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| & 4 Submarines and Security Not Merely a Scrap of Paper Guarantees against misuse must D¢ asked at this Conference, and we canâ€" not doubt that so far as signed paper can provide them they will be given. At present even on paper no guaranâ€" tees exist except what are impliedâ€"â€" and we do not underestimate itâ€"by the absolute renunciation of war unâ€" der Article II. of the Kellogg Pact. There are, however, such thirgs on yecord as the "Root Resolutions," which have never been ratified by France. Why? These Resointions were intended to form a part of the rest. . They were introduced by that grea But that is not enougd, SuDMAIIRC®, of all naval weapors, cannot be ¢xâ€" empt from reduction al} round with «omplete elimination of the competiâ€" tive element. Without tough difficulty sufficient success in this direction will not be secured. France will not only reject on military grounds the British and American arguments for abolisiâ€" Ing the submarine, . One, the famous «global" principle, France claims the elastle right to allocate & large marâ€" gin of tonnage either to one type or «nother as she may deem well. Her maval policy still is to create a dominâ€" ant submarine force. We umderstand afa of a the arg meets a m; &s Y ter w4 Wik Anc 1€ a»d @rastic policy of scrapping the seaâ€" sastles most distinctly dectared by the American Secretary of State, though Mr. Ramsay MacDonald and the Briâ€" tish government are well known to be in absolute barmony. . The original Wiea, though good in itselt, was far Yees sweeping and trenchant than what is now offered,. Under the terms eof the Washiagton Treaty all the floatâ€" Img fortvesses, fortyâ€"eight of them, wow possessed by America, Britain and japan, were to be abolished by 1942; but other Goliaths, equally large and more destructive, as embodying the â€"ceageless. progress . of naval science, were to replace them. The Conference opened with a general willingness on the part of the Ameriâ€" «an delegation, quieckly reciprocated by Great Britain, to prolong the legal Hre of the naval Anakim and to susâ€" pend all replaceâ€"sent until 1936, whep, at another conference, the whole quesâ€" tion of the future of battleships would be freely reâ€"consider d in relation to political ctreumstances at the time and to the advances of naval techâ€" mnique in the Interval. This by itself was a great thirg. The Avancial sayâ€" AT Here Th misuse must be dom, By J. L. Garvin n;l }ine.. Regq . _ | pany‘s trip ie + | & forced 12 e.t neary Bona @ Wales, it s & ie | °° removed Â¥ Smith we 64 (G the damage "W| pane‘s tail ad | ", . gines going ing to America, Britain and Japan would have been over £200,000,000, otherwise bound to be spest by them on "replacement" between 1934 and 1937 Now comes the greater lead. If the whole Conference â€" reciprocates in other ways, America and Britain will begin this year to scrap a large proâ€" portion of their existing battleship #eets. The process will go on as fast as the Admiralty can manage it. This country at pregent has two more batâ€" tleships than the United States, and must do most for parity. By next autumn at furthest Britain would scrap five of her seaâ€"castles, America three, and Japan oneâ€"that alone would mean mine hulls out of fortyâ€" eight, or nearly a fAfth part of the whole bulk of metal now embodied in the monsters. Nor need it end there. For the purpose of bringing the Conâ€" ferepce to a memorable triumph in every chief respect, the three battleâ€" ship Powers might well agree to scrap within the next half.decade twice as much as they already contemplate. Details about the future of cruisers, both large and small, are about the future of destroyers, involve many crossâ€"arguments which are exceedingâ€" ly important. We cannot #0 into i those details now. As regards Britain anpd America alone, settliement on the basie of parity is ensured on thoroughâ€" ly reasonable and considerable lines with regard to cruisers, as in every other respect. Mr. Stimson‘s stateâ€" ment means President Hoover‘s fair dea), and there could not be a fairer deal. We still quite decline to beâ€" leve that Japan by insisting upon one tenâ€"thousandâ€"ton cruiser more, will enâ€" tangle the whole proceedings; instead of following Bismarck‘s advice and reipforcing the imponderabilia of Seâ€" curity by & further gain of both Amâ€" erican and British goodâ€"will, The American and British proposals ‘for the sweeping reduction of battleâ€" ship strength forthwith are a tremendâ€" Sydney, Australiaâ€"Capt. Charles Kingsford D. Smith, the Australian ace who flew from the United States to Australia in 1928, has just performed one of the most thrilling exploits of his carees, He is now the director of an airâ€" line. â€" Recently when one of the comâ€" pany‘s tripleengined machines made & forced landing in a forest clearing near Honalbo, Northern New South Wales, it seemed that the plane could be removed only by being dismantled. Smith went to the scene, repaired the damaged underâ€"carriage, tled the Sirgapore Free Préss: At present, ard presumably for a good many years to come, there will be no one of the Dominions which could regard lt-‘ selt as being in a position to resist the aggression ef any of the major world powers, mer, ii may be added, owlog to physical and geographical conditions, could a combination of Dominions which excluded the Mother Country carry out such an effective reâ€" sistance. For the present, therefore, the Dominions have to recognize that reliance must be placed upon Great Britain to carry the wain burden of Commonwealth defence. Dr. Cook Appointed aptain _ Kingsford_ Smith Performs Unique Experiâ€" ment With ‘Plane Obicago. â€" Dr. Frederick A. Cook, who won transitory fame in the Arctie and pald for a misstep by spending five years in Leavenworth peniterâ€" tlary, started his "come back" recentâ€" ly with the cheers of 900 boys ringing in his ears. He has accepted a post as permanâ€" ent pbysical director of the Boye‘ Brotherhood Republic and will direct the organization‘s summer camp at Burlington, Wis. Defence of the Dominions The ¢5â€"yearold man straightened his shoulders and smiled when the 900 boys shouted their confidence in him as be was made a life member of their organization. Only two persons have been so honored in the past, Mrs. Marâ€" sball Field and President Reosevelt. pD ‘mith went to the scene, repaired damaged underâ€"carriage, tled the ne‘s tail to a tree &nd set his enâ€" es going full speed. When the maâ€" ne lifted from the ground a farmer c ito vama and the nlane flashed a brof pe #11 P ed Manager of Camp e and the maâ€" wounded bird, th got it safely an eque ne bit Tighter Watch Disquietening News from U.S. Border Officials Received that Speedy Boats Aimed to Intercept Smugglers, Leaving â€" Canadian Side of Boundary With reports from Ottawa indicatâ€" ing that the proposed bill prohibiting clearinces of liquor sbipnerts from Canada to the United States will be carried successfully, there is further news of an extremely disquietening nature to those associated with the "liquor rings" across the internationâ€" al boundary. It was based on a report from Cleveâ€" land, Ohio, that & giant cordon of "mother ships" with schools of smali speed boats plying between, will be stretched lengthwise through the cenâ€" tre of Lake Erle this spring in a new attempt to block the flood of Canadian liquor pouring into the United States. Just what this means to this interâ€" ested in the liquor business here is indicateq in the fact that, even if the Government‘s proposal to ban clearâ€" ances of whiskey to the United States proves a failure, and liquor is still perâ€" mitted to be cleared under export for the United States, rumâ€"runners are still confronted with the posslbility of having their wares stopped half way across the international boundary line. Whether or not the Government bill will be passed, of course, remains to be seen, but the fact remains that whatever happens, United States auâ€" thorities are tightening up their borâ€" der patrol and are aiming themselves more strepuously than ever against the inroads of the smugglers. One thing is certain, however, those in touch with the situation claim, and that is the fact that if the bill is passâ€" ed, lquor® prices across the border will go skyrocketing overnight. Although lHquor made in Canada is still plentiful across the border rumâ€" runners will have very reason to boost their prices if the bill is carried, "risks," etc., they will claim, warrant. ing any increase. â€" And with the Uniâ€" ted States‘ customers demanding their liquor, it is quite certain that wHatâ€" ever prices are asked on this side of the boundary they will willingly be ing any ted Sta lquor, ever pI the bo paid. The news that the United States was preparing to tighten its patrol, was still more disquietening when it became known that the plan accordâ€" ing to Arthur P. Fenton, U.S, Comâ€" missioner of Customs at Cleveland, calls for the removal of the rumâ€" chasing activities of the ecoastguards and allled patrols from the harbors and rivers of the American shoreline to the international boundary out on the lake. To do this, all the nine coastguards districts, it is reported, will be unified into one front against the smugglers. Reports from Cleveland state that1 the "mother ships" are to be the 75-‘ foot cruigers. These will be stationâ€" ed at approximately 10 miles anchorâ€" age along the watery border line. Beâ€" tween these ships, the small speed boats will keep @ constant patrol on the lookâ€"out for raft laden with Canâ€". adian lquor, each ship being in conâ€" stant communication with the others and the shore. TWord of g&ll boats leavingâ€"Canada laden with Mquor will be wired headâ€" quarters at Cleveland and the informaâ€" tion will be relayed to the cordon. There are now 84 small picket boats in service, Fenton states, and to these will be added 15 new 32â€"foot cruisers capable of attaining a speed of 59 unners will have very reason oost their prices if the bill is carri risks," etc., they will claim, warra ng any increase. â€" And with the U ed States‘ customers demanding th fanor. it is auite certain that wl capanie Ol All miles an bou! END OF SMUGGLING harbor. On All Liquor Being Planned 1 Tower on Isla THE AIRPLANE HAS CHANGED PHOTOGRAPHY THE WORLD OVER ind of San Gieorgio Maggiore, Italy, is known to thousand of tourists, ana les in Venice An Unusual Picture from the City of the Dodges board be seen the popular bathing resort. ‘Passage of the Canadian Antiâ€" Liquor Clearance Act, which I underâ€" stand is expected to be accomplished by Easter, will greatly lighten the work of the customs and coastguard services on the Great Lakes," he said. "This has already been shown by the fact that on the Dominion shores opâ€" posite Detroit and Buffalo, the wareâ€" houses are being cleaned out of what liquor they have on hand and are not restocking. This indicates that the Canadian liquor dealers who have been shipping to the United States are assured that the antiâ€"clearance law will be passed. "At the present time we have sboot 200 men in the Detroit area and about 150 in and around Buffalo. I doubt if these forces will be matorially reâ€" duced for some little time, but these men will have an opportunity to pay more attention to other work, and this will enable. them to handle a large part of the tasks for which President Hoover asked an increase in the perâ€" sonnel of the consolidated border patrol he suggested to Congress. "Another effect which the passage of this act will probably have will be increased efforts to smuggle Canâ€" adian liquor to this country via the French ports of St. Pierre and Miqueâ€" lon, at the mouth of the St. Lawrence, At the present time these two places are the bases from which the greater amount of liquor illicitly entering this country comes. The Great Lakes sitâ€" wation being well in hand, and with the coastguard relieved of its concenâ€" trated patrol of the inland waters, it will be able to handls this situation far better, without any great Increase in personnel. Petty Stuff Only "The paseage of this act will mean that smuggling on the Great Lakes and its tributary water will be conâ€" fined to petty stuff. In the past the rumâ€"runners could take their boats up to export docks and load them with scores or hundreds of cases of whisky. Now they will be compelled to rely upon the liquor stores run by the various Canadian provinces, and can only make their purchases by the case at the most and then at far highâ€" er pri past. "Perhaps more important than anyâ€" thing else will be the fact that a conâ€" tinual source of friction between the two countries will be removed and this country will do its part to repay the Dominion for its action by halting, where possible, all smuggling from this country to Canada." He: "Am I the first man you have cver kissed?" She: "Of course! Why do a&ll men ask the same question ?" The world‘s deepest oil well, drillâ€" ed in 1929, is in California and is 9.350 feet deep. In a certain club they own an abâ€" normally slow card player. His partâ€" ner once observed, "Excuse me but is this Auction Bridge or Suspension Bridge?" For whom an Empire mourned and the Eeéâ€"ihali they have paid in the The Late Earl Balfour Theory Discounted By Hon. V. Massey Washington. â€"Hon. Vincent Massey, Canadian Minister to the United States, discounted the theory that proâ€" hibition is responsible for the tide of automobile travel into Canada from the United States. In an address befo ference of the Unite bile Association an« exutives the Canadia ed that considerabl In an address beforé the annal conâ€" ference of the United States Automoâ€" bile Association and Motor Club exâ€" exutives the Canadian Minister assertâ€" ed that considerably more cars per capita come from Canada into the United States than move north into the Dominion. During 1929, he said, more than 600,000 motor cars crossed the line moving south, while 4,500,000 cars drove into Canada. "To come up to our standard as visiting neighbors in proportion to population," he continued, "I must politely point out that you will have to send us 7,500,000 cars. I have suggested the motor car as a very potent factor in international relations. The automobile is now enâ€" gaged the world over in crossing bounâ€" daries, reminding its passengers of different characteristics which mark people on both sides, and giving them sympathetic appreciation of why such differences exist." British Youths Come to Canada Montreal.â€"Juvenile immigration to Canada was inaugurated for 1930 durâ€" ing the weekâ€"end when the first parâ€" ties of British youths for Canadian farms landed at Halifax, having been brought forward under the auspices of the Canadian National Railways. Two parties, totalling 46 boys, reached Halifax during the weekâ€"end, and will be placed on farms in Ontario by the British Immigration and Colonization Association. These boys have been gpecially geâ€" lected from various parts of the Briâ€" tish Isles, by the Juvenile branch of the colonization offices of the‘ Cana dian National Railways in London and represent a splendid type of British youth eager to better themselves by gradually winning ownership of land in Canada. Juverile immigration is one of the most promising features of colonizaâ€" tion at the present time, Last year some 1200 youths were brought to Canada v»nder the auspices of the Canadian National Railways, the majority of whom are making good on farms throughout Ontario province. There was never yet a truly great man that was not at the same time truly virtuousâ€"Benjatmin Franklin. ide of Auto Travel Not Due to Prohibition civilized world paid enlogies ONTARIO ARCHIVES TORONTO Business Good Compared With 1929 Department of Finance Keâ€" port Shows We Have No Reason to Fear Future Ottawa.â€"Aithough business in Canâ€" ada, in so far as its course Was reâ€" flected in the indices of the chartered banks, slowed a recession during the first month of the current year, the situation as at the end of January , compared favor«bly with the corâ€" responding date last year. The monthly bank statement issued by the Department of Finance the other day showed that current loans in Canzda, an accepted index of busiâ€" ness activity, totalled at the end of January $1,386,806,716, an increase of 13160,000,000 over January 31, 1929, although a decline of $19,000,000 from December 31, 1929. â€" Current loans outside of Canada were $257,516,432, a decline of $2,000,000 from January 81, 1929, but an increase of $7,000,000 over December, 1929 Call loans in Canada at the end of January were $237,421,000, a decline of $31,000,000 from January, 31, 1929; ezll loans outside of Canada were $211,750,000, a decline of $115,000,000 from January 31, 1929, indicating a lessened demand for brokers‘ ‘~ans in New York. s Notice deposits, wh ch were $1,439,â€" $14,000 at the end of January were higher by $5,500,000 than at the end of December, but Jowr by $84,000,000 from January 31, 1929, indicating a certain drain on savings accounts. _ Bank note cireulation at the end of January was $156,062,000, a decline of $19,500,000 from December 31, 1929, but only of $2,000,000 from January 31, 1929. The bank note circulation at the end of January is always about $20,000,000 less than at the end of December, so the decline indicated above is slightly lss than the seasonal change. Bank note cireulation in Canâ€" ada attained its highest endâ€"ofâ€"Januâ€" ary figure in 1920, being then $217,â€" 000,000, but that war at the peak of high prices. Since preâ€"war the note cireulation has increased from $97,â€" 000,000, Jan. 31, 1914, to $156,000,000 an increase of 61 per cent. While these banking figures, on the face of them, scem to indicate that business in Canada in January of this year was as good if not better than in January of last year, that view needs to be discounted by the fact that the banks have substantia‘ loans more or le:s tied up with the wheat pool, and probably with private grain traders. These loans are doubtless good busiâ€" ness for the banks, with the three prairie governments standing behind the wheat pool; but they have been and stii. are to some extent inactive loans; they have .t contributed much business to the transportation comâ€" panies, although probably most of the dollarâ€"perâ€"bushe loan made to the pool and by it advanced to the wheat growers has been expended by them, to the benefit of business. SEES NO HARD TIMES IN WEST Winnipeg.â€"A hearty vote of optiâ€" mism was sounded by C. H. S. Bamâ€" ford when he addressed the annual meeting of the Manitoba Retail Merâ€" chants‘ Association here, Mr. Bamâ€" ford is general sales manager for one of the biggest retail concerns in the city, and he baser. his statements largely upon the figures supplNed by W. Sanford Evans, ML.A., who is recognized as one of the ablest staâ€" tisticians in the Dominion. _ , Every sign points to a decided imâ€" provement in business condition in the West, Mr. Bamford told the gathering, and there was no reason for pessimism provided ordinary caution and comâ€" mon sense are employed. Sales are mounting in Winnipeg every day, and we are on the threshold of a better and brighter day in Western Canada, he said. "I don‘t believe for an instant that we are in for hard times in the West," Mr. Bamford emphatically declared. "Everywhere signs point to a decided improvemenrt in business." One of the reasorns the speaker advanced for his optimistie views is that the apriculâ€" tural production <f the three prairie‘ provincesâ€"â€"field crops, livestock, dairy produce and poultryâ€"amour ts annual-l ly to a figure approaching the enorâ€" mous total of $1,000,000, wnile the railroads are this year embarking on a western expzansion program costing $60,000,000 and the industrial output ’of Manitoba alone is worth $162,000,â€" 000. He did not mention the mining developments which are estimatâ€"d to be circulating $1,000,000 a month in Manitoba alone, but he pointed out that so lorg as there ara people proâ€" ducing all that wealth in the west, there is a sound market for a vast amount of goods, as people must live and have something left over after buying necessities with which to pur. chase luxuriecs _ "Hard times" is largely a mental atâ€" titude, forget them, and go on as you would have you never heard of such a bogey, was Mr. Bamford‘s counsel. Two commercial travellers met in the dining car and opened conversaâ€" tion. "Of course, you‘re from Lancaâ€" shire?" said one. The Manchester man replied that ho was, and asked why the question had been asked. "Ob, I was just accounting for your accent," eaid the other. Suddenly the Manchester man said: "And where do you come from?" "Worcesâ€" ter," replied the traveller, innocently, "Ab, well, now I can account for your eauce." :-‘ Calcutta Business Man Sees Indian Independence as Reâ€" moteâ€"Caste System Too Rigid to Permit of New Status rd;h;lhi’: Campaign Doomed to Failure Independence or even Dominion staâ€" tus for India was declared to be very remote indeed by E. Klemis, Calcuita business man, in an interview. \r, Kiemis has resided for the past five years in Calcutta and is engaged in the cotton industry. He is on bis way to Europe, "While crossing Canada I have been astonished to see the amount of pubâ€" licity your papers give Mabhatma Gandhi," remarked Mr. Kiemis, Gandâ€" hi receives very little notice in India and even in the vernacular press he is given very little prominence. The amount of publicity given to the Inâ€" dian Nationalist leader in newspapers in this country is out of all proportion to his importance," Mr. Klemis said. "It is generally felt among Euro: peans in India that the viceroy has been rather too hasty with his declar» ation that India would be given Do minion status just as soon as expediâ€" ent," Mr. Klemis said. Failure is Seen "My belief is that India will have to wait many years before she can attain to that political standing. And Gandhi‘s campaign for Indian indeâ€" pendence is doomed to failure. Inâ€" dians themselves recognize that. "The independence of India will never be an accomplished fact beâ€" cause the caste system of the country is too rigid," Mr. Klemis explained. "Solidarity of the people of India will never be attained on account of the caste system, Moreover," Mr. Klemis added, "the most powerful element in the country are the Indian princes and they certainly do not want Indian independence as it would terminate their rule and put an end to their sources of wealth which is the land, Real Danger "The yeal danger in India is from Communist propaganda," Mr. Klemis said. "Soviet agents infest the counâ€" try and ouly last year stores of arms were discovered in Meernt, It will be remembered that the stimulus for the Indian mutiny centred in Meerut, Communist plotting in India never gets into the papers," Mr. Klemis reâ€" marked, "and (his is infinitely more important than Gandhi‘s disobedience marches and other campaigns for Inâ€" dian independence." Mr. Klemis remarked also that be had recently been in Shanghai for a short time, Shanghai, he said, had completely returnad to normal since the Nationalist disturbancer of two years ago. There was no suggestion of ever ceding the concession to China. Capital is pouring into the great port and that is an indication of the confidence felt in the future of Shanghai, Mr. Klemis said. Prince Looking For Heir to British Throne Snaps Elephants With Camera Masindi, Uganda.â€"Despite terrific heat the Prince of Wales has walked long distances to film elephants in their native haunts, He obtained splendid pictures of elephants in close quarters in the thick bush of the lake Albert and White Nile districts. Sir W, F. Gowers, Governor of Uganâ€" da, returned from Butiaba and «aid that the Prince had completely shaken off the effects of his recent malarial fever. He has done no shooting, preferring to operate his motionâ€"picture camera. At one place he had an opportunity of bagging a big tusker but he merely took a film, saying he did not care to shoot animals if he had not worked hard in & stern chase. The royal camp has moved further dow nthe Nile and will soon proceed to & rhino camp, where the Prince hopes to snap white rhinoceros. Then the party will move to the Congo, visiting the Pygmy country. Returning from the Congo, the Prince expects to do some shooting in the Mongolia district during the trip down the Nile to Khartoum. It is possible that he will fiy from Kharâ€" toum to Cairo. Magistrate: "How do you know that these fowls you accuse your neighbor of stealing, were yours?" Prosecutâ€" or: ‘"They were black and white fowls, your Honor." _ Magistrate: "Why, that does not prove anything. I have black and white fowls myselt At home." Prosecutor; "Yes, your Honor, this isn‘t the first time I‘ve missed fowls." "Now, Harold," said the schoolâ€" misâ€" tress during the history lesson, "when did William the Conquerer land in England?" A thoughtful look appearâ€" ed on the face of the youthful schoolâ€" boy. "Well, teacher," he waid after a period of hard thinking, "I don‘t just remember." "But surely, my boy," she said a little angrily, "you have read your books; and doesn‘t it state ‘William the Conqueror, Hastings, 1066?" Harold‘s eyes opened wide with surprise, "Why, yes," he replied:; "but I always thought that was his telephone number." &n ie A L en &! be! W 7 ax Lucknow Correspc View of the Admin tive Wonder of t} The British ave stepped olished fmor W sSAVS® & Y Ori(