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FROM ENGLAND ”HI. AIM}? 19" AV. " PEOPL. That Run. DUI R.A.F., iior/ ijirajiU paeiitsm ih England. Th? scars of the raids are hard to find to-day. even when you know where to look for them, but their memory is incl-cable from the minds ot the people who endured them. They failed in their purpose to zntimidote; thet hate Ye f" A raid on March 7th, 1918, killed hwmy and injured forty-tive. The last mid took pine on May 19:32. 1918. Of the twenty or thirty enemy airplanes which took part, ton were destroyed. Portydour mph were killed and 179 injured. ", _ on February 16th, and 17th twenty- seven were killed and seventeen in- January 28th, 1918 saw one of the most hearttendintt of all the we: pcrpetvatcd by Wt. Altogether fifty-eight people were killed and 173 the nearest thing to an historic!, ' Various Theories. loss, next to the bomb which lit near} What actually occurred will the ancient St. Marmsret's Chureh,ibe known with abs Ate oer clove to the Abbey, was caused by’ but the charge of the critics a bomb which fell in Lincoln's Inn Admiralty has always been th on October 13th. 1915. It fell near flash tight doors of the amt the Inigo Jones Chapel, and -hed, hoists were at fault, and that some seventeenth century windows. ' 'ttr, in the ':rerat'i",t.'t',f 'e, . . s e s communicate wit t e First of Daylight Raids. Lines and resulted in the destl The first of the daylight raids took _ of tho ships. place on June 13th, 1917, fifteen; That is one theory, but it is m planes coming over in sunny noondtsr., than a theory, and there is l On this occasion the poor districts of ' presumptive evidence in favor l the east end and" south side were} other. Explosions preceded the visited, and 104 people were killed! ing of each cruiser-that is kn and 423 injured. Of those killed and but there is very high author'r injured. 120 were children (the belief that the explosions d On July 7th, 1917, when the GP.0. take place in the magazines. was hit, GU were killed and 139 in-l Armin it Inn-t ha “Alan-A A... ‘e Stock Exchange, one bomb falling within two hundred yards of the ttmt mentioned building. Great excite- ment was occnsioned by this raid, " tor the first time the Zappa were clearly seen. " hve hundred ylrds. Ten persons were killed and forty-three injured in that raid. On the night of the Mh many city warehouses were des- troyed, including one silk warehouse, where alone the damage was $100,- 000. An effort was apparently made m get the Bank of England and the dime. a bomb fell on a Canadian camp, killing fourteen. Pint. Bonk- Fatt. Th, first of the raids took place on May 3ist, 1915, when a Zeppelin up- peared over London and six persons were killed. On September 8th, 1915, occurred the most destructive of all the " raids from the standpoint of money You. Fires were started and pro- perty otherwise destroyed to the value. of $10,000,000 in the one night. The night before three Zeppelin, had appeared, and one of tl ped missed the Tower straph Omce in the G.P.0. sutured eonsueratrle loss to plant, though the system was not much interfered with. Yr: none of these cases was the rum- tary advantage of any considerable tmportance. In one one, at Sham.. VEIL (lf WAR’S airplanes appeared over the outlying 'lintriets of London, and that a certain number of peoph'bad been killed and Fniurml. Ocuionally the veil was lifted to some extent. as. for imtanee, when we were supplied with detaila of :hn slaughter of the, innocent. in Hm, Poplar School infant clan. But Wu were told little of the places which had been damaged, of people Madden to death in the panic wromble for shelter. or the terror inspired by hours of bombing. Now that the veil he: been lifted, it ran be said that at most in four of the fourteen chief raids was any damage of military importance done. fone of these occaaions waa when a Mm!» fell on part of the arsenal at Vv'quwk-h, in October. 1916, doing damage to stores and machine mm It was on September 4th, 1917, m. Cleopatra's Needle on the Em- mkment was chipped. In this raid oven persons were killed and sixty- '0 injured. ltn September 24th, 1917, the Huns nrly not the House of Parliament, bomb dropping into the Thames, ongside and throwing up a column water sixty feet high. In this mid teen were killed and seventy in., range m more: and machine gun ctory. Another was in June, 1911', an the Liverpool street station was mlmd, and the third in July. of the mo year. when the Central Tele- 'aph Omee in the C.P.O. suffered e bombs drop- of London by Again it must be pointed out that no unchallengeable evidence exists. but the second theory of the cause of these grave disasters is that, in de- fiance of all rules and regulations, but animated by intense zeal and ani- mosity and anxiety, the "ieers res- ponsible, in preparing for immediate action, had assemb2ed in the turrets the cordite which should have come up the hoists as required for serving out the charge of the critics of the Admiralty has always been that the flash tight doors of the ammunition hoists were at fault, and that explo- sions in the turrets caused by enemy shells communicated with the maga- zines and resulted in the destruction of the ships. _ That is one theory, but it is no more than a theory, and there is strong presumptive evidence in favor of an- other. Explosions preceded the-sink- ing of each cruiser-that is known-- but there is very high authority for the belief that the explosions did not take place in the magazines. tle cruisers T"ii The tsinking of the Queen Mary, with 1,550 lives; the Indefatigable, with 962 lives, and the Invincible, with 968 lives, off Jutland, on May RI, 1916, has never been explained. The Admiralty has remained silent, and it was a noticeable feature of Lord Jellieoe's and Sir David Beatty's despatehes that no'account was given of the and of these three mighty bat- Theory That Vessels Were Sunk by Assembling Cordite in Turrets in Defiance of the Regulations. One of the great mysteries of the war is the loss of Admiral Beatty's three great battle cruisers --the Queen Mary, the Indefatitrabie and the In- vitutible--in the battle of Jutland. Two of these maguifieent fighting ships were lost early in the engage- ment within a few minutes of each other, the third being sunk later in the day. 'All three sank with great rapidity after being hit, the Sutures- tion being that their magazines were exploded by a lucky enemy shot. Various conflicting theories have' been advanced as to what occurred, but the Pall Mall Gazette professes to have obtained from "a source of unimpeachablc authority" an explana- tion of the true facts. The corresq pondent also throws some new light? on the battle off the Falkland Islands} and on other naval matters which] have hitherto remained obscure. L058 Oi,' 3 BRITISH CRUISERS AT BATTLE OF JUTLAND all OF THE MYSTERIES OF WAR Grape=Nuts as yogr cereal dish This standard food needs no added siweef.- en")? for. It IS rlc In its own sugar. developed from wheat- and barley by the .s,st'hiiil Grape- uts process of cooking. "Therds a JPeest?t Save Sugar by eéfing occurred Will never abs .te certainty, "th1trkety1tpe, Jhrod" " When criticizing much of the new (construction of the early months of "wav-and nearly all the criticisms ', have regard to the construction of i that period-it must be borne in mind Ahat the War Cabinet issued instruc- itions to the Admiralty in the belief that the war would, or could, not last lmore than a period very much less 'than was generally suggested at the time. Rapidity of construction was 'imperative, and desgns were adapted ( and modified in order that this might Ibe secured. It was only when it be- i' came apparent that the first estimates ', of the duration of the war were wrong 'that new construction entered upon; {another phase, and a policy was Tadopted which has borne wonderful i fruit in the shape of the British navy's ', ioverwhelming might. The German i Admiralty knew more than people at" lhome, and the future was destitute 3 of a vestige of hope. . l During the last four years between hfty and sixty vessels of new design have been built and put into the water, many of them multiplied by the score and by the hundred. The test of bat- tle has been denied, but their silent pregame has driven Germany to sur- render through despair. The men who have worked during these four years to prepare our "tsure shield” for its mighty task are of the Silent Service, but they feel very keenly the attacks, to which they cannot reply, of critics who do not know the facts. . The monitors, or certain classes of these useful vessels, have been des- eribed in scathing terms, but these "gun platforms” have done magniti- cent work. As a high naval authority remarked, "They were designed for bombarding the Belgian coast and not for pleasure trips." The submarine classes run from E to R, and there is no shadow of doubt that the vessels of many of them-big vessels built for offence-would have caused terri- ble havoc among the enemy's capital ships in a fleet action. ' i The value of gun power and speed was demonstrated at the Falkland Islands. By virtue of the speed of his ships Admiral Sturdee reached his destination in time, and by virtue of his 12m. guns he put down the enemy fleet. There was no element of luck in Admiral Sturdee’s achievement. Some day Lord Fisher may be able to tell how he knew of on Spee's plans; how, on the principle that it is useless to send a tortoise to catch a hare, he told the Admiral to take the Invincible and the Inflexible; and how, with a fine knowledge of the British sailor's superstitions, he ae- celerated the Admiral's departure in order to avoid sailing on Friday, November 13. i Among the experts who accept the theory that the magazines exploded there are those who are convinced that the magazines were reached owing to the inadequacy of the protective deck. This involves another charge, but in common fairness it must be recalled 'thst the Queen Mary, Indefatigable and Invincible, which were designed lunder Lord Fisher, were the firtst lbattle cruisers in the world, just as Ithe Dreadnought was the first dread- 1ii'iii'/t'. Speed was the main essen- "ial, and they were not designed to ifurht in the line at all. l Speed the Main Thing. ( Lord Fisher summed up his require- I merits in the words, "Speed and heavy 'guns." No cruiser had ever carried ,12-inch guns before.' At Coronel the fGermans overwhelmed our cruisers I because they had more modern, homo- ‘geneous batteries. The Good Hope Thad two 9-inch and 6-inch guns, but ',in the early stages of the battle one (ot the 9.2's was knocked out, and the “position was hopeless. The Sch'arn- Thom! and Gneisenau had 8%-ineh, guns. Big guns and speed were ob-‘ tained at the cost of, among other) things, heavy deck armor. l There were other considerations that weighed in favor of the design.| The highest naval authorities con- templated a certain maximum range of action, but the enemy had provided for a gun elevation giving a much longer range. A remarkable and lit- tle known fact is that a shell from the Emden struck the bridge of the Sydney at a range of sixteen miles,! The shot was a lucky one, but it con-l veyed a lesson. l the guns. When the enemy were en- gaged the turrets were struck and the cordite fired. War Longer Than Expected. "That officer there in uniform," she said, "was the trreat-trreat-erandfa- ther of the present owner of the pro- party. He was as brave as a lion, but one of the most unfortunate of men. He never fought a battle in which he did not have a leg or arm carried away." Then she added proudly: "Be took part in twenty-four en- tragemenu." -' . "mage'. mm M Garret in Can The wireless station at Gammon, Wales, has succeeded in sending mes- ugu clearly to Sydney, Australia, a distance of 12,000 miles. Wonderful! An Irish hpusekeeper was showing to some visitors the family portraits in the picture gallery The Inventor's First Weapon Was a Tin Pea-Shooter. When the late Sir Hiram Steven Maxim was a boy, opposite his par- nets' house in Brooklyn lived a phy- sician who had a pretty tservant-girl. It was the custom of the policeman on the beat to pay his respects to this maid in the evening. Young Maxim spent some time at an up- stairs window with a tin pea-shooter in his hand blowing peas at the por liceman. Finally he became so adept at the gentle art that he could hit the wall of the doetor's house above the heads of the lovers and cause the pens to drop on them. The policeman blamed a small boy who lived next door, and threatened to visit him with the vengeance of the law, and did his best to catch him; hut he never found the youth in POB- session of the incriminating shooter or the ammunition on him. It would bring no consolation to the soul of the Kaiser to learn the number mentioned, though it was big enough to be a fine testimonial to the efficiency of our anti-submarine Boti11as. "Yes, there's quite ---lying here- abouts," replied the skipper, indicat- ing with his hand a narrow stretch of sea. Vainly the tried to escape them by diving and doubling. Big cylin- ders filled with deadly explosive drop- ped from their decks, torturing the water into a boiling fury on every hand. This continued until the hun- ters were certain that they had made a "kill." "Have you got any others?" I asked. . "A U-boat, newly commissioned, and just started upon a voyage of piracy, had tried to steal past our drifter sentinel: in the darkneu. But the keen, never-losing eyes of the night watch “picked her up." Out went the call, and in response to it the hunters encircled their quarry. “She lies there," said the skipper. "Oil's been coming up like that for weeks. She must have been chockful of it." . "How did you get her?" "Depth charges." And then came the story: Leaning over the drifter's side, I could discern patches of oil rising all around. They came up in quite tiny points, which made big, many-hued circles as they spread widely after reaching the surface. - "The oil causes that," explained the skipper. "Watch and you'll see it coming up." Patches of Oil Rising All Around Showed Grave of Submarine. Surprise and a cheery call brought me on deck. For part of the "dark hours" throughout which the drifter had maintained her never- ceasing patrol of a stretch of sea where, according to the skipper, "you never know what’ll happen," I had kept a "wateh below," well rock- ed but quite cosy. If you stayed awake on drifter patrol while danger threatened you would never sleep at all. For danger is your constant shipmste in one form or another. "Would you like to see the grave of a U-boat.'" asked the skipper. "Certainly." "Right O!" The wheel spun around and the drifter, turning to port, tumbled over the wave crests one after another until she reached a patch of strangely calm water. THE FIRST MAXIM GUN THE TOMB OF A U-BOAT ONTARIO ARCHIVES TORONTO "A man’s real worth to humanity may be well meaayred by the concep- tion he has of the true relationship he should but to his fellows."-- George L. Wilson. 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A high explosive shell rudely; terminated the game by blowing the, antsgonists into the trench and scat-i terintt the chessmen. Unhurt, this! irrepressible pair picked themselves' up and immediately fell into , violent? altercation as 4 to the respective: strength of the positions reached be-i fore the abrupt stoppage of the game. I Thus, in the face of real enthusiasm, a high texplosive shell could stop the game, but could not decide the issue. The Liniment that Cures All Ailments- For Spanish Influenza These patterns may be obtained from your local McCall dealer of from the McCall Co., 70 Bond M., Toronto, Dept. W. This new chanisette dress has the overdue, pointed in front. and the long tight dnrt.4ltted sleeves. McCall Pattern N0. 8674, Misses' Dress. In 4 sizes, 14 to 20 years. Price, 25 cents Transfer Design No. 798. Price, 10 cents. shine streams, . They laid his body, when he died. ' ©httrtata He lived apart from hurts and men, _ And knew the friendliness of trees, . 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