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The summer season has opened with a deplorable toll of drowning acâ€" cidents. Unless those who seek reâ€" creation on or in the water are warnâ€" ed by the distressing reports which appear almost daily in the press, the loss of lite from this cause is Hkely to equal that of last year whon 341 persons were drowned in Ontario. Everyone is familiar with the danâ€" gers of venturing into unknown waters, of swimming immediatioy afâ€" ter a meal, or when overheated, of divâ€" ing into water where the character of the bottom is not known, and of Inflation Effects Minneapolis Journal tells C & C. Townley‘s plan to print five, ten or fifâ€" teen billion dollars in five dollar bills and says if anyone is anxious to find out what the States would do for change, coppers, five and tenâ€"cent pieces, quarters, halfâ€"dollars, and dolâ€" lars, that there would be no need of a bill smaller than five dollars. "The five dollar bills would rapidly become of value 30 small that they would meet that problem and that alone. One dolâ€" lar bills, fiftyâ€"cent piecos, quarters and dimes would buy nothing at all by themselves. Prices would be stated in thousandsâ€"a fortune in face value for a bushel of wheat, a king‘s ranâ€" som for a pair of overalls and nudism for everyone but the printer of the bills." _ Probably also every person would hasten to spend as quickly as he got the bills for fear lest they beâ€" come of less and less value even in twentyâ€"four hours‘ time. That was what happened the mark when the CGermans were inflating it so that a million in old marks became not worth a cent. Who profited? Not those who bought or held marks.â€"Onâ€" tario Intelligencer. the "meteor flag of England onto Mail and Empire. The idea is entirely worthy. Citadel Hill rises steeply in th centre of the city, and from its top may be viewed the surrounding city and harbor, with waters that have been pliwed by Briâ€" tish ships ever since the founding of the city by Lord Cornwallis in 1749. On itadel Hill were guns that roared out in defense of the Western outpost ol Empire and gave confiderce to inâ€" habitants of a tiny area on which rose the "metoDt Baw af Rnrslssk w one _ An Empire Park Halifax, which has meant so much in the history of the outposts of Emâ€" pire, whose streets have echoed to the tread of soldiers, sailors and princes, has a suggestion for observance of the Imperial Economic Conference. The Halifax Mail urges that the Canadian Government set aside Citadel Hill as an Empire Park. peddler in their own line, but they are not so ready to follow the general principle of protection for all against unfair competitiion. A man formerly in business in Timmins used almost to weep while he recounted the evils of the peddler to his own special lines, yet this merchant bought his printing from a peddler from out of town.â€" Porcupine Advance (Timmins), Seldom a woek passes but The Adâ€" vance receives a complaint that a pedâ€" dler sold a citizen a bathâ€"tub or a photograph or some printing or some prunes, and while fraud mayâ€"not be proven in a court of law the patron of the peddler is no more pleased than If it were. The local merchant, ninety times out of a hundred can supply a better grade of goods than the peddler provides. This is always the peddler‘s trickâ€"to talk about the price for a} superior article carried locally, and on the mere qucstion of low price, toist‘ upon the customer something that will prove costly indeed. The more important phase, however, is the inâ€" jury to the public from this peddling system with all its unfairness. If all business were done by peddlers not a local municipality could exist. When the peddler bas a free swing, local business must necessarily suffer. If business is handed over to the pedâ€" d‘or, the business men can not be exâ€" pected to provide credit, extend serâ€" vice, pay taxes, and contribute to the various causes that maintain a town in progress and prosperity With all the talk about peddlers now going on in so many towns it may be asked, "Why is something not done to remedy the situation?" Why is there not drastic action? The answer seems to be that in many cases those concerned see clearly the evil of the peddler in their own line but thay Summer Season Opens in many cases those arly the evil of the own line, but they Or for India to worry about Preference, as she is sure of hor markets in any event. This is a prodigious fallacy for which â€" one day India may pay dearly. Competition is becoming inâ€" creasingly acutée and India cannot afâ€" ford to neglect a single overseas marâ€" ket.â€"Calcutta Englishman, Empire Migration The report on Empire migration isâ€" sued by the British Economic Advisâ€" ory Council directs attention to an imâ€" portant fact which will be of serious consequence to Australia when a ro-} turn to prosperity makes it desirable to augment our population by immiâ€" gration. "It is not sufficiently realâ€" ized," says the council, "that Great Britain already has less than a reâ€" placement birth rate." That means that uniless there is a further severe shrinkage in British trade, necessitatâ€"‘ ing the disposal by immigration of the! number in excess of those who can be absorbed in home industriesâ€"an unâ€" likely contingencyâ€"there will be no pressing motive impelling people to l go to the Dominions.â€"Melbourne Ausâ€" tralasian, India and the Empire Preference There is a comforting belief held ln: India that as India‘s great staple in-l dustries are exporters of lndllpens-, able raw materials, there is no need ; The Future in New South Wales Of course, world conditions are shockingly bad, and we cannot escape some of the consequences but there is a great deal on the other side of the ledger. We have had two extra good seasons, and a third seems highly probable. Wa are not in the position of those unfortunate countries which cannot find a market for their goods at any price; our staples all have a market of some sort, and wool is in a stronger position than any other great world produce; while for our manuâ€" factures we have the home market which for so many years we presented‘ to the foreigner. We are not going to get back to the old conditions they were most unhealthy boom conditions, based on vast foreign borrowing and wasteful spendng, and were bound to crash. But wise government and conâ€" fidence and a few fair years can bring us back more real prosperity than wel ever had.â€"Sydney Bulletin. gested by Dr. Camsell‘s address should go a long way to improve the position. If there is world overâ€"proâ€" duction in a commodity all the more reason for the Empire to buy that commodity within the Empire, while the position arising from cut competiâ€" tion in cortain minerals, from which Southern _ Rhodesia â€" has suffered, should be as susceptible"to preferenâ€" tial treatment as in the case of agriâ€" cultural and manufactured products. The situation is described by the Canadian Minister as one of almost incalculable possibilities. In view of his belief, the Canadian delegates can‘ be expected to press the matter vig-' ourously, so that something which is calculable may be achieved. It is.a question which warrants the special interest of the Rhodesian delegates, for unything that would stimulate thel revival of the base mineral industry in Rhodesia would have farâ€"reaching et-' fects for good.â€"Salisbury Rhodesia Herald Empire Minerals Dr. Charles Camsell, Deputyâ€"Minisâ€" ter of Mines in Canada, asks why there cannot be Empire coâ€"operation in mining?) Our problem with base minerals is largely one of world overâ€" production and inability to get on the market at competitive prices, but an Empire agreement on the lines sugâ€" _ The fact is that the position of this } singular nation, not merely during the last year or two. but during the last twelve years, has been very generaly misunderstood in other countries. Obâ€" servers like M. Andre Siegfried were disposed to detect signs of national decadence. But the very unrest which appeared in industry was in part due to the determination of exâ€"soldiers never to enuure again the degrading poverty many of them had known beâ€" fore the war. And they did not enâ€" dure it. The most remarkable fact about British history since the war is that in spite of loss of exports, in spite of unemployment and strikes, the standard of living of the whole comâ€" munity, from the humblest laborer to the middle classes, has shown an amazing improvement.â€"The Christian Science Monitor. , OTHER OPINIONS Quality Outweighs Price A serious situation has arisen in American industry because of the‘ widespread propaganda stressing price rather than quality as the basis of ‘value. The buying public, which by instinct and practice is a consumer of good products, is having its taste steadily lowered and its standards destroyed by the avalanche of bargain advertising which has swept the counâ€" try. ‘This illâ€"advised price appeal has been farâ€"reaching in its bad effect, not only in deteriorating the consumer‘s standards, but also in increasing the dificulties of manufacturers of reliâ€" able merchandise who must compete with business operated solely on a price basis.â€"Boston Christian Science Monitor. We have pleasuro in presenting Miss Frances Bult and Mis Bonnie Mealing, 18 and 19 year old Australian olympic swimmers Bonnie broke the 100â€"metre backstroke record when fifteen Australia is out to win at the olympics and since her team arâ€" rived atf Los Angeles strenuous practice hag been enforced. Here is Cyclist Edgar Gray limbering Up No Decadence in Britain Representing Australia Love bought with gold is dear what ever its cost. can support fifteen million people, it is estimated. The fi‘tyâ€"fifty basis, it is conceded, must, however, be one of finance as well as selection of those to gy on farms, part Canadian andi part Old Counti;.â€"The New Outlook (Toronto). idea of some sort of fiftyâ€"fifty trading arrangement with Great Britain is one that is not by any means farâ€"fetched at the present moment. Consequently, the backâ€"toâ€"theâ€"land scheme on a filtyâ€" ffty basis with the old country in exâ€" _change for tariff preferences, as anâ€" nounced by Senator A. D. McRae, has provoked keen interest in business circles. The Senator went West in order to get the views of the Western interests on those lines before the Regina preliminary meéting. His idea of using the vast Peace River "s a lo-“ cation for British immigrants to be brought over first on a subsistence basis and then on a permanent farm establishment basis has met with much favor. His idea of getting a strong preference for Canadian grain, cattle and fruit in exchange for dividâ€" ing Peace River‘s millions of acres with Britain for the use of her landâ€" hungry people promises, it is said‘ here, to settle rapidly a section th 1t| Britain is said to have hundreds of thousands of landâ€"hungry people, and Canada has millions of empty acres of the finest land in the world. Britain is overâ€"populated, and Canada could welcome a population double the size of that which she now has. So the A new huge night bomber, Aying 12%5 miles an hour, aroused considerâ€" able ‘nterest, as did a Victoria troop carrier which can be converted into a bomber. The main program opened with a mass takeâ€"off of fiftyâ€"four bombers, comprising three squadrons of Air Force machines and three squadrons of volunteers. _ The civilian airmen, mostly bank clerks and office workers, showed a skill which compared favorâ€" ably with that of the professional airâ€" men. ‘The bomber was spotted hovering in the air and immediately the Furies roared and started slooting up rockâ€" ets. ‘The battle began with the ratâ€" tatâ€"tat of machine guns. The bomber rolled and banked to evade the speedâ€" ier pursuers but the Furies hung on its tail. Two Furies wore sent downJ 64 »» s in "Alames"â€"realistic re smoke reâ€" leased by the pilotsâ€"before the bomb-‘ er was "shot down." Air Force. Secrecy has enshrouded them since their inception and the Air Ministry still is unwilling to divulge their official performances. Air The day‘s big event was an enâ€" counter betw.>n the new Hawkerâ€" Hart day bomber and three Hawkerâ€" Fury fighters. These our are the fastest and latest types in the Royal The great iir'specficle drew 250,â€" 000 paid spectators and more than 250,000 outside the airdrome Secret Fighting Machines Also in Royal Air Force Manoeuvres Hendon, England.â€"Great Britain‘s newest secret fighting aircraft, includâ€" ing a day bomber capable of 200 miles an hour at 20,000 feet, were seen in action for the first time by a reâ€" cord throng at the thirteenth Royal Air Force display here. \ rading Farms for Settlers Fast Bomber Plane Performs at Hendon TORONTO urmmarauin 4rmcues n ‘_ To owe Worth is found mostly in another‘s friend is a trust. Aienara mawm In 1835 the average French famâ€" ily raised four children; in 1896 this figure had fallen to three children per family, and today the figure is barely 2. The births in France in 1868 were .1,340,000. In 1891 they were 915,000 and the last annual figures available show them to be 741,000 The continued decline in the birth rate has become so serious that it is officially estimated that where as in 1930 the number of youths called to the colors was 258,000, in 1935 the number will have fallen to 136,000 Paris.â€"The fall in the birth rate in France is gravely preâ€"occupy ing the nation, _ It is feared that the population vwill decrease by half in the next seventyâ€"five years. France‘s population today is roughly 40,000,â€" 000. Birth Rate Continue; 7 To Drop in France _ _ That there is good reason to believe that successful control of streak is now to be anticipated by the growor is shown by the results which have already been obtained at the St. Cathâ€" ines Laboratory with seed specially selected from healthy plants. Using this seed they have been able to grow fiv» successive crops of tomatoes withâ€" out any mosaic or streak whatever, whereas formerly, these discases were generally present in all crops. â€" The grower is therefore urged to make his own selection of seed from healthy plants and thus reduce these diseases to a minimum.â€"Experimental Farm Note. I _ By the first method as high as eight pe~ cent. of strcak and over thirty por cent. of mosaic was obtained, while the second method gave as high as 66 2â€"3 per cent. of streak and mosai~. It should be pointed out, however, that sometimes "streak" seed, that is seed from plants affected with streak, gave rise to plants that were absoâ€" lutely healthy so that all seed from a disease plant does not necessarily transmit the disease. The same is also true for mosaic seed, that is seed from mosaic plants On the other hand, clear cut evidence of the virus being present in the embryo of the seed has been obtained, and thus the possibility of seed transmission is at once apparent. I Resesrch work just completed at the Dominion Laboratory of Plant Pathology, St. Catharines, Ont., a branch laboratory of the Division of Botany, Experimental Farms Branch, of the Dominion Department of Agriâ€" culture, demonstrates that "mosaic‘ and "streak" of tomatoes are seed borne. This has been accomplished in two ways by the St. Catharines Laâ€" boratory: (1) by growing under con trolled conditions tomato plants that have come from seed selected from streak plants, and (2) by inoculating healthy tomato plants with the crushâ€" ed embryos from seed taken fr(m.. plants afcocted with streak and moâ€" | SAIC. I Mosaic and Streak Of Tomato Years ago Duke Kahanamoky of Hawaii set a new mark for the 100â€"yarq swim. Physically fit at 42 he hopes to win olympic honâ€" DP3. Veteran Swimmer : their honey in boxes (supers) above the chamber in which they rear their | young and when these boxes are filled the beckeeper slips a thin board fitted | with a bee escape beneath them. The friend is a happiness, ‘m,’- c;n disparagement.â€"Charron Consumption of Meat in Canada The per capita consumption of meat in Canada in 1931 was 148.46 pounds. In doing this the Canadian eats prac» tically his won weight in meat yearly, be | _ "Hoarding" is a habit that has reâ€" | ceived considgrable criticism of late, [ bit there are instances where hoard4. |ing has proven of great benefit to mankind. Several thousands of years «#o some observant person noticed that a certain little insect had deâ€" veloped the hcbit of hoardirg to a remarkable dopree and this person, like many of today, considered the: principle a bad one, therefore sot about to discover ways and means i whereby the th1ifty one could be made to disgorge at least a part of her savâ€" iigs. How to get it was the question, for it was found that the little insect was just as ready to fight for whai she had gathered as she was ready to work for it and the results were painâ€" ful to the plunderer. _ The persoa therefore decided that because the inâ€" sect refused to give up her stores peacefully she must die, and die she did over the sulphur pit,. With the worker dead the process of robbing was easy but it was soon realized thatl to kill the worker in order to get hor stores would scoon result in no more stores to rob, but human cunning mn| ovecame this difficulty by devising l] method whereby the stores could be obtained without the owners‘ know!â€" Modern Apiarists Use Bee Escapes Although Otta=a‘s importance in world affairs is due mainly to its political significance, the city has also sur tantial o‘ther interests, A recent census discloses 208 manufacturing concerns in Ottawa with an investâ€" ment of approximately $60,000,000. The principal industries have to do with lumber and paper products and with manufactures of wood, iron and steel. and the Gatineau. These three afford almost inexhaustible s of electricai energy which is available to the residents at among the lowest in the world At Ottawa the river which gives the city its name is augmented by two other important streamsâ€"the Ridean and the Gatineau. ‘These three rivers The beauty of Ottawa is commented upon by every visitor. The architecâ€" ture of its public buildings is approp riate to the dignity of a great nation. The thirty miles of boulevards which encirele the city present an ever changing panorama of beauty. Rich farming country lies to the south and west; immediately to the north rise the Laurentian Mountains, where fishâ€" ing, hunting and life in the open inâ€" vite the sportsman and adventurer. f Development at Ottawa dates from the arrival of Colonel ky in 1826 with a compan of British Royal Engineers who came to build the Rideau Canal, a military trade route of transportaâ€" tion linking the Ottawa and St. Lawâ€" rence Rivers. He pitched his camp close to the spot where the beautiful Chateau Laurier, which will be the home of the delegates to the conferâ€" ence during their stay in Ottawa, now stands. Around this camp grew the village of Bytown, which by 1847 be-i came an incorporated town. . The name was changed to Ottawa in 1854.' and three years later Queen Victoritl selected the city as the capital of Canada. Ottawa, the capital of Canada, is particularly in the limelight of public attention this year. Always, because of its beauty and its political interest, on the routeâ€"maps of tourists to the Dominion, Ottawa this year has the added attraction of being the city of the Imperial Economic Conference of the British Nations on the first occaâ€" sion upon which the Imperial Conferâ€" ence has been held outside of London. The city of Ottawa is located in the Province of Ontario on the banks of the Ottawa, a majestic river which joins the St. Lawrence near Mofitreal, about 115 miles eastward. ‘The Ottaâ€" wa rises hundreds of miles to the northward, draining a country of Im-l‘ mense forest resources which has conâ€" tributed materially to the prominence of the Canadian capital in the indusâ€" trial world. Ottawa is approximately 400 miles northwest of New York and about 600 miles from Washington, the capital of the United States. The clty; has a population of about 125,000, and | surrounding municipalities, not in-l cluded in the corporation, substantialâ€" ly increase that figure. | owe an obligation to a worthy in s\ en css L avre encouraged to u. These three rivers inexhaustible supplies energy which is made raged to stone (supers) above 1 uds dniaus sal 4 1 ""‘sScelaneous the fruit« | Chemica} industries, $16,927,350; soaps ’t"::rfi:::" and washing compounds, $16,822,000, I’m.m of'i medicinal and pharmaceutica) preparaâ€" tal Farms tons, $15,206,176 ; acids, alkalies and | salts, $10,767,219 ; toilet preparations, | $5,172,039; fertilizers, $4,147,315; comâ€" ' ' pressed gases, $2 T5o mme. 2... .‘ .: Canada rate R Oltgwa, Can.â€"Procua ion of fertiâ€" lizer in Canada increased in 1931 by 65 5' per cent. in value compared with 1930, ,| There are now 18 establishments in ,| the Dominion ¢~gagzed in the manufacâ€" ,| ture of fertilizers with a combined [ capital of $15,5.5,829, accordin to the | Canadian Government Bureay of Staâ€" | tistics, which has just issued a report ;g on the chemical and allied products I industries for the year 1931. This reâ€" _ port states that the fertilizer group of industries had a production valued at $4,147,.315 against $2,504,573 in 1930. Three other groups recorded | advances, toilet preparations at $5,â€" | 172,039 comparing . with $4,206,513; polishes and dressings, $1,475,058 comâ€" pared to $1,846,899; anda favoring exâ€" tracts, $1,609,501 against $1,544,092, ’ The chemical industry of Canada is divided into 14 main groups of plants, | Arranged in order â€" of value, the |smn and their total production in | 1931 were as follows, the figures beâ€" | ing from the preliminary report for | the year: paints, pigments and var 'nllhe.. $19,182,327; miscellaneous aihmnnilunt q ut ue ue oo c C030 0 CCC Could sUvest in chemicaj plants as $161,501 ; . number of establishments is 592. industries sho-; pressed gases, $2,752,558 ; tillation, $2,576,102; inks favouring extracts, $1,60 sives, $1,49,774; polishes ings, $1,475,058; wood $700,937, rumor has spread that this severity is to be somewhat relaxed during the examinations which are taking place it June and July, â€" STORE USES TELEVISION. B‘ For the first time in France, outside +‘ a laboratory, a successful experiment ‘| of twoâ€"way telephony and television (| has been carried out. It was made between the Galeries Lafayette, a doâ€" / partment store, and the offices of Le *| Matin, a Paris daily newspaper, about "\ a mile distant from each other. An â€"] ordinary telephone was used for the | conversation, and television transmtâ€" | ters were installed at both ends. The | participants, although sitting in front | of projectors, were quite unaware of ‘| ‘he fact, as the light was filtered | through an ebonite screen, which elimâ€" | inated all but the infraâ€"vred rays, and these are invisible to the naked eyc. | Receiving screens of ten inch>s by five ’w.':re also installed, and reproduced the head and shoulders of the person transmitted." The resu‘lts, although t«t very clear, were pronounced quite j good and the system «(Bairdâ€"Nathan» is to be used by the Galeries Lafayotte I between its stores in Paris and Lyons Four hundred more candidates thar last year are presenting themselves this year for the bachot or, to give this examination its proper name, the baccalanreat, Owing to the severity of the examiners, the number of "passes" in 1931 was very small, but, perhaps to encourage candidates, the rumor has spread that this anvavike is More than a third of the newly elected members of the Chamber of Deputiesâ€"abou 250â€"are lawyers, No other profession can boast of anything Lhke this number of representatives in parliament. . The next largest proâ€" fessional group consists of sixtyâ€"three farmers, landowners and agricultural engineers. There are also fortyâ€"six manufacturers, _ fortyâ€"two doctors, thirtyâ€"five publicists, thirtyâ€"two proâ€" fessors, twentyâ€"seven officials, nineâ€" teen engineers, fifteen journalists, eight school teachers, eight mechanics, six chemists and three miners. JOYFUL NEWS FOR STUDENTsS Canadinn-Made Fertilizers LAWYERS PIRST ASs DEPUTIE obliged to hunt through the records and files of the notaries of that town, a procedure which vas inconvenieni and entailed considerable loss of time. The records of the twentyâ€"eight notarâ€" ies which have just been stored at the Hotel de Rohan fill no fewer than 28,â€" 000 voluminous files. At the Hotel de Rohan, where the national archives are kept, the recâ€" ords of twentyâ€"ight Parisian notaries huve been lodged in a new repository, This is the result of the law passed by Parliament in 1928, which "authorâ€" ied and implored" notaries to store ‘thosc of their files which were more than 125 years old in departmental or national archives. Until now a hisâ€" torian wishing to find out some deâ€" tails in the history of Paris, or in that of any other French town, has been NATION KEEPS LEGAL RECORD, France and the island of Corsica was established for the first time on June 1. Transmission is effected by land w‘re to the radioâ€"sending station of La Turbie, near Nice, and from there by air to the Corsican station of Calâ€" enzana, from whence it once~ more proceeds by land wire to any point in the island. ‘whe ordinary interâ€" aepartmental ri te is charged for conâ€" versation, that is, twentyâ€"four francs, about $1, for every unit of three minâ€" utes from Paris, and only six francs from Nice, for the same period of time. statistics for the allied )w the total investment | PP T WE vols. Paris Notes «»95; coal tar digâ€" communication between inks, $2,300,143; $1,609,501 ; adhe. distillation, hk Wifeâ€"* Me (bitter long time Dr. F. K. B Dr. Rosen assistant q charge of wood, clog 8[’('4‘ «ition, morrai lee she gion n mear t ©x (e ever C ing to botany Th fou ne ®peci in M Preâ€"Gla ter f¢ priz Stra of t Uni and but A n frier Nouy ever Then tests their whit testin ©oat avut un trou to gates but d. to Br. Druid Breto espe pte i positic while dance‘ Breto: During the ch wil wh trai O€ and We the in Bards tany, J who w from S land ar their an xent to «dis P by fa 1e Mo and 0 tendin custom artist tion troupe in exe to that eollecti are st gether and ph Ope: eolle but, the $X amour ($2404 the n franes tower by eli francs The wniq ue a mot re real stockh forest contri Versal suryiy whic XIV. news due t he w d Pa