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A Paper read at the S. Grey Teaehers' l Asmlation try Mr. Slaughter. Prin.'ot P'lesherton Public School. Before we no able to teach any sub. jcet successfully are must know, lat the subject, 2nd the faculties ot the mind trained by its teaching, 3rd the order of development of these faculties 2n the child. Prof. Elliott ot Harvard Iiivcrsary in "Uses of the Public From these premises We can reason that the highest value that can be placed on a subject, depends on the number ot faculties trained, and the usefulness of their facts. This plainly implies that the duty of every teacher is to study his subject so as to ascer- tain the faculties trained and devise plans for each lesson to accomplish the desired end. In this paper it is my intention to outline plans whereby it can be taught so as to train different iaculties of the mind No person questions the usefulness of this subject and therefore we need not consider that, butletns examine for a short time the mental training it gives. By a proper treatment of the subject, the following faculties viz '.-- ohtservation, imagination, memory and judgment can be success-hilly trained. Geogr: physical are vnlu are valuable as a public schot The problem tor us to solve v these should he taught first mum-r is the physical for the it reasons: Ist, political facts c: bcexvlaincd M a knowledge 2. Physical features affect national character and history. To prove this look at the people of Holland who are noted for thriftiness. foresight and en. .lurance. The country is low, Mt, moist, suited for pastumge, hence favorable tor rearing cattle, butter making etc. and the encroachment of the sea isonly prevented by the incessant watchful- nesa of its inhabitants 3. Because it is simpler and can be I taught with greater interest to the pupil. It eanbe taught by obserVa- tion. and very little reasoning is need. ed, hence it should form an early part ct the child‘s training because nearly all knowledge gained by a child at school and home is by observation. Therefore it should be a valuable sub- ject in the lowest grades of our public school and I maintain it should begin with the primary class. Home may say how can we tind time to teach all these subjects to these junior classes? and to you I should say it is not to be taught for the sake oi getting over so much work but rather asa mental discipline. a training of the observation and imagination, and this can rc1aeeomplished with little expenseuf time. Geography in the primary gzade should he conversa- tional. It should be talks about the earth and things he observes tts--1st forms or land, hills, valleys ete. 2nd-- Rain, snow, hoods eta 3rd---Streets, ul language lessons as mation. It is a tra vation and memory hingungi- l-onsus “le as " inlur- tnation. lt is a training in the olrser- vation and mettrty. Artur he has en- :crcil the partsuocntl book this strictly should be cortinued. It should consist _ of talks Irll Ist-shitting of the sun, change ot seasmis. 2. location ot towns, villages, and accounting tor the same. 3. The following facts about rivers: The nature ot their banks, their course, their windings, their water and theiranintal life. And about hill l their height, basesnmmits, sides 4. Detinitiomsof terms in the reader. 5. Object lessons. In the “Momlimit tablemakcsgood will: - Atl of the above :08 1h---Objeet lessons recs, tlowers, tood, 1 nanataettsredprtiO planation ot terms in GT,"Asams (f the pupil's observation, now his imaginative faculty can he used in representing many of the different things he has observed try making drawings on hin slate or paper, and this can be condoned when he has learned the deMitioets. The bench: of this grertttt,',i,g', mu yam: I. lulu uni-work F...“ . tltA','ltt)'lt di2tgt n In" i-aehtas. lk hum. dent unla- 'Gaiirraiyu]iietE,t?ract: ”can... -..-. - - --' lt in W ”I” h. m . tnete “I " " 1nts ary 111 "Uses or the none gives the following reasons for L: any subject: ist as mental 1w. 2nd for the usefulness of snow, nr, railways t'ut GEOGRAPHY. we I 1l tht ass. 4th--weather. 5th between plants on the those ot the valley, water t;th--1keapation ot people. lessons on glass, iron s, mod. change ot seasons, edgmiclos etc. t2th--Ex. terms in the remit-r. m phy dogs of the subject. 5. It is a training in 1 drawing and m illustrating natural! scenery. 6. It will aid the teacher to! find work for junior pupils. i Before leaving. sieal or hy i let .us consider theellginitioni? Ting a E I mistake to teach them in {my other' I, way than by concrete examples.- . tse ? the sand board or some such. co'ntriy-l I ance to Show the pupil everything bev! f fore a detiuition is formed, and encour- i l age them in every ease to give their g k own oletiuition use result of Iris obsets i vation. This will be a help in teach. l ing him to express his own thoughts i in his own language, have every deti. 1 "nitior. short and comprehensive andl , pursue some logical order in teaching l I them. Begin with the continents and l oceans, then teach the mountains and l mountain ranges. Teach now the i rivers and show that most rivers have i origin in mountains, then show that most lakes are wide and deep expan- sions of rivers. Time forbids treating each division but let each teacher use i ' his or her own individuality and de. [ Vise some such plan as this and teach I the poop“ to know the relation between each the divisionsso that when he ) beginstostudy the Physical teatures F ota country he will know what to look , tor and in what order to proceed. As. t sociate with the definition certain facts such as: l. The uses of mountains, rivers, etc. 2. The animal life or the a water and forests. 3. The nature of' l the rocks and of mountains. 4. What _ mountains usually have in them and ’ on them. 5. That valleys usually t form the best place for agricultural , pursuits. t',. That the occupation and _ character of a people depend on the . physical features. Have the pupil il- , lustrnte each definition, in doing all , l this liisohservntion, imagination, meni- I (my and judgment have been used It This now leads us It) the lust division of our sulriect. viz: Polit icul Geography. 'l‘hc-n- un- two methods oi dealing with thi, sulrjtwt viz: I. The syulhrt ic, whtclt h-gins with [In school h/3use.seltool sov- lion. do. 2. The analytic, which lit-gins uuth Witt Isl, loud and watvr divisions, M". The t'ust H runlrm-y to the. way the Iniml arts heruu. it is lodious and should only he used inteuchittrgthe:.pu" gmphy of a county or province“ many pupils :In- omrwalled to leave school lit“ fore zoning a gum-ml knowledge of the “or“. The analytit' ptuutrits of the: curly use nf tht- glnho and p,risus n nmn- turn-rt nlvn nf the rn-lutivo size ot' (mm-em plum-s. It follows the law of acquisition fr nu the whole to its pal-ta. hence all pulitihl geography should he taught hy this method. The following isthvovder I teach the treogtaphy of a country or rnntilwnt. If we make an exmuination of this nrder it can readily be seen to he a logical order l l. Situation: absolute. relative. 2. Flize: "lrsohtre,tvlative. 3. ltelief-The Mountains: the direction, height, char- m-toristiw. 4. Drainage. ', riyers. strmmh‘. basins, and divdies. G. Cli. mute. temperature. o. Natural pro. ducts; (1) Field. (2) Forest. (3) Mine, (4) Water.. 7. People. 8. Industries and industry centres. 9. Commerce; ex- ports and imports. lo. Channel-t of 1'ottttuetwet ports and railway centres. ll. Government. 12. Divisions. In teaching this use a wall map to get the relative situation and size ofa place. I'M: a hlm-klxnu-d map to mark them on so as the pupil will see exactlv what has to he remembered. This will help him to remember that which is Important Have him draw maps and mark on them the things taught. In doing all this he has employed the following senses: (I) Heaving,02) Seeing. (3) Mun- rular senses. It, Is a. law of education to employ all the senses possihle in teach- ing any subject, and it will not he so easily fan: ptten. His observation, Un. agination, memory and reasoning will all he developed by this method. After a country has been taught, have the pupils write " eomposntion using the topics mentioned. In conclusion permit me to give u. list of appliances necessary to teach geogra- phy and a. few general hints. The ap- tliter; should he l ll) A sandhoard. (2) Plief table, (3) Antional history oh- jects (4) Books of travels. \‘nynges. dis- covvrivs, 1'hatuher's Geography, lleml- em. (5. Grant's "Fl-um Dream to Oven n" and ttopical geoswaplty. (ll) Good wall lumps. The following suggestions may he found un-ful. l. Roniemlwr the end in view. 2. Be familiar. with tho subject. 3. hnm- all facts 2m (-uusv and Mil-cl. l. \Vln-m-vor pmsililt‘ (-mulnno smut-thing iutctvstitrg with mull thing taught. G. 'l‘mu-h little and well. ti. Fort" illl'llilll- it of lzwutiug plittus in reading. ', 1'.','A'lWrerRra"G7i iiiiE iG7uaa in; avn.m.m wrong-Mus. - ' tefr,2',eatt.Q 'eith'trg'glt'.ttl2'td 'aa"ar,7Gra4 IMud my "on _ iiiiaiiNutru-tettr , M. In. 1 MJme hid. Push it, Tull; :ilmul it. Slim-1k "vll of' it. llvlll In ilnpruvv it. Bunnlif)‘ the sire-Ms. Patrotttze its merchants. Advertise in its newspapers. speak well of enterprising men. " voucau't think of a good thing to any. keep silent. If you are rich invest in something, employ somebody. he a hustler. Be Courteous to “rangers that come among you, ?" that they will go away with a good impression. Alwtifs cheer up the men that go in for improvements Your portion of the cost will be only what is just. Don't kick about any needed public improvement because it is not, at your door. or for fear your taxes may he raised tifteen centa.-t5t. Mary's Journal. Th. 2 :1de tux-in. boon tutotod to hum: b “mph mum. an" mftteringt tor IOVOIII you. Vin. .urngluu doc“on.lndth:t§mddiu:o . __.--, A- .--- - -.. a- " ‘l'll .e.oFWVi""'0'""r_""I'"" ---- __ --ee"ee i" - __ - fiiie.ttTgeghlt union- to In“. known to " mm In on" the Inn-o! can. To thou who “on. be "tttesta-ttstty "out!” of chug.) a an um 'ttreel', and. ,rttsO the: wilt Ina . our. cm by Sttttt'N,t loch-n. 1?.- ...n.m.m tttttilu" Ogl- -A o o o f ----- How to Build up a Town CONSUMPTIVES Tairiii9riia in "in a "iiiiriiiGiFitif6rtthiiry,1t _ We' sent out- last week account. notices to‘our subscribers in arrears aggregat- ing to ugaiarge sum which we need. We thank those who have responded by a remittance or made arrangement to pay, and hope the others will follow suit this week. We have waited on many for a good while. and our patience is not inexhaustible. Friends, put your label ahead-this week. IMPROVED YORKSHIRE The undersigned will keep fur so: vice on Lot 32, Con. 9. Itentiuck a thorough- bred Improved Yorkshire Bou- for the seasou of 1808-99. Pedigree may he seen on wplication. TERMS ..--8f.no Hood’s Sarupcrilln in prep-rod by ex- perioneod pummel-u ot todaynrho no" brought to the production ot thin (not medicine the best mum ot medial rec search. 'liood’a Samparille is a modern medicine, containing just those vegetable ingredients which were seemineg in- tended by Nature herself tor the allevia- tion ot human ills. It purines and en- riches the blood, tones the stomach and digestive organs and creates an appetite; it absolutely cures all scroiule eruptions boils, rimples, sores, salt rheum, and every onn of skin disease; cures liver complaint, kidney troubles, strengthens and builds up the nervous system. It en- tirely overcomes that tired feeling, giving strength and energy in place of weakness and languor. It wards ott malaria, ty- ihoid tovormnd by purifying the blood it {zaps the whole system healthy. Well "Made Makes Well To encourage new subscribers to these two great iouvnais we other both from date to inn. 1st 1900 for $1.50. Oven-15 months of the two papers at. {he brico of 12! '. " YOU ARE (‘AL'TIUL'B and want to see them titstall2We will seudthe Globe and Review to Jan lst 1899 for 2.5 cts. Now is the time to sulmcribe. This is Life. Smiles and tears. J oys and fear: l Laughter, cries, Sohs and sighs l Sitting glad From the and l Sitting good From the bad l Drifting on” Evet. nn . . This is Life! Etta Wallace Miller. in Atlanta Con- stitution. I.) , s - Engage? s 'bri'fliia iiood's Pills Full particulars in C :lle mun. sud Journal. rl th" F, id by Nursery Stuck Agents! Bonk Agents! Agricultural Implemnnt Agents 1 Or anyone dry-wing to better their position and increue their income should write us. The dc- min! 'or home-grown Sui-sew Stuck in 0.: the increase. We need more men. It you want steady. paring work, write us. We [hr-inl- all u-p'lIn k". We h-u- the large-n slum-nu In the Ibo-- III... '" - both ”In" and conch-Ion. “c w “the: whole or pan “-1-. men. go ”org-300 all SIP, - . " " a; "iiGTiiE .._-- FGUiiGeG - 'tet, "I'll-“0r In. Govern-rm Inspector. and“ our - Inna-lion In. J... male. G,'7GiTiGiiii Gi%iiiatiiriGaA G (can at no close“ van-Sue ftgure. In '--" with " who to" If.“ -m-bn. lltjlloouyoumluhhsn whatwoeondo -__ tik n: - not. amount- you - but“ and an "MIN. outlay-out. PUBLISHERS NOTICE. ircas Only Nunqrigu 501mm” trtr0.o.1yyr'y lbs OWEN SOUND. Ont. REVIE IV & w. GLOBE. It la the very best place m Canada to gel It 'l‘hul'lngh Rushers; Edn-mlhm, Stone 8c Wellington TORONTO. Rio ARCHIVES TORONTO in (act the rngis'ts. ATTEND THE )IRRIIIRM / B(')ALI{. el iy'tu"?, tf One True Blood Puriiler. 31; six for $5. 31er all Liver Ills and Sick Headache. 2.36. w, T. coo K . C. HAMAGE, Pub. 'dld. INF. ' any " pounce- t Y N"l'v,"; IS HEREBY GIVEN pursu- A ant In tbe provisions of ll. H. o., 18:17. (hp. 125'. that all rrmhhn< and m ho-r pt'l‘nnm‘ having (‘iilill n against the (Nah-oi" David Jackson tho Yuungm'. Inn oi' liszuwn of Durham in the (Hum- ty of Grey, Esquirv. deceased. who died on ot' about the Sth September A. D. 1896 at the mid Town nf Durham. are rc- quim-d. on or 1,efovethe2.3vddav of.Nov- emher A. D. 18% to suml by post, pre- paid. unit-liven to the undersignml ox- erlltnrs of the estate of the said deceas- ed, their Christian and surntunes, tut. dresses and destwiptions and a statement, of their rerpertive claims and the pur- ticuiavstand proofs thereof and the nu- lure of the securities, if any. held by them. AND NOTICE IS HEREBY FURTH- sl AND NOTICE IS HEREBY FURTHV ER GIVEN that after the said 23rd day of Nuvemhet' A. D. 1808 the said execut- urs will proceed to distribute the. est. tte of the said deceased muting the persuns entitled thereto having regmd only to the claims of which they then shall have had notice, ttt d he said exeeutnrs' will not I e liable for the said estate me any part thereof to eny Iter'iolt (Ir pet-suns of who; e elulm m claims they shall not thel have had 1 nth-e. Tut.) 'I‘HRUNTU G blNriIIA i, 'l'ill'HTS Cf Lil PAN Y, E’Eotic oirrt Dull-:1 u! Us Great Value to u (‘mmmmity " urn-n 1 t'neicvcsti1natcd. There is hardly any way in which a person cam do w much for his own lo- cality,with so little, cost and at the same time with N) much benefit to himself and his family, as by giving a hearty support to bis local paper. Depend up- on it that the home paper is doing all it can to advance the best interests of Four locality, whether it always agrees with your ideas or not. "Where your treas- ure is, there is your heart also" applies very aptly to the local paper, which sol. dom has treasure outside its own coun- ty, and which always has a. good, big heart for every enterprise calculated to udvunco the prosperity of its patrons. IN THE ArA "trtlit 0514/. tice'- tufc of JArtil. Jurlcsqn Him Youngrr. Into "f tke Town quIm-lmm in HwC'uunlny t fray, 13m] " i re, 'depeuswd. When in man tells you that the big city weekly is worth more than your home paper, ask hint how inneh the big city weekly has ever done for your lo. oality; if it has ever spoken a good word for it; if it has over mentioned what he and you were doing to improve the con- dition of yourself and your community; if it has ever noticed him or his friends when sick or dying-in rhort, if all hir dealings with the metropolitan Weekly have not been entirely one hitlt'd. in which his dollar only was recognized by the other party, while he and 311 bis individual interests were completely ig- noted. -.-Pomorra (Cal.) Progress. Counting the Coat, “See this suit of clothes? Well, sir, I went into the city and got that $5 cheaper than I could have bought it at the stores hero. " "You cheated yourself. " “I did? How do you make that out?" "Well, your railroad fare was $2.50, wasn't it?" mueh?" "Oh, about 75 cents." "Any other expenses?” “Well, I went to the theater and spent about $1 an odds and ends. " "Two dollars more?" "Yes. 1, " "That makes $5. M. Now, what was your time worth for the day-tr."' "Yes, about that." “Then yoa're out of pocket just " 26. ,, "I guess yote're right, old man. " Who Should Advertise. Who should advertise is n question that has been propouudcd and :u1:~w<-rod in different Ways. . Our :umver: Ercry (Lin-W110 has any- thing to sell, whether it is " product of the baud, brain or machine, and in cases where those who wirlt to buy or secure or exchangv anything that they cannot obtain coasvoiently they should advertise-Western Stutiuner. A Busluen-s Fimlt-r. cobwcbs--How do you tind business? mustie-Advertise, for it, of course. No amount of argument can suppress the fact that a good advertisement, rightly placed, in a business timler, and when trade is slow is just the time advertising should be pushed in the most careful and persistent manner pm- Iible. --Exehange. “Aid your dinner and lunch how Exvt'ntm‘s of tho t'HEuH- ol' Davin! Juckmn .lm-uzu‘ml. by! THE LOCAL NEWSPAPER I). LS”): The merchant said to his omce boy, "Pubticttr--1 and it l" "But . mm- am." said the little lad. "Will A link Add to your prom.” .-PrintW Ink. '; to Creditors. H-mHn ihisl btw. Malone & E Ilwir SHIP-i All thtlo. ti tl t hm: st' (tct WQ‘AWEKX ",r:', we have» .,' " Would inglnmtc that. rho willcontinuc tre Furniture/Gnd Undertaking Home“ esmh. ”shed tsyher father in Durham in "" mud will endeavor to give all old and new curitt in era the qattto entire subduction. L tar'rhe only Int-clan "on" in In“ u 3’) Furniture of the Best. Make AJAYAYS ON HAND. PICTURE FRAMING A SPECIALTY Ah Undertaking and Embalming on latest, prin- ciples at rewnnblo rates. is} lions. awn "In“: u; '13-". mu...“ , ,__,, . vigor and size to nhmnken organs And quickly but surely restores Lon? Mar-Mod in old or young. -- .. . . ., ---6 ”Mb... Duh... 11,001. run-h... munâ€"em‘gamm....:w; Foryialel y MAGFARLANE & CO., DRI‘GGISTS, unruly renown um ‘-.......,,__, Tr."" w . .~__,V Easily myriad in mt racket. Price $1.00 n PM” Six for $6.00 with a mile" guarantoa h, can or money refund“. DON'T um All hn'n'rlox. w lam; on hum: Typ,NS: 2r your druum hnl m _y,,o2tp?2rtXet'h9'i.MJ2f, K .NKXT BANK. ttt r _ --, T _ ‘(XX)®1 xxxxmw MISS SHEWELL Remember the tstand-opposite the Market. Durham. Heart Dim and Weak Circulation by ite peculiar itttiuence on the heart, arteries and new". It .150 nukes you healthy blood-Io u to we}: the W? ttttttrec,] __-- h A And will be pleased to quote [wives and show pm samples at. any time. Our stock is rumploto in all lines. and you will find the prices, very low in every case. This J',rf,rt',tt,", is In daily use In the great hospita I of Engla' d, Qmenc l and Getaway. The great heart speeUiisu lay it has no on! tot heart derangement or Bttsdguts 1l'rl',,ut',t'. II. M. gunk. Gum P. o. was "Genny and“ rpg,tc1.1e,t'tt'tt',',ttue,tg'ei. a... Ion 'mye-éeu Leee otf!til WA TCHES, CLOCKS. JEWELRY, tiiULAtERWARE, MISS SHEWE t L Howards' “and Belle! euro: -l'ULL LINE oF-- "ptiiaCt",'2.0Ct.dX), We Handle everything in the Barnes .4 1;? I line, at right prices. . J)f'aeftarlantt Durham, Ont. " IV if ijits i Bites, Whips i &c., IM. Heavy & Light Harness TO SUIT YOU. CALL d; SEE OUR 1 Collars, Pads, Woviotttturdtip Unmu‘pussed Fine Choice in Valises. Grips, Horse Blankets, Ike., am. We do the trade in Raw Furs. Highest Price Paid. The THE ONLY ABSOLUTELY RELIABLE PREPARATIONS US THE MARKET PLIISANT. PU". AND "I‘LTNFUL ?llllfllWllfl ' (lpidit 1lranufaetu'd on Honor &Sold on Merit England d; Russia. At each others throats would probably raise the prices, '///,.ts'/t,/bt' The Hanover ('om-i-yunm l" offers the following bargains : Tr:Asrcu,r: Rum ; lot. no, con. 2, WM. It. Bentinek. Will sell this lini- tl U :icrcsibr but little more than was paid a few years ago belon- lip. Teasdalebuift on it a large brick dwelling which he says cost HUI). Momma! FAIL“; at Lanilash, about l 97 acres, good building, close to Port 3 ()ffiee, Store, Church and School. i Will sell at a great bargain or trade. LEWIS Elm: FARM. townshipot'llolland good form in German settlement. , Will sell cheap or exchange. Con- l rains 100 acres, well improved. A 100 ACRE FARM in Beaitinck, pretty good lot, at say 8850 should bring 81200. Who speaks firgt? House AND Lor " Allan Park, tulle given away. comfortable dwelling, good stable Money tn loan at 5 per cent. Fire, Life and Accident Insurance, Ocean Tickets for sale. Debts collected. all bullies attended to quickly and pmmptly. C Jr. Jit. mm». Only by H. PARKER, Durham. C. LEAVE". , Jr. plWllii)Lllill H- mum, Medicines Guaranteed to (-uru Rheuumtimn. Sciatica, Llunlmgu, Gout and Noumlgiu. A suw cun- fur Headache, Dizzi nesp C1oiitiptttilstt, ludi- gestion. Biliousne» Brighls Disease. Diabetes. Paralysis Cottvuheionri. Hem! Disease, elm. Mn st IL " d. u. ck 00 as Int lo}! It. an: in Th ursd -wiotitw H Neatly prim:- ch SALE. ' cunt-r. l‘nll I per Ton n. Bream: F upon and qop Apply an mm THANK!!!" Janna-n will I: tawiatt ('ImH' (hing duo la Hood's Nttt health. Harv . Gorrdi I wo MAI! Dun. Days that. L treattut"tt I Yurk. us he "tfeqts " It l of whim. ll l mule Th" "and so" tatt't' a“ vit. In" [m "htso" MI he a "and will are ttot them an M I‘lumkrgivi Good lunch "ew Review n through th fatttottts [lit writ ?Gr'rtat in") I, p. III mm 3' 1 'oul ritsute IS slush” VOL... l'llr " LOCAI tl ll Hood M, Nude ttttttttl l and a cttb And Loni MOI! Maul $0M av, d l0 [mp null mm Hid