H PROJECT TDER ZEE :t of hot wates fnd that the tove will look d gloves when the mixture i# on Twentyâ€" Half AS of t3 We have often wondered why so many of our farmers work and tug all winter long with great armloads of stalks, paying out long prices for getting this corn husked and the heavy The manure spreader is solving this problem to a certain extent, but we find that the manure spreader is not working out to the best ndva#tage upon many farms, and the seething piles of stalks and straw which lie in barnyards all summer long, â€"are of little value as a fertilizer. foronto Offce. One of the real needs of our farms toâ€"day is a more even return of ferâ€" bility to our soils. ars, as food arimals are high at the present time and pureâ€"bred animals are in great demand. Thisâ€"also offers a valuable method of maintaining the fertility of the soil from the use of manure. We believe that the live stock Industry will flourish for years to come and the farmer that devotes his snergy to live stock farming has a bright future ahead of him. | How to Reduce Cost of Handling Fodder. Another thing that has been overâ€" looked by many farmers is the relaâ€" tion of live stock to grain farming. This opens a new field for many farmâ€" 9e ht _ that all the One of these farmers will be dxs-| -"‘:i:‘::k::.u:tw?;]’(’es:‘i‘;eone breeder. satisfied and say that there is no!f‘“‘"ou must be on famt at the proper ie on is Sn t!‘“ portc sn time to finish up each cow. With some are no good, that l’ffl'ed : help is t-’)Ol we it is necessary to strip, but many expensive, and yet his neighbor made uf’ them, particularly the younger a handsome profit from his years}o s, will millk out clean if a little work, while he worked at a loss. We weight 18 Added to the teat eups, and say that the fault here is with thei:;;eegudders manipulated a little. Howâ€" farmer himself and that nothing but j er, if the attendant is not on hand un application of business .prlnmple35 e: tile proper moment, and the maâ€" to his farming will help him out ?f§ ‘hine is left running, the cow will hold his difficulty. _ The farmer that is | :he strippings, and much time is lost making money is always to be onl P ha ci stripping before it can be got, it the agricultwral meetings and farmâ€"| :}‘ i i1." ers‘ gatherings, seated well up in ‘?(‘)n‘: 'thing K man must do," cal. front, trying to get some new informaâ€" tions another dairyman, "and that is tion, while the fellow that is not doing | t! ke up his mind to kmep things clean, so well does not attend, as he is afraid I Xamilkir if properly cared for will that he will be criticized for his e ! roduce clean milk, but if carelessly showing, and so he goes along ycarf gaï¬d]ed it can become the very worst after year. We should all p.mï¬t‘from' uree of contanunation imaginable." the mistakes of others. Their failures | sw"’l‘he mature cow gives about half should be our warning signals and °"rl a pound of strippings, and the heifers danger signs. | farm accounting for his farm operaâ€" tions will soon see where the leak is taking place and then he will be in a position to remedy this defect. Two men on the same kind of soil and In the same season will obtain very different results in the same year. This was very forcibly brought to our atâ€" tention during the past few weeks durâ€" ing a canvass by a farm management demonstrator, who was taking records in the section where we reside. These records were for last year and were taken by the same man and under the same system and it showed that the one man had made $3,500 on his farm of one hundred and sixty acres while the other farmer on an equally as good farm of eighty acres in the same section lost over $400. ! The progressive farmer is going to find out just how his farm is paying him. Thus he can discontinue any thing that is not profitable for him. By the teem Farm Efficiency, we mean a system of farming in which the desired effect is attained, whether it be from grain farming, live stock farming or fruit farming. The aim of our farmers is to produce syfficient from their farms so that there may be a profitable investment for them, and at the same time maintain the fertility of their farms as the wideâ€" awake farmer can see the folly of robbing his land. | We have learned from our associaâ€" tion with the farmers of this couniry that there are very few of them who run their farms on a business basis. Every farmer should know just what it costs him to raise everything that he produces. He should know what every bushel of grain costs him, what‘ every ton of hay costs him and every | head of live stock that he raises. This . can be done very handily by keeping a record. Such a record is worth much to any farmer and it is necessary for; some farmers if they would be sueâ€"| eesasful, as we know that there are many farmers that are producing' some of their products at a loss and do , not know it, and this is the only | method by which they can determinel this fact, We know that there are f, some farmers who are making good' profits on some things that they proâ€" duce and losing it on some other! things. The farmer with a system of | The Great Weat Permzanent Loan Company. §%,% on Debentiras, Intorost payable balft yearly, Interest computed quarterly Withdrawable by Cheque. Paid up Capital $2412573 Ey C 4% allowed on Sevings Farm Efflmucy wsâ€"â€"â€"=â€"«* | Eve never had to sit and darn t Permanent | _A pair of socks for Adam; rpany. | She couldn‘t knit, there was no yarn 20 King St Wesy, | . Or needlesâ€"no one had ‘em. | Oft times with sadness I survey a Sevings. My mending pile so shocking, °bd .g;"'“" ind envy that first lucky dame _i, kque. Who never darned a stocking! are at work, and when you pick up a nail push the point and about a third of the length of the nail through the fat. Take care to get no grease on the head of the nail. A greased nail will enter seasoned cak or other hard woods easily. [ To drive nails into hard lumber: Take a piece of fat bacon and tack it up in a convenient place where you The successful herdsman on a wellâ€" known breeding farm believes "that many farmers imagine that there are no strippings, when the real fact is that they have left the machine pulling away after the milk ceased coming, thus causing discomfort to the cow and leading her to refuse to let down even to hand stripping." On the subâ€" ject of hand stripping, another breedâ€" er who followed it declared that noâ€" thing had prejudiced farmers more agoinst the machine milker than agents who claimed the machine did. not require to be followed by handf milking. Z _ "The mature cow gives about half a pound of strippings, and the heifers scarcely any," stated a Holstein breedâ€" er. "I believe the machine would take practically all the milk if left on long enough, but it would not pay. I find it best to have the udder worked till the cow is ready to let down freely before putting the machine on, and also to take the machine off as soon as it begins to milk slower thar" Il could by hand. Thus the machine is! kept working at its maximum all the time. Instead of sitting around and waiting for it to finish up a cow, I put it on another one and finish by hand." "One thing a man must do," cauâ€" tions another dairyman, "and that is make up his mind to lrep things clean. A milker if properly cared for will produce clean milk, but if carelessly handled it can become the very worst source of contamination imaginable." ‘ _A canvass of dairy cattle breeders handling valuable pedigreed cattle, and naturally extremely critical of all aspects of milking machine use, proâ€" duced helpful cautions. Many breedâ€" ers as well as market milk farmers now use machine milkers exclusively, and they can intelligently d‘seuss the ways in which inexperienced owners of machines sometimes make mistakes. The dealer or agent selling the maâ€" chine in overâ€"enthusiasm sometimes paints the milking +~process as so simple by machine an untutored child can do it, which isn‘t â€"so. Machine milking isn‘t a foolâ€"proof operationâ€" yet. We start our corn harvesting earlier in the fall, for we can commence topâ€" ping at least two weeks earlier than to cut full shock, and the ears mature and cure out earlier for shucking and cribbing. * We can store twice as much feed in our barns, and we turn the cattle into the fields after topping and shucking, so no feed of any value is lost. + 1 ]bundles of stalks stored for winter feeding. They are doing it all at a high cost of twine, of husking, and We have followed this plan fo: sevâ€" eral years, and it works so well for us that we are very enthusiastic about it, and would recommend it to others. As soon in autumn as we get the ears snapped we break up the soil turning under the butt stalks, evenly distributed as they grow, and thus eliminate the handling of this bulk two or three times during the winter feeding. barn mangers, and have no hauling in and out of bulky stalks. We have just completed the breakâ€" ing up of 20 acres where we have turned under the stalks just where they grew, and we do not know how we could get a more even distribution of humus, nor a better job of conservâ€" ing it. There is but little fodder of value growing upon cornstalks below the sar, so we get busy as soon as the grain is glazing, and with sharp cutâ€" ting knives top above the ears and bind these bundles into the finest feed ’mag_inable for winter feeding in the the added labor of handling these stalks to the feed lot and of getting thf.. residue back upon the fields again. Some Milking Machine Don‘ts Lucky Woman‘! *\ _ It is plain, from verse 32, that the °| three disciples were sleeping, and °) Luke says, "when they were awake, . | they saw his glory." In their dreams *\ they may have been prepared for V{ what they now saw, but it was someâ€" ‘/ thing more real and tangible than a ~| dream experience. The face of Jesus ~] was shining with a strange and wonâ€" ~| derful light, and His "raiment was ‘ ) white and glistening." Moreover, two ‘ men stood talking with Him, Moses, ll great lawâ€"giver of the ancient time, lumd Elijah, most conspicuous of the | prophets who did battle against Baal , and &ll his works. To their astonished | vision both the sacred law and proâ€" | phecy of their own earlier history bore | testimony to their Master and spoke % of His death. i | Though they remembered all this | long after and understood its meaning lbetter after the experiences of the | death and resurrection of Jesus, yet | at this moment they were bewildered. | and excited. Peter spoke, impulsively{ |as ‘xas his wont, but "not knowingI | what he said." Even as he spoke a | cloud of mwist settled upon the mounâ€"/ | tain and hid the vision from their | eyes. Out of the cloud a voice spoke 'declaring Jesus to be the Son of God. | When the cloud passed they were| | alone with Jesus. | It was an experience never to be forgotten. Each of the three Synoptic Gospels tells the story. The vision must have brought comfort and The purpose of their going into the mountain apart from the others was, Isimply, "to pray." Jesus sometimes went apart alone to pray. He may ;oftcn have associated one or more of the disciples with Him. The privilege !of those quiet hours in solitary places must have been great indeed. The place was somewhere in the foothills or upon the slopes of Mount Hermon. Dr. William Wright, who knows the mountain well, describes a place uponi the summit, 9,200 feet above seaâ€"level, which he thinks may have been t:heI scene of the disciples‘ vision. It is an irregular, angular space, four or five hundred yards from edge to edge, surrounded by a jagged fence ofi broken rocks. He says, "There is not another spot of earth so fitted for the | Transfigpration as that plateau, the | loftiest place on earth known to the men of the Bible; the land of Ism,eli' spread out below, and the vast kingâ€"‘ doms of the world hemming it round." , See Peloubet‘s Notes. | Witnesses of Christ‘s Gloryâ€"Luke 9: 28â€"36. Golden Text, Mark 9: 7. "About an eight days after." The reference is to Peter‘s confession and the conversation which followed. There had been time for the. disciples to think very seriously about and to disâ€" cuss with each other the things which Jesus had said. See Matt. 16: 13â€"28 and Luke 9: 18â€"27. For the story of the Transfiguration compare Matt. 17:‘ 1â€"13 and Mark 9: 2â€"13. INTERNATIONAL LESSON NOVEMBER 16. Stropping and Honing would be a thing of the past for him. That alone is worth $5,â€"the price of a Furthermore, in the time he now takes to get his old razor edge as near right as he can, he could finish shaving with the Gillette. & himself. i# If he used a Gillette Safety Razor, he would positively enjoy shaving every morning, he would look his best at all times, and there would be no cutting or chafing of the skin! variety of Gillette sets. See‘ him today, if possible. Safety Razor HERE is a nip in the air these mornings that must be rather sharp,to the man who scrapes his chin when shaving Any dealer who is anxious to supply ‘s needs will gladly show you a A U T U M N The Briiish are the greatest mutton eaters in the world, as 22 per cent. of all the meat they consume comes from the sheep. France is next with about 11 per cant. Canadians use only about 7 per cent. . Look at the wormy apples now, and resolve to spray next year. â€" Your Provincial college or experimental station will furnish you with spraying schedules. \_ _ One neighbor who had lost hogs in , a cholera siege before has now a . pretty good hoghouse made of cement. | It is made for keeps, and is tight. It ‘is large enough to keep hogs in day ; and night, and that is just what he | does when cholera is around. Germs _of cholera are carried by birdsâ€" sparrows principally, I am sureâ€"and( | also on people‘s footwear. A neighbor | will unknowingly carry them with ‘him, and may do it carelessly. The result is the same. Dogs are anotiWer ‘source of this traffic, and more dog \laws or more enforcement is needed. _ Now, I wonder if in two years or something like that the expense of invested in a place for hogs to treating hogs would not be better be kept when danger comes in the neighborhood? The man who owns them woruld have much better gains, undoubtedly, and a good deal more comfortable time caring for them than‘ without buildings that will house them. One county agent tells me that the results from treating last year show it to be 94 per cent. efï¬cie'nt.] That is splendid, and most of us know the results in our own neighbohood. Would not quarantine be as efficient, counting a fiveâ€"year cost? H The cost of vaccination is not great, but it runs up in a herd of 50 hogs. The cost of a building is rather big, but it lasts. Hogs have to be treated often as your pigs grow up and are marketed and others take their places. I am not personally able to say just which is the cheaper. ‘ When a disease particularly dangerâ€" ous to human life breaks out in a community, a quarantine is enforced during the time of its height. Why isn‘t the same idea right for hogs when the cholera is among them? It looks to me as though it is, and there is some evidence among neighboring farmers that it is one way of keeping down the dreaded disease. | *They shared His temptation and His suffering; they shared also the revelaâ€" tion of His glory, and the testimony borne to Him by their own heroic and marvelous past. So wrote Dean Stanâ€" ley: "O Master, it is good to be Entranced, enwrapt, alone with Thee; Till we, too, change from grace to grace, Gazing on that transfigured face." strength to the heart of Jesus Himâ€" self, burdened as He was and sorely tempted by thought of the ordeal through which He was so soon to pass. For the disciples it was not merely a spectacle staged for their benefit, but an experience shared with‘ their Master. i (GHZOas WORLD OVEA 569 The artist Whistler told an inquirer that he mixed his paint with brains. And the successful farmer mixes his fertilizer with brains. ‘ Has that been so toâ€"day? Sitting here in the twilight we take saner, more sensible views of life as it ought to be. We are sorry we made the misâ€" takes. We resolve that we will do better on the morrow. We rise from our evening trysting with the Great quiet all about us, stronger to will and to do. Blessed be the evening time of the farm. | We look out over the old farm, think what we have been doing through the day and ask ourselves if it has been done the very best we could do it. That is what tells the story of a really happy, successful life. To do every day‘s task so well that we have noâ€" thing for which to be sorry when night comes. For sometimes we get in a hurry; we skip over the little details of our work. We fret too much. And‘ the hurry and the worry cause us to leave a part of our duty undone or slight it unduly. ‘ as long as the sunshine lasts; but when night comes on, and we have rounded up the Igbors we took up so bravely in the morning, a hush comes over the earth. If we will let it do so, that calm will find its way into our very souls and cure many of the aches that have come with the passing day. There is something about the end of a day on the farm that helps and rests and comforts the tired man or woman who will take the time to give it play in the soul. We do get weary, even though our work does lie amid so much of beauty. Things press hard all through the day. We must be busy "That‘s it! That‘s it!" cried the spider. "Shake hands, Daddy Longâ€" legs, shake hands!" And they did. So you see both were best. That‘s often the way tith things. "I see nothing of the sort!" cried the spider, popping his eye. "Spinning was the best." Then both of them stopped short, ‘cause they both disâ€" covered something. "Why," said Daddy, "I see how it is. Spinning‘s the best for you, and running‘s the best for me." "Well, you see now," said Daddy wagging his long leg triumphantly "Running was the best." ty now!" onglegs. "Why, hello!" cried Daddy Longâ€" legs in surprise when he came up to where the spider was untying himself. "Why, hello! Thought you‘d be blown atop the roof by this time!" "And I thought you‘d be clear up to the clouds a web round a splinter, then round and round him so that he was tied fast and the gust of wind did not carry him on. When the terrific gust of wind had gone somewhere else Daddy Longlegs stepped out of his hole. "I‘ll just see what became of that foolish spider who could not run," said he. And the spider began untying his web and muttering to himself, "Now, I wonder what became of that silly Daddy Longlegs who could not spin?" And the spiderâ€"he saw the terrific gust of wind coming and he did the thing that he thought was best, which was to spin. Quick as a flash he spun Make your fall and winter months as profitable as your spring and summer. ayne se ol 3 7 3 prnailnnds, istutnctsiitatstfienals, uc lt s waa Mc d i oi While the prices quoted above are not accurate to a cent, they serve for comparison and show the enormous returns you can make from trl.p’ln(. You get as much and more from one large Muskrat skin as you do for a bushel of wheat, and ten or IWalÂ¥A Hmar‘a_ o1 j o_ _ _ " PCu 20 r0Ff & Just then a terrific gust of wind came sweeping around the corner of the porch. Daddy Longlegs saw it coming, and he did the thing that he thought was bestâ€"which was to run â€"and his long legs carried him safely to a hole between the boards of the a bag of potato parison. . Write "I don‘t have to run," said »the spider. "I sit at home and let other folks do the running. Spinning‘s the best!" "Running‘s the best!" cried Daddy, |h§king one of his legs angrily. "I‘m far superior to you," said Daddy. â€""See what long legs I have, and how much faster I can run!" "Spin?" sa‘d Daddy Longlegs. "I wasn‘t made for spinning! Can you "Flies and fiddlesticks," grumbled the spider. "What good is running? Can you spin?" Once upon a time a spider and a daddy longlegs got into a tréemendous argument. & 376 St. Paul W., "â€"\drorres When Day Drops Its Curtain. MR. FARMER! DOES TRAPPING PAY? Do not i# imuch and more from one large Muskrat skin as you do for a wheat, and ten or twelve times as much for one fox skin as for potatoes. All other lines of furs will show as favorable a comeâ€" Write us for price list and quotation on traps. HOERNER WILLIAMS&ON & co. said the spider to Daddy The Best Thing. Montreal _ Western Branch, 253 Princess St. Spoin‘s Distemper Compound C ® When your horses are subjected to changing weather conditions of winter and spring, their systems become Fun down, with the result thet they are very -u-co‘J’Ngh to Distemper, Influenca, Finkeye, Coughs uns Colds. MBE will keen your horse in good condition, so his system can ward off disease. Buy of your druggist. SPOERNM MEDICAL CO., Mirs., Goshen, Ind. U.5.A. WHAT YOU RECEIVE BETTER HORESES IP THEY HAVE Leaves contain relatively large amounts of potash, Use them as a winter mulet and spade them under in the spring. Blunted sewing machine needles may be sharpened by stitching through fine sand paper. Rainy days in Autumn are excellent times to put the tractor in shape for the next season. Sunshine is one of the best disinâ€" fectants. _ The importance of this task cannot be overâ€"emphasized, because unless skins are stretched properly they will not bring full market value. The drying process is not so diffiâ€" cult. _ Always remember that skins must be dried in a cool, shady place and keep fes away from them. Never dry skins in the sun or by artificial heat. They must not be allowed to wrinkle or get brittle, and if for any| reason they start to get too dry, mois-’ ten them from time to time with a wet cloth, taking care however, that this moisture doesn‘t remain when tl}o! furs are shipped. ‘ Next comes the stretching of the skins. Steel stretchers may be proâ€" eured for this purpose. Do not atâ€" tempt this alone and unaided or withâ€" out instruction at first. A wise move is to write one of the big reputable fur houses, asking for explicit and deâ€" tailed directions for stretching skins, and any other information about preâ€" paring them for market that you may need. You will find that the fur house is willing to help you at every turn of the trapping game. Also observe and adopt the methods of trappers of experience. \ Then peel the skin off gently, taking special care when you come to the head not to rip or tear it. Never cut the head off. After you have done this remove every ounce of surplus flesh on the pelt. ; The "open" method is used generâ€" ally on coon, beaver, badger, mountain lion and bear. With a sharp knife slit the pelt down the belly from the jaw to the base of the tail. Also make inâ€" cisions down the back of the hind and the inside of the forelegs. care and skill, but you are repaTid 5; the better prices that well skinned pelts will bring. Casing a pelt means that you peel‘ it from the body of the animal intact. Here is the way most experienced. trappers say to do it: With a sharp knife cut from the base of the taili down each hind leg to the foot. Also cut the skin loose about the eyes and | nose. Then suspend the carcass by, the hind legs and with a gentle, ulowi‘ movement so that you will not tear the | pelt, begin pulling downward, until you have peeled the whole pelt from the animal‘s body, If the tail is valuâ€"| able it should be skinned also, and the bone removed. , If you have never had experience in caring your catches it would be wise to have some seasoned trappcrr show you how it is done before you attempt it yoursglf.‘ It is a task that requires All the animals trapped in North America are treated in one or two waysâ€"their skins are either "cased" or taken off "open." If taken off open some are preferable fur side out and some pelt side out. Skin Your Furs Right If You Want Full Value For Your Efforts. The duty of the trapper is only beâ€" gun when he has taken his catch from the traps. _ An important task reâ€" mains before shipping the pelts to market, and that is to skin the animals properly. The HALLIDAY COMPANY, Limited HARMILTON _ racrory pistmisuro®s . CANADA THE TRAPPER, | Clothes! We think that to get warmth we must have welght. That is a fallacy. True, weight makes us feel hot for the time, but what is hapâ€" pening is that we are surrendering our body heat. Presently we shall be very cold. Winter clothes should be loose, so that the air buifer can form. Two thin vests, not closefitting, are inâ€" fnitely better than one thick one. Clothing, generally, should be of no heavier texture than will repel extra cold winds. All else is waste. The maâ€" terial should be wool, not because wool "makes you warm," but because it conserves the heat which radiates from your body. The entrance of dirt into milk is objectionable from <wo standpoints, sanitary and economic. The contam» ination of milk by manure may add organisms which are injumnious to health, | Do you wart to be warm this auturan \ and winter? ‘Then read on. Exercise is the thing! But it is not | always possible to get it, or enough of it. Yet it can be noted that the warmâ€" ‘ ing effect of exercise is not something |;hut passes quickly, It lasts some hours. A brisk walk from, say, six till seven, would find you warm at ten, | And if you cannot, by stress of weathâ€" ’er, got our for exercise, most houses | have stairs! And after exerciseâ€"or, better still, as its partnerâ€"comes food. Food is literally the body‘s fuel, and creates heat. But all food does not create the same amount of heat. Some lower it. In winter, the heatâ€"producing foods, like porridge, fat meat, dripping, stews, butter, bacon, pork, and oily fishâ€"salmon, mullet, etc.â€"should be eaten. _ Slow mastication, plus exerâ€" clse, will enable all these foods to diâ€" gest easily and warm th body. Exrcise, too, holds other than warm ing merits. It prevents chilblains. MHis notion was that when a man is content to be no better than his fathers he might as well be dead. And there is consideruble to be said in favor of that proposition. â€"Bruce Barton. ® | Other men leave nobler cities as a record of the fact that they. have lived. ‘Sir Christopher Wren was one of these. The fire that wiped out London in the seventeenth century was a , blessing in disguise, because the genâ€" ius of Wren created a finer and more Ilovdy London in its stead. "It is enough; now, O Lord, take away my life," he prayed; "for I am no better than my fathers." Elijah in one of his periods of deâ€" jection went over into the woods and sat down under a juniper tree. And he prayed that he might die. "At least I am leaving my land a little more fertile than the previous owner left it. I‘ve put the house in such shape that it will stand for fifty years. And every time a proposition has come up that would improve the town, I‘ve helped it along. To this extent, at least, the world is a better place because I spent a lifctime in it." | _ As he drove away I got to wonderâ€" | ing how much of the world‘s failure to | progress can be attributed to that | unhappy phrase, These are our kingdoms, and the fact that they are small ought not to excuse us from the obligation to imâ€" prove them just as much as we can. When I get to the end of m'y life I would like to be able to check over the record and say: Most of us work neither with civilâ€" ization or with cities. Our influence is confined to a little town, or a few acres of land, or a single household, Some men, like Clemenceau, and President Wilson, and Lioyd George, have the magnificent opportunity of lifting all civilization to a little higher plane. » _The answer to that argument, it seems to me, is that every man who amounts to anything ought to_feel a sense of pride in leaving the world at least a little better than he found it. All these things have been so in the past; our fathers managed very well with them; why should their cjxi_ldren want anything better? 1 have attended town meetings where it was the stock argument. Why make improvements" Why be so disâ€" satisfied with the roads, or the water supply, or the «chools? TORONTO things," he said. "I figure my place was good enough for my father and it is good enough for me." "Going to have a furnace, too, I see," he added. I said we were. When he spoke next there was a certain condescension in his tones, as if he realized we were making a misâ€" take and would like to have saved us from it. "Going to put all those three bathâ€" tubs in one house?" he asked inâ€" credulously. I told him we had figured it didn‘t cost much more to have all the bathâ€" tubs we wanted, while we were about it. A neighbor of mine in the country stopped by one day when we were making some changes in our house. He climbed down from his bugegy; and, being glad of a chance to loaf, I quit work to talk to him. Want to Keep Warm? It Was Good Enough For My Father. never went in much for such io WA «2 , d 46 E kasd I