THE COUNTY OF PERTH I Bee ROL ee si i Fase aa mia area ti HERALD, STRATFORD, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 14, 1864. 5 » British North America. As that part of the American Continent, known as British North America, is undoubted- ly destined to become ere long a powerful na- tion--having the same form of government, we trust, which has aided in making the Mother Gountry what sheis, we deem it importart to lay 'before-our readers the following able and comprehensive article on this subject, from the Eainburgh Review. That part known as the Hnudson's Bay Territory is well described. We ask our readers, in order that they may know something of that vast Territory, rich in soil and mineral wealth, which lies to the North West of us, to give the article a careful perusal. "The unnatural contest raging between the United States has, not unreasonably,concentrated attention at the present time on that portion of American soil. For the moment, 'the Ameri- cans'. mean for us Federals and Confederates. For the moment, the vast map of North Ameri- ca is the map ef the United States, witha huge border of wilderness, 'Indian countries'--an- cient civilization reverting to still more pristine solitudes as in the forest-covered cities of Hon- duras and Yucatan, or solitudes but slowly em- erging into civilization, as throughout the Valley of the Ottawa and the Territories' of the Far West. The future fate of Washington's great Republic has become the American problem of the day ; and, vast as are the regions outside its boundaries, it is scarcely surprising that they should be less. regarded at present than the more exciting events happening within the Union. To some such cause we must attribute the slight attention which recent changes on its northern frontiers have received. There, we have founded two new Pacific colonies There, the land of the beaver aud the Blackfoot has be- come the land of gold and gold-miners. There, the transfer of the property and right of the Hudson's Bay Company toa new and more nu- nrerous body of shareholders, has increased the public importance of their future operations. These are interesting events. Seen in the lurid glare from the vast conflagration now raging throughout the Union--like one of its own prairie-fires--we can at once perceive their im- portance and the great responsibilities which they entail upon us. Nor, indeed, is the one element of interest which is now uppermost in our minds altogether wanting. At the present moment, our troops, and those of the United States, stand face to face en the island of San Juan to support. the claims of their respective Governments. These are, indeed, but miniature armies of occupation, -yet who can say of what forces they might prove the pioneers, if the set- tlement of this dispute be indefinitely protracted? The British Government has forborne to urge a settlement ofits claims on the Northern States during their hour of trial: and the Northern States are loud in their promises of a settlement hereafter. We shall see before we conclude that this is no idle controversy, and that it ought speedily to be brought to a definite issue. Great Britain is still by far the largest of Am- erican landowners. In temperate regions alone--or, atleast, in regions within the tem- perate zone--the British possessions consider- ably exceed the whole area of the United States. Events--in a great measure beyond control-- have hastened the occupation of large portions of these districts. It might, indeed, have been possible to-define more satisfactorily the precise powers and possessions which the progress of events was leaving to the Hudson's Bay Com- pany, But the discovery of gold within British territory, and the consequent peopling of our portion of the Pacific seaboard, are movements entirely beyond control. New communities-- wilderness to be subdued--neighbors whose ul- timate destiny has roused the solicitude of: the whole of the civilized world, now call on us to lay the foundation of a wise policy. Whether what we have already done, has been well done, it is at least necessary that we should clearly understand the nature of our acts and the posi- tion in which they now place us on the American continent. We propose therefore to pass under examina- tion the whole of the inhabitable portion of country to the north of the United States' divid- ing line, known as British North America; and to. inquire into the more pressing subjects with which it has of late become connected. A very rapid sketch, however, of the vast possessions of the Hudson's Bay Company, and the events which have now brought a large portion of them. under the more immediate control of the Crown, may prove no uninteresting introduction to our task. ' There is a colouring of romance,' Observes Mr. Gladstone, ' over the whole his- tory of this territory ; and although romance and law are not usually associated, yet I will venture to say that, turning from the wild life of these regions, and the pursuits of the people conneeted with the objects of the Company, to the legal points concerning its condition and status, there never was, presented for the exer- cise of human ingenuity and intelligence a more interesting or more curious set of questions than are involved in the consideration of this matter.' Few, indeed, were the projects which the im- petuous cousin of Charles II. brought to a suc- cessful issue. Yet among these is to be num- bered the origin of the Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay. While their first governor was blowing those glass bubbles in Spring Gardens, which 'have long amused children and puzzled philosophers,' the servants of the new Company were laying the foundations of a policy which was wisely to ex- ercise the most ample powers over the most en- ormous territories ever entrusted to an associ- ation of priyate individuals. 'Rupert's Land, according to the character of Charles II., was somewhat vaguely defined as 'all the lands and territories upon the countries, coasts, and confines of the seas, bays,lakes, rivers, creeks, and sounds, in whatever latitude they shall be, that lie within the entrance of the straits com- monly called Hudson's Straits.' .And.to the new proprietors of Rupert's Land was given-- even more vaguely---'the whole and entire trade and traffic to and from all havens, bays, creeks; rivers, lakes; and seas into which they shall find entrance or passage by water or land out of the territories, limits, and places afore- said.' Though the Company permitted more than a century to elapse without making any considerable incursions into these vast territories, yet, as we shall presently find, it needed no very forced interpretation to extend the powers given to them to the foot of the Rocky Mountains. From whatever cause, it was not until the close. of the last century that the Hudson's Bay. Company entered upon any -- practical assertion of their claim to the vast inland districts ; when, indeed, a rival company of great energy had already invaded them. The Northwest Company numbered amongst its shareholders the most influential and enterpris- ing merchants of the Canadas. It possessed no charter, enjoyed no royal privileges; but it found huge territories unoccupied, and it occu- - pied_ them. with wonderful rapidity, and with that somewhat more than ordinary esprit de corps which soon came to distinguish these two great trading associations. At the opening of the present century, this new rival Company had established 'Forts,' (or trading depots with the Indian bunters) throughout all the more remote districts. It had crossed the Rocky Mountains, and continued its forts down the Columbia, the Fraser, the Caledonia--and, more generally, throughout the whole district then called New Caledonia, but now known as the Colony of British Columbia. The Hudson's Bay understood their charter as applying to 'all lands watered by streams flow- ing into Hudson's Bay,' and it required no great ingenuity to trace those streams far within the fastnesses of the Rocky Mountains. Indeed, the whole of this huge country, from thence to the shores of the Atlantic, may be taken as one vast plain, uninterrupted by any considerable watershed. The great torrents which pour down the eastern flanks of the Rocky Moun- tains exhaust their early impetuosity ere they reach within 2,000 miles of the coast. Local de- pressions have led to that network of lakes, or, more properly, inland-seas, which, in their vast size and frequency, render peculiar this portion of the surface of the globe. Evapora- tion, however, throughout these regions is but slight ; and, immense as are these lakes, they are wholly unable to retain the great volumes of water which enter them. Hence they are found to be invariably furnished with outlets as large as the streams which supply them. These outlets either, in their turn, enter other lakes, or find their way as independent rivers to the more distant sea-coast. In this manner, the whole country presents a complete nctwork of water communication ; and there is probably no portion of it to which the Hudson's Bay voyageur cannot paddle his light canoe, with an occasional unpacking at the various ' portages,' or falls in the course of the streams. Thus, to select one from many instances, the Peace River rises on the western side of the Rocky Mountains --at no very considerable distance, indeed, from the shores of the Pacific. Thence it threads its way through the, valleys and passes of | this great chain, and at length issues from its eas- tern flanks, a broad and deep stream, through portals some 3,000 or 4,000 feet in perpendicular height--apparently gliding from the heart of the mountain mass which towers overhead. From this point, pursuing its course with tortu- ous winding, it joins Lake Athabasca. Lake Athabasca communicates with Lake Wollaston with Deer Lake. From. Deer Lake there is a complete network of water communication, by stream and lake, to the shores of Hudson's Bay. If the Charter placed its holders in possession of all lands watered by streams flowing into Hudson's Bay, it might be said to surrender to them the sources of the Peace River rising in New Caledonia--of the Saskatchewan, which might be traced from Oregon--of the River of the Mountains, which took its rise not far from the Russian possessions--of the Red River, which sprang from United States' confines--of the Churchill, which was fed by Polar snows-- of a thousand streams and watercourses: which permeated every portion of the 'Indian coun- tries.' But, on the other hand, still more peculiar features of the country supplied arguments to their already powerful rival. The whole of this great lake system is subject to considerable fluctuation. Controlled by no important or long-sustained fall of the huge expanse of wil- derness stretching 'from the foot of the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic and Polar Oceans, its waters, in their restless uncertainty, more nearly resemble the heavings of the great Deep itself. At one time,a lake discharges its out- pouriugs towards the east ; at another time, its redundant waters are found flowing toward the west. Now, Lake Athabasca supplies the Great Slave Lake: anon, it is itself' the re- cipient. In this manner, the great stréams which connect these reservoirs not infrequently change the direction of their currents. Now, the canoe of the explorer drops gently into the Lake of the Great Bear; his successor on the | same route, finds himself obliged to pull, and even to push with strong poles, againsta swift tide. Even the rivers independent of the lake system are not without their bewildering changes. Through the more level districts, it is difficult to say which way their deep sluggish waters are flowing. At fords, and shallower portions of their watercourses, springs, rising in the beds of the streams, may be found, con- tributing their currents both ways, atthe same time. Immense reservoirs of water, too, stored beneath the surface, sometimes burst up through the channels of these streams, and quite alter their courses. But the greatest vicissitudes are due to the seasons, And these are some- times grand and terrific in the extreme. Many of these great watercourses, in the more high latitudes, become frozen to the depth of several feet. With the opening' spring, their many tributaries, swollen with melted snows, and plunging madly down, the steeps of the Rocky Mountains, pour their foaming torrents into the main channel. Forsome time the struggle is immense. At length the solid ice -is rent asunder with the bellowing of thunder ; and, broken piecemeal, clashing, tumbling, jarring, in a boiling sea, it retires sullenly down stream until it accumulates in sufficient quantity to form an impregnable wall. Here mass is ele- yated on mass, until the solid barrier is raised to some fifty or sixty feet above the ordinary level of the stream. In the meantime, the waters spread rapidly over the surrounding country, converting it into a wide and deep sea, and sel- dom retiring until they have made considerable changes in the water communication of the dis- trict. ' These peculiar features of the country were not lost upon so pushing and energetic a body as the North-West Company. If the Chartered association could point to the great inland seas --the broad rivers which communicated with their bay, the new Company was not slow to discover equally great inland seas--equally broad rivers, which discharged their waters within the Arctic Circle. The possession of the vast North-Western districts was assumed to hang upon the results of geographical éxplor- ation, and its progress was watched by the shareholders and officers of these two great as- sociations with the keenest scrutiny. | What lakes really did communicate with each other-- whence the main streams derived their sources --and whether they ultimately found their way to the Atlantic seaboard, or discharged them- selves into the Arctic Ocean, became invested with a curious importance. The possession of vast.bunting fields was assumed to depend on the course of a stream, the oxtlet of a lake, even the breaking up of a hard frost. The whole of these immense regions, even far within the Arc- tic Circle, were explored with a persistence and devotion to the service of each Company, which their dreary landscape, the fluctuating charac- ter of drainage, and the embarrassing nature of the proofs presented, might hardly seem to warrant. Indeed, for several years, the course of geographical inquiry had no more ardent en- thusiasts than the two great Firms whose chief business layin peltries and blankets. Mr. Hearne, an officer of the Hudson's Bay Company, had, in 1771, followed down the Coppermine River to its mouth on the /rctic Ocean; and, indeed, was the first explorer to prove the exis- tence ofan ocean boundary to the north of the American continent. His papers and charts, however, were witheld, for nearly twenty years from publication. Suring the interval Sir Alexander McKenzie, an officer of the great rival Company, selecting the largest outlet from Slave Lake, descended to the same shores by the river which now bears his name, | Beyond the Rocky Mountains, too, rival explorers trated the western streams to their mouths on the Pacific. Mr. Fraser, an officer of the North- West Company, followed down the stream which, in after years, the first discovery of gold in British Columbia brought into such notoriety ; and the Simpson derives its name from a late governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. | It would have been well if the rival zeal of these two great Gompanies had always gone hand in. hand with the cause ..of geographical discovery. But, unfor- tunately, the arguments of the compass and the chart were often abandoned for the rifle and the tomahawk. The Indian, too, was found to be a weapon even more murderous and unerring than either, and not unfrequently his cupidity ws aroused, and his brain set on fire, when ex- clusive possession of some trading district was to be gained, or some rival fort to be extermin- ated. These unhappy years of strife were at length brought to a close, in 1821, by the union of these two great Companies. And a rapid glance at the terms of this union may, perhaps, more' fully prepare us for the main 'subject of our inquiry. The North-West Company merged into the Hudson's Bay Company. © The servants, pro- perty, and forts of the two associations became henceforth the servants, property, and forts of the older association, and the stockholders of the North-West Company became stockholders of the Hudsou's Bay Company. The Charter of Charles II.--whatever be the powers and privi- leges which it conferred--was the only legal recognition which the Hudson's Bay Com- pany had hitherto possessed. |The North-West Company possessed no recognized territorial powers whatever. But the forts of the two united companies now stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the disputed Oregon to the extreme limits of Arctic explor- ations: The Hudson's Bay Company, under its new. formation, now obtained its first Parlia- mentary recognition. There were many reasons why neither Parliament nor the Company should be anxious to inquire into the rights and privileges conferred by the original Charter. Successive law officers of the Crown have re- ported in its favor, and no steps have been taken to subject it to a severer trial. Doubts, indeed, have frequently been expressed : it was doubtful whether Charles had power to alienate territorial rights without the sanction of his Parliament: it was doubtful whether Charles or his Parlia- ment had any territorial rights to alienate over the regions in question. There were many other points which it was not difficult to raise, But against them all might be urged that the Com- pany had exercised those rights and _ privileges for nearly two centuries, and that their wise and most successful policy. was interrupted only when they ceased to enjoy a monopoly. No in- terpretation, therefore, was attempted to be put. upon the Charter, and i' was tacitly left in the possession of the Company, for whatever it might be found worth, The Company of course limited their pretentions under it to all lands watered by Hudson's Bay streams; but, even on this interpretation, there were still the whole of the 'Indian Countries' to the shores of the Pacific--apportioned into trading districts, and now occupied by their forts.. These districts were now secured to the Company from intru- sion by an exclusive License to Trade for twenty- one years. to rule supreme over the country from Hudson's Bay to the shores of the Pacific--being made up of its chartered territories and Indian countries, without any declared line of demarcation. This License was renewed in 1838, fora like-period. Hitherto, efforts to colonize Vancouver Island had been ineffectual. Its distance by sea was immense ;. while none but the bardiest servants of the great Fur Companies--and these, not al- ways with safety--had attempted the overland route across the continent. Nor indeed did it hold out to the English emigrant any attraction to counterbalance that of the much nearer At- lantic settlements.. It was reported to be not destitute of pastoral, and even agricultural lands ; but it was overrun by furred animals, and the aboriginal tribes. were not friendly. Without some preparation for their reception, there seemed little probability of settlers select- ing its shores. Such a reception the Hudson's Bay Company professed themselves willing to make, if placed in possession of theisland; and, accordingly, in 1848, they received a parliamen- tary grant of it--subject to the condition of suc- cessful colonisation. Thus the Company came to hold their vast Possessions by three distinct tenures. These Possessions were, (1) their chartered Territory, held by royal grant; (2) the Indian Countries, held by License for exclusive trade; (3) Yan- couver's lsland held by Parliamentary grant. Vast, however, as were these territorial domains, the claims of the Company were by no means limited to them. To the north, they had rented that strip of Russian America which extends from Fort Simpson to Cross Sound. To the south, their forts were distributed over a very large portion of Oregon, and along the banks of the Columbia--that stream, pending the Inter- national Boundary Settlement of 1846, being .re- garded as the dividing line between British and United States territories. The Company, too, maintained large herds of cattle in Oregon, and had broughta considerable portion of its soil under cultivation; and, encouraged by the markets opening throughout the South Sea Is- lands for their grain, cattle, and timber, had e¢s- tablished a small offshoot there, known as the Puget Sound Company. Indeed, we may here mention that, from these operations within the Oregon territory, the Company have always considered themselves as entitled to large pos- sessory rights within that neutral ground; on its annexation to the United States in 1846, they suffered no disturbance; and a Convention has been ratified within | the last three months by the British and. Ameri- can Governments to determine. what are the just claims of the Company in Oregon, Simil- arly on the Atlantic coast, the Company had established forts throughout a great portion of Labrador. And, on the Canadian frontier-- never precisely defined--they claimed all lands watered by Hudson's Bay streams. Thus, at the close, of the first half century, the Company ruled supreme from the Pacific to the Attlantic-- from the United States to the extreme Polar limits. Nor {did sound policy appear'to point to any nearinterruption to their reign. United In this manner, the Company came States settlements bad room, for many years to come, to extend itself over the regions of the Far West; while, more northward, the inhos- piteble character of the sources of the Missouri had diverted its tide. The Canadian settler saw before him million: of unoccupied acres throughout the Valley of the Uttawa and the shores of the Great Lakes; nor did the slow, and, at times, deplorable course of the Red River settlement hold out any inducement to him to attempt more mland and isolated occupation. Settlement along the shores of the Pacific was slow in the extreme, up to the great discoveries there, a few monastic. farmers and fur trapers were all that could be induced to_ visit its shores. . What nobody seemed to wart, the Company was turning to most useful and bene- volent uses. Thrice it had trebled its capital, and, for more than a century, had continued to pay over to its shareholders ' profits on the ori- ginally subscribed capital stock, actually paid up, of between 60 and 70 per cent per annum, To be Continued. Death of the Gallant Confeder- ate General Stuart. From a long obituary of Stuart, in the Rich- mand Examiner, we clip as follows: No incident of mortality, since the fall of the great Jackson, has occasioned more painful regret than this. Major-Gen. J. E. B, Stuart, -the model of Virgin- ian Cavaliers: and dashing chieftain, whose name was a terror to the enemy, and familiar as a household word in two continents, is dead, struck down by a bullet from the dastardly foe, and the whole Confederacy, mourns him. He breathed out his gallant spirit resign dly, and in the full possession of all his ramarkable facul- ties of mind and body, at 22 minntes to 8.0'clock; Thursday night, at the residence of Dr. Brewer, a relative, on Green street, in the presence of Drs. Brewer, Garnett, Gibson, and Fontaine, of the General's Staff, Rev. Messrs. Peterkin and Kepple, and a circle of sorrow-striken com- rades and friends. by We learn from the Physicians in attendance upon the General that his condition during the day was very changeable, with occasional de- liriums and other unmistakeable symptoms of speedy dissolution.. In the moments ot delirium the General's mind wandered, and like the im- mortal Jackson, [whose spirit we trust his has joined], in the lapse of his reason, his faculties were busy with the details of his command. He reviewed in broken. sentences. all -his glorious campaigns in McClellan's rear on the Peninsula, -beyond the Potomac, and upon the Rapidan, quoting from his orders, and issuing new ones to his couriers, with a last injunction to 'make haste." P About noon, Thursday, President Davis visited his bedside, and spent some fifteen minutes in the dying chamber of. his favorite chieftain. .. The President, taking his hand, said, '" General, how do you feel?" He replied " Easy, but will- ing to die, if God and my country think I have fulfilled my destiny and done my duty." As evening approached, the General's delirium in- creased, and his mind again wandered to the battlefields over which he had fought, then off to wife and children, then off again to the front. A telegraphic message was sent to his wife, who was in the country, with the injunction to make haste, as the General was dangerously wounded. Some thoughtless or unauthorized person, think- ing probably to spare his wife pain, altered the despatch to "slightly wounded," and it was thus she received it, and did not make that haste which she otherwise would have done to reach his side. > As evening wore on the paroxisms of pain in- creased, and mortification set in rapidly. Though suffering the greatest agony at times, the General was calm and applied to the wound with his own hand the ice intended to relieve the pain. During the evening he asked Dr. Brewer how long he thought he could live, and whether it were possible for him to survive through the night. The doctor, knowing that he did not desire to be buoyed by false hopes, told him frankly that death--the last enemy-- was rapidly approaching. The General nodded, and said, '"'I am resigned if it be God's will; but I would like to live to see my wife. But God's will be done." Several times he roused up andasked if she had come. To the doctor who sat holding his wrist and counting the fleeting, weakening pulse he re- marked, 'Doctor, I suppose I am going fast now. It will soon' be over. But God's will be done. I hope I have fulfilled my duty to my country andmy duty to my God." At 7} it was evident to the physician that death was setting its clammy seal upon the brave, open brow of the General, and he told him so--asked him if he had any. last message to give. The General, with mind perfectly clear and possessed, then made disposition of his staff and personal effects. To Mrs. Gen. R, E. Lee, he directed that the golden spurs be given as a dying memento of his love and esteem for her husband. © To his staff officers he gave his horses. So particular was he in small things, even in the dying hour, that he emphatically exhibited and illustrated the ruling passion strong in death. «Toone of his staff, who was a heavy built man, he said, "You had better take the larger horse; he will carry you better." Other mementoes he disposed of in asimilarmanner. To his young son he left his glorious sword. His worldly matters closed, the eternal inter- ests of his soul engagéd his mind. Turning to the Rev. Mr. Peterkin, of the Episcopal Church, and of which he was an exemplary member, he asked him to sing the hymn commencing, " Rock of ages, cleft for me, Let me hide myself in thee." he joined in with all the voice that his strength would permit. He then joined in prayer with the Ministers. To the doctor he again said, 'I am going fast now ; I am resigned, God's will be done." Thus died Gen. J. E. B. Stuart. The Strength of the Confederate Armies. [From the Baltimore Correspondence of the New York World.) j When two months ago, I-sent to you a state- ment of the organization and strength of the rebel armies, I was careful to. avoid exaggera- tion, and only gave numbers that. I was sure did notexceed the truth, It is no longer possible to doubt, however, that the figures therein given were far below the reality. This was proved by the defeat of Banks in Louisiana, and by the number of troops that have been sent from vari- ous points since the beginning of, the present month to reinforce General Lee. The authority to which I allude above, compared together and sifted, and rejecting all the testimony that is not credible, gives the following as 'the actual present strength of the rebel forces : ; Under General Lee's immediate orders,on the river Po, including Longstreet's corps, but excluding any recent rein- forcements... e700. goat or ire woyorercrear aaah 115,000 Under General Beauregard's orders, at Richmond and recently engaged against Butlers esis. oe. soos nae sos Imboden's cavalry Recently under Breckinridge and Ee- 50,000 5,000 bdlaw-sstartye 6. oid Cb £0. T20,000 At Wilmington and Petersburg, and be- «tween those two points............. 25,000 Under General Johnston, at Dalton, be- fore he left that point...,....... . +. 80,000 At Charleston 'and Savannah, since , Reaurégardlefts vid ie PSE. 20.000 At Mobildeads Win, gaits: PROBL .. 5,000" In Arkansas and Missouri, under Kirby Smith, Price and Holmes..........6.. 15,000 On the Red river, in Louisiana, and in TOXAS ics Ses ees see ae .. 25,000 --_-- Total so nip scp od» aotndiean BAD,QDMY The same authority agrees that the recent changes in position have been has follows:: That the troops under Breckinridge and Echols, proceeded to join Lee immediately after the de- feat of Sigel, leaving Imbuden's cavalry to watch the movements of Sigel or his successor... That between the time of the evacuation of Dalton: and the time that. General. Sherman, entered: Rome and Kingston, General Johnsten had sent from 20,000.to 30,000 of his troops: to Virginia to reinforse Lee... And that immediately after the repulse and retreat of Butler on the 16th; General Beauregard sent from 15,000 to 20,000 troops from Richmond.to the South Anna river, to be ready to reinforce Lee if he should need them. If these statements are correct, it would give General Lee 175,000 troops with which to. manoeuvre against Gen. Grant. Bishop Lynch on the American War. From the columns of the Scottish American, published in New York, we learn 'that' Bishop Lynch, the Roman Catholic Bishop of the Dio- cese of Toronto, has addressed an appeal to his episcopal brethren in Ireland in opposition 'to the stream of emigration which is now flowing from that country to the United States, The. appeal is published, approvingly in the Dublin~ Freeman, of the 19th of May, but not having, a, copy of that paper we are, of course, unable to' get the precise words of his Lordship: From a. few sentences of the analysis made by the Free-. man and published. in the Scottish American, ; however, we gain some idea of the nature of the Bishop's letter, .He proclaims in every parish of his native country-- © . America, and fancies himself ina land. of pro-.| mise ; but he awakens from his day-dream 'to find that-he must seek food by facing the serried armies of the South, while the mass of the young girls who arrive with the same fond hopes of perpetual sunshine, find themselves driven to seek employment in the very places they ought to shun as pest-houses, and before many years are so altered in their nature that such places -alone are fitting for them." Again-- f "The young men," says the right reverend prelate, "are swept into' the army and. navy, the young women into hotels, and, low. class houses-- the most menial offices are allocated ° by common consent to the Irish emigrants | who past from the landing. stages like a torrent of rain into the sewers of society." subjecton which he has taken occasion to ad- peal has not had much effect, however. The bone and sinew of the " Green Isle" are leav- ing for the Federal States with a rapidity and to an extent that challenges the attention of the world. It is a matter of regret that the infatu- ated people of Ireland should be led into "the aelstrom of carnage and death which is swal- lowing up so many lives in the neighboring States, and thereby help to lengthen out the struggle, but we would fain hope that Bishop Lynch's letter will have some effect among his countrymen,--Leader The Income of the Prince of Wales, (From the London Daily News, May 20.) It is impossible to read of the Prince of Wales presiding over the festival of the Literary Fund without thinking of the valuable services of a similar kind which his father so frequently ren- dered, and wishing for him many like opportu-° nities of attaching himself to the various inter- esis of the public whom he will one day be called|to govern... The duties which the Prince discharges are. those ¥o which public opinion universally iesgnated Qn when 'a great cala-" mity cast its shadow over the nation. The posi tion of the Prince is, however, not in all respects that which the nation then anticipated for him. It was impossible at that time to forsee that, after a lapse of two and a half years, the Prince, would be called to discharge, in addition to the duties which naturally devolve on the nearest male relative of a female sovereign, which it has become customery to speak of as the representative duties of royalty. In this respect the situation of the Prince is somewhat peculiar. It may be hoped that the division of the duties of royalty which is now forced' on public notice will not be permanent, although the reasons assigned for it are such as may be of indefinite duration. Should it, however, be much protracted, itis hardly possible to forsee how a reconsideration of the settlement made for the Prince of Wales can.long be avoided. It is notorious that the pecuniary arrangements made when the Prince came of age were not made in contemplation of such a position as that which he now. occupies. Duties have been im- posed on him which prescribe observances that press upon his actual income, and a foreknow- ledge of which, had it been possible, would' pro- bablyhaye led toa different investment of the accumulations of which he came into possession two years ago. -The time has not yet come for the public consideration of this subject, and we wouid fain hope that the necessity for entertain- ing it may in some way be averted. The pecu- niary affairs of the royal family have hitherto been administered with cousummate wisdom the best proof of which is that the world had heard scarcely anything of them." Still, as the public was a party to the settlement made for the Prince, it is concerned in whatever affects its sufficiency, ype Bis Une { Strawberries sell at a dol ara quart ie Washe ington. - f t aevienets ta The Bible has been translated into 250° lan- guages, i : The revenue from the Cincha Islands is about $18,000,000 perangum. 4 am | The Federal Debt is increasing at the rate of $3,000,000. day ! including unliquidated items it already amounts to nearly $2, 000,000,000 11 " That the uninstructed emigrant lands in» / These extracts are 'sufficient to show that'. Bishop Lynch has taken a correct view of the' dress his brethern' in Ireland. We fear his ap-~- i. ig SN PRS <i