THE COUNTY OF PERTH HERALD, STRATFORD, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1864. 5 The English National Debt. From the London Times. A little return comprising a dozen lines, informs us that in the year ending September 30. the revenue ol this kingdom exceeded the ex- penditure by £2,042,168 Ils. 6d. Accordingly a quarter of that sum, with a trifle besides, was applied to the reduction of the national debt. The whole proceeding is formal and Statutory; we must not attach too much value -to the announcement. But there is no reason why we should not accept the statement that for the year ending last Michaelmas the State received two millions more than it spent, and was two millions better off so far as regarded its pecuniary liabilities and assets, As the State has not had the opportunity of spend- ing more. since or contracting more debts, and as the revenue keeps up in spite of reductions, we may conclude that in due time we shall see a return to the same eflect for the year ending last December 31. _ It is pleasant to see_the tide of expenditure on the turn, and to know that we are not ab- solutely speeding on with uniform and irristible force to national bankruptcy. It is true that thedittle difference be- fore us admits of: a! variety of treat- ment.' Our expenditare has lately been excessive, and this is only a re- bound. ,On. the ,.other. band, . our revenue has been immense, and in the cotirse of reduction by the whole- Sale remission of taxes, On the whole the bare fact neither gains or loses, by @- minute' serutiny. | Perbaps the broadest and most natural way of putting it is thatat.a period when we are going to an unusual expense upon almost all héads, after abolish- ing.an immense quantity of taxes pressing on industry and the middle and lower classes, and, above all, during the collapse of our principal manufacture, we can show in one year two millions received more than spent. Just. imagine bow any one of. our neighbors or cousins, near or far, would receive such an announce- ment! What new wings they would take to their ambition, what buoy- aney-to their hopes, what new. fields to their enterprise; wha! inexhaustible credit ! New.) boulevards, new squares, new ~ edifices one' more beautiful than another, new railways, more iron-clads, more docks and bar bors,' more fortifications, more rifled ordnance' 'new frontiers, new 'ein- irgs, would. rise up by magic. The Umperor f Russia would. immediate: ly construc: a railway 'three thotigand miles long into Siberia. The Sultan would order ten new palaces and five acres of cut-glass mirrors... But we fall back upon' the remission of taxes; Income Tax, Malt Tax, Tea Duties, and.a few other duties, ae all, at least eapable of reduction... There »is still left the capacity of being léss. "Every dwelling-house pays three distinct taxes to the State, besides. no'end of rates. 'Lhe profoudest wisdom that an_Englishtnan is capable of is to keep:his cakes and not eat it... So we revert to the bld- conclusion' Lt us reduce: our taxes one by one, and spend no more. money than we can help. England has 'some right to coim- mend' her financial state to the atten. tion-of-her~neighbors~ She Fs vin it- ting nothing necessary, to self-defence ; she is not enjoying unqualified good fortune" just now ; she, does not levy onesingle tax on the 'produce or the workmanship of her neighbors which she does not levy on her own, and yet. she is keeping within ber income. It costs her mahy an effort, and many a. piece of self-denial, yet she does it. Englishmen, can spend, yet England spends less, according to her means, than any other nation. "Our own neighbors, and they who-,are ony our neighbors im the mostinclus ve sense, are fishing for loans in our market. Not a day passes without seeing a finaneial:anglertr lling for the British capitalist, offering all sorts of tempting baits. Some of them must succeed, for there is.a neyer-ending supply. of people 'crédulous enough to grasp at 6 per centi.on any security; One would think that fish were wiser by this tire; but, the bairs:stilb take, and our fables.are still supplied. But how is it that all other: States. are borrow- ing and we.not? It is worth a thought, we begto assure onr readers," who, with a' few hundreds to invest, are looking out for a chance of bettering themselves, This perpetual talk of war, and the inflanimable state which talk of this sort comes from and goes to, have some hing to do with all this borrowing. _ There is, a general mis- giving that if money should. by any chance be wanted it may not be attain- able on any such terms next year or the year after.as now. .None..so prompt. as financers tomake hay while the sun shines; but when they are making hay »with more than usual activity we may look for a change of weather. A European war once fairly set in would 'soon put a few governments in that downward course whence there is no return, 2nd com- pel them to offer the pleasant sort of compromise with which Greece is said to be consoling her creditors. But why should any European State be borrowing except for war? If, how- ever it be berrowing for war, who can doubt that its stock wiil be purchas- able on cheaper terms two or three years hence than now? The Reciprocity Treaty. ITS ADVANTAGES CALMLY CONSIDERED. The Governor of Maine 'has discovered a novel reason for opposition to the Treaty. " The~ British Americans were formerly so fond of this country," he. says "that they desired to be annexed to it--the current of feeling now runs all the other way. We should cease to trade with these people on fair terms, in order to compel them. to adopt our political institutions, or to punish them for preferring their own." This is the Governor's argument in plain English, if IT understand. it. 'Now; in'the first. place, let it be remem- bered that the Provinces preserved their attachment to British institutions , through the whole course of the Revolutionary. war, and the war of 181215,. in 'spite of :ei- déavors to coerce them by. arms; and by embargoes, and: non-intercourse | arrange- ments as stringent has they could be made. Tom Hood somewhere humorously. denies the :policy of knocking a man's eyes out, in order to convince his judgment or' seeure his 'affections. It: is scarcely needful to resort to exploded theories, which our own experience condemns. "It is true. that, during the ten yeas when the British. Americans . were working out that peaceful revolution by which they secured self-governmiént, some persons, doubting the magnanimity and wisdom of the mother country, looked. to annexation to the United States-as-the only practicable remedy for grievances. which all acknow- ledged to exist ; but this feeling' was 'con- fined to a very small number of persons, in all the Provinees--in some of them. it-hard- ly seemed toi prevail and rarely found ex pression. Yet--whatever may' have been felt or said in moments of despondency. or political excitement--when the, British goy- ernment generously came forward and con- ferred upon the-Provinces: constitutions as free as that of England, nobody thought of seeking for 'annexation as the remedy for grievances which no longer existed. Hay- ing by peaceful agitation,seeured all that was gained here by.,a bloody. revolution and eight years of civil war, there was nothing to check the natural flow of feeling ; and the British Americans are now as loyal to the mother country as. the reyolted Ameri- cans would. have been had _ self-government been conferred upon thein a week after. the first fight at Coneord. The British Ameri- caus now appoint all their own officers, faise their own revenues, and, manage their own affairs, yoting only what they deem necessaryras contribution to national de- fence. Their surplus revétiue is expended in making roads, building railroads and edu- eating the people... There, is, not, now, in any cf the,.Proyinces,. a single unsettled questign, to cause irritation with the patent Jand. Why. should a_ people, who have. been thus generously, treated, desire political separation fromthe British Islands and annexation to the United States ? " There is another teason for the change of feeling upon whieh the Governor of Maine remarks, that he entirely Oyerlooks. Are American institutions' as attractive to out- sidérs io W; ds they*wére teff'or fiventy years avo? "They who are inside must make the best of them,,andyimprove them as they gather wisdom and experience ; but those who are fortunately..exempt from the perils by» whieh its people are. besét, and the taxes by: which they are to be burthened; way well pause before deciding to accept more intimate political rdlations with this Re- public. ; "The British Americans, having con- stitutions modelled after that of the mother country, ate never at' a loss for precedent and guidance whenever difficulties arise. They have but;to open Hatsell or turn sto the Journais of Parliament, and the most intricate question is solved by the record. Then they have no Presidential election ; atid 'yet, escaping the quadrennial strife and intrigues by which this country.is. per- plexed from term' to terni, they have always a stroug Executive' and personal freedom controlled by only legal powers. They do not elect their judges, and have courts that are independent. and unsuspected. Their Executive officers.are bound to de fend their policy and their measures on the floor of Parliament, and the Colonists, as they are-calledj prefer that system to the one that preyails here. They have. no slaves, and have no occasion to face the difficulties: of Emancipation and. the re- sponsibilities. which havesshaken. this coun- try toits centre... Finally, they are at. peace. Is it to be supposed. then that, for-all. the advantages of the Reciprocity Treaty, they would accept a share of this war, with its conscription, its personal suffering, and its | t | Rovuma, we should have left an enduring }mark on the East coast 'of Africa; while pecuniary burthens ? When the war ends the United States will be saddled with a | giving the slightest credence to the protes- | tations of desires on the part of Portuguese statesmen for the civilization of Afr Tica ; for with half the labor and expense on the national debt, which, looking to their high | heré our footsteps have been dogged, and rate of interest, will not be much less than that of England. The British Americans pay no portion of the interest en the na- tional debt of the United Kingdom. Sure- ly if they do not go mad, they will not volunteer to pay a portion of that which is here incurred. " Tf, then, the Governor of Maine will review the matter calmly, he will perceive that the state of feeling in the British Pro- vinces underlies, very far down the Recip- rocity Treaty, and would not be very much changed by any act of fiscal folly or dip- lomatic injustice in the power of the Am- erican government to perpetrate. It is clear, therefore, that the Reciprotity Treaty ought to be discussed upon its own merits-- not as political, but an economic question. If politics enter imto the» diseussion, at all, Congress ought to take broad Continental views, and measure the duties of the present hour--not by its passions and_ prejudices, but by the great future, and by \the en- lightened 'principles of commercial freedom which form the most solid foundation for mutual respect and fraternity among na- tions. ie. "The British Americans oceupy and will control, a territory a8 large as the United. States... Starting in the race of improvement more than) half a century af- ter these States were populous and:wealthy ; shackled, for, three. fourths of that period, by. the old commercial, system, and. by, po- litieal institutions .which jchafed for a, long time after they were outgrown, these people have made a' noble country out of a wilder- ness, in spite of a rigorous climate. Their Provinces include all that any people can desire, to sustain national life and commer- cial activity.» Annually 'they extend their breadth of cultivation, discover new mines, build ships by hundreds, and) enlarge | the range of their commercial enterprises. Annually, their capital increases, and their cities improve. . They are ha' numerous now, and better off, than were Americans at the Revolution. _ They double evezy twenty years; and there will be twenty millions of inhabitants of those Provinces, before many who read these lines shall have ceased to breathe... These people are now among America's best: customers, and will ever continue. to be if they are. treated fairly ; if their, political obligations are honorably respected, and if it, be sought only to perpetuate friendly commercial 'and social intercourse, upon terms of mu- tual advantage and mutual respect.') The relations, of the United States; and the South are at present sufficiently unsettled ; he is no true friend to his country who de- sires to disturb the relations with the North. _ " Having, I trust, cleared. the consider- ation of this great subject. of much. extran- eous, and foreign matter calculated. to mis- lead the judgment, I am contented to Jeave the Treaty in the hands ofthe able states- men by whom it, will be calmly reyiewed at Washington, and whose. action, I doubt not, will be goyerned by a logical examin- ation of. the statistical returns, by which along its value can be determined."---Stid- NCY« Dr. Livingstone's Expedition. HIS, REPORTED MURDER IN AFRICA. It is reported that Dr. Livingstone, the African 'explorer, has beon murdered by the natives on Lake Nyassa. A' letter, pub' lished in the Hnglish papers, dated at the Cape. on the 21steof Deceniber, says | The doctor, after the receipt of the news' of his'-recall had 'started for Lake Nyassa, taking with him | five) Makololos, but no Europeans. Unfortunately, after ogaining the, Upper Shire, the boat--their only means of-conveyanee+-was lost overone of the-catus raets with which the river abounds, and they were compelled' to continue their journey on foot. It wis onthe 14th of July that the doctor commenced his unhappy journey' ; and from the'time of the ocedrredée men- tioned) ubove;vuntil the 5th of | November; nothing' more was heard 'of him.' On that' day the Governor | of Quillimane received a letter from the Governor of Senna, stating that the-doctor und his companion had' met their death "at tlie hands of the natives on? Lake Nyassa,' ! The same' correspoudent; however, adds: * Although the account of' 'the horrible tragedy bears all the impress of authenticity, I gladly seize upowa rumor which is current; to:the effect that the doctor, although badly wounded, is not yet dead. «From the ' tol- lowing extracts which [ call-from'a' letter written by him to his friend the Astronom- er Royal of the Cape, and dated the 4th of July, you will see in what spirit he received the news of his reeall : ; Our recall did not take me any way by surprise, forthe Portuguese slave-hunters of Tette andocQuillimane-had so completely aided a drought of one season, that the popu-: lation of this Shire Valley, among whom we had good prospect of 'success, is almost en- tirely destroyed. . «They, finished the: people and our work together; and had I believed thatthe scourge had been 'half as sweeping as L now find it tocbe, I should not have come up. Lam, of-course,:sorry to'see the failure. of 'ny' hopes, though through>ne fault of my own, andl deeply regret:ever: Le rae Q +3 | to Mexico, but not without it. | native emissaries employed to neutralize all | our efforts. The most b itter point of all is to see this line of coast, from Cape Dalgado to Delagoa Bay, left to those who were the first to begin the slave trade, and are de- termined to be the last to abandon it. Now that the church has. begun a mission, it cannot be abandoned, unless it is clear that Europeans cannot live; and as Portuguese, with all their terrible debaucheries survive, surely men with regular lives will live and become blessings. : * * * "The sight of the devasta- tion around me gave me a month of dysen- tery, and took away all energy as to carry- ing the Lady Nyassa across. All was ready, part of the road made, and 'a wagon-load on to start; but feeling that unless: some restriction. on! Portuguese, forays: on) our footsteps could be put on,.and some of the 'dog in the manger.' policy. on the rivers got over, it was useless for me to risk private. property to such an amount in the enter- prise. If we could haye stopped the enor- mous. slave trade of lake Nyassa. I would gladly have spent all the money T ever re- ceived." : The London Atheneum cites Sir Roder- ick Murchison as authority for doubting the report of Dr. Livingstone's) death. -- It says :-- 'to "We are, happy to.think there is reason for hoping. that. this news|was untrue--an opinion which is, supported bythe, great authority of Sir Roderick Murchison. .The facts, so far as they are known, may, be stated in a few words. Dr, Livingstone was about to embark for England, having fulfilled his African mission, and earned his share of rest. But, urged 'by his zeal for geographical discovery, he resolved before quitting Africa to pay a 'visit to Lake Nyassa, and to discover the! source of the Shirra ; for which purpose he started with a party of five Makololo men. Their land- ing on the coast' appears to' haye been op- posed by the natives, who are known to have an unfriendly, feeling towards the Makololo. In the attempt to land Dr. Livingstone is said to haye been wounded in the foot, and his companions to have been killed. A subsequent despatch spoke of a massacre of the whole party; but this is probably an exaggerated version of the first report." Mrs. 'Thom Thumb: is wo nathar: Mr. Thurlow' Weed writes to General Morgan that when the war terminates it will have cost the Federal States: four thousand | millions of dollars, three-fourths of which amount. will remain. as a national debt. This he. thinks will produee_a crisis equal if not greater than England ever encoun- tered, is Mpxico.--he Vierina correspondent, of the Times says | that, notwithstanding. the | assuranees of the French, papers, the Arch, duke Maximilian has not. yet, definitely .ac- | cepted the Mexican crown. If he ean. get a loan of £10,000,000_ sterling, he will go | In no case will he go to Paris before March. IMPROVEMENT. oF Stock in NorTH WELLIYGTON.--We sare glad to announce that, from the herd of Mr. George Miller, Markham, W. B. Telfer, Hsq., of Pilking- ton, has just selected two animals for use in this locality... One is bythe celebrated bull " Clarendon," whieh was sold for $3,200, and the other is 'sired' by that well-known bull the " Prince of Wales." --Hlora 'Obser- ver. A young man lately left the village of Brighton, C. W., to seek his fortune in (California, taking with him the sum 6f:$200 in gold. In» New York' he formed an ac- quaintance with a young man of exceeding- ly agreeable manners, who soon managed to substitute a bag¢ ntaining 200 copper cents for. that of. his victim. No. trace of; the thief' could be discovered, and the Canadian has returrid home a sadder if not a wiser mInan. ; ; a ' 173 A Goop Dxzp.--All men. shoula be proud of noble deeds and noble actions, and it is with pride we this day call the' atten- tion of ourreaders to the name of'a man who has done much to alléviaté the"suffer- ings of his fellow men. ) That man is the Rey. N. H. 'Downs, 'the originator of " Downs' © Vegetable' Balsamies Blixir." This Elixir, which, is composed of pure vegetable; extracts "and ; Balsams,{is:a_ sure cure for coughs andcolds., . John F. Henry & Co. Proprietors 303 St. Paul St. Mon- tres) Cat a fo. General Meade; while speaking lately «in Philadelphia, said '| As a. statistic, it/may not be uninteresting to know,. that 'since Mareh, 1861, when that army ". (Potomac) " Jeftiits lines-in_front.of Washington, not. less than. one hundred. thousand men have| been killed and wounded. Such a, record proved the valor of the troops." This piece of news may be interesting to General Meade, and the Washington Government; but we do not think such news will be gen- erally interesting to the country.' It is rather @ melancholy thought to; think that hundreds of thousands of lives are sactificed for naught, Criss elt 1 THe Paciric Rattway Worxy thd 1515 i of openly other day a copy, of Colenso's book, bog him it was most fortunate-for him that he had not committed himself by baptism, 'as' he 'would havé found himself in 'a fearful : The Belleville 'Intelligencer says that Mr. George O. Robbin of thet town has received a letter from his brother; dated Western Missouri, January 10, 1864, from which it makes the following extracts: "We got cheated out of our wages on the Pacific Railroad. I am now working on the Plat City Railroad in Missouri, at two dollars a day." . Large numbers of Canadians' were induced to leave their homes in order to work on this railway. We sincerely ho they were not cheated as Mr. Robbin ap- pears to have been. Tue Cuarges aGainst Bisnop Co- LENSO.--The charges upon which Bishop Colenso was tried by the Bishops of Cape Town, and which were considered proved, were as follows :--1. His disbilief in. the Atonement; 2, His belief in - justification without any knowledge of Christ; 3. His belief in) natal regeneration ;' 4. His disbe- iief in the endlesness of futare punishment ; 5, His, denial that the Holy Scriptures are the word of God; 6. His denial of the Holy Seriptures; 7.| His denial that the Bible is a true-history of the faets which it professes to describe ; 8. His denial of the divinity of our Blessed Lord; 9. His depraying, impugning, and bringing into disyepute the Book of Common Prayer. ath To Curt Toorn-acuz.--Use Henry's Vermont Liniment.. Saturate a; bit. of cot- ton and put it in the cavity of the decayed tooth: Ifthe cotton will not remain, take a teaspoonful of the Liniment in a little hot water, as warm as you can bearitin your mouth and hold it there against the oo as long as 'possible. ' lro dropped in the tooth, will give relief, -- first application may not always stop. the pain, but, repeated trials will certainly bring about. the. desire. end..;'The Liniment 'is good for pains of all: kinds... See advertisé- ment in another column: John F, Henry & Co, Proprietors, 303 St. Paul St. Mon- treal CE. ' ; Two or three drops, 1e New Coat Mryw i Nova Scortac= The Halifax. Citizen announces the dis- covery of a very valuable mine of Anthracite coal, situate within a short distance from, a convenient port of shipment, : time last' autumn, | Says the outerop of a seam of coal, which gives in- dications of being of much value, was dig- coveredat the head of Ship Harbour; in the Strait of Canso. cite, being, so far as we are aware; the only seam of that description of coal known! to existin, the Province. that persons who' examined it pronounce. it to be of excellent quality, and.think that, at . Some time our contemporary, This. coal is a fine anthra+ We are' informed a suitable depth for mining, it will be. found equal to the best Lehigh. The, deposit is on! y about three-quarters of a mile from de water, in one of the best harbors in, the country, and less than a mile from the ste 'of the Marine Railway now building there: We learn that the property is in the hands of an American Company. es A' Sap Seqven.--There is a melancholy seqnel to the lamentable case of fire in the township. o Howick, recently, when four persons perished in the flames. , its will be remembered that a. woman, the. mis- iress of the house, ;Was. rescued, thoagh somewhat burned. She has since died from the effects, Anothe poor woman, 'whose husband perishe in the fire, and who resided some miles distant, on hearizg of | end of her husband, became hope- lessly distracted. Surely the disaster | was altogether Jamentable. in tts,con- sequences.--Standard _ Coenso's Works tn Inpta.--A friend in India says thatsin Calcutta the Colenso controyersy,,is' raging, The, natives give away the)book, to any they suspect ofa ten dency to, Christianity, The friend of. young «man, who, had been. gradually; led, on by the Holy Spirit, and was-on: the poin: declaring himself, sent. Fo tke ne position, for Christianity had just been wp- set by a Bishop: Do not sueh things re-) ~ mind») us: of our! Lord's: words in' Luke' XVIL. 2 2. See, !these, "little ones,' justi struggling out of the darkness of heathenism,, Late back. by. the teaching, of a Christian ishop. ;.. Hearing. as\I.do from missionari in te voften feel very sad has aoe speak of their hearts being EA Foes d their hands hanging down, through having it cast in their teeth that." On Bis hops has proved the Bible false.""--Re-- ; ; TOlRs 76- Ol Biri cord." One of your own 1 fnoifnatia: tead oy ata Wty a Ch Ob MoOvciareast fo 4 Welcome--By,the Poet Laurlate T-PP-R., Twinkle, twinkle little Star, That's precisely what you are, : Star of England's*hopes, atid mine Destined on her throne to.shine;.., ||/- Pretty little royal boy Ae . Father's pride and mother's joy.) How L long to see;thee toddle {> And to kiss thy pinky noddle! ; whi: tt Rt t OTK Haply ifthy praisel sing, = Old England's siall 'but future King! 'Ra and ma willask medown od vy oiy To Frogmore, nigh.to Windsorjtown, Therefore, hail P dnspicions 'child? © "tae Who-upon our land has'smiled! And let thy parents read my rhymes " A hundred thousand million times! |... LS Pibacies Se eee ame te Try again, Poet re] Bauriate) >? ales L3H. i] 4 > do ie ; } :