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, ‘ The Charlestonn 3162'ch of the 10th has 4 the following :1 ‘ . ,, _ The ixiankee prisoners are all safely in jail, \ where they will abide the issue of the trial of our brave privateeratnen at the North. Should one drop of Southern blood be shed by the Northern court for defending the South on the ,7; beats, it will be paid with interest in Charles- ‘ tong: Self-protection',,antl the enforcement of the laws of nations and humanity alike re- quire in this instance full and ample'rctalia- . non, ' " :Thc Bermuda has again run the blockade .1 'at’ Savannah, and this time with a cargo "finally valuable with that she l are before.â€" Shetakes 2000 bales of cotton for Liverpool. The Federalism have been anticipated in the " work ofofeuing a cotton port. . p Q GALLIPOLIS, Ohio, Nov. 11. (Gyandotte, Va., on the Ohio River, thirty- , six miles below here, was attacked last night by 600 Confederates, and out of 150 Federal .â€" troops stationed there only about 50 escaped ; Atherest were killed and taken prisoners. ‘ The Confederates, both male and female, fired from-the houses on our men. _. ; . FORT Moreno, Nov. 15-. . Aspecial dispatch to the Tribune‘says:â€"- 3135011 and Slidell were aboard a British steamer. W'ilkes sent aboard and demanded their surrender. The reply was, “There is not force enough to take them.” Wilkes sent an additional force and put the San Jacinto in a convenient position. Slidell and Mason were surrounded. The English steamer took them ; on hearthâ€"not knowing who they were, or their business or destination. Captain Wilkes, it is _._tmderstood, acted upon his own responsibility. “General Wool granted Slidelland Mason per .ll'tission to send open le ters to their friends. \VAsnIXGTcx, Nov. 15. v A large force of South Carolina HOOPS was gathering at Port Royal Ferry, variously esti- mted at from 3,000 to 10,000. “v vâ€"â€"-- acILa n at Manassas and confined in the jail at yhmamt, had been selected by lot to he 11003, by way of retaliation for the hanging of Captain. Baker and crew of the privateer, Sa- Yauxmh. The Hon. M L1,, M. C., drew lots for Mr. Corcmah, who is now in 1th'ispn at Char! 6510!}. In case the court atl\ ew York condeInad the crew of the Savannah to death, the federal officerslwili be immediatel) The American Civil War 2 -.Cal.-__Corcoran, three captains, and eighteen lit‘menants. all of whorp we[e_cap'.ured in the The St. Louis Republican, of Wednesday 'last‘prililisheS‘a complete list of the killed and wounded on the Federal side, in the bat- tle of Belmont, and ‘also a list of the prisoners at Columbus, with a correspondence between the FedEraI and Confederate authorities in relation to an exchange. The list was obtain- .ed from official sources, and occupied nearly .two columns of space. From this statement, .it appears that the total loss on the Federal aide in killed, wounded, missing and prison- Zing-was 717;’of whom '93 wen; killéd, 278 «rounded, 306 missing, and 1-12 taken prison- _ The Times despatch says that the volun- teer service now numbers 180, 000 men, leav- ing but, 20,000 more to be enhswd to reach the number auxhorized b) Congress. ‘ NEW 1011K, NOV. 18. The Richmond Inquzre-r of the 13111 «111 es the 1: 311195 of thirteen hostarres to await the wk of the trial of the privateers at the £01111. They are :â€"â€"CoIs.Co1coran, Lee, Covgswell, Wilcox, W oodrmf and NefT; Majors. Potter, Rare: 0, and Rodgms , Capâ€" tai11s,Rook\\ood, Bonman, and Keifi‘ws. The rargo of the s' earner mi 1 to have 111111 ed at Sav Linmah, consisted ten rifled cannon. ‘38 ,000 stand ofmms, and a we” assorted cargo of medicines. clothing, blankets he vessel cost £38, 000, and is rerr steered as unsurpass- 'ed 11ispee1l. Her commander is, J. D. Bul- lock, formerly of U. S. navy. NEW YORK. Nov. 17. The Times’ special states that the govern- ment is considering the question of the re- sumption of commerce with the Southern ports as they siiail fall into our hands. No permits or license to trade have been issued. The Herald’s Washington special states that the President and Cabinet are quite elat- ed over the arrest of Slide” and Mason. The proposition now is, “England demands satis- faction, to disavow the act, assert that Wilkes made the arrest on his own responsibility, ap010gise ifnecessary, t mi promote Wilkes to an Admiralship. mThe information furnished upon the subject 3 is characteristically indefinite. We gatherd however, that the Confederate ministers to l Erance and England had passed from Cuba,i where they had landed from Charleston, to: Kannada, with the View of taking passage in ; British steamer for England. Commodore g Wilkes. of the F :deral service, commanding ; a vessel of war, demanded their surrender, l and was met by the British captain with a dec- ; laration that “there was not force enough toy take them.” Another American vessel wasl t taipl-taeed in position, and under the threati 0 American guns the captain of the unarmed Banish yessel'delivered up his passengers, at thbgmm time protesting against the course of tMMerican otiieer. And Messrs. Mason I and Slidell are now prisoners in the hands of, the Federal authorities. It is admitted that] the parties proceeded on board the British? flame: as; ordtlaryl pasaengers, in‘ reliance 1 upon the invrolabili'y of the British flag; and i ,trtoy’wenireboiiedin good faith by the cap- 1' Mmmnding. Accepting the statements I whkheome to as from Northern sources,there 13 not room for any suspicion of collusion be- .twgpn the_Southern;ministers, as passengers; The arrest of Messrs. Slidell and Mason, under the circumstances recited in the tele- graph dispatches, is in many respects the most important incident of the war. OUTRAGE UPOI‘.T THE BRITISH FLAG. Th9 fiction of the American Commodore, ’ WOUIU, n0 (IUUUI, LLdVU Lmural lbgdlfueu as 3‘“ lhdgeansfitntes,1he.most ofl'ensive outmgg admirable lexyfor {slashing Clear Grit arti- 'Wmtgéog?%n haslgglietl to perm-$019 under some such caption as “Mfinicipal tmnpmt.., .3119 83- essrs.Masoni .. H "a," tf ‘rt‘h .’ - Y -. . and.â€"-.;S.|.is1ez.ll WY- be seized tin-board of agSgoundnhsm, bu or '8 County-Engineer". Br“ 31 68111.9!) and carried off prison 3 rs,the~y 1 recent allianceâ€"Wit? the Gi‘itpoflgfiemcy. align m.pqual.pwpriety immabeen seized 3» Wt? 113?}? taken some pains in Order to as~ £10m {heirzéstay 111‘ Bermuda. In: regard tdgcerlaia whether such avg-sum 'aé that‘mefilidhi ‘hqgmmhufl-agfij‘h.” Yankee mmdom~h§3 {ed by the Times is chimedg'and fig éré "L no .uncayhuohhe- does notpossess on! . ,‘A 5., ; . ' ,- : ' "a5 1 . ' di‘m‘fap‘f‘h’a‘ 1b., did BM make any ihgu-reglutvaai that Ebert; {9 no. t:‘1_fi~1.-:..‘V§1§1QY3; m: 31“ng aim anestjnBefmudaja equiv-pi Ihfs .statement. “’6 have angalue‘imfl-Xhe flmtaummmn “1%.! he had-.110 lawful agfim'gmal contrgc: 3‘79?qu fig? Re‘rggrgmncg 05.2;- t y. ' .amhho ofieers of the British steamer.- They wen'e secure undet the protection of Uuian Jacket! land; the remained under the same pmiop [hen they transferred themselves [From the Leader. RICHMOND, Nov. 11.- thority inthe premises. Avowedly, he wart- 3 e11 until Messrs. Mason and Slidell had sail- ed, and then, sustained b3 an overpowering naval force, he exacted their surrender under protest. As the case stands, there is nota feat tire to modify its offensifiness. It is a wanton, u11provqked,ariduttérl3' indefensiblel msult to the British flag”. . The proceeding is rendered worse ythe tone which the. Americans have uniformly maintained 1n relation to the right of search. They have held that the flag of acountry is an inviolable shelter to the persons who sail beneath it; and they w 11: t to war with Britain rather thaxi submit to the right which our gov ernment claimed ot tal: 111:: British sailors from American ships. They [called everything r1ther tnan 1LL11o‘xle1lne foreign authority in American re<sels' , and, tar iti3', their posrtion has teen acquiesced 1n. Now, however. they venture to do 13 hat they treated as a cause of 1.1 er wl: ~en: lone by another power. They have _as=erted then r1ght to search British vessels, and to take from them‘ parties whose whole offence is political in its character.- Clearly; if such an not be tolerated in this instance, it maybe multiplied indefinite‘l3, and the proud boast of England. that her flag guards all be- lneath it, will be heard no more. Ifan American man-ofu'varjmay coerce a British vessel in the channel ofi'the Bahamas. American officers may stop and. search the Cu’nartlcrs, the Canadian steamers, or any oth- er British steamer, when and where they. please. If they may outrage the British fly1 at sea, they may defy it on land, and they may «lrag from Canada the refugees who are here here seeking shelter from Ietleral des- potism. 'Ihe pretension cannot, will not, be tolerated. Andthis arrest of Messrs. \lason ‘and Slirlcll ml] probably bring the question to an issue. It ts not the fi-s t attempt which lthe Northerners have madesince the com- ‘mencement ot the war to do as they will to- 'ward British authority. The incursion of arm- ed ruffians int: Essex, to capture British sub- jects a ho had left the Federal army, was a E sample of \1 hat we mig ‘1t expect if Mr. Sew- arrl’s agants were permittel to tamper with ithe loyalty of our peep ‘;e ht. t that occurrence l though gross. was trivr al comptred to the pro- ‘beedings of Commodore “fillies. The arrest of M ason and Slidell strikes at the root of Brit- I is“ authority, and affirms a right on the part tof the Northern States to which the meanest \ nation in Christendom could not honorably ! submit. We assume that. Lord Lyo..s will at once demand {mm the \Vasbington wovernment a disavowai 0" t! 19. act of their commodore, and the release of Messrs. Mason and Siideil. -â€"- Not to assume his ,wouid be to supnose that Britai :) is indiffereiit to the rights and: henor Hf! r flag. Of these contingencies we need not say wb'hich is the more probable. THE ‘ STANDARD. Ix our coinms of 10-day “ill be found an account cf thee capture of Messrs. Mason and Slide”, Commissioners from the South~ em Congress to the Coqrts of England and France. The insult git-en the British flag by the Yankee pirate Wil '03, has aroused such a storm of indignation in this country a’gainst the North, as to elevate the Southern cause fifty per cent.; and this. together with the arrest of Mason and Slitlell will have the same effect in Eurore. If the North had a a just cause they need not feel the influence of a dozen Slidcll “1th the shrewd poli- ticians of France and England. But as we have before stated, this is a contest of Liberty against Despotism, therefore the North fears the exposure of their villainies from the tongue of such an able statesman as Slidell. Although Mason and Slidell are shut up in a dungeon, their influence will be none the less, {or the very fact of their incarceration and illegal arrest will excite for them and their cause sympathy at foreign courts. The otTence to the British flag, can only 16 expiated by a total disavowal of 'he act by the Washington government, the humiliation of 01 their offending officer, and the uncondition- al surrender of Mason and Slide“. Unless this reparation to our insulted honor be given, we say warâ€"war to the knife ; and it may then be found that the long-threatened de- struction of 7 Washington has been reserved for a British fleet and army. ‘ ,The disposition to riise and circulate acnâ€" sation stories is truiy marveiious. In a Coun- ty like ours, wherein every body might be profitably employed in attending to- their leg; gititnatebusiness, a busy-body, or in other words, agossi ping story-teller, has no proper. vocation;though now and then‘ they piy'the instruments of their profession with sufficient attroitness as to impose even upon an discreet and self-complacent a chic! as our contempo; rary‘ oi the Uwen Sound.,Times. Sox'ne two weeks since there appeared in that journal an on dit paragraph, intended to inform its read- ers that'there existed adispnte betwixt the. County a.;d Mr. Manningginvolring a charge. of $70,000; that the Gravel Road contract was sufficiently loose.to admit a nlllilei' .Of Gravel teams. to pass through it, and the roads were no better than they were former. I The para- graph has been copied by the Globe, and WOuld, no doubt, have been regarded as an admirable text for a slashing Clear Grit arti- cle under some such caption as “Municipal Sconndâ€"rilisrh, 3’ but for the County Engineer’s, recent ailiance with the Grit pofifgderacy. FREDAL NOVEMBER 22, 1831 GRAVEL ROADS. THE DERHAM ‘ST'AEQARD,DURHAM, -,.0VEWBER 22, 1-861. given, or detaiied quantity of work, for 3200,- i 010, also that if extra work shouid be ordered by the Engineer it should be estimated month- ly and paid according to a schedule of prices i attached to the contract, and thatWork 1n 0th- er particulars might be discom-inned, or dis-i paused with, and the deduction for the work sodisccxtttnned or dispensed with should he‘ é'st’tmated althe Same schedule rates, but that the amount should not be reduced below the sum mentioned in the contract. From the, minutes of the County? Council tie learn that notice 11 as given to the Contractors in the earl) partof this war, to thegeffect that when the amount mentioned was expended, under the contract, the contract was to be considered as terminated. The monthly estimates of Ur: Rankin cover the original appropriation, andl the contractors have, it may be snpposed in obedience to the :notice, discontinued the 'work. If, then, the contractote have anv claim against the County, it will arise out of ‘ the inaccurate admeasurements and estimzites ofthe County Engineer. we are not aware that. any such inaccuracy exists, ° our contem- porary should have ascertained the facts on this subject be'ore givr n2: his ear to his nossip, 1b., ifwe eare correct!) informed, the Width of Poulett 'Street only, divides the sanctum of our contemporary from the office of the County Engineer. True, the state of Pouiett Street might render an attempt. to pass between the l two offices a, dangerous exploit. In reference to the loose manner in which the Contract 1s drawn we can scarcely give ..inop nion. It was, . we should suppose, drawn up by Mr. Creasor, who ts the Solici- to the County, and for whose Special services in drawing up the Contract :1 special allow- ance was made by a vote of the County Coun- bit It 13 not necessary , however, that we should volunteer a defence of Mr. Creaeor; he 15 quite able to take care of his 011': 1 repu- tation. ' The othe1 portion of our contemporary” 5 sto- r} is too palpabh absurd to reclaim any 110- {108. \s we commenced this article hy a water- ence tea singularly prevalent disposition, We are reminded of another which 13 very com- mon’to little Towns like Owen Sound. What shall we call it? we don’t much like to use the word,b11tfor11':1nt of :1 better, "we must .call'1t arrogance. They seem to think that. they can manufacture opinion, sentiment, fashion, and e1ery thing else for the whole County. Ifour contemporary can get‘ont of Owen Sonnd,\1'hicl1\1'e think he 1n1y€do if he can gucceed in getting 011 to the County Graeel Road at Duision Street and drive up this way, thence tofFlesherton and up to Breeze’s, he will go home and imply the birchitohis gossip. ‘Vc regret to have to record the Jr- «v.1- one ofour well known and earliest settlers, Mr. \Villiam Bratton, to whom we refer, was assiStiug to raise a log building near his mm residence on the 5th'Coucession ol Bentinok, {or-the use of the Church of Englandm'n Wed- nesday the: ' 13th instant, ivhcn the weight ofa log, \vhich he was intending to steady with a hand-spike held over his head, suddenly turned on to' the l andospike, which latter, came with such force upon his skull as to cause his death in about 15 hours after- wards. Ilisâ€" remains were interred in the burying-ground of the-Presbyterian Church in this village, on Sunday last. The multitude of persons who followed all that was mortalof him to the place appoin‘ed for all living,bears testimony to the respect in which he was held by his neighbors. Mr Bratton was mar- ried to a daughter of Mr. James Livingston, ; and leaves a \Vidow and three children. . After the accident Mr. Brattonwas attended by Messrs. Shaw andTGun, surgeons. After his decease our other two medical men, Mes- srs “Mod and Crawford-éwho ihappen also to be Coronersâ€"went to inquire hoiv he came by his death. It would scarcely become usto be satirical in connection with a~ theme so distressing as the sudden and violent death of’ a felfow-creature, but there is somethingthor- oughly absurd in making almost every-other Doctor a Coroner, unless perchancc“‘it‘may be for the purpose of eXpOSing the "mal-practices of such as drug their patients to death, We copy for the information of our readers gene- rally the-following section of the “ Act re- specting Coroners ” :-â€"'â€" ' At a meeting of the St. Abdt‘eWs Sbciety, Durham, held at the “British” on Semi-Jay the 16th inst. ., the tollowmg gentlemen Were elected oflice- bearers for the ensuin g-year: - Presidentâ€"James Paterson, Esq: ., lst Vice Dickson Esq. , Secretary 8; Tregagarerâ€"D C :McDonell {Esq , ChaplameeV. William -Park.- , , .- -.â€"â€"â€"‘ v “V ' oatu g’.vv:v:T.°" “I.“ 5” {CI 6‘! {‘1U” ‘00‘ a M EngopnflBy LheGI-néaI G’ the Norwmgan, handle 19 i‘dtrodqce uoEpnIy the rigomug doc- I; 0‘ from Lomimden’yzo'n mG 91; We léan) ghat mupqlw'blcbopxemxlgl iathe dnchy’ 9f No‘r'.‘ .Mgo thé Hungarian affaigs are stillfl.’ $3: If”! tiara mapdgzbuhaléo atlmfitsanGldpeuréenb.eq) 7‘ 'V'; ’7. "-" ,agq fry: d". .9- “No inquest shall be held on the body of? any deceased person by any Coroner until it shall have been made to appear to such Coro- ner that there is reason to believe that the de- cease-d died from violence Or unfair means, orf ? by culpable or negligent conduct. either 0 hin1self or of others under such circumstances. as require 1nvest1gat mm and not through mere‘ accident or mischance.” " " w-â€"â€"--’ _ * It was aiso decided by the meeting to sale. brute. the Day by a public (timer at the Brit- ish‘ Ho‘tef‘, Durham, on the eve‘mng pf tile 29“) Inst, 833,? ‘1 , { ‘;,__.fl_,,_ 7. .- - ‘. commms. -â€" 9. .â€" A B. \‘IeNab, ‘A. G Smith";- JuhnA'i’msfrqng Ugucan Fletcher, Altar: McFarlane, Arch’d Black, and filigrrgsidgnmnd Secretary, . FATA L ACCI E} EXT. st. Andrews Society. TI 1‘ that the Austrian European deems the as- sembling of the Hungarian Diet impracticable. Vienna is to be further fortified with 92 martello towers. ___.. 53..- - marteuo towers . . ,1. The exhibition against Mexico as to pro; ceed forthwith, in order to establish Ia’w, 0.1-: der, and such :1 {mm of government as the \Iexicnns may desire. . ,, ‘ ’ v failed worse than in 1846. : é TEMPERANCE ILI. US'I‘RATED EL cchr1c JOURNALâ€"Thist neerless Temperance periodi- cal avain deserves a notice at our hands. Its excellence can only be understood after a pe- rusal, and even then cannot be dea’cr .bed in the 100111 atonr diSPOEQLW In short it is the A trial trip of the British frigate \Varrior 16 Queenstown. Ireland, resulted in a speed of 17 knots an hour. There is a _prospeet of famine in Ireland, the potato Crop having best. T‘J‘aumal "bf 'the kiiéd ever published in Western Canada. Published semiâ€"monthly at $1 per annurn. Address : Roper Créasy, Box 4'77 P.‘O.’,' Hamilton. DIS APPEARANCE or THE Bums“ OF: SAT-URN. â€"- To-morrow, the Rings of Saturn will come in- to the same plane with the earth, and will therefore cease. to be visible, except throngh a powerful telescope, until the end of next January. 0:? George Gitrnatt; an., an old-and highly respected'eitizen of-Toronto, ~died Iuddenly at his residence last Sunday, from a stroke of paralysis. Deceased published the Gore Gazette, in Ancaster, from'the "year 18728t ill 1830, when he removed to Toronto, where he published the Courier of Upper Canada. , That “Noble System” of Canada: What is it ? ' “7710 public idea of SOCIAL FR EEDOM’ is, I believe, too strong and enlightened to tdlm‘nte for an instant, the insidious scheme oftulcing a shoot qf seeming fairness from. the pnism2~ 0st weed 9f Contin'vntat ~ Tyranny, and en.- grnfting it upon Tm; 2.0mm: AND MAJESTIC mm: or Exams" LIBERTY.” ' A few bpecimens and a Taste of the poi- sonous weed. [commerce ] . - l The natiOn at this period seems to have} groaned u11der as absolute a slavery as it \\ as 1 in the power of a warlike, an ambitious, andj a politic prince to create; The consciences? of men were enslaved by sour ecclem 1.3111.- devoted to a foreign power- The 1aws 111-re administered in'an unknown tongue. The- forest laws tetally testrained all :rural pleas- ures and manly recreations. And in cities and towns the case was no better ; all compa- ny being obliged to disperse, and {re and candle to be extinunished, l1) eight at night at the sound of 111e°111911111c11131y curfew. l 111. ultimate propert) .ofall lands, and 11 (mush.- erahle shareou-t of the present profits, were vested 111 the Kiwr, or b} 1111111 granted 11:11 to his Norman favmites' , who, [1} a gra:.lnal proâ€" gression of slavery, were {absolute vassal's to the crown, and as; ahswlnte tyrants to the commons. ‘ Unheard-of forfettures, Sm... 'were arbttrarily extracted from the' pillaged 1111111- holders, in pursuance of the 1‘1eW'systmn of tenure. And, to crown all,'ias a consequence of the tenure by knight service, the King had always ready at his command an armv nl'six- ty_ thousand knirrhts, or 111.clifes,\*1'ho were bound, upon pain olcontiscating their estates to attend him in time of imasion, 01 to quell any domestic insurrection. commons. arbxtriarily holders, i1 tenure. I 8. Upon the Norman conquest the feudal law was introduced in all its rigor, in rouse- quonce whereof all the lands in the kingdom were div1ded 1nto what were called knights’ 1 teesâ€"in number above 60, 000â€" ,a11d for evil- ery knights’ fee a knight or soldier. miles. was bound to atten l the King' 111 his wars, for 40 days in a year; by this means the King had, without any expense, his army always ready at his command. The introduction, however, of the feudal tenures into England, by King William, does not seem to have been effected immediately after the conquest, nor by the mere arbitrary will and power of the con- queror; but to have been gradually establish- ed by the Norman barons, and others. And, though the time ofthis great revolution 1n our landed property cannot'fi be? .scertaiued with |exactness, yet there are some circumstances 1 that may lead us to a probable conjecture con- ‘cerning it. We learn lrom the Saxon chron- icle that in the 19th year of ng William’ 8 reign an invasion was apprehended from Denmark; and the military constitution of the Saxons being then laid aside, and no other 1n~ troduced 1n its stead, the kingdom 1) as wholly defenceless; Wnié‘h occasioned the King to bring over a large army of Normans and Ere-1 tons, “Who were quartered: upont every laud- holder, and greatly oppteds'ed the' People; 1 . E 9. In codeetjuence ef the change it 116-: l‘came a fundamental magim and necessary piineiple (though £11 ~reality a mere fiction) of our. Enolish tenures ., “that the King 15 the universal lord and original proprietot of 1111‘ the lands 1n his‘ kingdom; and that 110 man; deth 61- can possees any part of it, but what has mediately or immediately been derived as a gift from him, to he heltl upan feudal 3131, 111086;”. By 66119111111113 to the "11101111011011 0f fehdal tenures, ourflhrwhsh ancestors, probab-r. l y meant 119 1110111111511 to p111 the kingdom 111â€" to a. state «pf defence: by establishihur a mifita-’ ry system; but whatever 111511 meannw was; 11113 3101111511 mterpréters, skxlled in all 1he- meetles 91.11115: leudal coastautious, and well august-finding the 1111111111- $111111 ex'te'ni of the Ieml'al tame, gawa‘hmy‘thflerem construe; 11011 to‘ 11118 In eceeilmg J and thereupon tool; a - ‘1‘ h- PAPER N0. 2. v â€"â€"â€"â€"â€"_. Few Canadians have devoi‘eg a very {large sfiare of attention to the sturtf'af...¢Americau ”bolitics; and to such an extent has the virulence, engendered by party strife been carried in re United States, that very little zireljabl'gfin ‘rmation respecting conteiriporar‘y t-risro'ry’ 62m be obtained thrungh their period-' ical press. It is therefore not sur rising that some? fiifférér'teg effeffinieir - shou ‘d ae'kist . Hi this. country, .ittmreferenee to the origin and ; objectéufthe pres-vnt war. 4. Not a few enter-v itutfl the idea Khakiâ€"ithas-originated'ieutirely in thvevquestienwpf Slavery; anthhat the great obje'et'of the'N’ét'th‘, i’rr» carryirrgi‘ozrtflthe (fon- I" l, they ‘3?! 10411:: Mamba? t1 3" [TO m: 61“ such hardships and services, as were nevex known to other nations ;as 1f.1he anbsh had In fact, as well as theory, gWe wed {every thing thev ha! Lo’slha beautygn'f fig}; sovereign lord. inc GAUSES 6F THE PRES , ££ ‘ - \wlfii El“ 1e51,. is to; emancipate, the 513383. The ire; dent actior‘a, honeverggfl [he Fédezal Govern- ment~ on this. matter has served great-1y Jo- mod'rfjf. the . views of. thuse . who jwld’ this opiuipugu. Indeed a careful. examination. of the quer-tion will, we thiukg-‘wnvince every. unprejndiced mind tuat such. a conclusion 'is .quite erroneous; and ~« that the present diflicul ties have arisen notxfrom a single cause. but firom a variety of causes that haVebeen in operation for a num'irer'ot years. In; order to show this; and-to assist our :‘re'uders in ' {mm- iug a cor-reef» estimate of rhe bearings of the Question,”w(3.pro’pose b‘rieflj'ntorcnfer to a few :leading even't's in the history of the "American 'UniOnI ’ ' ' ' ' T.’1e North and the South were originally settled by two races of” entirely (litterent. social and political ideas, The Puritans of New En‘glatid were economical labmious, and. indepepdeqt, ‘ luvers ol po litical fie dim, but intOlei'imt of individual liberty. lhe3 enacted laws of acharacter most arbitary and ahsnrd. . We presume many have, heard of the Blue Laws of Connecticut, in which, among many other ridiculous regulations, we ,find it solemnly 1. ecreed, that ‘ no man shall kiss his wife on Sunday. ’ The South on the contrary, was peopled by a class holding :1 ‘hi1 her social pos1tion in‘ ‘the mother 1201111113 -â€"â€"the midd‘ c class ot Englis .1 gentryâ€"unac- customed to pn3sical exertion, "disdaining manual labor, and preferring rather .11 make others work than to weak theirtseltes â€" 'Their laws affecting the social relations were less restricted than those of the North \1 hile theit political idea assumed more of acou- servative cast. [it a word, the North farmed political liberty; the Sehth petsazial free-i idom. These chatacteristics of the two sec- tinns of the Repel. lic soon became apparent in the formation of two great po litical parties. At the North was the Feder’ah. t part3, which maintained the snp'retnac3 of federal- ism 01 e1 the individual states; at the South t'the anti Feder'tlists part3',iwhi1h adverafed the supremacy of the intliviilu'dl states over the 1-. entral power. The. e two patties have under various names; and at different times, contet. ded ior su' rnemacy in the Union. . It is an important tact that M dison and Je-th rson, ma: 'ntuined the docttine advocatet. h3 the South ; and even some of the North- (-111 M11 1's h." We, 1'11 ler pecn' iar cittum- :111- es, done the same. in 181531218 states cl: hmsszichnsctt s. and Comtetticu t deelared 1'... “211' 11g miiust Engand t1 be unjust. he- :1use it affettett nn zit'ora'11l3' the co 1 meree of these. dates to supply the E1. 1131111111 1f 17:): 131s idemztinled bv the (xmetntnelit triertnout sto (I nearly in the same p‘Ssmm. Here we find an attempt at secession m atle h3‘ North em States half a century ago. which in no respctt 1111111111111 the'que'stion of slavery; nor did t': lis question .orm .1 snhjett of crntrm er s3 hem e111: the North and Smith until the 3ear1829. It 151 :1 remarkable hot, 11' nich 111' ‘11 onld do well to remember, that when the South Wtsl'etl to abolish the slave-trade, the New England States were the. first to oppose In the year 18.29 as “e have said slavery fixst became a suhiect of antagonism hem earn the North and South. It atose on the mim- (hution of theterrltorv of 3"Iis56uri inmthe Union. The Smith Wished to introduce shiv- ery in the new state, while the North strong- New langmrm Mates wrare the Mrs! to oppose the movement. from the fact that 1'. e trade was very largely carried on by their own vessels; ' ‘ 3' opposed the preposition. The dispute was finality ruled bv a compronnse, the con- ditinn: of which were. tba 11‘] the state~ an't territories sauth of 30th piraHe! or latitule shouid be at liberty to retain slaxery. “lute these to the nmth of that line should have the pdwer tn exclude it. North Carolina being most affected b3- ihe operatian of this law passed the celebrated Act of Nullfficalfon. b3 “hich she refused to pay the duty ”“3105.- ed and claimed her riohts as a sovereign state. » A debategelative to the present strpggEe m ;-America “3:13 HEM" it} ¢gyneéti0n \f'ith the -.Claugh1,on_,ChurQh ,f-Iglsfititute. in . the: :schael-s rbgiig.qf Christfg 'Chfir‘céhz' ,Claugb‘t‘on, on the evening ,of'thé'QBihlulL,‘ Rev». Dr. Blakeney, ,Preéidgn't'gf ‘ the :Societty,.oc.cup_i9d .flnBZChair; am} {he {gag-was- .dgmely. crowded;~.with lad- ‘jies ap'd, gentlemen. .The subjeotfof'xle‘baté r'was,"$A{e the «Sout-hem-or N orthem State's ‘Jf‘ :- ‘ a. , p ' 13%de mum :~ firfiéfli; stggm 33:: a0!» {kg Vkvoteaofdhmmeethrqshgigg akamctfi'g‘i'tgiiigeiwétaf deem 31% féfvé“: fimensmm fix a majaggyjy; 191, the votes being for the South, 245â€"for {50 North, 144. Thus stands British opinion. _ tar-1W .32; 1"..1'3"‘."".""7"" "-"“' éexerted a much Greater influence 1n the tran- saction of pubiiiciiffiiirs than c1| soii ude to maintain the integygfiof the Union. A clivm: writer On \mcricau affairs sa} 3. that the causes of the present social war 11133:. be 1511111,:- 11161115311131“: ' antler tbe’ioifomrrglhemt Ist'. "A conflict of races“ , 21111:.A131 inevitable conflict of sectipnal 1ntereet<° 31¢ J‘he want of: sound, moral and p0 tiiial “ratification; and lastly,tire 01 {all the chief power into 11n- worthy hands. "When California Was admitted to the rank of a state, thedemand was made that she should be received at once into the Union without being first organized as a territory. Mr Fremont was appointed t’o’represent Caiifornia at Washington, and to press this propusal, but with secret instructions; that if Congress re- fused to complv, he should-st-ate‘that he was invested with full powe'r-toistg’n on the pa rt of California. a treaty of commerce and alliance with the -United :State-s. ~, Berejwe ohserve the spirit of seoéssion strongiy Exhibited in a state where siavery ,nféve'r’existed. and on a. question with Whichâ€"“Siavery' had unthin’g to do. We have'wseen the“ same disposition manifested in'the case of Massachesetts, Connecticut and Vermont concus’rnin'gr the war of 18 "‘2'. and in the ease .of North Carolina in ”oo'nsequiince'lof a high tarifl._ Indeed Lo; £55,1-???Werts 8‘11“ch 'fiéfiéfifs’rtfilvns : havé? Want 0? space prevent om" pmmin‘g‘this subjgdgfnnher at mre’é’efit.’ W? wit] probé? va "returu; to it? a't a finure (Etna, {vhe‘n- We; will refer totevents of‘n“more:ranent data. _ will refer totevents of a morgfrfient date. â€" Richmond Hilt Her‘dlcl‘; ations 5:15 {tithe 1 IS theory, QWed. I )Qavtisfl.“§§r 30? in’s éiihfmivaflé HE PRES T A MR an» ‘ T AMERICAN THE CANADIAN HOUSES OF PARLIA- . ,. . MENT \Vhere is. the architect, of cottage, or man- sio'n, of'natio'nal building or‘ national ship, whose “original estimate ” has equalled thgai cost?“ The man is not to be found.â€" ,W,'e;are. net surprised, therefore, to see, in Op. position papers .in Canada, statements to the effect that the handsome building now beino targeted .in' the. citymi Ottawa for the Parliac- merit of theProvince is likely. to cost rather more, moneythan was originally expectedâ€"â€" Of course, it will. By What miracle could it be otherWise ? Where is it otherwise ? Not 'at iVaShingto'n? not at Paris; certainly not at London, no; at, Melbourne, where they are said? mlvhave‘eiitibited strong symptoms of ec‘orIOmY during the last three or {our years. our friends across the border could not have .expected theiaivs of natn re to be stopped for their accommodation; and soaftheyget a suite of‘handsome parliament buildings, worth the l'tnpfley they spend on them, as they appear to have. a. good prospect of getting, thongh it take. a, little more time and mane) to finish them than they bargain for, they most not only be satisfied _.,b.:';t exceeding well pleased. \Vo are glad of one thing, and more than glad; we me proud 11111-111111 the public laith 111 Canada has been strictly kept with 1l1e Imperial GoVernmem and “llli the Queen personally in ieaanl to the seat 0 Gmern- ment. in spite of the 1mm; claims of the n1.»31(-iti1J.c to be me seat of the authority of 1..e P1ovi111'-.e all impartial persons 01115110 will agree tl at O1tawa. all things consider- 311,1111111311 1w into account 'he fiztuxe of the Province as it is now fore~hadowe1l, is the [19.1 positiocn for the seat of Government. The following are a few very useful and timely hints on this. subject frorti the Scottish Farmer. ‘ â€"-Belore the appearance of the dis- ease in 1845, it was quite common to store po- tatoes in large masses in houses. The roots would often keep sound In this state through the greater part of the winter. No fermenta- tion was induced,and any little heat gene- rated had the effect of causing the roots to sprout' .‘;Since that time, however, things have be ’J‘t entiIely cl‘Ianged. In 1845 the larger portion ofthe crop \s as ttken Up to all appearance quite sound: but whenever It \It «1‘ stored In large pits or in houses a destructite fermentation was induced, which speedi l} re- duced the roots to a rotten mass. It has been observed that thunder-storms seem to stimu- late the latent seeds of the disease, and pro- mote first the destruction of the haulm and then that'ofithe tubers. It has been found that putting together po- tatoes in large quantities thas often had the effect of spreadingthe tain tthrongh the “hole. For this reason it ts seldom that they are now stored in houses. The smallerthe quantities that can be put together the better, :18 it “it! diminish the risk of their spniiing.“1enar tower, therefore. the pits are made so much the more chance of the roots keeping through the winter, and not sprouting prematurely in. spring. ' J It ié. far from advisable to begin to store be- Fnrp. the \s eather becomes cool. as heat is very apt to spread the destrm live taint. HOW THE BRITISI It isnnt gmmrafiv known 10 what extpnt the British funds are heid by the pnowr chimes in Great Bxitnin. 'lhe {0210“ng t: {Me there- fore. cannot but be iméreding at this tune.â€" II is. found in anote in the [int volume of‘ Al- Elisnu on Population. ” p: ago;- 1‘27, Engiish edi- tinn. 'â€" Dividend not-exceeding £ ‘1. H Tame of the holders of property in. Brhish Funds in 183.7, from " Porter’s Pariiamemary Tables for 1837”:â€"- f‘ “ 1000 ...... 1.359 N “. 2mm ..... 402 Dividend exceeding 2000 ...... 176 It appears frrm this table that of the hnid- era of the British debt. 280.881. there are '256- 79 who imid an amount drawing (ilvi {ends not exceeding £100,211” that 87,‘ 21.1 ’ hold such smaH amoun‘s as entitle them to draw lees than £5. A foot-race for $100 a .~ide bemeen th “veil-known runner James “(Gabe and an Indian from Canghnawnga cal-ed De Lorimâ€" ier. took place at the Mite-End Racecourse. ‘Yontrenl, on Saturday afternoon. There was a considerable number of the lovers of ath- letic sports present ; and in the tossing up for positiun, the Indian won the inside, which was no inconsiderahle advantage. The rvronnd was heat3’, owing: to the recent state of the weather. Precisely at 2: quarter past three o ’clock they started, McCahe taking the lead, which he kept as tar as the last gate. The indian then passed him, but after a hard brush McCabe again led, coming in a winner h3 about four or five feet. Tne distance. one ,mi ‘e, was run in six minutes fifteen seconds. We learn from Quebec that the ship Ancient Mariner fnundered 0n “’G-‘aspe on the 24th 0c- teber. The captain and fourteen men were "damned, and three saved who are now tn Quebeg.f Late mails from England state that owing to the exdeSSive use of opmm, the Right Bra. 3. Disraeli has inst his heaith. It is doubt- ful whethex‘ h1s poucrs’ ofmiud can ever be restored ‘ Try the truly RELIEF, and if - tcr using theism 9‘9““ in a? 933‘ (From the 1 Ned? Yo’fl: Scoltish flmcrican.) Fall wheat per bush. S})ring “ < - ‘6‘ * "‘ “" Bailey} “ -‘£ “ 0315- ya . ("cg u' it 'otatoes, (‘ ‘( H (t finé§hnfifl :H‘fi 1113:; 5.. TORONTO MARKETS. a]. DU‘fiH‘nr MARKETS. STORING POTATOES. ,grégt, mix KILLER BRIGGS”! you; ai-e fioTumsfiedin‘ as mpofion “fig: ' . thevweegwillbe reftfnded him. as. ' @3259ch berksflh 801,4 blun nos . ' G‘ fl 6‘ U H Dummy, Nov. 21, 1861. D {CRT IS IIEL D. \ov.19,1861,. $105“ $110 0 90“$O 93 . . 3 O 40“»0 '42 . O30“ O35 "Eri‘qritr: :17 Holders. fl and sup} 11'; In}