8 COUNTY OF PERTH HERALD. THE ROMAN EMPERORS.: BY JOHN §. C, ABBOTT. Theodosius, Maximus and Valen- tinian II. In the year 364 occurred the final divi- sion of the Roman empire, under the reign of Valentinian. The Hast has hencefor- ward an independent history of its own. As it is my object to give a biographical sketch of the Roman emperors only, the East will now be dismissed with only occassional allusion to the momentous events occurring there. Rome was falling into deeay. Va- lentinian selected Milan asthe capital of the western empire. Upon the death of Va- lentinian his eldest son, Gratian, ascended- the throne, his authority being sustained by the double claim of hereditary right and the unanimous voice of the soldiers. The lad was at that time but seventeen years of age. His mother, Severa, was the grand- daughter of Constantine. Under her Chris- tian guidance young Gratian developed a character of rare excellence. Gratian was on the march to help his uncle, Valens, emperor of the Hast, when he heard of his death and of the extermina- tion of two-thirds of his army by the Goths. Both the East and the West were now fear- fully imperilled by the rush of barbaric hordes. Gratian, after a delay of five months, appointed Theodosius, renowned in the annals of the Church, to the empire of the East. Theodosius was a Christian and a soldier, but we can not follow him in his illustrious career. Gratian made very rapid advances in pub- lic esteem. His gentle manners, his amia- ble disposition, and his affability endeared him to private friends. His eloquence and literary culture secured the respect and ad- miration of scholars. His valor, dexterity with arms and universally recognized mili- tary ability won the applause of soldiers. His virtuous life, his piety, his zeal for the interests of Christianity, gathered around him the affections of Christians. Such was the character of Gratian when he ascended the throne. . But the temptations of royalty proved too strong for his resistance. Yield- ing to the seductions which crowded him on every side, he fell rapidly and deplorably. He became intolerant in religion. His skill with the horse, the bow and the javelin, he preferred to exhibit in the pursuit of foxes and hares rather than in driving the barbarians from his frontiers. Though his moral character remained unstained, all that was heroic and imperial was sunk in effem- inacy and voluptuousness. Discontent rap- idly spread, and the banner of open and de- termined revolt against him was first un- furléd in Britain. Other portions of the empire rallied around the insurgent Maxi- mus. The young men, charmed by his in- trepidity, rushed to his standard. The em- peror was then luxuriating is one of his palaces in Paris, wasting his energies and finding inglorious excitement in hurling javelins at lions and bears in safe enclosures. Fiyen the approach of the insurgents did not awake him from his shameful slumbers, until his own armies fraternized with the rebels, anid his own guard rushed in a body to the banners of revolt. now thoroughly in dismay. The emperor was He fled to- wards Lyons with a train of but three hun- dred horse. way, were closed against him. The gates of the cities, on his The ener- getic foe pursued him, and the dagger of the assassin finished his career. Theodosius would have gladly marched to the relief of his benefactor, but the rapidity of events prevented his intervention, the sceptre of empire. Maximus, assassin, grasped the He, however, entered into stipulations with young Valentinian, the brother of Gratian, by which he sur- réndered to him the sovereignty of Italy and Affica, supreme only beyond the Alps. while Maximus himself reigned In the Hast, the Emperor Theodosius was rivalling Constantine in his devotion to the. interests of the church. He was parents; and had been thoroughly instructed in the doctrines and moral' precepts of Christianity. - A serious "illness, which threatened his life during .the first year of | his reign, led him to seek a personal: inter: est in the Saviour of sinners. ceiving the sacrament of baptism. Imme- diately after he issued the followine edict: "Tt is our pleasure that all the nations, we govern should adhere to the religion taught. by St. Peter to the Romans, -- cording to the teaching of the Apostles and the doctrine of the Gospel, let. us belieye the the:child of pious | ' : the : ' | scourges of humanity and admired and tried He then made a public profession of religion bv re-|¢ tr at a I I gion by re-| of the West in the name of V alentinian, who | Was a minor. sole deity of the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost, under an equal Majesty and Trinity. We authorize the followers of this doctrine to assume the title of Catholic Christians, and all others we brand as here- tics." At this early age the controversy re- specting the Trinity agitated the church. The disciples of Arian, who taught the sub- ordinate dignity of the Son, were numerous and influential, and the whole Christian world was disturbed by the controversy. Constantinople was the principal seat of Arianism. A shrewd writer of the times records: " This city is full of mechanics and slaves, who are all of them profound theologians, and who preach in the shops and the streets. If you desire aman to change a piece of silyer he informs you wherein the Son differs from the Father. If you ask the price ofa oaf, you are told, by way of reply, that the Sonl is inferior to the Father. And if you inquire whether the bath is ready, the an- swer is that the Son was made out of no- thing." Theodosius set his face strongly against the Arians. But to return from the Eastern empire to the Western, we find there now two emperors, Valentinian in Italy and Maximus beyond the Alps. Val- entinian, with his mother Justina, were Arians. But Ambrose, bishop of Milan, leading the clergy and the populace with a power. rivalling that of the emperor, was a Trinitarian. In the excitement of the con- troyersy religious trinitarian mobs swept the streets of Milan, and the emperor was com- pelled to appeal to the bishop for protection. The bishop conquered the monarch, and not a single church was permitted to be opened in Milan for Arian worship. At one time the bishop barricaded himself in the cathedral and the episcopal palace, and surrounded himself, in that impregnable fortress, with so formidable a guard of the people that even the imperial troops did not dare to march against them. Maximus, not satisfied with the sovereign- ty of England, France and Spain, collected a yast army of barbarians from Germany, and marched for the conquest of Italy. Secretly he crept through the defiles of the Alps, and the first indication Valentinian had of his approach was from the clouds of dust and the gleam of burnished armor, discerned, in the distance from the towers of Milan. Valentinian fled in dismay, and Maximus entered Milan in triumph. The fugitive royal family sought protection un- der Theodosius, in the far East. _'Theodo- sius energetically espoused the cause of Val- entinian, and raised a large army to enable him to recover his throne. The two armies met on the banks of the Save. For two days the battle raged, crimsoning the ground with blood, and covering it with the bodies of the slain. Maximus 'yas utterly routed, and, having lost most of his army, retreated over the Julian Alps. Theodosius fiercely pursued him, battered down the walls of Aguileia, where Maximus had taken refuge, dragged the usurper from his throne, tore off his robes of imperial purple, and led him, like a malefactor, in chains into the vic- torious camp. Here, by one sabre blow, the wretched man was beheaded. Theodosius himself repaired to Milan, where he spent several months in adminis- tering the government of the Western em- pire as well as of hisown. . From Milan he repaired to Rome, where he entered, in. tri- umph, the ancient capital of the Roman world. markable men of any age. a jurist, an administrator and a soldier, he alike The utmost aniability and purity of manners embell- ished his domestic life. Theodosius was one of the most re- As a legislator, was distinguished. He was chaste and temperate. His personal friends were chosen from. those who merited his esteem: from their intelligence and private virtues. Ab- sorbed as he was with the cares of empire, he he deyoted a portion of every day in. m: ing himself ite study. 'THe ever expressed tation of those tyrants whohad proved themselves uk in- to. imitate those who had preyed. blessings to mankind... The aged mother and the or- phan daughters 6f Maximus he took under his special:protection. / For three years ~Theodosins 'retained | monarch both of the Eastern and the West- ern empires, administering the covernment Theodosius then returned to | Constantinople, leaving Valentinian, a feeble prince, to govern an empire too vast for his ability. ~ Soon | after this Valéritinian ) was found dead, strangled in his bed. He died |in the year 392, by assassination, which still continued 'to be almost the natural death of a Roman emperor. familiar with history, his favor- | still found time for mental culture, and | | { | | | i THE QUALIFICATION. T= first and grand step for any man who wishes to qualify as Member of Parliament for this County is A TO GET MARRIED, 'The second is to bring your wife and family to G HORNE & CO.'S, To buy their DRY GOODS, MILLINERY, AND FANCY GOODS. Just received from Paris and London 1S CASES Of Bonnets, Hats, Plumes, Parasols, Artificials, | Crape, Tissue, Barege and Filled Shawls. Capes of the newest styles and designs. | 250 Packages of Heavy Dry Goods from the | leading manufacturers of England, Ireland and | Scotland. MILLINERY Of every description made to order. REGALIA.--Temperance, Orange Regalia made to order. G. HORNE & CO. Ontario Street. -tf NEW CONFECTIONERY. HENRY GIBSON, Market Street, Stratford. CONFECTIONERY Always on hand. WEDDING CAKES Made to order. Ginger Beer, Lemon and Sar- saparilla Syrups, Ice Creams, &c. THEA CAKES, Of every variety. ie THE TRADE SUPPLIED. TERMS :--Cash or Trade. Stratford, June 1, 1863. 1-tf SABBATH SCHOOL LIBRARIES REWARD BOOKS, REWARD TICKETS, &c. Libraries of any size made up to suit pur- chasers. Vivian & Co. x= Corner Store leading to the Market. Money to Loan. HES SUBSCRIBER IS PREPARED TO Negotiate Loans on Improved Farms pay- able by instalments in from one to ten years, at a reasonable rate of interest. Masonic and Stratford, June, 4, 1863. A LARGE STOCK OF FAMILY BIBLES, At Low Rates. Bibles, Prayer PSALM BOOKS, WESLEY'S HYMNS, &e Elegantly Bound, P.R. JARVIS. Stratford, July 30, 1863. 5-tf LAND FOR SALE. 90) A CRES OF GOOD LAND IN the Township of Mornington, being Lot No. 11, 4th Concession, one mile from West's Corners, and near the Gravel Road.-- Pocket Books FG Se : There are 6 acres cleared; good water. Deed Vivian & Co. from the Crown. Price S12 as acre, Will be X= Corner Store leading to the Market. sold together or separate. Apply to --_-- --_ men? SAMUEL SOFTLEY Bartonville, C. W. M 1@) N EY T 0) L oO A Bartonville, September 2, 1863. 10-3m* ON ---- ee FIRST CLASS SECURITY. Apply to CORNISH & McDONALD, Jarvis' Block, Stratford Stratford, August 10, 1863. 7-tf DIVISION COURTS, 1863. COUNTY OF PERTH. Division No. 1 Court House, Stratford, 24th October at 10 o'clock A. M. Division No. 2 Court Room, Mitchell, 28th October at 10 o'clock A, M. Division No, 3 Court Room St. Marys 27th October at 10 o'clock A. M, Division No. 4 Court Room Shakespeare 26th October at 10 o'clock A. M. Division No. 5 Court Room Poole, 31st Octo- ber at 10 o'clock A. M, T. STONEY, SADDLE, HARNESS TRUNK MAKE®, WELLINGTON ST., STRATFORD, Opposite the Market, Always keeps on hand everything in the Sad- dlery line, Cheap for Cash or short Oredit. x2- The Oldest established Shop in the County 1etf Division No. 6 Court Room Westmonckton, se ego Leama Mss 29th October at 10 o'clock A. M. ried OF tints Sept. 2nd, 1863 . S BOUND (si ¢ NS gned BOOKS B ee In every style of Binding. Judge. Copied from the original fyled in my office: OLD BOOKS REPAIRED. (Signed,) 'J. J. E, LINTON Vivian & Co. x= Corner Store leading to the Market. Clerk Peace. Clerk of Peace Office, Stratford Sept. 5th, 1863. SORIBNER'S PVADT. RECKONER, - 12-tf THE one FULLER BROTHERS. Wholesale and Retail DEALERS IN BAR-IRON & COAL, Shelf Hardware, -- Paints, Oils & Giass, SIGN OF THE GOLDEN ANVIL ONTARIO ST., STRATFORD. N: B.--Blacksmiths, Wood-workers, Carpen- ters, Painters, &c., will always find a full and complete assortment in stock. Stratford, June 1, 1863, MELODEONS From the best makers at their prices, VIOLINS & VIOLIN & GUITAR STRINGS. Vivian & Co. XS Corner Store leading to the Market. VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE IN THE 'TOWN OF STRATFORD, Being Lot No H, situate in the i-tf Business Part of the town, On Erie Street, and running to Market Street, known as the JOHN A. SCOTT PROPERTY. Frontage on Erie Street, 78 feet, and 58 feet on Market Street, consisting of Lot H and a part of Lot I. This property will be sold in one lot, or divided into lots of 18, 20 or 26 feet to suit pur- chasers. The property will be sold by private contract. For Particulars apply to J. G. HARPER, Eso., Manager Commercial Bank, London, Or toe ex GEO. FE. SMALL, Kse., Commercial Bank, here Stratford, Sept. 22nd, 1863. 13-tf OUR PRINTED FORMS. Are the neatest in the County, such as Asses~ sor's Rolls, Collector's do,, Voter's Lists, Deeds, Leases, Mortgages, Division Court Forms, &c. &c., at the usual prices, Vivian & Co. 31> Corner Store leading to the Market. JOHN HOLMES, TO Ys, CONFECTIONERY, FRUITS, Fancy Goods, FISHING TACKLE, &c., &c. Has always on hand+a good supply of the above articles. A large supply of PHILDREN'S CABS, WILLOW WARE Of every kind ; opposite J. Corcoran's Grocery Store, Ontario Street. JOHN HOLMES, N. B,--Guelph Lime always on hand. Stratford, June 1, 1863. 1-tf OME DOCTOR! FOR SHIP BUILDERS, BOAT BUILDERS, / BER WNRCODANES, FARMERS & MECHANICS. irrect measnreinent of Scantling, Boards, Plank, Cubical vis of Square an! Round Timber, Sawlogs, Wood, etc, com- ina number of Tables; to which are added Tables of Wages the month, Board or Rent, by the week or day, railroad distances, Als interest Tables, at seven per cent. ~ nA ARR Bmw. Mt. sCcRIBNER, AUTHOR OF "ENGINEER'S AND MECHANIO'S COMPANION," ENGINEER'S POCKET TABLE BOOK, etc., ete. cates, it is w by &e. . practice. By JOHN Also, accompanying Scarcely is it possible to add to the recommendations of the above book, more than to give its title page. Every one who is engaged in buying, selling, measuring or inspecting Lumber of any kind, will at onee appreciate a work of this kind. No pains or expense has been spared in revising and enlarging this edition, to make it in every re- spect convenient and accurate. Sahib The Log Table was computed by drawing Diagrams, as shown by the cut, for each and every log, from 12 to 44 inches in diameter, and the width of each board taken, after taking off the waneedge. Thesum total of each board constitutes the amount each leg will give, and if there can be any dependence plac- ed upon such strietly mathematical accuracy, no one will hesitate for a moment to abide the results: here given, as the method adopted by the author can result in nothing else than strict honesty and mathemat- ical accuracy, to the parties interested. : : : The best evidence of the usefulness and popularity of this book is the rapid and extensive sale of over 875,000 in 9 very short time, while the ee is constantly increasing. We do not hesitate to say that no book of its size and price contains more useful or correct tables. In all new and lumber countries the book will be found yery con- venient, as it comprises much that is useful for the Farmer, Mechanic. and business man. ORDERS LICKEED, from Agents, Booksellers, and others. to whom liberal pte be made. ad Price 25 cents. FIVE COPIES sent to ob addreas for ONE DOLLAR, postage paid. The books can be had of Bookselle: generally, throughout the United States. ' GEORGE W. FISHER, Publisher, 6, Exchange Strece Y pressly for family use." Seb view ; Ist. The prevention *,* The two books pages, price cents ; Prinied and sold, Beshester, N. ¥. i The above valuable works can be obtained at Vivian &7> : Twp is a new and valuable book for every family in the United States, and one that may be consulted with perfect safety. As its titlepage indi- COIS HIDE WOCROR, OR FAMILY MANUAL: giving the Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of Diseases; with an ac- count of the System while in health, and Rules for preserving that state. Appended to which are Recipes for making various Me of Diet for the sick-room. The whole written for general use and daily - edicines and articles B. NEWMAN, M. D." this book, or separate, is "THE BOOK OF HERBS, Devoted exclusively to Herbs, giving their names, varieties, descrip- tion, medical properties and doses, use, time of gathering, and many other directions very useful for every family to know, and written ex- The Book of Herbs @ devoted solely to Popular Medical Botany, and will furnish on that point all the desired information wanted for general use. Such a manual is very valuable to all families in the country, who desire to inform themselves relative to the properties of plants that grow around them ; and not only to find their names and virtues, but the best method of deriving benefit from them. The properties of each, more especially the medicinal, are confirmed, in most instances, by personal experience. i> Remedies are given for poisoning by vegetables, and general direc- tions for avoiding noxious plants, and not mistaking them for others. In preparing this book the author has had three important things in of Disease ; 2d. The arrest of Disease when threatened by it; and 3d. 'The cure of Disease by the most simple remedies to be obtained. are put up and bound together, and contain 200 or sold separately at __ cents each. wholesale and retail, to Agents and others BY. GEO. W. FIHSER. No. 6 Excuanesssr., ROCHESTER, N, Y. Book store. i