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P League of Nations Writer Contends that "A 2 Percefit of Population" is All Army Necessary A wr‘ter in an English review handles the question of the reduction of land forces in an original manner which even if it is not immedlately practical expresses an ideal which is worth striving for. This student takes the stand that the existence of huge standing agmies Is one of the chief causes of war and that until those armies are materially reduced there is little hope of permanâ€" ent peace, He argues that all natlons mneed a small standing army and an eficient but lHimited militia. "Riots, general strikes, organized crime and rebellion are still realities which must be faced and it would be pure insanity to depend on maral persuasion to deal with such eventnualities.. But it certainly doesn‘t need an army of 2, $00,000 men out of a population of 40, 000,000 to maintain internal peace." He then goes on to contend that an army based on two per cent. of a counâ€" try‘s population would be ample for all internal protéction. _ Everything above such a fAgure he claims is abâ€" solutely unnecessary and is an incenâ€" tive to military competition. If this Aguring was literally applied it would give France an army of 80,000, Great Britain one of the same figure, Gerâ€" many 120,000, the United States 240,â€" 000, and so on according to populaâ€" tion. The proposition sounds at first fairâ€" 1y feagible but on examination many dificulties arise. ‘What for instance, Child Wives India‘s Curse Will Be No More of a new law will : Jaw will soon take effect, we axe told, and meanwhile it is being anatheâ€" matized by oldâ€"fashloned people who regard it as an unwarranted interferâ€" ence with religion and custom. While some British and Indlans in the counâ€" try congratulate the Government of India for throwing its welght on the right side of the argument, other Inâ€" dians deplore the Government‘s acâ€" tions in giving their wholeâ€"hearted support to "so wanton an outrage on Hindu as well as Mostem feeling." These discordant views echo and reâ€" echo in both Indilanâ€"edited and British edited journals, The enthusiasm of the reformers is reflected in The Peoâ€" ple (Lahore), whoso observations are here presented in a siightly condensed An Indian View of the Ne and We Trust, Enforceable Legislation Makes Cheerâ€" ful Reading ime bill by sixtyâ€"seven voles against fourteen inaugurates a new epoch in social reform in this country. ° "It is sald by criticaâ€"the bill was passed with the ald of offcial and Enropean votes. The fact is it would have been passed much earlter it European and official votes had not ebstructed its passage,. . On the preâ€" sent occasion the bill would certainly kave been accepted by the Assembly even if officials had kept astde. "The threat had been held ont that Â¥# the assembly passed the bill the Mosiem members would walk out in protest. The thrÂ¥Zat was made good, but resulted merely in a feeble monstration by no more than ba dozemn â€" Assembly â€" Mussulmans. mumber of Meslems who voted for bill was muth greater than that of walkerzout, though not greater : those voting against it. "New there can be little doubt: 1 ple. R!g stand ~#o child ma against _ teaching theory. There must yond which the mo ean not be respocted "Lives of womenm @&Bd children are mwore sacred than absurd injunetions cnptdned in texts,. Nobody objects to some mlf clingir‘g to the most preâ€" posterous of texts and tenets if the éeffects are confined to theso people themselves. But the nation can not be exposed to dysgente influences and to all sorte of physical maladies out of regard for the notlons of these peoâ€" ple. The greatest triumph of the Sar da bill is to establish onee for all that marriage laws gro not above, secular Interference." * The People‘s editorial writer thus gagos N NO MORE, 510 /d d he social reformer has India gains aga| the effact that the legislation to orrible ods," a Reduction of Land Forces 1¢ r the work of the indan Assembly just concluded The Sarda bM.to abolisb age is perhaps of greater than all previous social aletion. The passagze of sixtyâ€"seven votes against augurates a new epoch in An â€"avda or to interdlet But a text every â€" good W We b must be biftics â€"of some pe wrongly they. und« ent texts to emjo "SLAVES"* f India‘s hevrine M sncsitiegs...c ommc c ols degmengntts us he be of 19 ght it p r fo reason to he Indian concluded to abolisb of greater an 1nd i ho de would be theâ€"armed allotment for a country‘s foreign possessions and would France be altogether pleased with an arrangement which would give her late enemy even 40,000 more troops thain she poswessed? Whilst these and other obstacles would have to be faced the writer deals in a forceful way with what must eventually be the basis of the reduction of land forces. The idea of aggression and the idea . of ,defence against invasion must both be banishâ€" ed in international polity ff permanâ€" ent peace is to be secured. Aggresâ€" slon is becoming less and less a posâ€" sibility as the interdependence of states increases but the bogey.of deâ€" fence against inyasion still A4ooms large. Sev d It might be contended that there scould be no defence necessary if there was mo aggression but the present point of view of some nations appears to be that while they wonldâ€"not dream of making war on other states they must maintain big armies to protect themgelves from some malignant but unstated enemy. In thd meantime it is gratifying to rote that Teading journals are tackâ€" ling the great problems of peace and war with more directness and more gincerity than at any time in history. Such publiclty is of immense value to the League of Nations and all other agencies which are helping to wige the great war against war. abolish child marriage is bound to have: 3 * "The Sarda bill will obliterate the worst of the Mss Mayo evils in lndla.! It .will immensely enharce India‘s prestige in the eyes of all «‘vilized nn-' tions. It will, beyoud .doubt, add & | good deal to the national efficiency oti Indians. In its train will come a reâ€" vision of other aspects of marriaget legislation and all remmants of sexl dominance wil have to be replaced by | comradeship of the two sexes. â€" The] girle req‘:)néd from too early marrilgei will not be merely wasting time. They will equip themselves for a fuller life, | and their inffuence is bound to be fent in social politicgl and cultural fields." How indignantly the orthodox Hln-! dus regard the mnew legislation may| marrlage is enjoined by their religion.‘ So they regardâ€"the new Yaw as "inâ€" fringing the elementary rights and" privileges of a large section â€". his Imâ€"| perlal Majesty‘s Indian sub;ects."l Resolutions condemning the action of | the Indian Legislative Assembly were| passed at a meeting at Tinnevelly in southern India, which are regorded in the Madras Hindn: "This public meeting holds that marriage is a rellglous samskara (obâ€"! ligation or institution) for the Dwijas (the twiceâ€"born . or the three higher easts, the Brahmans, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas); that it should, therefore, continue to be performed according to the spiritnal texts; that no temporal legislative body of the State is comâ€" petent to make innovations in the said Samskara; that the Sarda marriago ‘bill is a direct violation of the rellgi-i ous and the spiritual conception of the marrilage dharma (religion) of the Dwijas; and that it should, therefore, be opposed by all legitimate and peacetil means." The ortbodox among the Moslems also regard the measure as an unwarâ€" ranted "Intrusion upon the customary law" applicable to them. Authorities on the Sherlat (Islamic law) cried themselves hoarse, but without efâ€" fect. Finding opposition of no avail, Sir Abdul Qayum, a Moslem member of the Indian Legislative Assembly, declared that "varlous discordant parties" in the Legistature had colâ€" laborated to secure its passage. That remark is taken as a text by the Briâ€" tishowned and Britishâ€"edited Madras " Mail for an ‘editorial pointing out the Canger of such tacties,. To quote: â€" "It must be conceded that in differâ€" ent conditions the collaboration which has made the passage of the Sarda bill possible may be,employed to wreck Mke measures, . or to impose rules ard moxhdee and conduct repugnant to the relffion of important communities. Fortunately the voting on the Sarda bill revealed no class or communal bias. Members of ~each ommanity were to be found in each division lobby vartous comimunities were represented among the "ayes‘ Democracy is motorionsly. . fickle, and democracy needs oftern toâ€"be saved from itself by the application of the brake of caution. Siz Abdul Qayum appreclated the dangor‘ of joint majorities,. . If he be able to communicate his fear (to those en trusted with the framing of India‘s future constitution, we may be spared the worst dangers of such majorities, and assured that every attagk on ousâ€" tom and social habit shall be as fully considered, nd as elaborately discussâ€" ed as the raising of the age of marâ€" rlage has been. We may, too, £06 & little more kindly consideration shown to those defenders of orthodoxy who are as sincere in thair beliefs as the most ardent of reformers." Mr. Borleyâ€""I passed by your place yesterday." Mr. Busimanâ€""I‘m glad you did." n ihe Sarda ommunal b ommanity y Ivision lop vere repres nd the ‘noe "Democtac f protest ag t over the c Iindus main rom rIn o he ' _Ur. Bmmidoges published réecenily, | on his «ightyâ€"ffth birthday, ‘The Tesâ€" itament of Beanty‘ (Oxford Universiiy | Press) a poem of 190 pages dediâ€" | cated to the King, a monumental work in which are passages of great power and sheer beauty. â€" The book is a poetle revolution, the foundation of a inew spelling which experts believe ‘ may revolutionize lHterature. England may be enjoying the last of her Poets Laureate. Rumor has it that Mr. MacDonald will appoint no successor to Robert Bridges, should his Government outlive the poet,. Mr. Bridges has found no inspiration in the births, marriages and deaths of royalty, the recognition of which was the designed function of the offfce, and was scrupulously observyed at least by Alfred Tennyson. Dr. Bridge‘s omissions may, however, be counted a minor offense in view of his latest activity. "There will be both savagery and war in the world of poetry," says the London Daily Exâ€" press, "and the strike will be encourâ€" > A PICTURESQUE TRAGE DY OF THE NORTHLAND Photograph hereshows bag of deer taken in the Upper Ottawa River Valley, near Pembroke, Ont fellows, no doubt, but macy disagree with their viewpoint. Poet Laureate Finishes Strong aged by none other th Bridecs, the Poet Lanr« with the Trappist M out benefit of comm, him, he has reopened reformed English spe "The Lavreate, silent so exploded a bomb under E'ng ture. + The poem is startling. At times it rivals Wordsworth in sugary simâ€" plicity sometinges it is as abstruse and tortured as Browring at his worst, again there are passages of such swet truth that the reader draws his breath. ‘‘But all through the poem, as if his pen were a lancet, Dr, Bridges has placed the Jangiage on the operating table and cut and carved at the spell ing. 4 The De ‘That "The idiom is psendoâ€"phonetic. Sil ent letters go by the bord. ‘Captive‘ is ‘captiv,‘ ‘will is ‘wil,‘ ‘there‘ is Writes 190 Page Poem on 85th Birthday e e eena e e eCs & ONE LADY BXHIBITOR ARRIVEs FOR bo6 show â€" * \iiss Taylor arrives at Orystal Palage, London, with her sheep dogs for Metropoliten end Essex Canine... Society‘s Champlonship Stow. < D B t Mu: mmit Surely We Can Take Exception to the Term "Sport" in Dr. Robert ite, the singer ." ; For withâ€" ea to support r1e"question of ng., and given ts long, bas ish literaâ€" Fl 1g Dr. Bridges, however, has achieved a great work. There are lines which will go into any dictionary of quotaâ€" tlons. "Sang his throbbing passion to immortal sleep‘ is perfect. "Has Dr. Bridges written a masterâ€" piece or started a crusade? It is for him to explain,." / ther," ‘steadfast‘ is ‘stedfast.‘ This new spelling irritates and jars like too much pepper in a plate of soup. "‘That where ther is any savagery ther wil be wor‘ is merely penâ€"picking at a platitude. Melbourne Argus: Mr. Bruce stands before Australia a beaten man, leader of a beaten partyâ€"beaten by . comâ€" pound of selfâ€"opinionated foliyâ€" and selfdnterest, _ "Who breaks, pays," has never been truer than it will be of those who have sacrificed. the plain vision of obvious facts to the chimera of hopeless expectations. Fallen from his great position, cast out of Parliaâ€" ment itself, Mr. Bruce shines more brightly in his determined and selfâ€" less following of the path of duty and the nation‘s true development than any of those who are now celebrating the victory. He leaves behind him & magnificent record of service and of achievement, but nothing in his carâ€" eer has more become him than his cheerful and unfaltering courage in facing facts and presenting them to ears however unwllling. "Hail and farewell," is all that can now be said to him. He is down, but he is right; and, being right, he and his cause shall rise again. A Square Deals at Round T Hong Kong Weekly Press: (Sir h w aemn aiiner enb vd ht S ABSLE 3 The council reported that many Robert _ Ho Tung .ha” a}p_peaxed 10 Canadian industri:’: employed me; Chiang Kai Shek, YÂ¥en Hsi Shan, Feng with specialized training for the first Yu Hsiang, and Chang Hsueh LIJADS ;nc quyring the year, aDd that A VerY to discuss their differences at a roundâ€"| small percentago cf this year‘s groâ€" table conference). .We fear there is : duating clasgses in sclence tfrom Can Hittte foundation. for Siv: Robert .H oladian universities have been obliged Tung‘s optimism concerning @A TOUNG ) to reave Canada to find position®. table gettlement of the differences beâ€"| caesal tween the Big Four.â€"men, who appear | o o e ~ to have.nothing in common but mutual | Sobriety and Prohibition dislike and jealousy. The aliternative is not necessarily warâ€"at least not qn a really serious scale. There are other ways of patchingâ€"up differences, and China mayâ€"we earnestly hope willâ€"be spared another disruptive outbreak of civil war. True, stch a settlement will leave the real cause of the trouble precisely where it was beâ€" fore. Until the armies are brought completely under civil contro}, the unâ€" happy people of China appear doomed to be helpless pawns in the hands of rival War Lords. . But how those withâ€" out power are to wrest authority. from those who have force at â€"their comâ€" mand is a problem as yet unsolved. Stanley Bruce TORONTO HIVES ablesg Technical Service Council . _ Reports Success at Annual Meeting Included were 40 v universitie countries, to Canada Many Graduates « Work in Canada ed to date Service Cc to continue IZ purpose of keeping Canadian tniver sitles graduates in â€"Canada jand <to bring the universities into closer touch with Canadian industrial, finar clal and transportation conditions. Among â€" organizations _ cooperating with the council are those representâ€" time during the year, and that a very small percentage cf this year‘s graâ€" duating classes in sctlence from Canâ€" adian universities have been obliged to leave Canada to fnd positions. Calcutta Englishman: Scarcely less significant than the recent growth of illicit Â¥nking in the United® States is the charge that.has come ever the social habits of England in the last fifteen years, during which period there has been a decline of 50 per cent. in the national consumption of beer and spirits. . . . The change is particularly noticeable to the.Engâ€" lishman who, after years abroad, reâ€" turns home on leave; he is at once struck with the almost complete abâ€" seixce of drunkenness in the streets, which used to be a familiar Saturday night â€"feature of industrial towns in the days gone by. Recently publishâ€" ed statistics are illuminating in this respect; whereas in 1913 the number of convictions for drunkenness in England and Wales was 172,130, the figure had fallen to 55,641â€"in 1928. EDC _ less than tw pose of keepi BriSh idian pC n Ihey w d by the nembers of' ncll unanit nd The ong ea n the Technical ously decided the scope of il was organâ€" s ago for the in nos LTAn§ good liong from ates dian "We have about five good traing out there for American toutists and the uth Africans never see the inside of hem>® he aid. "The rest of them Cannot compare with yours. I have heard people say that they do not like your open sleepers; thgy are used to compartinents, but that is aâ€"matter, of Itaste. In South Ajrica, husbands and wives have to separate at night, all \the ‘adies going in a compartment ‘or |ladies, where four or five sleep to |gether, and al the men do Hkewise. ’The_re is no privacy in that, and in my |opinion the Canadian system is much ea to purs. VC tached to" the r "Mrs,; Taylor | den, Ont., origh 'mired the Can: You have such Transportation as far as roads are concerned is far behind Canada. Farmers seem unwilling to give their land for a right of way, and the Govâ€" ernment cannot afford to buy the roadâ€" way, and %o no through motor highâ€" ways exist in the more sparsely settled districts. There are no concession roads there, for the people pay no land South Africa is not a country a Canâ€" adian. would like, acoording to Dr. Alan B. T'xlor, attached to a missionâ€" ary bunm.at Durban, South Africa, who is on a ya‘r’s-firl& _ The people seemed to be aff by itho climate, he golnted out, and some went native, They tried to bri:x out British soldiers after the war & setâ€" tle them, but the climate got them and the practice was discontinued. Now a man is told he must have $15,000 if he comes to South Africa. If he has that, T. Tayior pointed out, he could do just as well with it in the other dominions, The drought is a terrible thing, and four or five years of it in a row will clean a man out. I. he has the cash and stamina to hold out, he will recoup the losses, Dr. Taylor said, but many get discouraged and move away. LACK OF TRANSPORTATION. _ .A Dr. 'i'ayl;)r refutes the statements that the African railways were suâ€" perior, + o tax and got the land originally fjor nothing, hence their ability to hang on to huge areas. And the farmer as yet can see no reason why a road through his property would do him any â€"good. South Africa Has â€" |From Labrador _â€" _ theth out." _ Dr. Taylor admits he does not like the country much but so wrapped up in his work is he, that he proposes to return for anotber eight years and conâ€" cedes that he may possibly end his days out there. it a "mereens, too, which everybody has here, aré not known out where we are. We just have to put up with insects, because we have no screens to keep Misstonary Speaking of the political situation, he believes that Herzog has cut into the Dutch supporters of ESmuts for he seems to have many behind him who in the old days were back of the Bothaâ€" Smuts party. Of Herzog he said: "They used to say there were two premiers in South Africaâ€"Herzsog and the last man he talked to." fik . # Cape Argus: The task of the Disâ€" covery in gathering knowledge which may prevent the extermination of the whale is of worldâ€"wide importance. Norwegian whalermen, who have ofâ€" ten steamed into new seas during thelr hunts, declare that the vast waters of the Antarctic contain so many whales that there is no fear of the industry dying. They liken their floating factories to little shootingâ€" boxes in an enormous forest teeming with game, Sir Douglas Mawson and other scientists do not share this view. The ways of the whale are so little known, in any case, that definite information may be worth millions of pounds. _ (Since this was written the Disâ€" covery was destroyed by a gasoline explosion and her captain burned to death, Sir Douglas Manson escaped injury but lost the complete equipâ€" ment of the expedition â€"Bd.) Bombay Times of India: Scenes of! great jubliation followéd the signing of the Optional Clause by Britain and associated members of the Empife.‘ There were."talkie" camerasâ€"one of | the disadvantages of postponing the | event so long. . Morcover, guns were | fréd. This, of course, is the Genova‘ idea of converting swords into plowâ€"| sharee, ‘The practice is well known in‘ India, and so long ae everyone ‘bas ample warning few object. ‘The firing| of guns in peace time is no worse| than submitting to & flashâ€"light nbobl graph before the horeâ€"d‘oevre. Mre, Flatbuschâ€""Where have you been till this late bour?" Mr. Mat bushâ€"‘To the lecture as I told you before I went." Mrs. Flatbushâ€""But you couldn‘t be at a lecture as late as thiu " "ie . MeHhuck sumks o_ _0CCK fic Signing the Optional Clause USC I‘C Australian Work in the Antarctic g Few Advantages© 192»"***"" ~_~~ ‘ansrv â€" Doctor Finds: Some Grenfeu:smt Civ&n at no ~~eme Y is CA Kk WONDERFUL Hf Little to Compareâ€" With Canada You see, the lecturer etutter vanal 17 ew everybody has TELS â€""But| Little Vera had been behaving bat@ ite as 1y, and her nurse got more and more er, 1| annoyed.. SBuddenly the child had an tutterâ€"| inspiration. "Oh!" she cried, "now a ll know what a Red Cross nurse %." Bir hmnd Grenfell, who Iqliows Barrie, ng, and Nansep af Rector of St. Andrews University, delivered his inaugurAl oration recently, and he took "st. Andrew hims!f as his theme. Here are some of the striking things Sir MWilfred, said, taken Pom the M »U N6L O 0 2cÂ¥ hin m« man has the courage to say ‘I will or 4 will not among his comrades he has gained a greater esgential of the education which it needed to make him of. greater value to the world and himself, than if he kng more current sctence than most men could ever hope for." "At the close of a ¢linic in North Trinidad Guardian: Vast® State schemes, inolving raids on nauonal lsav!nn, have always taken a foreâ€" front in Socialist programs. No# . beâ€" |cause Mr. MacDonald‘s Goveritment has arrived in office with T; sury ‘flmcel heavily mortgagedâ€"and the public will have nomfipo do with a lcaplm leÂ¥yâ€"they ap to havéâ€"hit on the ingenions expedient of rai ing ;ham from induigent capitalists for ~showy works such as the Portâ€"oiâ€"Spain |harbor program. Instead of & capital :levy'. our money is to be coaxcd {rom us . by" State "Shargâ€"pushers." The "z-uhc thing is that many ol.the usâ€" vally conservative Trinidad capitaliste appear to have fallen for it Instead Of looking the Socialist "giftâ€"horse" in the mofth, they have been dettived | by the trappings. dress Cress: 7 "This patural world is unnatural enough not to run On logic, but on emotions. . What would the world be like if life were run On the absurd theory of the mathematician that two plus‘two always makes four? All the world‘s noblest deeds have been based on emotions, else why our Cenotaph to the willing dead? "It annoys us to think that some minds must differ from ours, as did the Pope from Martin Luther Of Charles the First from Oliver Cromâ€" well,. The world is slowly loarning that because two men think differentâ€" ly neither need be wicked." "Three previous Rectors have exâ€" tolled ‘Courage, Independence, and Venture. All these are certainly reâ€" quired If we aré to homor our Patron in more than words. For we, even in 1929, are forced to walk secing ‘as in a glass darkly,‘ by faith, not by vision, until by experience each one shall make that faith into knowledge, and so let it ‘vanish away.‘ "What experience has taught me ie that this faith is nothing but reagon grown courageous. "And I am comÂ¥vinced that when & ‘ __‘To St. Andrews science than most men could ever hope for." "At the close of a ¢linic in North Labrador on board the hospital steamâ€" er some twentyâ€"five years ago, & ficher lad of nineteen came aboard. No, he did not went any moedicine. What he wanted wag ‘Jearning‘ of which he had none whatevor. He would give ten hours a dayÂ¥ carpenter‘s work for one"*hour a day of teaching. That boy and his Labrador assis built every bit of it without aid outside." "The dirtionary says ciyiliz means an organized community duced to order. War is the noeg of real civilization." "Is there not a suspicion of imâ€" modest infallibility in our dubbing as either fool or liar so eminent an obâ€" serverâ€"of physical facts as Sir Oliver Lodge in so exact@ science as matheâ€" matics, because our eye cannot see what his eye has seen, though we must admit that his thinking machine has ‘seen‘ many other truths which ours will never be able to discern? "Surely revelation is not"a substiâ€" tute for slackness,. either of thought or of work.. . ... + & "What would the game of life be in a world where all the sport was comâ€" mercialized, and all the individuality which saves life from being a sordid tragedy instead of a glorious ficld of honor clean gone out of it?" "SBaint Andrew was an average man, a lovable, impulsive man, a man who never knew when he was slighted, and was always loyalâ€"to the last ditch; a man strong in body, capable in ‘business‘; of controlled will a man who with all our capacities for fear, for suffering, and for failure, made himself a world benefactor through all the ages by his sublime faith, He was a man who realized the importâ€" ange of each cog in the wheel, and so threw all he was and had into life. Yet he was m man who was perâ€" fectly content to be designated as ‘Simon Peter‘s brother,‘ just because his ideal was to be everybody‘s brothâ€" er. Shall woelaugh at him* Shail we merely acclaim him* Or shall we fol low him?" n NEECERCAR CCC His Inauguration at St. Andrews The Giftâ€"Horse m Herald" yeport aching. we opened a large hospital, built of and stecl, centralâ€" lit, with modern ry possible equipâ€" laberatory with olarium gown ward. vilization i ictures of J Hell Chief O Cause 18tv