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Then he nto the bile and car ran s ankle. n‘°t even OOL instay anada, roducâ€" 00.009 AF Mgr. makâ€" OUR two old 8518 iimary cither umâ€" Ont. nest idet W sucâ€" ins ods IH itâ€" ay Apples Linked With Hallowe‘en ARRB PRCECCCCC CC C ons under this tree, which is to be 1,300 years old. For the first time in 342 years the famous Gospel Oak at Polsâ€" stead, Suffolk, Eng., is changing hands. It is believed that in the seventh century, the Gospel was was a passenger abroad the govâ€" ernment. iceâ€"breaker â€" Nascopie when it returned from its annuâ€" al trip to the Arctic. Miss Giles has spent four years at her post in the most isolated hospital in the empire, and now plans to marry a Hudson‘s Bay Company official whom she met at the hosâ€" Miss Florence Giles, of Toronto, Apples, hot or cold, are always welicomed at Hallowe‘en parties. Here are two recipes appropriate to Hallowe‘en:â€" Taffy Apples Two cups sugar, 1 teaspoon cider vinecar, 1 cup water, a few grains salt. Boil together until it cracks when dropped in cold water. Remove from fire and set over a pan of boiling water. Add a few drops of red vegetable colâ€" oring. Wash and pelish medium sized red apples. Insert a woodâ€" en skewer in blossom end of each and dip apple in syrup, turning until well coated. Place on waxed paper until cool. Apple Faces‘ Red or yellow apples may be used. Insert cloves to represent eyes, a blanched almond for a nose, and cut a slit for the moutb. Children show originality in «reâ€" ating different facial expresâ€" sions. There are secial reasons why the apple is closely linked with Hallowe‘en. In pagan times at the festival of Pomona, apples playâ€" ed an important part and were distributed as gifts. Children went from house to house asking for Pomona apples in the same way as Canadian children solicit Hallowe‘en _ apples today. Poâ€" mona was the Italian goddess of fruits, particularly apples (poma) and at her festival the ducking for apples in tubs of water was a distinctive feature of the celeâ€" brations in the homes. At the same time, the eve of the 31st of October, and the preceding days around the end of the month, were the occasions of harvest and other ceremonies in various countries, particularly in Britain and other countries under the sway of the Druids. When Christianity was established and the 3ist of October named as All Hallows Eve or Hallowe‘en as the vigil of Hallowmass, or All Saints Day, it was only natural that many of the pagan festivities which were in accordance with the Christian religion were adâ€" opted or continued in use by the Christianized pagans, particularâ€" ly the merry indoor customs asâ€" scciated with the apple, and in these times at Hallowe‘en it still is the principal association in the festivities for the occasion. These apples were said to show in their lopsided shape the outâ€" lire where Eve had taken a genâ€" erous bite. In this Egyptian lore there was mention of other apâ€" ples, the apples of Istkahar, all sweetness on one side and bitterâ€" ness on the other. FROM PAGAN TIMES Eden and keep it ( Genesis II.15) the apple was fated to be of overâ€" whelming impcrtance to the whole human race. In this connection, the legend of the Apples of Paraâ€" dise figured in the lore of anciâ€" ent Egypt more than 5,000 years azo. Eden any other fruit or ve deed, the apple is with the history of m: the creation. When A pointed to dress the 1,30G Years Old Back From Arctic No Other Fruit or apple i ple is more closely asâ€" withA Hallowe‘en than This Festival ruit or vegetable; inâ€" apple is interwoven of mankind im was apâ€" Garden of $00,000. raised 1,371,000 hogs last year while Ontario, with a populaâ€" tion of 3,000,000, raised 1,997,000. The Lethbridge Herald insists that it is hasty assumption that Alberta could relieve the present glut of Canadian wheat by feeding 100 million bushels of wheat to hogs and raising 6,000,000 hogs. The trouble is that it would be just as hard for Canada to market 6,000,000 hogs as it is for Canada to market 500 million bushels of wheat. bridge paper is that the Alberta farmer, at any rate, is not meroly prot an exclusive wheat man but that he actually, in proportion, raises far more hogs than Ontario does. The relevant comparison is that Alberta, with a population of "MIXED FARMING" IN WEST? ‘"Why are you such improvident, wheat miners," the Lethbridge Herald says that the East asks in effect of the Western prairle farmers, "and why don‘t you raise more stock and why generally don‘t vou zo in more for mixed farmâ€" WE‘RE HELPING JAPAN Wherefore prompt action at Otâ€" tawa seems to be demanded. It would be the height of foolishness for Canada to continue to feed Japâ€" an with material which might be used against her. LONG ARM OF LaAW Ontario has a lawyer as minister of health, and now it has another lawyer as minister of mines, Thus the law reaches everywhere and perhaps that is what is meant by the long arm of the law. new provincial taxes this year. He must have had BOTH ears to the ground this time. BOTH EARS TO GROUND Premier Hepburn, as Ontario treasurer, says thero will be no CHECKâ€"UP NEEDED "Most Canadians would welcome a Parliamentary checkâ€"up at this crucial time," opines the Financial Post. Any objections?â€"St. Thomas Timesâ€"Journal. and still in use has engines datâ€" ing from 1869. Ships built of iron have been recorded as lasting for nearly 100 years. One built in 1848 These two lessons are importâ€" ant to all naturalists and conâ€" servationists. We must know the history of other regions and of other times so that we can avoid their mistakes. We must unite our efforts; the farmer and the city dweller, the naturalist, the hunter and the angler, attackâ€" ing depletion as a whole and reâ€" storing the woods, the waters, the soil and the wildlife, if our civiâ€" lization is not to vanish as did Rome and Greece. ing their fishing. Hunters wantâ€" ed more game. . Foresters were protecting the woods and plantâ€" ing the trees. But each group has found that the limits of their work passed over into other phases of conservation. The fishermen now realize that they cannot protect the fish unless they stop soil erosion and polluâ€" tion; the forester and hunter are finding that wild life and forests are linked together. GET TOGETHER ON IT An important point brought out by Professor Sears is the way in which separate small groups, attacking sectors of the conservation problem, are now coming together in a unified efâ€" fort to stop depletion and restore the countryside. The anglers were only concerned with restorâ€" bad ~management just as our western Dustbowl was caused by the ranczor, the sod of the short grass prairie. mentioned some of these probâ€" lems. Highly developed civiliâ€" zations in all regions of the world have depleted their resources unâ€" til in time the civilization itself disappeared. Floods in China, deserts in the lands around the Mediterranean, reversion to junâ€" gles of the central villages of :Mexico. are in part traceable to more pressing problems caused by depletion. Professor P. E. Sears, an authcrity on land erosâ€" ion, speaking at Philadelphia, â€" (No. 14) â€" By G. C. TONER Ontario Federation of Anglers TWO VITAL LESSONS The conservation of Ontario‘s natural resources is a vital matâ€" ter to the people of the Proâ€" vince but it is as well to rememâ€" ber that other regions of the country and the world have even â€"Owen Sound Sunâ€"Times. VOICE PR ES S â€"Vancouver Province. answer â€"London Free Press. â€"Toronto Star. jon attempts by the Germans which had ‘been beaton off by the R.A.F. appeared in all the newspapers last week. Featured most prominâ€" ently was the story of a big atâ€" tempt on Sept. 16th, the day after Goering flew over London. Big Offensive Planned Talk of a coming "great offensâ€" ive" by the British was heard last week from Prime Minister Churcâ€" hill and three Cabinet Ministers, (Lord Lloyd, the Colonial Secretâ€" ary, A. V. Alexander, First Lord of the Admiralty, Aircraft Producâ€" tion Minister Lord Beaverbrook). This raised questions in everyone‘s mind: ‘Would the offensive come on land, in the air, or by sea? Would it involve reconquering the entire continent of Europe by fightâ€" ing Hitler and the Nazi war maâ€" Even the Russians admitted that the British were more than holdâ€" ing their own. Red Star, official organ of the Soviet Army, declared that Germany‘s air offensive against Britain had failed. The paper said that not only were the British continuing to defend themâ€" selves but were able "effectively" to carry the battle to Germany. No Invasion Till Spring? Vincent Sheean, worldâ€"famed foreign correspondent who wrote "Personal History," though frank in an opinion that Great Britain would have to have more help in war materials, said that he believed actual invasion of England would pot occur until spring andâ€"that the people could withstand the air barâ€" The coming winter will not see the defeat ‘of Great Britain, Sir Norman Angell, wellâ€"known English economist, declared in an interâ€" view at Boston last weok. The deâ€" struction caused by air raids on Great Britain during the winter, he felt, would be offset by assistance from overseas. â€" from Canada, the United States, Australia and India. Britain Wins First Round That the defending forces had woun the first round in the Battle of Britain was becoming increasâ€" ingly evident last week. The R. A. F., while maintaining mastery of the home skies was carrying the war with steadily mounting strength to eremy territory; the Royal Navy controlled the Channel and continued to enforce a strict blockade of Axisâ€"held countries fronting on the North Sea, the Atâ€" lantic and the Mediterranean; the British people were resisting the savage attacks of the Luftwaffe with magnificent spirit; North Amâ€" erica was feeding Great Britain an endless stream of planes, amâ€" munition and other war material. Reports of three separate invasâ€" Visitizts eastern defence stations, Prime Minister King took the opportunity officers and men of Canada‘s navy on their splendid work. He is shown here inspecti destroyer at anchor in an eastern port. 8 THE W ARâ€"W E E Kâ€"Commentary on Current Events REC‘LAR FELLERS â€" 100 % 14â€"Carat IS THE TIDE TURNING IN BATTLE OF BRITAIN? esmmz omm Canada‘s Prime Minister Congratulates The Navy chine off the map? Would it wait until France, Belgium, Holland, Norway, countries full of grave unâ€" rest and widespread sabotage, turnâ€" ed against their masters and tried to throw off the Nazi yoke? Would it begin with largeâ€"scale military® operations in the Axis rear â€" in the eastern Mediterranean? Crisis Nearsg In Mediterranean Events appeared to be shaping that way in the Near East last week. A British diplomatic offensâ€" ive was suggested by the meeting in Istanbul of the British Ministers to Yugoslavia, Turkey and Bulgaria, considered as a prelude to forming a new Balkan bloc to stop an Axis drive southward; the London Times urged in an editorial that Britain seize Greck naval bases and strengthen her position at the enâ€" emy‘s expense; the visit of British War Secretary Anthony Eden to _ the Near East, seen as part of an _ attempt to promote Egypt‘s interâ€" vention in the conflict against Italy and create x Balkanâ€"Arabic bloc against the Axis, obviously was worrying Germany and Italy. Turkey‘s Attitude Vital The crux of the Balkanâ€"Mediâ€" terranean situation lay in the atâ€" titude of Turkey, and by reversion, to the attitude of the Soviet diploâ€" mats from whom Turkish leadors apperred to be taking their cue. The trend seemed unmistakably to be towards stiff resistance by Turâ€" key to the demands of Germany and Italy, With Turkey in the war, Axis plans in the Mediterranean could very easily go sour. Gibraltar and Dakar But Hitler, as we have all learnâ€" ed by now, is a master of the feint. | With everyone‘s attention concenâ€" trated on the eastern Mediterranâ€" ean, he could hardly choose a betâ€" ter moment in which to make thrust through Spain (a whole Gerâ€" man division was reported to be poised there) to blitzkrieg Gibralâ€" tar and close the door of the westâ€" ern Mediterranean with the help of the Vichy government, oXce France was persuaded to reâ€"enter the war. Thence on to Dakar . . Colâ€" onel Frank Knox, Secretary of the U. S. Navy, envisioned such a posâ€" sibility when he declared last week that the fall of Gibraltar would be of ‘"immeasurable" importance to the United States if it should reâ€" sult in a German move down ‘the west coast of Africa to the vicinity of Dakar, which is only 1,600 miles from American shores. Japan Backing Down? _ The Far Eastern situation apâ€" peared to have quieted down someâ€" what. Several high diplomats in Tokio, informants said, told their home governments last week that W 6 OCV Ne opportunity to congratulate the He is shown here inspecting the officers of a Mr. Gardiner‘s filling of the post of Minister of Agriculture, as well as the war Services Ministry, was viewed as unsatisfactory in many quarters of the Dominion. Farm conferences meeting in the west called for his removal, citing his failure to do anything in the face of the drastic wheat situation . .. When asked if Premier Godbout of Quebec might be named to sucâ€" ceed Gardiner, Prime Minister King smiled last week, and did not comâ€" mit himself. f Toward the end of the week the Dominion was becoming more and more concerned with the business of Parliament just about to conâ€" vene, prorogue and reconvene. All parties made ready to jump into the debate on the address in reply to the Throne Speech ... Defense Minister Ralston postponed a trip overseas, War Services Minister Gardiner hurried back from Britain for the opening. The contest to the south of us doubtless drew a great deal more attention than it was worth. The outcome could not matter very maâ€" terially to Canada â€" nor to Great Britain, since both candidates were pledged to give her all aid, short of war, Nevertheless the presidentâ€" ial race was an exciting thing for anybody to watch. of his life, Gandha stated that he did not expect it to result in his arrest, since the imprisonment of such a popular idol would embarrâ€" ass the authorities. Election Race Hot On this side of the globo, the U. S. elections retained top position in the news. The race was gotting hotter, the margin between Roose velt and Wilkie narrowing hourly, as the big day was only halfâ€"aâ€"week «way. For the first time, this colâ€" umn considered the election of Willkie as a possibility worthy of serious consideration. Was Presiâ€" dent Roosevelt scared when he took the stump for the last rounds of the 1940 political battle? Japan‘s reaction to growing Briâ€" tishâ€"American solidarity in the Far East indicated that the Japanese felt they had lost the initiative in the Pacific, at least for the time being, and would delay any plans they might have had for early acâ€" tion in the Netherlands East Indies and elsewhere in Southeast Asia. At the same time, German agents all over the East were reported to be working to foment an open cash between Japan and Britain and the United States . . . and the Burma Road, China‘s lifeline, just reâ€"opened by Britain, was bombed repeatedly. . . Gandhi‘s "Last Campaign"‘ In India, the 72â€"yearâ€"old wizened Gandhi, leader of millions, inaugâ€" vurated an Indian Nationalist disâ€" obedience campaign which he hopâ€" ed would effect a reconciliation "not only between Britain and India but also between the warring naâ€" tions of the earth." (Reconciliation between Britain and India to come, in his eyes, only when the inâ€" dependence of India is granted). Describing it as the "last campaign" ONTARIO ARCHIVES ' TORONTO LIFE‘S LIKE THAT Net Revenue Net Revenue $ 8,927,467 $ 6,304,642 Decrease $ 2,8717,175 Aggregate to September 30 Operating Revenues $178,415,991 $142,245,937 Increase $36,170,054 Operating Expenses 150,447,675 135,593,583 Increase 14,854,092 Net Revenue 1940 1989 Operating Revenues $ 21,119,220 $ 22,645,303 Decrea Operating Expenses Operating revenues in September of this year were $21,119,229 and operating expenses $17,191,753. ; For the nine months of the present year, operating revenues were $178,415,991, an increase of $36,170,054 over the corresponding period of last year. Operating expenses up to September 30 of this year were $150,447,675, an increase of $14,854,092 over the similar period of 1989. The net revenue of $27,968,816 for the first nine months of 1940 represents an increase of $21,815,962 over the corresponding period of last year. _ _ and often known as mare‘s tails, float at an average height of 30,â€" 000 feet. The greatest height at which they have ever been measurâ€" Net revenue of $3,927,467 for the month of September $27,968,816 for the nine months period, January to September i is shown in the monthly statement of operating revenues, opera penses and net revenues of the Canadian National Railways allâ€"i system issued at headquarters last week. as they affected the weather. Toâ€" day they are studied with the ut most care, their size, density, and height. Cirrus, the tiny fleecy clouds seen only in fine weather C. N. RAILWAY "Let‘s put Until the invention of the aeroâ€" plane few people troubled their keads about clouds except in so far Some Clouds Are Nine Miles High age and drag the obsiruction deeper into the lungs. To cough correctly, take a full, deep breath through the nose and then cough with great force. That this method is effective was demonâ€" strated by a medical man who, with one correct effort, expelled a pea which had lodged in his lung. means of expelling congestion from the breathing system, and there is a right and a wrong way to cough, a medical authority tells us. The correct way is to fill the lungs with air, then sudâ€" denly expel it. The air should be drawn through the nose, filling the stomach and then the chest. If it is admitted through the mouht, it is not preâ€"warmed, and may therefore contract the passâ€" In First Nine Months of 1940 of $21,315,962, Net, Over Corresponding Period Last Year s How Do You Cough? Nature _inbendeg the cough as a The summaries follow: Ne kn t Nee ce mt t 8 c snn w on Cirrus, Tiny Fleecy Clouds, Float at Average Height of 30,000 Feet it this way, then . . . Make believe we‘re sitting in the parkâ€"up jumps a goblin, an‘ you‘re scared!" $ 27,968,816 $ 20003407 $ 25,010,0005 Decreas 17,191,758 _ 16,840,661 Increase Mconth of September SHOW BIG INCREASE By GENE BYRNES peace since the beginning of the eighteenth century was the thirtyâ€"nine years following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. Steel mills are giving priority to war orders, resulting in the work at the Ontario Reformatory being delayed, but officials said there will be sufficient material to complete the markers on time. Production of Ontario motor markers for 1941 is being slightâ€" ly delayed due to a shortage of sheet metal, officials of the proâ€" vincial â€" secretary‘s department said last week. The markers, however, will be ready for issuâ€" ance about December 1, or beâ€" fore. 6,652,3854 Increase New Car Markers Ready December 1 ed is 43,800 feet, THICKEST ONES ARE LOWEST The middle clouds, called cirroâ€" cumults, move at heights between 10,000 and 23,000 feet, while the lower and heavier clouds are usâ€" ually between 3,000 and 7,000 feet. The thickest clouds are the great cumulus or thunder clouds, which wsually have a flattish base and towering, mountainâ€"like summits. The lower part of such a cloud may be only 4,000 feet above earth‘s surface, but the top is 16,000 feet, giving a thickness of about two and a half miles. Rain cloud hangs low, its average height above the sea being only a couple of thousâ€" and feet. The height of clouds is easily obtained by means of photoâ€" graphy, two cameras being used at once. The longest period of world [ F3 By Fred Neher tember and of ember inclusive s, operating exâ€" ays allâ€"inclusive Mtbtbiitizen tmatitiitantiancinesaman ussal rmmag «Decrease _ e $ 1,526,083 : 851,092 $21,315,902 Increase or