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RBefore the creation of the Geoâ€" graphic Board of Canada in 1897, no central authority existed over the placenames of the Dominioo Every explorer and mapâ€"muker adopted su h names an. speilings as appealed to him, and often travellers caused endâ€" less confusion by changing all pre vious names in the accounts of their travels. Foreign explorers, also, visitâ€" in# unknown narts of the Dominion perhaps or "At formity _ Determining Our Placeâ€"Names gray «t W TV It is often of the greatest use to read books and magazine articles on winging, but let us bear in mind that it is of no use to read without di> crimination. The same truth applies to the hearing of singers. Do not conâ€" clude after listening to a prima donna, whose lower jaw wobbles when she sings, that the reason she sings well ts because her jJaw wobbies and that you must make your jaw do as hers does in order to make good tones. It you bhear a singer who holds high notes until you forget which ballad he was singing, do not straightway g0o home with the notion that you have found in this cheap method of gaining anplause the true key to interpretaâ€" ind applause There was once & young man who had a very round, full voice. He had all the mind and technic necessary to please unthinking folk, but he was not satisied. He realized that many other singers had something that he lacked, so after watching several of these and noting an occasional toss of the head and gesture of the eye he decided to incorporate these tactics into his method. But alas, it was invariably the unstressed syllable or unimportant word on which he elected to brandish or ogle, and so the last state of the winger was worse than the first. if An opinionated young soprano once fell into the hands of a new teacher. After she had perpetrated several of the "best sellers" in the operatic reâ€" pertoire of all divas she gave the teachâ€" er an opportunity to speak, and he criticized her tone, whereupon she reâ€" torted, "Well, my tones are good, and I know they are, because I went and heard Melba sing all those songs, and I made my tones just the way sbe did." Keeps Plants Moist. A double walled jardiniere to keep growing plants moist by capillary acâ€" ton through small siphons has been th Only Shifted Her Ground "Well, what difference has the comâ€" ing into great wealth made in Mrs. Gabb ?"* "Very littleâ€"gossips on the front worch now instead of over the back h a D h @1 were bottlegreen, architraves of crystal â€"the pret tlest ever seen. anopy and curtain in fairy glass was apun ; any â€"hued Venetians were drawn agin‘ the sun; illars they were silvered; of moulded glass the beams; ouse was blown of bubbles, my dear a house of dreams. stow names more or .ess Unâ€" y Canadians. One map apâ€" e name. "Grand" or "Elk" to the river styled "Ottawa" abaska" on another. Unt f nomenclature was one reaâ€" he creation of the Board. nd reason was to avoid the : duplication of names . esâ€" within the same province. In when the Indian, who did not field, roamed the woods and ‘ two lakes it a region were frout Lake" or two streams er," little confusion was likeâ€" is different in these days of avel. â€" Moreover, few people Hearing Singers. Glass Houses. Westminster Gazette made of Waterford, mdâ€"cut they were; h yellow Corkglass, 3 the stair; f Bristol; the doors iâ€"walking I came on it NAs a J ni® ird was informâ€" »lications of the only. but !t was was builded for d nine. xXan ample a board ciding through t names rivers ada should be neat; . open I fancied that e provinces 1 respecting limits. â€" A« f houses all of » twentieth in names the geoâ€" Canada White i8 10T |_ The function oi the board is not the naming of features, but the regulation | of those sought to be bestowed by ‘others. At the same time, it has striven Ho see that Canada‘s history is incorâ€" | porated in her placeâ€"names, as has been done, for instance, in the case of |\ the Thousand Islands in the St. Lawâ€" ‘rence, which bear the names of many | gunboats which sailed these waters in | the war of 1812â€"14 and in that of the | mountain peaks of the Rockies, which | have been given the names of eminent |\ Canadian fighting men and of battles in which Canadians fought in the World \ War. Information about names is very easily lost If not noted. For instance, the town of Weyburn, Saskatchewan, was named by the late Sir William Whyte of the Canadian Pacific Railâ€" way in 1891 or 1892, but the meaning y of the name is unknown. | The rules of the board include the ‘ following three which will give an ‘idea of its workings: (1) Whenever cordingly in 1899 provision was made for the appointment of representatives of the several provinces, which at the same time bound themselves to abide by the board‘s decisions. possible the local name to be given preference. (2) When the priority of a name has been established by publiâ€" cation particularly in an authoritative work, that name if possible to be reâ€" tained. (3) A name which has been corrupted or changed if not too firmly established, to be restored to its orâ€" iginal form. During the twentyâ€"five years of its oxistence considerable information has been recorded by the board relative to geographic names. _A start has been made with the publication of this in the shape of pamphlets giving the meaning of Canadian city names and a certain number of placenames in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. "What kind of a story did you tell your wife when you get in so late?" "Why a fish story of course!" Some people who regard animals as merely "dumb brutes" also assume that they are incapable of se veorely suffering pain. C mournful howling of a dog that now | and then stopped to scratch at tho; back door of the house. . On ;oing‘ down I found the St. Bernard again | afflicted with the inflammatory trouâ€"| blo. He had returned seven miles to the place where previcusly he had‘ found relief, and with appealing eyes and tortured cries tried, as best he could, to say: ' "Here I am again, Doctor! _ The pain‘s as bad as ever. or pity‘s sake, burry up and give me another dose of that helpful dope!" Another time when going to visit &| patient, a Great Dane came hoppingl towards us holding up one foct, and whimpering in distress. He stopped at onee when I called, "What‘s the matter, old fellow?" and let me look at his foot. The cause of his suffering was apparent. A big pin was buried to the head in his paw. Seizing it with forceps 1 plucked it outâ€"then _ you sbould have seen that dog!‘ Away he went with a "Wouf! Wouf!" of joy, runnifg in a wide circle, returning to my feet, wouflng again with happiness, until he had make three trips expresâ€" | give of thankfuiness, and then weut. on his way rejoicing. l Pain has been defined as undue pres-:_ sure upon senory nerves. .-\nimals'l possess these nerves just as do people, and also the cerebral centres to which they transmit their messages of misery. Some animals, however, are less "high strung" in nervous sgensiâ€" bility than others. The horse, for exâ€" ample, suffers more acutely than the cow or sheep, and gives plainer exâ€" pression to pain than do the ruminâ€" ants. Yet I have sem pain quite plainâ€" ty evinced by many a supposedly stupid, senseless cow. To the trained and appreciative observer symptoms \af nain are as noticeablly expressed by other "dumb" animals, But are animals dumb? They may D0 ANIMALS SUFFER PAIN AS HUMANS D0 ? not the e (Fhige e ometaaiiontinen e it Csxi. myge.il Om o. «â€"AND THE WORST IS YET TO COME "Marshal Petain, â€" rose farmer," reads the latest citation of France‘s iMustrions figure, who has just reâ€" ceived a gold medal from a French agâ€" ricultural society for cultivating a new species of rose. Visitors to the little farm on the French Riviera, who expected to find the military leader directing a squad of trained gardeners, were surprised to learn that Marshal Petain himsel{ does all the work. Early in the mornâ€" ing till late eveningâ€"whenever he is not assigned to military inspections of garrisons in the South of France â€"he labors in his shirt sleeves, a broadâ€" rimmed Panama supplanting his army cap '".V\','hen he bought the property just after the war it was tangled with By Dr. A. S. Alexande seem &0, no doubt, to those who, "havâ€", ing eyes, see not," who, "having ears, hear not," and the chords of whose‘ hearts refuse to vibrate in sympathy | when an animal is evidently suffering | pain. i _ Two long days of torture, which \could have been quickly alleviated by treatment. But the owner of this poor \suffering creature, like thousands of | others, has not read the symptoms ‘aright, has made only crude attempts \to lessen the lameness, and no doubt ‘ looked to nature to repair the damage. l Examination discloses that pus from a corn in the heel of the hoof has all the time been burrowing upward unâ€" lder the wall, and seeking vent at the | juncture of the horn and flesh,. The resultant pain is excruciating. Inâ€" stantly I administer a hypodermic People often are so thoroughly oc« cupled with their own miseriesâ€"many of them !imaginaryâ€"that they fail to note the sufferings of their "dumb serâ€" vants." Come with me, all ye who believe that animals do not acutely suffer pain! Note the actions of the work horee in this box stall thrown open by a groom. The poor beast stands there steaming with sweat, holding one foot off the ground, breathing fast through reddened nostrils and manifesting terâ€" rible suffering by his haggard face. His pulse, we find, is running like a triphammer, and the thermometer reâ€" gisters three degrees of fever. 077}7{6& long has he been acting in this way?" I ask. "I"ho attendant answers, "A little more than two days, Doc." GCâ€"tâ€" â€"well!ing+0 Petain Cultivating Roses. A. S. Alexander, Veterinary Surgeon. av-ldose of morphine, and in a few minâ€" rs, utes the sweating and rapid breathing se | cease, the horse gives a deep sigh of ;hy;relief. and the foot comes to rest on ng |the ground. Then, when the pus has lbeen liberated the hungry "patient" ocâ€"| thankfully starts eating feed. myi What plainer evidence of pain and to | suffering could there have been than er. | that shown by this afflicted horse? 1And was not blessed relief as plainly eve t manifested when the narcotic was adâ€" rfer!miuislered. To me the evidence was ork | conclusive, as I am certain it would by | have been to every sympathetic readâ€" ere ' er, and I thank God for the means He not ! has given me of assuaging pain. weeds and vines and several olive trees had been allowed to spread wildâ€" ly. But the Marshal soon restored orâ€" der and began cultivating roses on a large scale. _ Now he is engaged in grafting and is said to have developed one variety of blue rose which, unlike others, may be kept dlowering for weeks with a small quantity of water dally. The products of his gardens are beirg eagerly sought by Riviera perâ€" fume makers, who are proposing to orâ€" ganize a stock company to market Peâ€" tain brands, in competition with the classic names adopted by Senator Coty. The British Na;y possesses 18 batâ€" tleships, 4 battle cruisers, 2 cruisers, 48 light cruisers, 186 torpedoâ€"boat deâ€" stroyers, and 66 submarines. Are hogs dumb on killing day? Do the cries that come from the slaughter place denote pleasure or pain? Do they not loudly proclaim the cruelty of a man who has neglected humanely to stun or shoot the poor beasts beâ€" fore cutting their throats? Are those calves that being branded enjoying themselves? â€" And does nct that cringing, sweating horse, supposedly balging on a steep hill, up which he has failed to pull a heavy load, suffer from the rain of angry blows showerâ€" ed upon him by his brutal boss? Asâ€" suredly he does, and all because his ignorant driver does not know enough to grease the dry, heated axles of the wagon wheels. Note how that work horse thrusts out one aching foot as he stands "resting" at the curb. Watch how that other suffering horse constantly shifts weight from one foot to anâ€" other. Perhaps a corn is hurting; a nail has been driven too close; the P p® I pan tw + ** a few mlwihoot has contracted by reason of perâ€" d breathing | sistent mutilation in the shoeing shop, eep sigh of and squeezes the sensitive tissues and to rest oniorgans enclosed; or a tight shoo is the pus has | pinching; or a pickedâ€"up stone bruis y “pazient"iing the sole. The "pointing"‘ of the d . }sore foot calis for help. For goodness f pain and iuke, let‘s remove that shoe and stop _ been than the squeeze! . What blessed relief cted horse?, would result! TORONTO A business man said recently in an informal talk to his Bible class of young men: "My stepfather was unâ€" kind to me, and I left home for good when I was only eleven years old. My mother was a good womanâ€"I loved her, and she loved meâ€"but she knew little of the world and could not adâ€" vise me as an experienced father might have done. "For the next six years I mingled with all classes of people except good people and had every opportunity to become a tough and criminal, I wasn‘t a model boy by any means, but I never lost my footing. How I kept it 1 don‘t know. As I look back at those days I can‘t remember that I had the instincâ€" tive shrinking from wrongdoing that is the safeguard of some sensitive naâ€" tures. The things I saw and heard didn‘t disgust me. "When I was about seventeen years old a lad from the country came to work in the factory where I was emâ€" ployed, and he and I became intimate. John Wilsonâ€"that was his nameâ€"told me a good deal about his home, which had been a far different home from mine. John had had his share of tempâ€" tations, but he said frankly that he beâ€" lieved his mother‘s prayers had helped der whether my mother had ever prayâ€" ed for me. If she had prayed for me, she had done it in secret. L "One evening I went with John to; & religious meeting in a little Methoâ€"| dist chapel in the suburbs. Some ofl ithe earnest prayers I heard that night‘: | amazed me. What most impressed me . ; were the petitions for all who were | tempted, helpless, destitute, distressed, | ’l lonely or friendless. That seemed odd. ‘to me. I had always thought of: prayerâ€"when I had thought of it at !allmasr asking God for something we | wanted for ourselves. I had never i thought that Christians the world over Iprnyed for people whom they didn‘t | know but who needed God‘s protection | and help. And during those years of ( hardship and temptation such prayers ‘had been going up to God for me! lSomething had kept me all through | those perilous days! Something was |keeping me now and would keep me |to the end! God‘s people had called 'tGod's attention to me, and He had / been watching over me. "I think I learned the secret of prayer that night. Praying for people I don‘t know has a meaning for me. It isn‘t a formula; some one needs it. Who can say where I should be toâ€"day but for the prayers of strangers*" ‘ _ Would the lady, I wonder, deny that Ia cow suffers agony while hor horns |are being cut off with a blunt saw or | dull dehorning shears; or that an aniâ€" ‘ mal is uncomfortable, to say the least, | when hog noseâ€"rings have been insertâ€" ed in its lips or tongue to prevent seltâ€" | sucking? I scarcely think she would 1deny that acute pain was endured by | the bleeding bulls a humane agent ‘found in a railroad truck the other day with their noseâ€"rings torn out by a thief who had done that fiendish act to obtain the paltry 45 cents that each ‘ring wos worth! But day after day the neglected horse has to go to bed with his boots on. He cannot kick them off and soak his feet in hot water, as does a person whose No. 5 feet have been forced into No. 3 shoes. The woman writer of that unjust article has perhaps, on more than one occasion after hours of dancing, limped painfully, expressed anguish, and then thankfully pried off her pinching shoes and consigned her aching feet to the soothing tub. One would expect, therefore, that this perâ€" sonal experience would have taught her to notice the sufferings of the illâ€" shod work horse that daily, for weeks, has been pounding his aching feet upâ€" on hard pavements and can render ihimselt no assistance. The horse driven with a torturing tight overhead check rein or harsh bit suffers less, for the harness is removed after work, but the sqeezing of the contracted hoof knows no relief. But animals do not always loudly proclaim presence of pain or show it by readily recognized symptoms. Ofâ€" ten they suffer silently, and thus fail to attract attention. . Temperament largely regulates this, as it does in man. Never shall I forget the stoicism exhibited by a Chinese student I once knew. The delicate little chap re turned after an absence from class for ten days. At the close of the lecture I greeted him and gave him a friendly handshake. He closed his eyes, but said never a word until I asked him the reason for his absence. "Inflammatory rheumatism in my hands," he answered, and I felt sad over the torture that hand grip must have caused. "Does it hurt to put a frozen bit in a horse‘s mouth?" a man asked me one winter morning. "Try it in your own mouth," I anâ€" swered, and he turned angrily away. That is the answer, folks. When you doubt that an animal acutely sufâ€" ftrs pain, put yourself in its shoes! Try it on yourseilf! Something Kept Me. Old age is as inevitable as death and taxes. But the term "old age" is elasâ€" tic; some persons are old at fifty years; some are young at eighty. A witty Frenchman said once that a man is as old as his arteries, which is partly true, since the condition of the arteries is a pretty fair indication of the state of the other tissues and orâ€" Many physicians believe that the deâ€" generative changes that are characterâ€" istic of old age begin in the arteries and appear later in other tissues as aged (the aged as measured by diâ€" minished function and not by years) are owing to autoâ€"intoxication acting through many years; the poisons in the blood cause degenerative changes in the walls of the arteries. Another: theory is that senility depends on changes in the cells and tissues caused by a principle in them that leads in _early life to growth and in later life to decay. But whatever the theories, and there are many of them, they all ii lead to the same conclusion; depending \ in the case of one person on an inâ€" | herited constitution and in the cose,of | another on the mode of life he has folâ€" ‘ lowed, the period at which old age beâ€" |\ gins varies within wide limits, and, '|barring an inexorable inheritance, the 1 individual can do much to postpone it. ‘ Unfortunately, the time to begin is |early adult life just when old age | seems so remote as to be negligible. a consequence of the diminished supâ€" ply of blood and of impure blood, One theory is that the arterial thickening and hardening invariably found in the i The accomplishment of yesterday is | going to be one of the most valuable leducationa.l factors of toâ€"morrow. |\ Great progress has already been made lbut. there is much land yet to be posâ€" sessed. The secret of postponing old age . lies in observing temperance in the: broad sense of the wordâ€" moderutionf in everything; in eating, in coffee drinking and tea drinking, in sleeping, in exercising, in working and indeed in every phase of human existence. Athletes are not longJived; neither are those who are too strenuous in business, nor those who worry. The obese are usually shortlived for the reason that they are likely to be heavy eaters or to have defective nutritive orâ€" gans. _ Breathing fresh air day and night and walking moderately without missing a day are essential to long life, as they are essential to health. _ We hoar much talk at prize distriâ€" butions, public dinners, and the likeâ€" of the humanizing influence of music â€"but one often wonders whether those who use this expression really iknow what they mean. What is very ,’clear is that the humanizing influence | of music is to be found in a different !way from that of which these worthy |speakers dream. Music is a human ‘activity and it is not to be approached ‘in a spirit of mental idleness as a | soporific; it is not a species of vapor | bath in which our senses may wallow, ‘but it 4s an art to be understood and | appreciated by the alert use of our ‘ mind and the exeroilse of our intelliâ€" goence. Let us see to it that the founâ€" |dations of this true appreciation are \laid securely at the time of all others when mind and heart are responsible to pure and healthy impressionsâ€" namely in childhood. _ . Thus and only thus shall we be enâ€" abled to create a more serious regard for the art of music as & force in our national life, worthy of the exercise of the best of our mental powers, and also as a means by which those powers may in turn be developed, strengthenâ€" ed, and enriched. If you can‘t be a pine on the top of the hill, Be a shrub in the valleyâ€"but be The best little shrub at the side of the rill; Be a bush if you can‘t be a tree If you can‘t be a bush, be a bit grass, Some highway to happier make; If you can‘t be a muskie, then just be a bassâ€" But the liveliest bass in the lake! We can‘t all be captains, w« be crew, There‘s something for all of There‘s big work to do a lesser to do, And the task we must do is the near. If you can‘t be a highway, then just be a trail; If you can‘t be a sun, be a star. It isn‘t by size that you win or you _tgu« Be the best of whatever you are, Music is Human Activity. Just the Man Fair Stenog (in newspaper oficeâ€" "I believe my heart is weakâ€"always have cold hands and feet Whom should I consult?" Postponing Old Age. Editorâ€"*"The circuiation mapager, I Just Be the Best. we‘ve got to f us here; and there‘s bit of the _ ‘The outstanding quality of a strong, â€"virlle personality. i Never associated with a weak, negaâ€" | tive mind, with a person who lacks ‘backbone, but has no ion in his blood. That force which puts an end to arâ€" gument, an end to wavering, an end to doubt and uncertainty, When I take hold there is nothing to do but carry out my dictum. So constructed that I go only in one directionâ€"always forward, never back» ward. When I cast the die it is cast for good. 1 silence all suggestions of reconsideration, all bemptltizns to go back ward. That power which nerves people to undertake the things they are ambtâ€" tious to do: I buttress their ability, enlarge their initiative, strengthen their determination, and make them adamant against all temptations to turn aside from their purpose. That which makes people selfreâ€" liant, independent, and bids them not to look for outside help; but to find their resources where all strong charâ€" acters find themâ€"within themseives. The pointer and director of all of the mental faculties, Just as a chest of tools without a trade is of very liitle practical use to a man without the carpenter‘s purpose or aim, s0 & headful of faculties to a man without me is a chest of tools of comparatively little value. The leading factor in all victories, Coupled with sublime audacity, 1 have won many a doubtful battle against great odds, and have carried many a successful man over perilous crises, where hesitarion or long deliberation would have been ruin. A dynamic power. The man who is not polarized by me is like driftwood on the surface of a river, whirled about by every little eddy, blocked by every tiny obstruction.. Me is always at the mercy of the stronger current of other people‘s opinions, beliefs, and linnuence. He belongs for the time to whoever talks with him; he is the % echo of the man who had the last word with him. He is neve; captain of his soul, never owns himself, because he is continually swayed by outside inâ€" | fluences. Never mulish or obstinate, but aiâ€" ways firm, positive, because 1 think before acting. I know what 1 want and am never on the fence. 1 do not waste time shillyâ€"shallying, seeking advice, balancing opinions, or spliiting hairs. I plan my course of action, and then pursue it without hesitation or wavering. A printer‘s devil was the name form» erly given to the boy who took the printed sheets from the tympan of the press. They got themselves ®o be daubed with black that the workmenr ,’okluly called them devils. | _ Printing used to be called the Black |Art, and the boys who assisted thy ' pressmen were called imps. That which stiffens a man‘s backâ€" bone and makes him a force wherever he goes. No one can be a leader withâ€" out me, for I am one of the most imâ€" portant elements of leadership, I never besitate in an emergency; am never rattled in a crisis, but selze inâ€" stantly what seems to be the wisest course, and sacrifice all others; put out of consideration everything else which would conflict with 1t. An irresistible force. The steel tools driven by the great cams in our shipbuilding yards go through solid4 steel plates with as much ease, seemâ€" ingly, as the fingers of a cook go through yvielding dough, because of the huge balance wheels whose mighty momentum, without jarring or strainâ€" ing, overcomes all obstacles, I am the balance wheel of life, that which gives momentum to a man‘s energy and carâ€" ries him past all «bstacles to his goal. I AMâ€"DECISION, According to a legend, Aldus Manu tius, a printer of Venice, had a little Negro boy, who was left behind by & merchant vessel, to assist him in his business. It soon got about that Aldus had & black imp to assist him, and to dispel the rumor he showed the boy to the assembled crowd, and said, "Be it known in Venice that I, Aldus Manuâ€" tius, printer to the Holy Church and the doges, have this day made a pub» lic exposure of ‘the printer‘s devil‘ All who think he is not flesh and blood may come and pinch him. The people were gatisfi¢ longér molested the Negro | Their Secret. A minister of a rural parish, motor ing home one day after a round of visits, overtook a girl plodding along a country road, carrying a heavy bas ket of provisions. Recognizing her as a servant emâ€" ployed by a farmer living near his parâ€" sonage, he pulled up and offered her a lift. When he came to the lane leadâ€" ing to the farm, he stopped to let her get down, and she said:> "Oh, thank you, sir." "Don‘t mention it ister. The giw@ blushed prettily, hung her head, then looked up archly. . "Al right," she said; "mum‘s the word." Spraying Outft. A spraying outft has been inventeg for cleaning automobile engines with a mixture of air, oil and water under The Printer‘s Devil. Success Mag: preplied the min lad and n AZ zin@ T