WUD a awe | $2.00 per Annum VOL. 2, No. 21.] " All extremes are error, the opposite of error is not truth but error; truth lies between the extremes." in advance. STRATFORD, WEDNESDAY, MAY 25, 1864. [WHOLE No. 48 DOI OOO en Ann Gounty of Perth Herald. WEDNESDAY, MAY 25, 1864. When we say that the Globe is one of the most unscrupulous and untruthful journals published in Canada, we say but the truth. When it un- dertakes to destroy either the public or private character of a man, it stops at nothing. Day after day, and week after week, falsehood after falsehood is repeated with as much earnestness as if truth and justice were the weapons it was using. No man who dares oppose the selfish, narrow and biggoted views of the equally un- scrupulous and unprincipled man, who holds the position of Editor-in-Chief cf this organ, is free from its wicked attacks. For years the Globe has pursued a systematic course of perse- cution and misrepresentation towards Mr; O. R. Gowan, simply because he is an Irishman, and a man of ability andindependence. Mr. Gowan was the first man in Canada who took steps to put down the discontented spirits who produced the rebellion of 1837. Under his guidance, and through his energy the germ of the first Volunteer Association formed in Canada was laid.-- Throughout the whole of the rebellion he took an 'active part, and, on account of his talent and energy, and his good conduct, was promoted to the rank of Lieutant-Colonel; and his command, aga mark of public distinction, was, by a gene- ral order dated the 4th of December, 1838, call- ed the "The Queen's Royal Borderers" He it was who first wrote in favor of "responsible government." For a long time he was a worthy member of our Canadian Legislature, and held a powerful influence over the Orangemen of this Province. Mr. Gowan has done as much, if not more, for the benefit of Canada than any other single individual. Yet this Ishmaelite of the Globe has, for years, persecuted this man in order to drive him from public, yes, and private life. It is quite unnecessary for us to say what is the cause of all this persecution. Mr. Gowan is_a man of idependence and mind, and above all, he is not of the Globe stripe--these, to the Globe, are sufficient reasons why he should be hounded out of society. The Globe's persecution follow- ed Mr. Gowan into private life until he had ne alternative but to appeal to a jury of his coun- trymen to protect him. Mr. Galt, one of the most talented and energetic of our Canadian statesmen, more, perhaps, than any other pub- lic man, has suffered persecution at the hands of this unprincipled demagogue of the Globe. His every act has been misrepresented and traced, by that bad man, to some selfish or sinister motive. In the early part of the present month, the: Globe, referring to Mr. Galt's regulations re- garding the gold lands, solemnly and positively declared that they were framed for Mr. Galt's own special benefit, he having lately purchased certain of these lands. - It also boldly asserted that it was a sinister motive that induced Mr. Galt to abolish the Canal Tolls. Mr. Galt, said the Globe, is personally interested in the trans- portation of grain from the West, and, therefore, it is to serve his own private and personal inter- ests that his canal policy has been adopted !-- This is just the course pursued by the Globe on all occasions, and towards all men, who are not prepared to bow down and pay homage to the mythical greatness of Mr. George Brown. He never once thinks of discussing public questions on their own merits. That is no part of his policy. His object is to kill all men whose talents and worth place them above himself. In this case Mr. Galt decided to take the matter before a jury, the only possible way of obtaining redress. To correct or contradict the chief or- gan of Gritism is worse than useless. A man who will give publicity to a falsehood, knowing it to be such, has no intention of correcting it, and, therefore, to ask him to do so would merely 'cause him to iterate it in a more offensive form. Villains and cowards, however, tremble at the «thought of the rawhide or a jury of honest men. The common slanderer finding that Mr. Galt had commenced legal proceedings in order to vindicate his character, at once became alarmed, and; like any other villain, eonscious of. guilt, he cringes before the man he sought to stab and says he was wrong! Hear what the Globe says: "Now, there is no question as to the fact of " gold mining rights having been purchased to 'an immense extent over the whole gold-bear- * ing region by prominent public men, and that " the effect of Mr. Galt's regulations was great- "Vy to enhance the value of rights so acquired. " Mr. Galt has, however, assured us that he held "no interest whatever personally in any of these "purchases of gold mining rights, and that his "regulations would not have benefitted him to 'the slightest extent. We readily accept his " disclaimer, and acquit him of all personal mo- "tives in framing his regulations." _Now, why did the Globe charge Mr. Galt. in the first. place with having framed these gold régulations with a view to his own advantage. Did Mr. Brown not know that he was wilfully publishing what was devoid of truth! Cer- tainly he did; but he thought, as heretofore, Mr. Galt would let it ass, and that it would serve for a political hobby. What a pitty that a journal like the Globe, will not, on any occa- sion where his opponents are concerned, speak the 'ruth! It is to be hoped that Mr. Galt will proceed with the action in order that a thorough expose of the Globe's doings may be made. f New Zealand. For a long time a civil war has been going on in this British colony, which has cost the | Home Government an immense amount of money without, apparently, doing much good. Refer- ring to this subject, Mr. Mills, a member of the House of Commons, says ;-- "The subject is one of the 'greatest import- ance,as the expenses during the present year can not be less than £1,000,000. It.is not, however, on the ground of finance that I approach the subject, but because circumstances have arisen which I believe demand imperatively the inter- ference of Government. It does not appear to me to be necessary to review at any length the past policy of England in relation to New Zeal- and. 'he history of the period which had -elapsed from the date of the Treaty of Waitanga to 1852 was one of continual wranglings between all parties connected with New Zealand, and the details of those disputes had been furnished to the House over and over again. They ended in the granting of representative institutions, but from a share in those institutions the natives had been practically excluded. The Legislatare of New Zealand had fully availed themselves of the powers conferred upon them by passing three Acts, one of which had been well defined as an Act for the confiscation of 9,000,000 acres of native land on suspicion of treason, without af- fording the occupiers any opportunity of dis- proving the charge. Another of those Acts em- powered the Governor to suspend altogether the operations of the ordinary courts of law, and to detain in prison or other- wise punish all those who had committed treason or who were suspected of that offence, and to authorize their trial by regular or militia officers. The powers conferred by the Act were, I believe, almost unprecedented in the annals of legislation. I understand that all three of these Acts are at the present moment in oper- ation in New Zealand, and I believe, therefore, that the House will concur with me in the opinion that the question should be considered without delay." This course, instead of tending to remove the discontent rankling in the breasts of the natives of New Zealand, has served only to irritate them and make matters worse. The disaffection of the natives had its origin, it would appear, in the neglect of British officials to do their duty. In proof of this we quote Governor Gore Browne, who said :-- "Some of the most populous districts, such as Hokianga and Kaipara, have no magistrates resident among them; and many others, such as Taupo, the Ngatiruanui, Taranaki, and others, and the country round the East Oape, have never been visited by an officer of Government. The residents in these districts have never felt that they are the subjects of the Queen of Eng- land, and have little reason to think that the Government of the colony cares about their wel- fare," . Owing to this neglect the natives naturally concluded the British people took no interest in them and cared not what they did, and, there- fore, set about forming a Government after their own fashion. Accordingly they appointed a king or chief from among themselves to rule over them. And, although Great Britain has been in possession of New Zealand for over 25 years, no attempt had been made commensurate with its importance, to establish law and order through- out the native districts. And although a care- lessness, on the part of the British people, in this particular and important matter, appears to be manifest, yet the act of appointing a chief or king on the part of the natives in order that they might have one centre to which they could look for support and instruction, was charged upon them as an act of treason, and a treaty, for- merly made, guaranteeing to them certain lands, was atonce declared null and void and their lands were confiscated. The substance of the treaty thus declared void was as follows :-- " The Queen of England confirms and guaran- tees to the chiefs and tribes of New Zealand, and to the respective families and individuals there- of, the full, extensive, and undisturbed' pos- session of their lands, estates, forest, fisheries, and other properties which they may collectively and individually possess, so long as itis their wish and desire to retain the same in their pos- session." The making void of this treaty enraged the natives, and was, we 'believe the main cause of the protracted struggle now going on. Had the Government of Great Britain taken advantage of the native movement for the establishing ofa central authority and attempt- ed to gradually engraft their own system upon it, it would have been better than the course adopted. On this subject Sir W. Denison re- marks :-- '** You have now, as a fact, the establishment of something analogous to a general government among the Maories, a recognition, on their part, of the necessity of some paramount authority. This is a step inthe right direction; do not ig- nore it. Do not, onthe ground that some evil may possibly spring from it, make the natives suspicious of your motive by opposing it, but avail yourself of the opportunity to introduce some more of the elements of good government among them, Suggest to them the necessity of defining and limiting the power of the person who has been elected as the Chief or King (I should not quarrel with the name), of establish- ing some system of legislation, simple, of course, at first, but capable of being modified and im- proved; but do not attempt to introduce the complicated arrangements suited to a civilized and educated people ; recognize publicly and openly the Maories, not merely as individual subjects of the Queen, but asa race--a body whose interests you are bonnd to respect and promote ; and then give to that body the means of deciding what their interests are, and of sub- mitting them, in a proper form, for your con- sideration." ter course. Again the government showed a vacillation not calculated to inspire the natives either with confidence or fear, and which would tend to strengthen them in the opinion that they were right. internecine warfare was carried on and had not attempted to stop it. The Treaty of Waitangi pledged the Queen's faith and her honor to the natives of New Zealand, that all the rights and Regarding a certain block of land known as the Teira block conflicting acts had been passed, In the first place on the 5th of March, 1860, forcible possession was taken of this piece of land under the orders of Governor Gore Browne; and then on the 11th of June, 1863, Sir George Grey issued the following proclama- " Whereas an engagement for the purchase of a certain tract of land at the Waitara, common- ly known as Teira's block, was entered into by This, undoubtedly, would have been the bet-. the Government of New Zealand in the year 1859, but the said purchase has never been com- pleted; and whereas circumstances connected with the said purchase, unknown to the Govern- ment at the time of the sale of the said land, have lately transpired, which make it advisable that the said purchase should not be proceeded with ; now therefore the Governor, with the ad- vice and consent of the Execu'ive Council, doth hereby declare that the purchase of the said block of land is abandoned, and all claim to the Same on the part of the Government is hence- forth renounced." Thus in three years a policy which had been solemnly adopted was with equal solemnity cancelled. This is not a proper course to adopt when a half civilized but spirited people have to be dealt with. tiful island have not on all occasions been jairly dealt with in regard to their claims upon the soil, That lust for land and wealth, which has too often stamped the acts of Europeans in their dealings with native tribes of this new world acts of those who have had to deal with the Maoris. When the natives elected a chief or king to govern them, it was not only the lands | ¢ privileges of British subjects should be imparted to them, that they should be secured in the en- joyment of peace and good order, and that a settled form of Government should be established among them--not one of these stipulations were ever observed. The natives were not treated as fellow-subjects of the settlers, nor were they in any way represented in the Hou e of Assembly. Hence the cause of the king movement among the natives, which was construed into an act of rebellion. The real origin of the so called rebel- lion was Col. Browne's sending soldiers to en- force the sale of the land at Waitara, which we have already noticed, which was, in itself, an un- just act upon the natives, because it was after- wards discovered that the native chief, Wiremu Kingi, had a legal and real right to forbid the sale--which right Sir George Grey had to ac- knowledge in the proclamation already quoted. Tired of the internec ne war which was ruining their country, and seeing that no effort was being made by the Queen's representatives to establish a government among them, and also seeing that an attempt was being made to dispossess them of their lands, they decided upon choosing a king. Tamrhama, wrote Colonel Browné as follows :-- He describes the efforts he and others had made We fear the natives of this beay- | to put a stop to the chronic state of warfare be- tween the tribes. efforts had failed, "for" sid he, "the river of blood has not yet stopped. behaved bravely, so did I; but the flow of blood did not cease. and of other places, is manifest i to make it cease. ' Lee ee ee eAY of the might be made to diminish in the island." he went on to say that he consulted the Bible on On-this subject a native chief, Wiremu He went on tu state that his The Missionaries I therefore sought for some plan 1 considered how this blood And he subject, and thought that various texts in of those who were known to have had to do | the Pentateuch pointed out that thestrue remedy with this so called act of treason that were con- fiscated, but the whole lands occupied by any natives whatever in the whole northern island of New Zealand. Thus those who had not taken would be that they should set up a king over them. on that king's being set up the shedding of blood at once ceased. - And he told Colonel Browne that "What I say is," he ad- up arms were included with those who had, qed, "the blood of the Maories has ceased."-- with this slight difference, that those who could show they had not taken up arms would receive compensation for their lands if they could get it in courts established by the Colonial Authorities. The position of this land transaction is jnst this : A observed that Z possesses a valuable property. A had reason to believe that a third party M, would, at his own expense, take that property from Z, and give itto A. What could be more | t natural than that A should think that this was the most just, right, expedient, and politic thing that could possibly be done? one hand, there were the settlers, hungering and thirsting for land, and on the other side there were millions of acres of land: anda third par- ty appeared ou the scene in the shape of the mo- | t ther country, who probably could be cajoled and | & blinded into laying out a few millions of money, and risking the lives of a few thousand soldiers, | just cause for resistance. : impossibility of ever completely subduing the in order to effect a transfer. would. be considered as a causus belli. knew that it was being built to enable the Eng- On. the | lish to bring along " that strange cart, the car. of terror," as they called the gun-carriage, against them! here, then, was the act of treason in this? How could it be called a rebellion ? The renewal of the war last: year was caused by the massacre of an English escort by the natives, the Warkatos. massacre. military road through their territory, they for- bad this being done, and warned the English But was this realiy a The English commenced to build a hat if they persisted in going on with it; it They Of this the Government was ully warned--and yet they continued building he road--the result was a mnssacie® OF these Ngaged upon it. The natives held and stil! hold; and we believe correctly, that they had In orde: to show the It appears to be very doubtful, indeed, natives, and that they were to a great extent whether England ever acquired obsolute contro] | Justified in what they dia, we again quote from over the island of New Zealand. On this point we quote the remarks of Mr. Buxton during the debate on the motion askirg for all papers con- | © Mr. Buxton's speech. He says: " The natives took up arms under what they onceived to be great provocation. They looked cerning the civil war now going on in this island, ; Upon it as a defensive war, and he denied that He said :-- t "It must be remembered that our position as regards the natives of New Zealand was of a most peculiar kind. He was not one of those who thought very highly of rights conferred by conquest, but we had never conquered them. We had never, and we did not now, put forward any claim whatever to dominion derived from conquest, (Hear, hear.) We had no right l whatever over them except that which the Treaty of Waitangi conferred. But what, after all, was ' the nature of that agreement? | We-had to ob- tain the consent of the chiefs of the diff-rent tribes. Now, in the first place, it appears that they |had not the least idea that in agreeing to place New Zealand under the sceptre of the Queen, they were sacrificing or endangering their own national rights or independence. Then, too, the ridiculous way they were got to acquiesce in our proposals showed how absurd it would be to affect to regard the breach of the agreement on their side as being a flagrant crime, an act of treason, an act which could only be punished worthily by the confiscation of their land and the consequent extermination of their race. Moreover, this treaty was entered into more than 25 years ago, between the first Go- vernor of New Zealand and the chiefs of a cer- tain tribe. It was then hawked about the coun- try, and any chief who could be got to sign it was rewarded by the British Government with 4 blanket. The only treaty which that resembled was that made between a serjeant and a drunken recruit. Just as the serjeant gave him a shill- ing and made him a soldier, so we gave these poor chiefs a blanket each, and then we turned round upon the whole native race and said that these chiefs were bound, then, to submit with absolute obedience to our rule, and that if they resisted it they might be punished for that terri- ble breach of faith, for that crime of treason, by being driven from the lands which they and their fathers had kept. for ages. (Hear, hear.) This, however, vastly understated the case. He was willing to.admit that in receiving those blankets the chiefs did involve the tribes over which they had authority ina responsibility sur- rounded with such tremendous pains and penal- ties. But the tribes which occupied the greater part of that territory which it was proposed to confiscate, had never got them. They never signed the treaty. It was true that six old men in Waikato did take their, blankets, and did sign the agreement. (Hear, hear.) But the two principal chiefs of Waikato refused to sign, and the son of one of them, William Thomson, who took a very leading part in this war, put forward what Mr. Gorst?justly called this unanswerable argument--namely, that neither his father, nor himself, nor any of his people, ever agreed to this cession to the Queen. In reality, we had no | claim of any sort or kind upon which, with the faintest show of legality, we could accuse them of treason." © : , t 8 t t i i Mr. Buxton then went on to show that no part of this Treaty, if Treaty it was, had been ob- served by England. She had stood by while to 200 natives had been killed, protect. was the great prize in view, was surrounded by mountains with boundless forests and swamps and thickets of grass and fern affording one of that they would take heed. open to them to take the one or the other of two courses. They might treat the Maori as '¢q---- hey had conducted it with such cruelty as to justify us in inflicting upon them' a tremendous penalty And now as to the policy of that pro- posal, what was stated last November in the Legisla- Let him again remind the House of ive Council, and which has been already quoted by the hon. gentleman--namely, that the pre- ent war had cost 5,000,000., and only from 150 And yet Eng- and was coolly asked to drive all the natives of North New Zealand off their lands, and plant ettlers there instead, whom of course we musi Why, that plain of Waikato, which he best positionsin the world for a defensive guerilla war. A few day's labour was enough osupply the natives with potatoes and maize enough for a whole year, pumpkins and melons were inabundance, pigs abounded everywhere; n short, there was no reason whatever why native bands should not keep up for 100 years an incessant warfare against those who had seized their property, and fill th: land with murder and ruin. ings uttered by those who had themselyes lived Such were the solemn warn- n Waikato, and of those warnings he trusted In short it was »' who were to be plundered and killed off as soon as might be ; or they might endeavour to win them by good faith and justice ; they might treat them with scrupulous regard for their rights, with respect for their feelings, with a sense of their qualities. the right hon. gentleman the Secretary of State for the Colonies would be an advocate, as the Duke of Newcastle had been, of that wiser course, and he felt sure that not merely every statesman bat every gentleman in that House would give him cordial support in carrying out that policy. (Hear, hear.)" He felt no doubt that There is one thing very clear in all this troublesome affair--it is very difficult now to devise a means which will ensure peace. To talk of exterminating the whole native tribes of New Zealand, as some do, is not to of. The British people have been, in the begin- uing, remiss in their duty, and also failed to keep faith with the natives--it is, therefore, unfair to say the unfortunate natives are to suffer for all. Referring to the subject the London Evening be thought Mail says :-- "The colony governs itself, and governs the natives too. This right has been some time conceded to all our colonies, not with the best possible grace, and with some last feeble efforts to engraft our own peculiar institutions on the |rough colonial democracy. We have had to concede everything, and all that remains of the mother country in colonial legislation is the power, very rarely exercised, of withholding or qualifying the Imperial consent to colonial Acts. When this is the case, it is impossible we can do much to check an aggressive policy in. the colonial settlers. We must, too, assist them, protest. solved of its responsibility in these transactions, ' We cannot sit quietly at home till we hear they are excluded from the soil, turned out of their farms, shut up in the towns, reducedto starva- tign, and sent back to us to be themselves the bearers of their own miserable tidings. This wey cannot do.. So we help them. But we help them asa parent helps his children o- his friends. through their difficulties. taking the most fav- ourable and even indulgent construction of their' conduct, and holding himself not answerable for' what they do, but under obligation not to leave» them unaided, We satisfy our own consciences , With giviug advice and recording an occasional i The colony of New Zealand is not ab- Imperial. The British Flag does not cover them, nor does the blood of the British soldier wash away thestain. Itis the voice of Nature we are obeying in going to the rescue of our race, but tion. ligut.of their own conscience. It is not neces- sary that we should defend what we have not done, and what we cannot prevent, © the fault of the colonists. Even if the show an unseemly '" hunger and thirst" af possession of land, it must be considered that on cheic arrival at a very extensive, fertile, and beautiful country, they find themselves prevent- ed from settling by a few wandering families, ; bearing no kind of proportion to the soil, and advancing the most extravagant claims and the most im yracticable policy. Having been always, and beiag still, atiaternecine war one with ano- ther, having no political unity, no generally ace. knowledged Jaws, no appeals for questions ' criminal or civil, and no such thing as an undis- puted title to an estate, they present nothing tangible to deal with, and become an obstruc- tion. The utmost that can ever be done is to buy off one chief's alleg-d rights to the soil. On 'hat being done, another starts up, to be dis- posed of in, His turn, but only to give place to another.* Meanwhile immense plains lie uncultivated before our eyes. All at~ tempts to deal with the natives fail, not through wny fault introdaced by us, but through faults in the native race itself, inveterate and ineradi- cable. They are now banded for the purpose of driving us out of the island, and must be dealt with accordingly. War, however, introduces a uew footing. It leads to conquest or defeat. If we conquer we acquire a new right to the soil, which certainly we shall have paid for, if it be: true that the war has: cost the enormous sum mentioned. Our soldiers hold the ground they tter peses of war. The natives, though their mode' of warfare appears to be singularly proof against. such means as we can eniploy, j diminishing, and 'the whote Maori race uovs~ not equal the population of a wnird-rate: Knglish county town. Under these cir- cumstances it is vain to expect that they wilt ever attain that unity, that indepen- dence, that power of self-support and _ self- government which their advocates hope for. out in the lightand heat ofa higher civilization, Phe best thing they can dois to acknowledge the superior race, and to learnin service and dependence t'-ose regular habits and new facul- ties which they can never acquire otherwise. | The Maories are capable of making good' ser- isting circumstances ;-and it is simple cruelty to foster a false ambition which can only lead to _ their own destruction. ey cannot govern themselves. They cannot join us onequal terms _ as Citizens ofa political community. They have never yet acquired the idea of submission to one poor creatures do but accept the best terms in their power, and assist us to pasture and culti- whites and Maories must be maintained? Soon- er or later they must bow to their fate, and the only question is whether they who do this shall counted by hundreds. If anybody can suggest a better course than absolute submission, the British public would be glad to give it the most favourable attention ; but if nothing else is like-. ly to do good, it is cruel totell the Maori that, he can stay the progress of the white man over, the whole of his country." ~ rege, ER vig Sharp Work. nas iWig -- ; ae Major-General Meade, commanding the army the following important order :-- GENERAL ORDERS--NO, 23, Headquarters Army of the Potomac, | May 2, 1864.) ; > a @ notwithstanding the caution Contained j General Orders, No 22, of April 25, of service has expired. It will be made known to such men that their conduct being openly. mutiny, they will be punished with death, with- out trial, unless their return to duty on a similar plea will instantly be shot without auy form of trial whatever. The honour of the service and the necessities of the hour admit of no other dig-' position of such cases. ; "The Commanding-General again expressed spectfully ask for and cheerfully decision of the war department with respect to their term of office, but he has no further word of warning for those who, at a timelike the pres- ent, chose to defy authority. " $94 "Corps arid other independant commanders' are charged with the execution of this order. " By command of "es, Waut1ams, Assist.-Adjutaut-General, } pres duced by sleep, The crimes, if crimes there be, are colonial, not ° succour is not approbation, much less absola- * The colonists, who are their own masters, '| and resolved to be so, must stand or fall by the . 2 "We cannot set the whole trouble down to \ the eS eg Te A et re es det ew le Set a vecupy by the right of conquest, and for the pur- | are ra idly é They areafalling, expiring race, fast burning ' vants, though not popular as servants under ex- Pf] CBO a ew mee OU S wm | ea oe common law and authority. What can such ° vate the land, from the produee of which both ~ be fifty thousand or a miserable remnant hardly . f 4: » i of the Potomac, before the late battles, issued _ " The Commanding General hag learned thaty'\" = 1864, from. "4 . these headquarters,there are men in the army who! f refuse to do duty on the ground that their 'tesm 3; 5 the hope that the soldiers of this army will re- abide by the! > _ Major-General MEADE, sie A London surgeon recently puta dog to sleep « with chloroform, and taking out a piece of hig @ skull, has inserted a watch crystal, through which he can see the changes in the brain me, bas t : S Ws See SC ~ = 4 ' a Fi a 2 Q 2 4 fy ua % @ Yo rie '9 G % Fs