting public contracts in the future we think: it would be well if our Council would ascertain from him about what'such and such contracts are worth and, as far as possible, be guided in the ac- cepting of tenders by his opinion. The history of our public contracts and im- provements in this County,so far, shews that it is. a loss. instead of a gain in many instances to accept of the lowest tenders. Heretofore jobs have been let, at less than was adaquate to pay the necessary expenses. The result has been that either the work. was not performed according to contract, or petition after petition was handed in to the Council praying for an advance on the grounds that the contract price was too low. Ryan's case referred to in our Report of the late session of the County Council in our last issue, is a ease in point. For the sake of getting the job he tendered at two low a figure, no doubt expecting that he would be allowed to do as much, or as little re- pairs as suited hiniself.. The Engineer notified him several times we under- stand to put the road in a proper state of repair, but'no attention, was paid to. such notices. The Engineer de- termined to do his duty in the premis- es, and, consequently, employed, men and teams to-do the|work.; The re- sult of allthis. is, Ryan petitions, the Council. forthe modest, sam ; $400 to assist him in »doing that ,which» he agreed to do without such aid. Had not the Engineer employed thuse men and teams; Ryan would have done.as tance; that such an unheard of course ed, and. we will endeavor to buy a scheme. by bad management, they have brought the _ a COUNTY OF PERTH HERALD 3 Brennan and others 'did' before him he would 'have less than half done the work. 'It was by being too easy with such' 'men as Brennan, Ryan, &c., heretofore 'that our County roads in many places got so much out of order. The contracts were,taken too low and the Council. were unwilling to press too hard upon the, contractors: Such a system is wrong, howeyer, and, we' are, glad .to, see that; your efficient County Engineer is. determined to,do his duty, There; are other matters' besides Gravel Road contracts, however, in which 'our' County' Council," and through them the people of this Coun- ty, are "*chisélled.? "We believe out County Council intend well and have a sincere desire to do what is for the best interests of the County. .In speak; ing as we are about to do, we do not wish to be understood as censuring the Council or,.any of its members; ,we simply, desire,to bring under.its notice amatter which was, no,doubt, over- looked. the County' Council, we were présent+ ed, by Mr. Campbell, County Clerk, with the 'printed Minutes' &e., & cy of the March and June'sessions'previous. The printing of these Minutes was advertised to be let by tender. The persons offering were required to state in their tender the price per page, of solid maiier for which they would un- dertake to do the work. . The contract was, given, to William Mowat, Esgq., Printer &c., Stratford, at 50 cents per page, his being'the lowest; offer. On looking into these Minutes we find that they are not printed in solid matter'in "accordance with the terms of contract as thé following facts will show: 'the names of the Council, wherever that body is mentioned' as being present, are printed in'a single file thus: Messrs. . Anderson, Carrall, Clyne, &c., instead of in a double file thus: Carrall, Xe. Then again wherever the 'words, **'The Council met. . The Warden ia the Chair" occur, they are printed thus : During», the late: session. of Messrs.) Anderson, . '"Phe Council met." '"'Phe Warden in the' Chairi" Instead of thus: '©The Council met. 'The, Warden inthe Chair," Between each paragraph' there are four or five leads used, instead of only one. And between each line of type there is one lead used, where there should,.be none. This will give a faint idea cf the methods resorted to in order to increase the number, of pages. It ,will also be seen that the County thereby has been, defrauded, the work not having been done ac- cording to contract. To advancé' money' to Ryan, and to allow the printing job to pass with- out discussion would not only be com- mitting a fraud upon the County, but it would be extremely unfair towards those who tendered along with Messrs. Ryan and Mowat. Although the ten- ders of these two gentlemen were ap- parently the lowest, in, the end, ac- cording to what we have shewn, they would be the highest. Others who ten- dered' somewhat higher than Messrs. Ryan» and Mowat. would: have no doubt, bad their offers been accepted, performed the work in accordance with the' terms of agreement; and conse- quéently, 'considering 'all things, the County would have been the' gainéy. We will not designate such trang. actions as swindles,. that... perhaps would be. to, harsh,a term. ), But. we must say, they,belong; to that class, of transactions, which.no, honorable,men would ., perpetrate, ,To,\be..guilty ..of such! censurable. tricks, 'as,.we have referred to is'at léasttaking advantage of the good' naturé.of the members of the County Council, or perhaps their ignorance, being honest men, of the many subterfuges to which some men will resort in 'order to '* chisel" their fellow men. and bring to themselves that Which, in' justice, they are not entitled to receive. We mention these circumstances in order to bring the whole matter of " job letting" under the notice of the Council at its next meeting, This system of "chiselling"' has been too long allowed, to pass unnoticed; and it is high time a stop was put,to it. If it were allowed to.go on much longer, honest men would give up ten- dering for any 'public contract?" what- ever. ! It. 1vould: be useless to:do. so Unsecrupulous men' would be sure: to tender low 'enough:to obtain' the job so'long as'they knew' they could get off with doing the work to 'suit the price. We see no reason why, Mr. Mowat should be allowed ,to escape, or why he should) :receive full pay for 'half done work?) while Mr..Ryan:is-held.to perform his job in accordance with the terms of contract. ..As public servants they are @.on level, in heir efforts to de- fraud the public by attempting to avoid performing 'the work they 'undertook to do in accordance with 'their agree- ment they are on a level." Why then' should one escape and the other be punished? We trust the Council will see that the whole matter is discussed at its next meeting; and.that will use such terms. of condemnaticn as. will prevent such men, as Messrs... Ryan and Mowat from attempting such a "game"? in future, we ~~ A Contrast. We have already had océasion to remark the striking contrast apparent between the manner in'which the late member for' this county attended to the interests of his ¢on- stituents, and the manner in which his suc- cessor does so. No better proof could be required of Mr. Daly's incompetency and Mr. MacFarlane's competency than the facts which we published inthe Beacon, respect- the Improvement Fund... We! are pleased to.see' that in matters of justice, to private individuals which were shamefully neglected by Mr-Daly, our present member is equally attentive. "Most of our 'readers 'are' per- feetly familiar with his conduct'in the 'mat: ter of the Stratford» Post Office; after! the death of the late lamented Mr.. Mickle.--A friend of his own was appointed to the office, with the distinct understanding thata. cer tain' sum was tobe paid annually to Mrs. Mickle» The pledge was 'broken, and in: deed. it never was intended to be kept, and to this day Mr. Daly has neglected to make any amends for the foul wrong sustained by Mrs, Mickle; or to secure for her-an. 'allow: ance from Government as is usual in such cases. But: Mr. Daly'is now out of 'Parlia- ment, and) Mr.,.MacKarlane is member. for Perth, and.we find that the matter is punct- ually, attended to. In the estimates for the current year we notice the following item : --* Gratuity to the widow ofthe late A. TP. Mickle, Postmaster at Stratford, $800/" This, every one of our readers will agree, is « matter of simple justice, which through the inattention or incompetency of our late member was entirely neglected,--all "he cared for was to see his own friends in office --let justice and public interest shift for themselves. We take the above from the Beacon: of Friday last. It is hardly possible, perhaps, to imagine a more untruthful production. There was no distinct understanding: that Mrs. Mickle was tovreceive a certain sum annually, A certain sum was mentioned, we believe, which Mr. Daly's friend was to pay to Mrs, Mickle and that friend did pay a part of that certain sum. When the late Postmaster was appointed Mr. Daly said to him that he wished a certain sum to:be paid to Mrs. Mickle, part of that certain sum was pwid to. Mrs. Mickle's father by her order and the. balance of ,thatcertain sum would have, been paid in a/short time had. not: the late P. M. been dismissed... Thus Mr. Daly had 2ttended to the interests of Mrs. Mickle without taking the money from the public Treasury. As to the hint that Mr. Daly should have given Mrs. Mickle the' Stratford Post- mastership, "we believe the question as to Whether a woman can be appointed to such ati important office as that of Stratford was decided in the negative; by a Reform Goy- ernment, 'when the' present P. a. received the' appointment: -'On that subject) theré: fore, "we" Hopd our friend-the Bewcon' will not put'his' readers to 'the trouble of 'usitié their cambric in future by 80 pathetically de- scribing the great wrong 'which Mr. Daly did in not giving Mrs. "Micklethe appoint ment, seeing that Mr, Foley, himself Post- he was a member could not do it. As to the $800 which now appears in the estimates asa '" Gratuity to the widow ofthe late A.F. Mickle," the Beacon knowns very well it is misrepresenting the fact. Mr. Foley, if we are rightly informed, was the cause of that sum being placed m the -- estimates. One thing is certain, it was placed there be- fore Mr. MacFarlane was a member of the House and appeared in the estimates as published by Mr. Howland, and at the time was noticed by the Hamilton Spectator and other papers. So much for Mr. MacFarlané's attention to private interests ! Refering to the Improvement Fund the Beacon and Mr. MacFarlane say the order in Council discontinuing that Fund was pass- ed' in 1861. ° Every one knows Mr.' Daly was not'a member of the House at that time and consequently could not be held respon- sible for what then took place. The Beacon's own friends have been in power since may 1862, and have taken credit for retrenching to the amount of $98,000, by doing away with this same Improvements Fund !! Correspondence. DLLDPD LLP PD LLL DPD DPD PP DAP PDD From our Englsh Correspondent. ENGLAND, Sept, 1863 One is struck with surprise, to witness the sudden changes to which the»people of France allow themselves to be exposed from time to time in political affairs. During the last few days, the Polish mania, which raged so ardently in the Gallic breast has now dissolved into,thin air, The Poles to them now, are as objects unworthy of their sympathy... The Anglo - Franco - Austrian Alliance, inaugurated to influence or com- pel the Czar to deal out justice, to that woefully misgoverned portion of his do- minions, is cast aside asa thing of nought, and they propose instead, that France shall form an alliance with Russia and Prussia, against England aud Austria. This is no idle tale. This change has come over the scene, no doubt through jealousy that Austria, in endeavoring to cement the unity of Germany, and thereby. to offer greater defence against any future ageression on its territory, was really:conatructing at Frank- fort, a formidable coalition against France: The French, most probably, have formed a wrong conclusion. The'Hmperor, it is well known, does not relish the princely gather- in, for their deliberations, in a political sense, presupposes their intention to make themselves as strong as may be against ex- ternal pressure; and these princes cannot lose sight of the fact, that, the declared pol- igy, of Franée has been, and is, to, seize, and appropriate, territory that quarter, wheneyer an opportunity presented itself. I cannot, however, think Napoleon IIT is so im anchor, pending a coming storm. His ante- cedents have shown him to, be too astute a politician, and wise as a philosopher to do so... Will he cast aside England to take up Russia and Prussia, one torn by intes- tine wars, and the other staggered by, the rumbling of, a threatened political earth- quake? Do not believe such an event- uality. The. British Association, haye once more held asitting, and, this time, honored New- castle-upon-Tyne with their accumulated wisdom. 'The ;queenly city of Bath has been selected for their next meeting. Sir W. Armstrong referred with gratification, to the progress science had made, since they last met in that town, It came-out in his speech that, the total quantity of coal in the British Isles, was 80,000. millions of tons, or .a thousand years consumption at the present rate. It was a common observation, that before coal is exhausted, some other mo- tive power will be applied, to take its place most, likely this will be clectricity, as ~it may, like heat, be converted, into motion; and both theory and practice demonstrate, that, it may be mechanically. applied, with less, waste of power than takes place in the steam engine... During the discussion, which followed,..a, savant - introduced the subject «The Physical and Moral Condition of the Negro."'; ; He, attempted, to: show, that an indisputable evidence ,of. the negroe's in- ferioty. was. his black skin, thick skull, and woolly, hair, ete. ; When Dr, Hynthad con- cluded hig remarks on poor Sambo and sat down, the. learned body. were elegtrified, to see. stand forth, amongst,,them ,a. veritable nigger , to.,,.give,;; them ay solution, of the learned Doctor's notions, Mr, Graft, who had been a slave, raised his voicein that shortsighted, as. to fling away the sheet-| jaugust and 'venerable assembly, and _re- master-General, and the ministry of which | plied, "But as Africans are very dark, and. | the inhabitants of Northern Hurope very, fair, and as, moreover, the nations, , of ' Southern Europe are much darker than | those of Northern Europe, it is perfectly | fair to suppose that, climate 'has a, tendency t0 bleach as well' as to, blacken.""' The thickness,' Mr. ©. continued, "of the skull | of the negro, had been wisely arranged by | Providence, to defend' his brain from the tropical heat in yhich he lived. If God had not given them' thick skulls, their brains | would probably have becomé very much like those of many scientific men of 'the present day. (This thrust was meant for the Dr., of course.) As to woolly hair, it was meant When Jnliis Cxsar cime.to thei Contry, he said' to protect their head from the sun. dt by LA 1, the natives' were' such stupid people, thal they werénot' fit to be made 'slaves of at Rome' "What' then might not time do for the negroes?" Mr. Craft's victory was com- plete and his laudations were general, whilst the diminished Dr.. Hunt was_ re- ceived with 4 tremendous hissing. A very interesting event occurred in Corn- wall, on the 21st ult., in the opening of the Railway to Falmouth. "Cornishmen_ have, indeed, enjoyed the luxury of railway con- veyance, from the 3rd day of May 1859 ; but the hapless people, between Truro and Jfal- , mouth, were denied that boon until this year. | The town of Falmouth laboured hard for 20 years to gain' the desired object, being the initiators of the scheme of a Cornwall line. The works from Plymouth to Truro, cost more than double the sum estimated, so great were the difficulties to surmount, and especially 'that gigantic one -of 'finding a foundation in. the centre) of the -Tamar,, upon which now stands one of, the most,;if not' the most, stupendous results of the efforts of human genius, of its kind, that ever gladdened and as- Albert The consequence of so ex- tonished the mind of man--+I mean the. ' Bridge," at Saltash. traordinary an outlay, was fresh calls, until all was called "up. Then, preference.shares were made to render financial assistance. . Then, de- bentures were issued, the proceeds fram all were exhausted, and 'the line only completed to Truro. The associated Companies of the Great Western, Bristol & Exeter, and South Devon Liities, after a recess of three years, voluntcered 'to guarantee any 'sum to £800,000, to parties dis- posed'to take debenturess at 4} pér cent., in or+ der to the. completion of the 'Tine to' Falmouth. It is nowun fait accompli. Before the Railway was commenced; aCompany was formed, and by Act of Parliament began whatis called, the Falmouth Docks; fields sleped down to the water's edge,' those i ge, At:the north side of Pendennisg/geveral have been appropriated ; and the. country on which they stood cut back into the hill for s 200 fathoms, leaving a perpendicnlar precipice Ths into the s¢a, until so much level space was towards the Castle. debris was tramp . rs ained as was 'necessary; the whole, faced with granite and' paved. 'Tn this extensive space, vast decks have been; and are being constructed, for the' répairmg of ships from' all countries, and all sizes." ' AUGridifon is 'also. erected: "From the most morthernly point 'of Pendennis, at the ex- tremity . of the works eastward;\a break-water hasbeen runiout into the harbour, nearly a 4 of | a mile; built.of massive granite blocks, a part of the way, and the remainder of large timber framing, pickled,in tar, fixed.on piles, and loaded with thousands: of tons of large granite stones. Inside this break-water, towards Fal- mouth, the Company have constructed a vast tidal Harbour. docks,and warehouses. A few. hundred yards Inside this again, extensive back from the Docks, is the, Railway Station, from which lines of rails are laid to the water's edge, so that parties embarking or disembarking, can be transferred from one means of convey- ance 'to the other without the least trouble. On the isthmus, which separates 'the Castle from the town, is rather an extensive esplanade, having a magnificient view out at sea and over 200 miles of country on the south and west; on the east and north, Pendennis, Carrack reach, Trefusis,.thé Harbour ahd Docks; and at the back, the Town, On this neck of land,.a Joint Stock Co. are raising a commodious Hotel, to be made capable of accommodating some scores of guests. They intend laying it out, with the surrounding grounds, in such manner, as shall obtain for it an early notoriety, and render ita favorite place of resort. Falmouth is destined to be again the Packet Station, and to bécome.a hief Port in Europe., During the last two years, houses have nearly doubled in number, and land has advanced to £1000 ot £1200 per acre. Sich'are 'the wonderworking changes of the Railway system' Such'is the mighty genius of progress! The Railway between Fowey and Lastwithicl is in course of construction. Another, between Tavistock and Titindeston isin aforwar" state ; bad a thirdpis about to be commeived it6 "Sit Ives, from the west Cornwall line. |"! Thie-Copper mines in Devon add Cornwall, on the whole, have very. much declined of late years, and are still on the retrograde. It ap- pears, aftesthey reach a certain depth, especially in mid and west Cornwall;they turn into tin mines, which aré on' the increase. England is 'blessed this year with an abundant Ta ! harvest; moré than for' many 'a year before. most counties, the crops'are saved; but alas what shall I 'say fot'my' own éounty-men, or those of them; whé'do 'ot observe to make hay whilst the sun' shines?" 'It ig painful to'behold, in travelling about, how much grainis' lying on the, ground over-ripe, and yet unsaved. They st ck toan old, custom, of, 5 or 6, farm- ers employing the same lot of men to. secure their grain; so that should it bea catching season like the present, three or four of the nu B ber will run, a great,risk of ruining their.grain, although labourers. are plentiful if sought af- ter.» It might. be almost imagined, that such ggards had some corre spondence with that mythical person, the. Clerk: of ;the weather," if we were to be guided by. their, stolid apathy and presumption, more than by the penalty they pay for their supineness. Scarcely in the memory/of the 'oldest inhab- itant," has England, ..and more particularly the western Counties, been, -visited by such | in- numerable shoals of pilchards, as during the last 4 weeks. Thousands of pounds worth have been taken, and the coast is Swarming still. So vast have beén the masses pouring! onward together, that several large nets at.once were carried away by their force, and lost. A splen- did Potato crop, With scarcely a Symptom ef dis- ease, and a glorious, cqtch of pikchards, and wheat down to 15 @ 16s. per bushel of 24 gal- lons, will make the poor of the land rejoice and be glad once more, thank God ! T hope the farmers of Canada, will not adopt the unwise custom of their trans-Atlantic breth- ren, in entering on a crusade against the poor small birds. It..had been a vulgar. idea, for scores of years, that small birds were enemies to the farmer, whereas expérience' has now shown in England, and legislation has determined in 4 PORES that small birds are conservators of the armers'. property,' by destroying worms and grubs which would destroy crops. The robin alone will destroy and consume 14 feet of worms in the course ofa single day. Yours, etc., CIVHVANI: SOC. Ohigligence, 5 ve 5 ) A Man Shot.--Some time ago Mr, Black, bailiff of the 2nd division court of this County, seized a daguerrian car in Carronbrook. He got thé property receipted and advertised it for sale. On"Friday last he went to' Carronbrook for the purpose of removing the car to Mitchell, where he intended to séll it, In the' mean time, however, the whippletrees and pole had been removed andseereted away, évidently to pre- venb the car being removed: | Black took out' 4 earch warrant, and. placed it in' the hands of Constable Baker who, on entering a window, the door being lockéd, found the parts of the car which had been! /stolen, in Nevinis. stable," It would appear, Nevin had.a claim against 'the owner of the car, and thought to prevent, its be- ing taken away. On the pole and whippletrees being 'produced' by the Constable, the Nevina and:,a great; many, others attemipted to take them away ag.n by force and;refused to allow the' bailiff'to recover the property. Black re- monstrated 'with thém, several, times)to no pur- pose. Finally. John Nevil caught Black in a threatening 'Manner, whereupon Black, after having cautioned Nevin to desist, and after -- having endeavoured to free himself from Nevin drew a pistol and 'shot him, the ball entering the' left side 'and'ipassing 'out behind, | Black and Baker are now in Jail. Nevis is not ex- pected to recover. rte '| artes i Surgical Operation.--Dr. Shaver of Stratford, assisted by, Dr, Wilson, of St. Mary's performed a delicate and serious operation on Wednesday last, upon Mr. James Hunter, junr., of Downie. The patient being under Chloroform bore the operation remarkably well, and we are happy to learn is 'progressing favourably towards re- covery, Selatan. Eka Sr =" We)'would call attention to an ad- vertisement in to day's issue from Mr. Fee, late of Bowmanville. He is about to open a large Hardwaré and Furniture store on Ontario Street. Mr. Fee is' connected witha very large Furniture Mannfacturing establishment in Bowmanville, 0 W., and will consequently be prepared to offer very) tempting bargains.. Call and give him a trial. tT a 33° Country Merchants or Hotel Keepers wl ; ; 8 who may be in want of a supply of Cheap Sua Good Liquors, will find it to their advantage to call dl Josep Watson, before purchasing else- : ate, <_1,:, ' '% 1 is Dr. Waugh can be consulted 'at his Yesi-- dence, Ontario Street, and is ready to attend on Sick calls at all times. . See card. _ 1S Mr Vanstone offers a reward | to any. 'per- Son who will.give such information as willlead. to the reéovery of a Steer and Heifer which have strayed from his premises.' See advé, #3 Any gentleman requiring slice ng "quIring -a, firsts suit of clothes; both: a& to itiatlty ines ie can be supplied 7 rina i aa Ppli at Mr. |). Willidmson's ps Bstablishment, Ontario. Street. He ceeps first-class workmon Sa he ome borat keeps first-class workmen only, and his work is, couseanently, econo nh ( ; ~ ly, f Bi 0 none in the Pro 'ince. h hive tag witht ee 2=° .. Marshall (Brdstates ceiving a vet me shal 8,-are just receiving 'a ver aes and. well selected stoek, of fall and winter toods. They will he ina position to treat their numerous customers better than ever. See ad- Yerlisements :4f fotrocay: cose bat soitle ay) ne x3 Mets. G! Hore & Co. having boon ao. sts. GJ . hy ,been-ap- poihted agents for the Montieal Pies Oibaatie Company, are prepared to Insure against Toss by fire' on favorable terms, This is an excellent Company: See) Advertisement.