$2.00 per Annum Vi deadw bs STRATFORD, eer en meee om te << Ald extremes are-error, the opposite of error is not truth but error: truth lies between the extremes." in advance. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 28) 1863 NO. 18, Select Poetry. CON YI OPO OO Losing .and: Living. BOI For ever the sun is pouring its gold Ona hundred worlds;that beg and: borrow; His, warmth be squanders on sunsmits cold, His wealth on the homes of want and sorrow, To withhold his largess of precious light Ig to bury himself in eternal night: To give is to live. The.flower, shines not for himself at all, Its joy is the joy it freely diffuses ; Of, beauty and balm it is prodigal, 'And it lives in the life it sweetly loses. No choice for the rose, but giory or doom-- To exhale or smother, to wither or bloom: To deny is to die. The sea lends silvery rain to the land, The land its sapphire streams to the ocean ; The heart sends blood to the brain of command, The brain to the heart its lightning motion ; And ever and ever we yield our breath-- Till the mirror isidry, and images death : To live is to give, Heis dead whose hand is not opened wide To help the need: ofa human brother ; He, doubles the life of his life-long ride 'Who gives his fortunate place to another ; Anda thoug&nd million lives are his, Who carries the world in his sympathies : * To deny is to die. . Throw. gold to the far-dispetsing wave, And your ships sail home with tons of treasure ; Care not for comfort, all hardship brave, And evening and age shall sup with pleusure ; Fling health to the sunshine, wind, and rain, And roses shall come to the cheek again : To give is to live. What is our life? Is it wealth and strength? If we for the Master's sake will lose it, We shall find it a hundred-fold at length, While they shall for ever lose who refuse it ; And nations that save their union and peace At the cost of right, their woe shall increase ; They save a grave. Rey. W..H, Parxer. Russia and Europe. From the Saturday Review. The case of Poland and Russia has now been fully stated by all the parties to the controversy. From a comparison of the despatches it appears that the three West- tern Governments had, to a certain extent, concerted their answers, although England and' Austria declined to join with France in an identical Note, All the Ministers use some of the same arguments, in nearly the same order, and the concluding menace or warning to Russia is common to all the des- patches. Although it iy impossible to move freely in diplomatic fetters, Lord Rus- sel and his French and Austrian colleagues have recorded a forcible protest against the rejection by Russia of their overtures in fayour of Poland, Itwas, perhaps a waste of time to bandy half-truths and abstract phrases about the relative duties of subjects and of Governments. Prince Gortschakoff asserts that clemency and justice must be preceded by submission to lawful autho- rity ; and Lord Russell, with equal plausi- bility, argues that obedience ought to be the result, and not the condition precedent, of equitable administration. A more di- rect contradiction is provoked by the Rus- sian pretence that the Polish insurrection has beem instigated by foreigners, and by the professed promoters of revolution. The eosmopolitan conspiracy against order is' cherished fiction of despotic Governments. There, may be democrats and theoretical malcontents in many parts of the Continent put experience shows that they have neither an efficient organization nor a common pur- se. The beneficent revolution in Italy, which is the greatest of recent 'political changes, was a purely national movement, directed by 'moderate politicians, and prin: cipally' supported by the 'classes which' are most directly interested in the manintenance of law and in the protection of property. The Polish movement is not, less strictly indigenous, and the Russian Government is perfectly aware thatit has not originated with Frenchmen, with Englishmen, or with Italians, . The Russians.themselves, while in diplomatic documents they describe the insurgents as partisans of anarchy, appeal in their domestic proclamations to the dregs of the people, against the unanimous deter- mination of the landowners, the traders, the clergy, and the citizens of the towns. It is absurd to maintain that the upper and mid- dle'classés, in any country, incur fearful sufferings and dangers for, the sake cf over> turning the® foundations of civil society. Lhe exposuré, however; of Prince Gorts- chakoff's fallacies and inaceuracies is | the least, important, part, of. the. despatches, Like pleadings in any English,action at law, the communications of the three, powers are intended, not tourge the question, but. to bring the dispute to a definite issue. Prince Gortschakoft's concise reply amounts to a trayerse on denial of the allegations on the other side, and, again to borrow the lan- guage of pleaders, thereupon issue is joined. There i8 no room for further exchange of statement or opinion, and it' only remains for the plaintiffs to determine whether they will bring the 'ase to trial. The claborate paper addressed by the National Government of Poland to Prince Czartoryski isin itself far more interesting than the formal communications of the three Courts, as it treats, with fuller knowledge and without conventional :reticence, of the real objects | of the insurgents, and: of -the actual conduct and policy, of Russia. 'The entire document deserves attentive study, as the ablest. exposition of the dispute .which has hitherto been authoritatively published. Not the least forcible part. of the apology for Poland is the argument which the an- onymous Government deduces from its own existence, and from the general recognition and obedience which it commands. Ter- rorism, as the writer truly observes, may | produce sullen and passive submission ; but no community was ever yet intimidated in- to active self-sacrifice and into exploits. of unparalleled heroism. The syeophantie or careless slanderers who taunt the Poles with the anarchy which deformed. one period of their history ought tobe silenced by the spectacle of the severe and voluntary disci- pline which the nation has imposed upon it- self under its anonymous rulers, The deli- berate system of robbery and murder which has been instituted by Mourayieff, and for- mally approyed by the Emperor Alexander, is the foulest example of anarchy which has been exhibited in Europe since the days of Marat and Robespierre. As the three Courts remind the Russian Government, every deliberate Assembly in Europe has denounced the atrocity of a social war in which the peasantry are bribed by the plun- der and massacre of proprietors. If further authority is required, the proof of erimi- nality is completed by the sympathy of the Republican party in America with the Russian assassination of Poland, Extreme wickedness is naturally congenial to unpre- cedented perversity. The National Gov- ernment complains with peculiar bitterness of the foreign aid by which the oppressor profits, while he hypocritically complains that the insurrection is supperted from with- out. Prussian troops guard the North- western frontier of Poland for Russia, and intercept the arms which form the most ur- gent want of the insurgents. If the Na- tional Government is to be believed, the leaders have often been obliged to reject the services of recruits because they found it impossible toarm them. They also com- plain that "many lives, which might have been advantageously employed against the enemy, have been sacrificed in 'obscure at- tempts to introduce the arms which .the Government had purchased at vast expense: The obstinate injustice of Prussia, contrast- ed with the prudently liberal professions of Austria, is one 'of the most irritating , cir- cumstances of the present contest. Prince Gortschakoff's despatches close the diplomatic controversy, and the ap- proaching winter-almost precludes the pos- sibility of immediate hostilities against Rus- sia. The curtain, or it may be the drop- scene, falls on daring and triumphant wrong. 'There is every reason to fear that the Russians are strong enough to enforce the doctrines which theyhave the audacity to avow:. The repudiation of the moral and political rightt.of Poland, and of, the diplo- matic ¢laims of Europe, is uncompromising and complete. The Russian Government relies on its own, military ..power and on the assistance of Prussia, for the subjection, of the insurgents, while it hopes for security against foreign intervention from thé indis- position of England to war, from' the' pro-, fessed repugnance of Frante 'to separate action, and from the forrifér' 'complicity of Aiistria in| the partition of* Poland. |: 'The cilénlation may perhaps prove'to be 'correct, but it is dangerous to shock the conscience and 'defy 'the indignation) of; mankind. Three powerful Governments, haye.at this moment a just cause of quarrel with Russia, and/a: war.-in-behalf of, Poland would be popular in, France,..and,. after a time, per; haps:also.in England, Lord Russell and Count. Rechberg., may perhaps haye been mistaken. in the belief that any considerable part of the Polish population could have been conciliated by an amnesty followed by justand moderate administration ; but the Russian Government, by refusing' every compromise, has cemented the 'union of the Poles, aud deprived itself of the only plausible excuse for severity. Unless the insurrection is supressed,iv will henceforth be "atended by the tacit approval of Huro- pean Governments, as well as hy the sym- pathy 'of the nations, and an unexpected success might at.any time justify a, recogni tion of belligerent rights which would be the first.step to the acknowledgment of Po- lish independence. A political change in Prussia, by uniting all the Great Powers, would remove the hesitation which at pre- Tf Prus- sig and Austria were prepared to occupy Poland, while the'English and French fleets dosed the Russian ports, no actual hostili- ties would be necessary to/ensure the sub- mission of Russia. It is unnecessary to enumerate other contingencies in which the cause of Poland would be supported by for eign Powers with decisive effect. It might be expedient for Russia _ to incur a certain sent prevents active interference. plation of public law, mere: inyadersy and wrongdoers.. |The present insurrection has been regarded as morally, just, (but. it is, dif- ficult to. dispute),the right,/of any,, Goyern- ment tosuppress.reyolt in its own dominions. Yet if Russia were legally, as well.as his- torically, merely, a conquering intruder, | the chances of foreign intervention for the | vindication of national independence would be largely increased. form orto express a confident judgment on the results ofa conflict between atove of peace and'a sense of justice. The Govern- inents coneerned are therisel ves ignorant of the course.which it' may become 'neeessary to adopt, and "political observers necessarily: share their! uncertainty: 'On' the: whole, it terminated - with its present, abortive | con: of the National: Goyernment; in, the , Moniz teur shows that France, at least, feels keenly the:sting of the. contempt with which, her remonstrances have been received, and that, the Emperor. is , determined , to keep the path to war as open as. that to peace. "New Confederate Privateers, The, London Express has the following. : "The Hahneman, Captain Phillips, from, 30th of August, met with the following ad- S., and long. 32 48 W., while in company with two Dutch barks--one named the Bul- gerstyn, the other name unknown--they perceived a large brig bearing down upon them with all sail) She passed the two Dutch ships, exchanged signals with them, and then shaped her course for the Hahne- man, which was then on' the port tack, and heading to SS. W., with the: wind S. K. The brig then fired a blank gun, and the British colors were immediately hoisted on Habneman, but she still kept on her course, The American now fired ashotted gun, which fortunately fell "astern ; afterwards another shot dropped just ahead. The Hahneman then lay to, and the bark rapidly risk in the hope that the question might be forcibly settled before the remonstrances of Europe had time to condense into action ; but even the policy of the Russian Govern- ment will fail to exterminate the Poles, and their perennial discontent will survive the persecution of Alexander IT. as it survived the tyranny of Nicholas. A middle course, whicn nas aiready been proposed and temporarily rejected, may per- haps be substituted for an immediate de- claration of war. The title of Russia to Poland, which was originally founded on the lawless exercise of force, acquired a certain technical legality under the provi- sions of the Treaty of Vienna. As the three Powers have recorded their opinion that the conditions of the Treaty have been violated by Russia, they might consistently proceed to declare that the compact was terminated and that the rights of the Em- peror Alexander to Poland were henceforth to be defined by simple possession. It was inexpedient to denounce the arrangement of Vienna as terminated by the default of Russia, while Prince Gortschakoff still vaguely acknowledged the right of the Euro- pean Governments to insist on the fulfil- ment of the obligations of Vienne. It was safer to rely on a' treaty than on general considerations of humanity and justice ; but, as the Russian Government has accepted the sole responsibility of its acts, M- Drouyn dé Lhuys is justified in observing that for- eign Powers are also related to the full ex- erciseof their discretion. It would be premature to withdraw diplomatic recogni- tion of the Russian dynasty in Poland, as long as the military occupation of the coun- try is practically undisputed. According to the modern rule of English Policy, pos- seasion is the test of legitimate sovereignty, and itis immaterial to inquire whether a throne has beén founded on usurpation. Tf, however, the insurgents were able even tem- porarily to expel the enemy from any con- siderable part of their country, the Rus- sians would afterwards beome, in contem- gained upon her,and while she was hauling':p her mainsail the privateer ag" in fired--this time, two shotted guts--and one of which very nearly reached the Hahneman; falling in a line with the foremast, and the other passsd over the poop, close by the captain and mate. The Hahneman was imme- diately brought to, and waited the approach of the unwelcome stranger. When she was within about 400 yards, a boat was lowered manned by an officer and four men heavily armed, three of whom boarded the Hahne- man and demanded her papers. The officer was remonstrated with by the captain as to his mode of procedure, who replied that if he was sure she was.a Federal ship they would have sunk. her rather then let her escape, The ships papers were strictly, scrutinized, with which the officer expres- sed himself satisfied. The officer, upon in- qiry, said his ship was the Tuscaloosa, Captain Low, and had run the blockade of Charleston after the defeat of the ironclads, and had been fifty days out ; she had not captured any vessels in that time although several had been boarded by her. The offi- cer, Mr. St. Clair, a native of Virginia, then left the ship together with his men, and the Hahneman proceeded on her way." A despatch from Mauritius, dated Sept. Tt would be idle to | * is probable:that the drama has nots finally | clusion, ; andthe |insertion,.of the statement | London, which arrived in Bombay on the { venture : On the Ist of July,.in lat. 25 25) tant 40 miles, a screw steamer came off to wards her showing English colors, asking if she had seen an American Ship ; being ah- "Wwered in the negative, the 'steamer hauled down the English colors and hoisted the @onfederate flag.' She was brig rigged, 'ap- parently a very fast. vessel, and witha great timber of men showing on her decks," |» The Southern Cause in 'Engiand, "A meeting of the Committee of the Asso- ciation formed under the title MANCHESTER SourHEeRN INDEPENDENCE ASSOCIATION, by' the amalgamation of the» Central Asso éiation for the Recognition of the Southern States andthe' Manchester Southern Club, was held-ow the 5th, at, the Clarence, Hotel, Manchester, Lord Warncliffe in the chair. There was anumerous attendance. A draft of, the address of the Association was rea and moved by Mr. Spence, seconded by Mr. Edward Hardcastle, and carried, A reso- lution was then moved by Mr. Matthew Kennedy, in favor of substantial aid bemg called for by the association, which was "t seconded by Mr. Charles Pooley, and earried, Lord Warncliffe denied that-he had charged: those who advocate the 'Northern side witly interested He had never used: terms opén' to any such construction, and thought it right to-assume that each party was actuated by asole desire to promote what it deemed the right cause. He then referred to Lord Russell's, speech, and es: pecially to, that, portion in which he ex- pressed the opinion that the majority in this country was in fayor of the North. This the speaker combated by several arguments, He then entered into the general question of the recognition, to which he should 'ob- ject as astep to be taken by this country alone, but of which he heartily approved as a course to be taken by several of the European Powers collectively. With refer ence to Mr. Lincoln's proclamation, he said he had it on very good authority that the' measure was really originated in this coun- try, and sent out as one that must be adopt- ed to insure the support of a certain party in England. His Lordship concluded a, forcible address by adyocating the vigorous action of the association. . Mr. Spence said that he took the news now coming over from America, contrasting as it did with that of -- a few weeks back, as a proof that each Pow- er after a term of success came to a stop in its course, and lost the ground again, and so this terrible tide of bloodshed ebbed and flowed without hope that either party could bring the struggle to anend. He contend- ed that this end could not be reached but by the action or influence of some third party--some European Power. | Alluding to Lord Russell's statement, Mr. Spence discussed the settlements on this question of the different classes of society, holding that in every rank there was a large major- ity in favor of the South. In the higher circles none would dispute this, and as to the working men, they were not easily de- ceived as some imagined. Time after time deputations of working men had come for- ward to protest against the color given to their opinions, and to urge meetings in favor of the South. This agitation was not deemed expedient by the friends of the motives. this country. But the Federal party had taken another course--they had organized' an agitation, and must be met with their own weapons, and he was convinced that, now that a dicision had been come to to 5, says :-- " he Emma, which arrived here from Nantes on the 9thof August, states that on the 28th of June, about four miles to leeward of Trinity Island, she passed a two-masted screw steamer painted black outside and yellow inside, bearing the Con- federate flag, and having about 150 men on board. At the time she was close to an American ship, apparently searching her. Another large ship, probably a prize, was anchored in the bay, to which place the steamer proceeded, and took shelter behind meet them, they would rue the day when they provoked the contest. closed with a vote of thanks to Lord Warn- cliffe for his services in the chair. ec MELANCHOLY AccIDENT.--The ham two. estimable ladies, one Miss Chat- the other Miss Jane Miller, twenty-one an sixteen years respectively, who we: OV ed in the River Sydenliam, on the 10 by the upsetting of a small boa' a cluster of small islands, supposed 'to be on the look out for other Federal vessels." The London, .imes of the. 6th says :-- « The Flying Spur, arrived in the river, reports that on the 15th of August, lat. 34 S., long. 18 E., Capeland bearing E, dis- they were crossing that stream. © "Th was too small for their conveyance, and while in the middle of the river they bedame alarmed, when the craft capsized,,and ; botl were, precipitated into the wate being in the immediate vicinity, them assistance, they sank to a wa The bodies were recovered half an hour afterwards. \ South. They respected the neutrality of The meeting planet records the lamentable death of Theresa Miller, daughter of the late Dr. Miller, and