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r, " H l1: Ag One of the earliest cemeteries t' visited was in Ypres, where the first grave bears the date of October 14,1 1911, and the last December 81, 1917.] Over each grave is a cross and inn scription ttwine name, number, corps and whether killed in action or died of wounds. In some instances additional: arouses had been erected by friends or', nannies. One group of 'd2'g'i2,2l M a common cross and over the! graves was a may of Australia Ind 11 tit of Tammi. in a low relief ofi white stones. Until I was informed Frrtrtee-tttrt the world. More than “no: I have been over the hattle-scarrt-i Vimy Ridge, mode immortal by the Canadian corps the 9th of April, 1917. I recall one vast "at" that told of the absolute oblit. oration of those who received the shoek of tho explosion which formed it. " has been converted moat " tinzly into a umetery of those who perished there. A rrcumbent cross and Inscription. ingenious in concep- tion and execution. tell the tale. At another comanding point where the struetde wm acute a massive mom“ mont marlin the spot and records the victory. Behind the lines the ceme- teries are given the some thoughtful car as at home. They are grass sown: and planted with ftowers and shrubs; under the supervision of experts. I’ know of no city of the dead moral manly and Christian than the many that have been built along the western . battle front. I P"rttrtee--tttwt More than the bank-sci immortal by ttth of April. Pram reigned when had staggered and s No one could fai the evident ru'orcnc soldier boys Wete ls, was no touch of can forretNhtess r com t whose swift passage Frttrtee-ttml the we math the daisies a sunny jonquils of Pr: never be tranaporteit than that which they the red of thl-‘r own can afrovd to ,' ave th "atisraction. Lu: also' "If I should die. think only this of me: That there's some corner of a for- eign field That is forever England. There shall Hum: ME TNE, BODIES or worn,“ HEROES " tie in " torch be foreign but] My Brat sight of .0 had fallen on w in the early 3; walked over part So bad Slap With Greater Cal- Thart Those Who Rest Beneath GRAVESINFRANCE c. In Death Usuli, Med. the Horn» of Flanders. i In the hunt tor new sources of leather strange things are turning up. It has been ascertained that the skins I of frogs and toads can be tanned and turned to account for card cases and other fancy articles. The Government Fisheries Bureau says the shin of the codiiuh furnishes an excellent leather, tough as. parchment and very durable. The same is true ot salmon skin. Eel skins are employed in Europe tor binding books, and in Egypt shoe soles are made from the skins of certain titrttetg caught in tho Red Sea. Stun. seen skin affords a handsome orna? mental leather. and the hide of the armored ttartists is much valued in Europe, being covered with horny plates that can be polished to an ivory. like tittlsh. From points on the main Cordova- ,' to-Nomo route other carriers with dog _ teams start, serving numerous distant l villages. Thus, for example, mails for {Point Barrow (the northeastermost ' point oi Alaska) leave the main route at Solomon, a short distance east of Nome. From Solomon 8 dog team makes regular trips to Kotzebue, tak- ing the mails beyond the Arctic circle, 280 miles; and from Kotzeube another team starts for Point Barrow, 650 miles farther north. To cover this distance of 660 miles merely once might well be considered a remarkable performance, but the man whose dog team does the work has a coMract with the Pmstomet, De- partment to make three round trips each winter (from November 1 to May 15), carrying 600 pounds on each northbound trip and 300 pounds on each southbound journey. i The Ale-ken dog wants fish to eat, and nothing else autistic: his raven- ious appetite. m vastly prefers it to meat, row or cooked. Fish is what he has been brought up on. The nat- ural history books assert that the canine brute is an omnivorous animal, but this remark does not apply to the dost of Alaska. He will starve before he will touch anything of vegetable _ origin, even a biscuit. , Owners of mail teams tried star-vac ition, but it didn't work. The dogs,; I before they would consent to eat corn- meal mush or other such truck, be- came so emaciated and weak that they eould not pull the sleds. Dog-teams, pulling 500 pounds of mail each trip, give to Nome, on the northern shove of the frozen-up Ber- ing Sea, a regular twiee-a-week mail delivery over 1200 miles of trail through the winter season from Cor, dawn when postal service by steamer iaimpossible on account of solid ice. Dog-team mail routes in Alaska average 200 miles in length. In de- livering postal matter to the people of the interior last winter these teams pulled loaded sleds 176,700 miles over the trails of the frozen country. Letters Are Carried to Interior Ort ! Sleds Drawn by Dogs. l The mails in Alaska recetitly have 'been seriously delayed and impeded by a lack of fish. _ ' VThewdogs are fed on tuh, bought in quantities, frozen. But Itsttariy there has been a scarcity of fish. It is winter most of the yen in that Arctic territory, and during the cold months the mails are carried to the interior of Alaska on trloda drawn by initials, regiment, position of "Cl There is no more interesting spot and the nearest railway station. along the German border today than Those who have been for any length I the famous town of Spa, in which the of time m France and breathed the air g international armietice commission is of battle are more easily reconciled , holding conferences hmidst a drama- than friends at home to the seeming ' tie setting, which, were it seen on the slight to sentiment of leaving their i stage. w:'lld he recorded as a master- sacred duet unmolested in its fimt'Neee of .he histrionic art.‘ Here, in grave. They are among friends, the . the former seat of great German chosen friends, by whose side they I headquarters. representatives ot Great fought and fell. A common ideal Britain. France, the United States and beckoned them, a common cause united I Germany are meeting daily with the them. In life they were one, in death utmost diplomatic formality and deal- they are not divided. ing with the problem arising trom the -----i---- Teutonic capitnintion. The director of graves registmtion and engineers in London, in response to the request of the relatives of Brit- ish soldiers who have fallen, in pan- pared to send a photograph of any given grave. It is mailed in a card- board frame and on an accompanying curd is given the name. rank nnd initials, regiment, position of grave and the nearest railway station. on the subject I was puzzled to In" what tsuperstition marked may new (raves with on inverted bottle. I found that superstition playod no part in the matter. The bottle, being tho best receptacle for thy purpose, con- tained a paper of identification pend- ing permanent inscription. MAO, DELIVERY IN ALASKA New Kinds of Leather. Our mistakes co'ntribute much to tho wisdom of others. We thank Thee. For Peace, blessed Peace, which tol. lowa strife Relief from 'iiic'r'sstitmrs, ot pain, And tor the light which beams again, We thank Thee. Grmt God Who watched'st four long years The anguish deep poor man has known. Today, low kneeling at Thy Throne, There is no word of greeting and no pleasantrios are exchanged. and the business ot the day is conducted throughout with the same grim preei. sion. Just what problems are under consideration, ot course. is not a mat. ter for journalistic discussion. but. things are reported to be running smoothly. The German sentry at the entrance of the hotel clicks his heels sharply as the delegates enter or other omeerB pass. The sittings begin at 10 o‘clock daily. Prior to that hour the German delegates take their places at a huge table and receive the Allied oftlcert, standing. The latter walk silently to their chairs, where each delegate bows profoundly to the man opposite before sitting down. The Kaiser's headquarters. the Villa Nan-Bola. is occupied by the French. while the British are in the cottage on a hill which housed Lttdendortt, The United States representative occupies Hindeuburg's headquarters. The Ger. mans are living in hotels or are billet. ted about the town. The conferences are being held in tho grand salon of the Hotel Britanique, which was part of great headquarters, and in which the Emperor finally resolved to quit Germany. _ The commission began its sittings ‘just after the armistice was signed. At that time the enemy was still oc- cupying Spa. Since then long lines of hurrying and disorganized German trame and troops have sped eastward through the watering place. There are now something more than a hundred German oftietyrs and men in the place attached to General von Winterttsldt, who is representing the German Gov- ernment. These men came t in civilian clothes under (“my the Republican Soldiers‘ and Worlcaea's Council, but donned uniforms on their arrival. I To the conference the Entente rep. l resentatlves motor from their tempor- lary homes, which a month ago were, the personal headquarters ot three of the greatest tttturea in Germany in re- mmt history-the Emperor. General Ltgdendttrtt and Field Marshal You Hindenhurx. To add a 'tttttl touch to i the picture. while the main actors hold I the stage there pass and repass in the I streets remarkable lines ot super- numerarles. Grave-laced o in c e r I ' garhed in Betd gray. stalk about with tragic tread and salute with military precision as they meet other grave " I new wearing Allied uniforms. I lee Cinematograph Film. The Germans make their way unob- I tmsively through the crowds ot En-l‘ tents troops. No recognition passes| between these recenlty active enemies, 5 except perchance when the formeri salute oi'llcers. German lorries, flying .": white tlatttr, trundle on local missions 3 along streets through which Britishi troops and transport are moving onl their steady march toward the Rhine. l It is all like an endless cinematograph ,' turn, with never-ceasing attractions. I BRINGING- UP FATHER Allied Leaders Occupy Home: That Once Sheltered We Former German War Lords. INTERNATIONAL ARMISTICE COM. MISSION MEETS. ” HELD AT SPA We Thank Thee. E QM "f;,?:),) ,__. 1.: 'Y, (3,... Young fowl can be judged by the skin of its feet. With young chickens the skin is tend'er mid there is not much fat. An older chicken has hard and scaly skin around the feet. i The statement had been made in iAmerican newspapers that, by a mir. acle ot efrieieney, their Fleet had l brought a million and a half of troops {to this side of the Athuttie in tho , course of a few weeks. Deprived of her Fleet be-rmany sinks at once to thc position ot a sixth- rate naval power. 7 This is " tint. and go-ncrous tribute from the American Navy to ttts super- lative importance ot tho work which the British Navy has accomplished in the war, guys a London newspaper. i “We didn't," said Admiral Sims. "‘hut Great Britain did. She brought over two-thirds ot them, and escorted a half. We escort only a half ot the merchant vessels that come over." The reason. he continued, why the British have been able to do this is "bceauae, up in the North Sea somewhere. is lying the great British Grand Fleet. They can do this work because the British Grand Fleet is so powerful that the German High Seas Fleet has to stay at home. it a catastrophe should happen to the British Grand Fleet, there is no power on earth that can save us. for then tho German High Seas Fleet can come. out and sweep the seas. The British Grand Fleet is i the foundation-stone of the cause of] the whole of the Allier." Royal Navy is Eoundation Stone of the Allied Success in War. The American Admiral Sims, ad- dressing recently the journalists of the United States, tgaiti:---'here has been on idea in the American mind that the American Navy had been doing the bulk of the work over here-at least a halt. That is not correct. ,A leaflet has been prepared, and may he obtained free from the Food Board, giving a number of ways of preparing eodfish for the table. 3 The ttodfish is cheap and highly nutritious. Its palatability depends on the cooking. Canadians do not eat enough eodfUh and our present cod- fishery is largely dependent on for- eign markets. A larger home' con- sumption encourages the fishery by quicker rc'ums on money invested. It will also induce more men to go into the iisher.v--thus forming a nursery for the Navy and the Mercantile Man‘ ine. l The cod is native to both the At- lantic and Paeifte oceans.‘ In the lat- ter, there are. in fact, three varieties, ling, red and bray cod. The last named resembles the Atlantic fish. The fhnsh of the ettdfish is not salty. Fresh or frozen eodfish la as white and pala- table as lake Whitefish. Atlantic cod can be procured in ftrst-elass condition " far west as Winnipeg. Pateifie cod- fish is marketed as far east he that point. Dried, salted, boneless and shredded eodfUh can be procured any-, where in Canada. I Over 200.000 000 pounds of eudf1sh are caugln. by Canadian fishermen annually. This is by far the largest quantity of any Canadian fish, or in- deed, of any three varieties. Nor is this surprising, for eodiisshing early attracted the fishermen of the Bay of Biscuy and of the Portugcae coast to Newfoundland. Indeed, it was the pre- valence of cod on the Great Banks which brought about the fact that Newfoundland was the British itrst colony. - The bulk of eodiish taken in Canada is salted and dried for export to the Latin countries. South America. especially, does a large trade. There is no reason why our own consump- tion should not be as large. 1 New Food Permanently Added to the Domestic List: _ Codilsh has come into its: own in Canada during tho war. It has always been a favorite fish of the French and other New-Latin countries, both in Europe and in South America. It has. however, been one of the most neg- lected tish so far as Canada is con- cerned. The banks of Newfoundland are famed everywhere for their wealth of cod. but it is not so gnerally known that the Eastern waters of Canada contain an enormous quantity of this fish. In the last few months, under the stihulus given by openings being found by the Food Board, the eodulsh.. ing industry has made cnormousl strides in diverting some of its catch to the Internal market. l BUT GREAT BRITAIN DID! CANADIAN COD FISHERIES ,y There is, however, a special code for refractory midshipmen. For minor oneness they may be required to re- main on board for tt thted period-in other words, their leave is stopped. For more serious ottences the captain has the power to deprive them of seniority for any period not exceeding six months. It is only under exception- al circumstances that the "young gen- [ An omcer who commits an offence that brings him before a court-martial is liable to sentences which vary be. tween death and a merely formal N'" primand. For disciplinary offences the usual punishment is deprivation of seniority or a severe reprimand, with or without dismissal from the ship. 'r1ur_former sentence has the immediate exact ot placing an oillcer below many who were previously Junior to him. and also results in financial loss. The latter constitutes a more or loss permanent “black mark" against the ottender. Por grave ofreneest imprisonment or dismissal toe the Service are generally award- ed. l The most common ot these is "log- ( gins." The captain sends for the ship's Jog, and in the presence of the com- ,mander and the offending emcer, he [makes an entry on the current page, 'which might run as followe: "Lieu- l tenant x---- cautioned tor neglect of I duty as oMcer of the watch. The ot. iicer concerned is then required to I append his signature as proof that he _ is aware ot the unfavourable notation. ( in due course the fact is recorded at , the Admiralty in a volume known col. _, loquially as the Doomsday Book. Wine bills. too, may be limited or stopped at the captain's discretion. Another way in which he can visit his displeasure is by forwarding an ad. verse confidential report when an ot. fieer leaves the ship. or on other stated occasions. The ofBtatr thus penalized loses, as a rule, all chances ot early promotion or consideration tor good billets. ‘How Officers Are Punished for Mis- conduct In the Royal Navy. Although a naval captain can exact ttttquestioning obedience from all un- der his command, he has no power to inflict punishment on an otheer. In the event of an oilicer's misconduct. the captain must apply for the onen- der’a trial by court-martial. As a mat. ter of practice, however, the earr9in can apply to an unsatisfactory ottieer measures which are tantamount to punishment. It the ca.huretor is water jacketed make sure the circulation u good. Disconnect one of the pipes " the carburetor. Water should run free, iy out of the pipe and also out of the. opening in the water jacket. Some- time: these pipes have waives which Look over the hot air inlet to »..; '.". Lumber and see that no " can ew. ter it except around the exhaust pipe. If there is a cold air vent it shouid he closed. If there is no hot air pipe on the engine have one installed as it will more than pay for itself owing to the difficulty of evaporating the present low grade of gnome. Y . Then try the car on a level rout! at about fifteen miles an hour. Run two blocks chromed down, then open throttle tall the way. Car should speed up rapidly and smooth!y and engine should mt labor, sum. miss explo- sions, pop back at carburetor ct give muffler explosions. The air valve on high speed 16-] jpsment must be'chunged to the same purpose. Strengthen the spring and! ".sh throttle open repeatedly. ttl popping occurs at earburetor, mix-f ture is too Sean. If mixture trmelUl, swung at exhaust it is too rich. !' Helpful Hints. t With the coming of, cold weather one should make slight changes in carburetor ndjustment. Adjust the needle valve to give a slightly rich- er mixture. On carburetor: which have no needle vaive change the low speed adjustment to give u richer mixture. Try different positions un- til the engine pulls best at low speed. LOGGING THE LIEUTENANT. ONTARIO ARCHIVES _ TORONTO I 'T am sorry to say there are only tour 5 ot us left in the battery, ot the 65 that came over trom Canada with me at {the beginning. I hear that (a have got to take our turn tor dettiobtltrar. tion, but how long it will take it in hard to any. l am anxious to get buck. Best wishes to the trays ot the 118th l, Division, hoping to be back with them I. soon. Fitch-u cookers that can be bail: into Walla of houses have been invent., ed.’ - I was with the 48th tt Cambrai; and must say they did their work in splen- did order. :5; If you have detached wheels ve- I,jmember that the metal parts mi! ic i rust. trcautionnli.v, when you change ‘14!“ wheel, cover the metal Manet sur- ,.. (faces with grease, olhorwiu the de- itachsble whee' wit! no longer be de- I tumble. l "t have bean to Vinny, where the Canadians fought and earned a great name tor themselves, and the. monu- ment that has been erected there In memory of them Is a thing worth Hec- ing, and something to be proud of, and the cemetery there is welt cared tor. I' Gunner With a Canadian Battery Goes i Through Whole War. 5 To have been with the British at T Mons in 1914, and to return and retake ': Mons, with the Canadians. in 1918. has i been the unique experience of Gunner in J. Bowyer, of the 110th Heavy Bat. ltery. R.G.A. He was a British reoerg ivist and was called out at the out: ibreal: ot the war. He was a motor-i imam on the Toronto Street Ratiwayg :Gunner Bowyer was gassed in 1917. i' § In a letter to Secretary Gibbons, of the , iSireet Railwaymen's Union, Gunner iBowyer writes on Nov. 25: "You will ‘eee that I am " that famous place,‘ l Mons. I shall never forget when I was I there in 1$14, and never thought I I should ever see it again, but I thank God, He has taken care of me all 1 through the ups and downs since I left Canadian shares on Aug. Ilith, 1914. i was at Valenciennes a few days ago. _ where the Canadians fought the last battle ot the war and took 11,000 pris- oners. and now my battery is attached to a Canadian division that is going to march to Cologne, in Germany. I have been with several different Canadian regiments and we have always been, the best of chums. but I have not, met one soul I knew during my stay in To. , route, but please God, we shall Meet, when the time comes for me to return , back to my wife and child after being I away tor so long. i tic-men" an logged or tried by court- mnrual. The Admiralty In willing to make allowances for the vagaries of youth. Get into the habit of putting the gears into low or second speed when about to go down a long hill, even if you do not intend to use the engine .1: a. brake. Jt win give you a sense of security. As a matter of Net, the engine should be used Is a brake ea cesionally in order to save the brakes. Do not test the battery with n screwdriver. as it nukes too great a drain on it. Use I hydromater. If the liquid reads 1,275 to 1,300 nil is well. If it. gets down: to 1,200 have system looked over by on expert. and and the leak. If in a hurry to atop a spring from squatting ppm a link kerosene over rt, guiding the oil down the sides with the finger so it will run in be- tween the legves. Wipe " the ex- cess. Pour cylinder oil over the spring; the same way. Now shake the car, to the oil qrilt be drawn In 3:515}; ii/e wife and ieevent mou- ble. _ - Watch the wires where they fasten to the lamps, as the motion of the our makes them sway and may came a break or short circuit. A ttht,', tape wrapped around the wire and a plug that enter: the lamp socket will the circuhtion is my be jarred sink or they may clog-mod! This teat will tell you FROM MOMS TO MOMS. with I colt m"kTiiiiriii2:iie"l'i, 2nd E? End pkg-wards polish widt I The Pub Petit Journal, col-“IAN? in; on the documents, “wiles: "'thi. document eoturtitutes an indict-.mm of the Kaiser, the Crown Prince. am! his emu-ills, u well as of the late Count Tina/the chief ealprit in the neighboring empire. Tina has paid hit debt. It ii - for the Allies to make the other woundmla, who wid ihad it dtiBeutt to get defenders; eeyr, the their at..." Th WI: started as “prim planned but, inlaid of four weeks, it wu' over fogr years, And tho rulers of m _ may and Andria have gone. 4. That the Prussian General la,, calcuhting on the. unpmpnrcdnu,~ t , France with rlite. and howhc. .' . med,“ defeat France in fove weeks. 8. That plants were hid for th" Kaiser and the Imperiul German (m. erumont "to be In much surprise-l tya the otAer Power: by Austrian IN ion .. 2. “It " it I’ll Austria'x "hum of uu," Berlin give Vienna a frc.‘ hand. even " the risk of war M111 Rani... Revelations Which Fix the Guilt of NOW on Hun Rulers. New revelations giving a sinistm‘ insight into the plouimza of Berlin in July, 19U. come Jn otf1citU reports from the Bavarian Minister at Berlin to his government at unich. They Show. among other point: I. That “but; wore mam ut"". imposed on Serbia such us if wzza' known would lend to wur. be " “I really can't imagine that the war in over-it seems impoeuoNe. Noun I want to get back to civmun “fr i'." soon In pouible and get to work." "At present I um adjutant of the battdion, 'rnd consequentlv live wry well. Am leaving for England to- morrow for fourteen days' leave. and will be glad of the rest after what I've been through in the lust thrve months, over the top fourteen times in attacks in pretty fair. “Day nher tomorrow we move up to German territory. and hold a bridgehead on the Rhine. At pres- ent we are nest dencicnnes, a beami- ful city in n beautiful country. Yester- day I gathered a bunch of my»: and chrynnthemums from the garden of the Chute.“ de Montmorenty, where our battalion hradquaeters is. I live in the chuteau, and have a very nice suite of moms. I? Wife Batettt leather rul, we“ m frying that or rtsh pine a and. (not It. This let. steam pe Old no grease. matter“ was 1m mot-ebb inspection. After the , genus! Ind impeded us we closed all tte him. end he stood or. a wagon lent mid talked to as of our record (ht France during the last a years and i' months. He said: “the old 1st Bri.. Jnde have the but record of any bri- i cede in the British "my. They have ; never failed in en attack when ad- ivattelrte, and they hive never lost I I' trench} Then something very im- !prenive happened. He said: 't want I every run to take " his but and we i will have one minute of silent prayer. , to thank God for giving In the m rer F Ind strength to defeat and on eh , the German army that had threat nut! [ the world.' '; In sum Prayer. "There are t,000 oftieers, and men on mode, and for one minute "-9; one of us stood with our steel hel- meta on our one, our heads bowel, and I believe that a very trineece prayer went up from every soldier present. The general couldn't say any more. He finished up by saying: 'Men of the old let Brigade. my heart is too full for wordC And tears rollel down his cheeks. Needless to say he got three of the loudest cheers and a tiger the men could give. in: (Or the M two with, after ad- vsnchg " miles since Oct. 17m, worn to be impeded by Gen. Currie, tho boys' commander. It no, no it was a HOW THE WAR WAS MADE r, dtr dai/tk. “Hoatilities and at It this morn- ing. We got the name at. 7.80. Just ii I'd tiaUbed breakfast this morning I w“ culled to the phone. and the had major gave no the good news. When I told the men a cheer Wen: up that let the men a” buzzing. The bot- tation wu parading at 8, and when it was announced on parade a cheer went up that you could he" for miles. The men laughed. kissed, punched each other, and in some eyes. was th" odd to". probably a passing thought of some pat but htely. “We'vo had I rather thrillin‘ dny My, being ‘the day' that we'vo longed for for some years BOW. Tho {allowing letter bu been to- ccivod by I Toronto mm from " Ion-in-hw, Capt. Arthur Dru, writ- ten on Nov. 11th: Capt. A. W. Dyna Tel“ of Scene With (WWW $llllilrtNlmilt GENERAL (mum's muss? m -. THE CANADIANS “Oui brigade, who had been me. That the Armistice Begna. pe " lk ma In “a utr (I