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mok 3 Nas 1@arâ€" © did n for ough love bore they ning ther Sal And the ger KNOWLEDGE OF ENGINE AIDS IN CARE OF AUTO. l What makes an automobile go‘.’i from one to twelve of these cylinders Well, tho engine has a good deal to coupled together. They are most usuâ€" do with this matter. But what makes| ally found in combinations of two, the engine go? That is an important| four, six, eight and twelve. The origi-i story for the motorist. [ nal motor car engine was one cylinder. If the automobile owner has a As greater power and flexibility were knowledge of the functioning of the desired, more cylinders were ndded.! engine it will enable him to picture Toâ€"day the sixâ€"cylinder engine is the in his mind what is going on under| most popular type. the hood of his car. This knowledge If the operation of the single cyâ€" should increase his pleasure and enâ€" linder is understood, the action of the able him to take more intelligent care twelveâ€"cylinder engine may be readily of this machine both as to caring for pictured as each of the twelve cylinâ€" its needs and as to the matter of overâ€"| ders does the same sort of work, but working it. |each does it at a different time. If the automobile owner has a knowledge of the functioning of the engine it will enable him to picture in his mind what is going on under the hood of his car. This knowledge should increase his pleasure and enâ€" able him to take more intelligent care of this machine both as to caring for its needs and as to the matter of overâ€" working it. Then, too, this knowledge will make it possible for him to have an inkling at least of what any trouble is about when the thing doesn‘t seem to work right. The gasoline engine which is used in 99 per cent. of all automobiles in this country in its simplest form conâ€" sists of a cylinder like a stovepipe. Inside of this slides a plug of metal shaped like a drinking glass enlarged, which fits the interior of the cylinder anugly. This piston is connected to crank This piston is connected to crank by means of a connecting rod, which turns the backâ€"andâ€"forth, or reciproâ€" cating motion of the piston into a rotary motion. This is the motion transmitted to the rear wheels. Automobile engines are made up of Queer, How Mothers Are! Queer, isn‘t it, how mothers are? How peacefully content seem they Just to sit back, and day by day, Let others go the joyous way; Let other poople travel far, Let others have their smiles and fun, Help others get their labors done, Ready to comfort any one. wueer. isn‘t it how mothers are? Q H Land of Flying Animals. , isn‘t it, how mothers are? caring as to what they wear, iough they are so fair, so fair. how they work, and how they ring some little jeweled bar daughter‘s hair‘ How long they‘il sow nake her dress "Just right, you t _ a k6 4 *J eiAV Y Y g 3+ w c b\'\ 1P | ’ ‘: \ ‘,‘ ‘ ;{ J }; | '-.( > .," < J"\.f Ia it it, then, with eves aglow sn‘t it, how mothers are? n‘t it, how mothars are v will soothe and nur «nimals, but gliders. ing squirrel is said to be t utiful masamal in the wor that in the land where ma fly, birds often carnot fly i the emu and the eassowa tically wingless, and have ipon their long and . stro â€"cape from their enemies Like Other Tramps vs wou‘t work. ome are ‘bum‘ laws. raila there are at least twen of animals which are aviat ng them are flying squirrels ssums, flving mice, and ever ng ger.. This means that nding from the front t a membrane which en oat in quite a graceful to tree. They are not little care and jar! whatever thing they t of them shines ou ig "I" and thinking th which applies to the ." This means that hey make it ho w sM100 Mir| U a it least twen ) forg each are then be the strong chner many | fly atl owary an Cw ibles they the w a v tt the aill to 1 i The mountaineers of 1924 cannot follow the Chief Lama‘s methods. l'l‘hey must camp on ice and crawl up , snow walls against pitiless gales. The long route from Darjeeling is a test of fitness. The first stage is from Darâ€" jeeling to the bridge over the Teesta. ‘Then. up and down, the path struggles through a magnificent defile, on either To cause the engine to generate power a mixture of gasoline and air in the form of a vapor is fed into the cylinder above the piston. To provide this mixture a carburetor is attached to the engine and a valve is furnished which opens to permit the mixture to enter at the proper time. This valve is opened by a cam which is driven by a suitable gearing attached to the crankshaft. This mixture is compressed in the eylinder and then ignited or set on fire by means of a spark which occurs at the spark plug. When the mixture is ignited it burns rapidly and proâ€" duces heat. This in turn causes presâ€" sure on the piston forcing it to slide in the cylinder and through means of the connecting rod turn the crank. This year Mount Everest, 29,002 feet high, is marked for a strong asâ€" sault by a British expedition organâ€" ized by the Alpine Club and the Royal Geographical Society. l A Legend of the Mountains. P Mount Everest soars so highâ€"assert | the Tibetansâ€"that a bird flying across | the white ridges is inevitably struckl blind. The Chief Lama of the Rongâ€"| buk monastery once raced the prince! of evil to the summit. The Lama did| not suffer from blindness or breathâ€" lessness; a friendly sunbeam carried him, and, from the peak, he saw his competitor still struggling among the glaciers. \| The corners of the world have been drawn together. _ Adventurers have reached both Poles. The sandy desâ€" erts are fast surrendering their secâ€" rets. To Timbuctu across the great Sahara is a mere weekâ€"end tour for caterpillarâ€"wheeled motorâ€"cars. _ Only the great Himalaya, the highest mounâ€" tain range in the world, still calls in unconquered defiance. Conquering Mount Everist side of which huge waterfalls drop down creeperâ€"hung cliffs, while deep pools bar the way and have to be crossed by rickety suspension bridges. At the Base Camp. Mules carry the expedition‘s equipâ€" ment to Chumbi. Beyond that, transâ€" port is usually on yaksâ€"a kind of oxen From Chumbi the track rises in a great sweep to the Tang La, or pass, 15,200 feet above the sea. It was here that the last expedition almost met with disaster in a fearful snowstorm. It is almost as high as Mont Blanc, and marks the transition from humid India to dry and sterile Tibet,. Henceâ€" forward the only beauty is in the air, in the shadow effects of blue and purâ€" ple on distant mountains, in the iriâ€" descent splendor of the yielding sands which cover most of the dreary way. And every day the wind growls and howls more bitterly. About Kampa, quite@a big town, there is a view of Everest, still fifty miles away, but in the clear air seemâ€" ing not half that distance. From Sheâ€" kar, the last point where food supplies in bulk can be arranged, the march â€"and donkeys. In 1922 General Bruce was able to persuade the Chumbi men to travel on to Phari, and so eke out the available beasts of burden. Some 300 animals carried loads up to the Rongbuk baseâ€"camp. Man is Again Measuring His Strength Against the Blind Forces of Nature. Will Witness the Third Attempt to Scale the Peak of the World. This year the climbers may assail the mountain from different points; the long, rough walk up the East Rongbuk glacier may be abandoned for a more direct climb to the North Col from Rongbuk itself. Acclimaâ€" tisation to high altitudes goes on apace, even at 20,000 and 23,000 feet. In 1922 Colonel Strutt, who was not considered perfectly fit for severe climbing, stayed five days at the 23,â€" 000 feet camp without ill effect. proceeds across subsidiary ridges and passes to the Rongbuk valley, which receives the snow rivers from the great peak. Here, at 16,800 feet above the sea, 1,000 feet higher than Mont Blanc, is the base camp. Monsoons the Greatest Danger. The forward pilgrimage passes on to moraineâ€"stones on glacierâ€"and then, above a third camp, crosses 20,â€" 000 feet. The North Col camp, from which the main attacks will be made, is 23,300 feet up. Young climbers have been chosen for this mighty expeditiion. Past exâ€" perience proves that, after a man is thirtyâ€"five, his body does not easily meet the conditions of hard work and low oxygen supply. Gas cylinders will be used again. On the way to the peak, camps at 27,â€" 000 and 28,000 feet may be made. The party now attacking Everest is the strongest yet sent out. Messrs. Leighâ€" Mallory and Somervell, who made the great "natural" climb of 27,000 feet, are again to the front,. The new men have shown power to withstand exâ€" posure and do hard labor under diffiâ€" cult conditions. Given good weather, the peak will certainly "go." If the monsoon again interferes there may be some exciting moments before the whole party is off the mountain. Everest is no cub to be climbed and left in a couple of hours,. A monsoon storm may rage over a stretch of mountain equal to four days‘ hard travel! In this lies the greatest danger. Driven Back by Storm. This is the third expedition towards Everest since the Dalai Lama at Lhasâ€" sa granted passage to a British climbâ€" ing party. ,In 1921 the work was reâ€" connaissance, rather than attack. The northern face of the mountain was then unknown. _ Messrs. Leighâ€"Malâ€" lory and Bullock did much high exâ€" ploration. They found the Rongbuk glacier and its branch, the West Rongâ€" buk, both of which end against the sheer snow wall of the great mounâ€" tain. A rough survey from this informaâ€" tion suggested that a third glacier to the east imight 10* up to an easy ridge. To reach this the expedition retired â€"to the Kharta valley during CAt wrellingato â€"AND THE WORST IS YET TO COME IN RABBITBORO the first monsoon storms, then march ed westward. Chances of the Ascent. The expedition of 1922 was comâ€" manded by General Bruce. Its main base was in the Rongbuk glacier, from which three camps led up to an adâ€" vanced base beneath the 23,000 feet North Col. Tents were fixed among the snows in the col, and porters and climbers remained days together in the thin air. The actual assaults were two in number. The first reachâ€" ed nearly 27,000 feet, and was in an excellent position for victory when the climbers had to retreat. Mr. Morshead had been left, ill and frostâ€" bitten, in a bivouac at 25,000 feet, and he had to be brought to camp by nightâ€" fall. In this manner the East Rongbuk glacier was disclosed. For the first time a camp was made at 23,000 feet above sea level, on the snow ridge which gives access to the central peak of the mountain. Storm, however, deâ€" feated the party. A terrible blast made further upward exploration imâ€" possible. The net result of 1921 was the discovery of a new route, and a bivouac at higher level than man had yet reached. & The second party used oxygen to strengthen the upper air. The cylinâ€" ders were not entirely a success, but the climbers got to the 27,250 feet level and were within half a mile of the peak before they had to return. The ground in front seemed difficult, and the weather was getting worse. The climbersâ€"two Europeans and a Ghurka â€"nonâ€"commissioned officer â€" had already been stormâ€"bound two nights at 26,000 feet above sea level. A third assault broke down. _ The monsoon breath had softened the snow far down the mountain, and beâ€" low 23,000 feet a party of coolies were overwhelmed in an avalanche. Seven lives were lost. The delay brought down a particularly bad monsoon, &AÂ¥ high climbing was impossible. The party had proved that it was pessible to acclimatise at 23,000 feet above sea level, to sleep 3,000 feet higher, and to travel on the uppermost snows of the great mountain. These factors are of importance to the new assault. Messrs. Leighâ€"Malâ€" lory, Somervell, and Norton are exâ€" perienced leaders; their coolies will doubtless be the men used on the last expdition. There seems nothing physiâ€" cally impossible in the ascent. The difference in air pressure at 29,000 feet is a mere trifie less than 27,250 feet. The angle of ascent is not terâ€" rific. If the weather permits restâ€" dence on the upper snows there is no doubt that the party of 1924 is fit to wring victory from the hibhest Himaâ€" laya. f If the weather permits restâ€" on the upper snows there is no that the party of 1924 is fit to victory from the hibhest Himaâ€" This Year Veneer. ‘ I have one grievance against you| and most of your fellowâ€"farmers. It respects your own attitude towards your social position. I fear it all the more keenly because I fear its tendâ€" ency to turn you and your families from the farm. You are altogether too much given to look upon your position as one of inferiority to most others. Instead of priding yonrlelvel‘ in belonging to a profession which is at once the most noble and most necessary, you seem to feel that a change from it to almost anything in a town or city is a promotion. Your neighbors‘ boy or girl, who is on, the way to a professional or business career, is supposed to be acquiring a social status away beyond your as-l pirations. The lawyer, the merchant, the banker, the teacher, even the bank clerk or civil service copyist, you seem ready to admit is privileged to look down on you and yours. Parents who keep their children at school, allowâ€" ing them an opportunity to fit themâ€" selves for a professional career, are considered entitled to the highest commendation. They are "doing some-‘ thing" for their ‘boys and girls; they are helping them to make something of themselves." They are "bettering their position" in contriving to get them off the farm. And all this is so much the more remarkable since you must realize that a greater allâ€"round ability is required to fill your position than to fill theirs. Is it not simply a fact that a large proportion of that army of store clerks, bookâ€"keepers, business agents, civil service clerks were encouraged to leave the farm beâ€" cause of their failure to make good there? And of those who gave promise of real ability in some clerical or proâ€" fessional occupation, how many meaâ€" sured up to the average farm boy in the practical affairs of life, or could have taken his place there? There are hundreds of thousands ekeing out a livelihood in one or other of these occupations who would be face to face with dire starvation were they to atâ€" tempt to manage a farm. On the other hand, have you ever known a successâ€" ful farmer who could not have earned a very respectable income at someâ€" thing else? When this failure to appreciate your own work and the importance of your position as farmers is so general, is it at all surprising that young people grow up with an ambition to embark How well remembered and how glad That bhour when happier than a queen, A rosy infant son I had, When all the singing world was green; With what deep gratitude serene I welcomed my maternity; He was the sweetest ever seen. My little boy that used to be! in some other pursuit. At the preâ€" sent time, we hear many explanations for the tendency to abandon the land. Daily papers, weekly _ magazines abound in them; the subject furnishes endless topics for ambitious platform speakers. Generally they are beside the subject. They fail to discover the real cause. If you are making accurâ€" ate ohservations among your neighbor farmers, I have no doubt you will adâ€" mit that the real cause, the most comâ€" mon cause, lies hereâ€"in the fact that sad, Though proud these motherâ€"eyes had been; For brave and bonny seventcen Is not a saddening sight to see, Yet I have lost, long years between, My little boy that used to be! I see him now in velvet clad, And just a trifle vain, I ween, Showing his new suit to his "dad," As male birds their feathers preen; His curls had snch a golden sheen, And by his crib on bended knee I‘d pray God‘s love from harm would screen, My little boy that used to be. â€"Anne P. L. Field. Toâ€"day my tall broadâ€"shouldered lad, With such a grave, protective mien, I watched with eyes grown strangely Real Obedience. Fourâ€"yearâ€"old, to her favorite doll, the loss of whose arm exposes the sawdustâ€""Oh, you dear, good, obediâ€" ent dolly! I know I told you to chew your food fine, but I had no idea you would chew it as fine as that." On a Seventeenth Birthday. QPEN LETTERS TO A FARMER (Continued from last week) By Rev. M. V. Kelly; C.8.B the farmer‘s family oblige themselves | . to assume that their position is an h-! i ferior one. ] Now why does this sentiment so q generally and so forcibly prevail? What do you farmers and farmers‘ ] families see in town residents to conâ€" vince you of their superiority? Have|. you ever known them to do anything very extraordinary, anything far| greater than you could ever hope to| do, because they were born in a town |â€" or have lived some time in a town or | city? Do you actually believe that‘ ‘they are gifted in some inimitable, unâ€" imaginable way? If their ways of actâ€"} ing and appearing are somewhat d'l!-‘ ferent from yours, why conclude that you are inferior? What is it in them‘ that you are always taking off yourl lhat to? Try to answer this question | thoroughly. 1 challenge you all who| give it a moment‘s thought to say lf! it is not simply veneerâ€"because theyi are polished up in exterior appearance | you go on bowing and scraping mi thein, whether or not there is anyâ€" thing beneath their appearance. It ls! announced that a new bank clerk has | come to town. When the whole truth | Ils known, his father‘s influence perâ€"‘ ‘haps secured the position because he‘ had tried and failed in almost everyâ€" .thing else; but he dresses beautifully . | and bows gracefully and you are flatâ€" tered to death in having made his acâ€"‘ quaintance or because he condescends to notice you. | It happens that the labor such are engaged in will not harden their hands. They are indoors and their complexions escape being tarned in the sun. They probably spend more money on cosmetics and more time applying them than you. Perhaps also they have acquired some of the smart expressions of the passing hour and exhibit an elegance in dancing the country person has not fully learned to imitate. I ask you to say, honestly, whether it is not just this equipment which makes the impression, and causes you all to feel embarrassed in their presence. > What a tragedy that your boys and girls should allow themselves to be deceived by such trifling vanities, by such empty nothings; that the young people who are the one persevering hope of the nationâ€"the young men and women who are earnest, capable, endowed with sterling character, full of promise, sons and daughters of the men and women who have made the country what it isâ€"should fail to reâ€" cognize their own true greatness, should allow their nobler aspirations to be forgotten, should fail to discover the value of the state and occupations which made them the people of worth that they are, and should fall down in adulation before those whose position enables them to add a few frills to their outward appearance! Is it not really time that the farming comâ€" munity had learned to assert themâ€" selves? The Spring Cleaning. Hubbyâ€""Now you‘ve cleaned me out pretty thoroughly for Easter, what‘s your next?" Witeâ€""The rugs! 6 4 A M & N‘â€".â€"‘ C\ 4. By Lereine Ballantyne. Over a white road And far away, Where dreamâ€"Jland beckons At close of day; The bright sun goes And shadows creep, And the moon peeps out To vigil keep. Over a white road Where fairies call, The sandman gets you In spite of all. Over a White Road. (To be continued) TORONTO A Poem You Ought to Know. What the Birds Say, Coleridge is the poet of slamour, as "The Anclent Mariner," "Christabel," and "Kubla Khan" amply prove. He had, besides, one of the most acute inâ€" tellects our country has produced; yet that he could write with great simâ€" plicity and charm is proved by the folâ€" lowing little poem:~â€" Do you ask what the birds say? The sparrow, the dove, The linnet, and thrush say: "I love, and 1 love!" In the winter they‘re silent, the wind is so strong; What it says I don‘t know, but it sings a loud song. But green leaves, and blossoms, and sunny warm weather, And singing and lovingâ€"all come back together. And the lark is so brimful of gladness and love, The green fields below him, the blue sky above, That he sings, and he sings, and forâ€" ever sings he: "I love my love, and my love loves In the dark ages abbreviated signs were much in demand for the preserâ€" vation of records. Shorthand was not invented in the days of the Roman Empire, but the "Tironian Notcs," a series of symbols invented by Tiro, were the basis of all the abbroviated charactors then used. They could not, however, have been very easily memorized, as apparently there was no definite system at work in their construction. Tiro, oneâ€"time slave, having acâ€" quired an education, was set free by Cicero, who made him his secretary and reporter, and grumbled grievously when Tiro‘s absence necessitated his dictating in long syllables to less goâ€" ahead scribes. | The mica frot amber in color, a | that defects, flas 'be easily detecte ‘tnd can be bert i without cracking According to old records, the Roâ€" man poet, Quintus Ennius, used in 200 B.C., a system of eleven hundred signs of his own origin, but Plutarch claims that Cicero was the first person to inâ€" struct writers in the use of figures and strokes comprising words and senâ€" tences, By means of these strokes the only speech of Cato the youngerâ€" that on the conspiracy of Catilineâ€" was preserved for history. Animal crackers, and cocoa to drink, That is the finest of suppers, I think; When I‘m grown up and can have what I please I think I shall always insist upon What do you chose when you‘re offerâ€" ed a treat? When mother says, "What would you like best to eat?" Is it waffles and syrup or cinamon toast? It‘s cocoa and animals that I love most! The kitchen‘s the cosiest place that I know ; The kettle is singing, the stove is And The eral Election find a knowledge of languages usefy‘. In the towns of L»ece and Reggio di Calabria a majority of the inhabitâ€" onts speak only Greck, while in other parts of Southern Italy and Sicily Alâ€" banian is the prevaillng tongue. French is the motherâ€"tongne of over 100,000 natives of the districts of Aosta, Pignorol, and Suze, and Gerâ€" man of some 12000 in Piedmont and Daddy and mother dine later in state, With Mary to cook for them, Susan to wait, But they don‘t have nearly as much fun as I, Who eat in the kitchen with Nurse standing by; Having The Natural Resources Intelligence Service of the Department of the Inâ€" terior at Ottawa says: Ontario boasts of her gold and silâ€" ver mines, of her nickel, copper and cobalt, but it is not generally known that the Lacey mica mine near Kingâ€" ston is the world‘s greatest amber mica mine and the largest producer. The mine is now owned and operated by the General Electric Co., who use the output in the manufacture of elecâ€" trical equinment. The property has by the Gener the output in tricel equipn been opened depth, and ; 25 feet in wi solid mass of man Oof ® Vonetia., «poken in German, Eerblan, Slovemian, and other Slay dialects prevail in the proâ€" vinces annexed since the war, where the inhabitants numbered 1,564,891 mt the time of the 1921 census. * And Daddy be m Natural Resources Bulletin. Italy‘s Many Tongues. aglow there i there in to see cocoa a: t for Animal Crackers. : me Coct te Sardinia on( )R ind animals waiting for al Electric Co., who use the manufacture of elecâ€" ent. The property has up to over 185 feet in ockets have been found the twilight, how jolly »nd animals once more said he would like to Christopher Morley Italian Geaâ€" owledge of rent, so pliable, shapnes largeiy mo light