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nadXs remedY he high Yonge, is when t please. apers »nal enues It~ ALE HEEL~ e paid. x sold ADIESf 116,026 & sayvâ€" were 323,.061 Pre XMâ€" 364 OR )ers 809 SO7 NR 744 160 to All= 20 its A thousand war refugees arâ€" rived last week in Miami, Fa., from Great Britain, snugly proâ€" tected by moss and excelsior and packed into 10 wooden cases. They constitute the orchid coiâ€" lection of the Duke of Westminâ€" ster and were sent over Rere "for the duration." ing his course. The "beam" from the airport which he has left is usually joined by the "beam" from the airport to which he is heading, with the reâ€" sult that the pilot can fly directâ€" ly along the "beam" to his desâ€" By modern navigation methods the aircraft pilot is normally able to reasonably well define his course in the air, and aided by the ‘"beam" flies a direct course to his destination. Modern aircraft flying comâ€" mercial routes are usually guided to their destination by a radio **beam" transmitted from a conâ€" trol station at the airport. Orâ€" dinary radio transmission sends out signals in waves, much the same as when a stone is dropped into a pool of water, creating widening ripples. However, "beam" transmission creates a strong signal or impulse sent out in a straight line in the direction of a given point. Other systems use a double "beam," as many have been the case in this acâ€" cident. If one "beam" or haif fails, the pilot may stray. SETS COURSE TO "BEAM" Accordingly, an aircraft pilet on leaving his airport, tunes his receiver to this "beam" and as long as he can hear the signal he knows he is on his correct route. If the signal fades, he knows that he is flying away from the beam, and corrects this fault by chansâ€" Most Airlines Using Beams T. D. Switzer, senior execuâ€" tive of the T. Eaton Company, Limited, who has been appointed dicector cf Ordnance Services (General Stores) of the Militia Service, Ottawa. New Director of Ordnance Grading will be done by the marketing service of the agriculâ€" ture dept. or, in some large estabâ€" lishments, by graders employed by the dealers. Their work will be inspected regularly by the department. No innovation to the wool inâ€" dustry, grading has been in efâ€" fect for nearly 25 years on volâ€" untary basis, the official said. About half of Canada‘s wool has been sold through the Canadian Coâ€"operative Wool Growers‘ Asâ€" sociation, which has used the grading system now being made compulsory MARKETING SERVICE WILL DO IT All wool will be graded within 14 days after it leaves the proâ€" ducers‘ premises and identity of each producer‘s wool must be maintained until it has been graded. Then a statement will be sent to the producer defining the grades into which the wool has been placed and the amount in each grade. Grading will show exactly wha: qualities of various types of wool are available for military and other purposes, he said, and show the wool administrator, David C. Dick, exactly what quantities must be imported. Wool Grading Now Required Compulsory grading of all Canadian unwashed fleeced wool will go into effect next January 1, an official of the Dominion agriculture department has arâ€" ncunced. Orchid Refugees Signals In Waves; Pilot Can Telt When He is Off Course After January 1 â€" Unwash ed, Fleeced Product of Canâ€" ada Affected It toock seven days for the news of the great Marlborough‘s vice tory at Blenneim in i1704 to reach London. In Lorain, Ohio, police held their annval clambake. Guest of honor was Mike Elick, whom for one reason and another they have arressed 137 times. VITAL WORDS SURVIVE Whether or not words survived in the changes by which the lanâ€" guage is recreated depends on the vitality of the word, the lecturer pointed out. Some words, in ‘the process of change, ascend, a&nd others deteriorate in their usage. If Shakespeare were reading bis plays to an audience today the lisâ€" teners would have difficulty in grasping his meaning, and Chaveâ€" er‘s reading of his works would be unintelliginle, Professor Carruthers remarked. Near Newport, Vt., Lawrence C. Parminter‘s house straddles the Canadian border. For paperâ€" ing the Canadian wall of the house with undeciared U.S. wallâ€" paper, a Canadian magistrate fined him £50. For example, if you called a man a "silly idiot," he would not real ize that literally you were desâ€" ignating him as "one fortunate enâ€" ough to stay out of politics," the old usage of "idiot" being to indicate a private citizen who did not conâ€" cern himself with public affairs, while "silly" denoted "fortunate." The lady‘s "boudoir," now suggestâ€" ing charm and beauty, was at one time ‘"a place to sulk,." A "stewâ€" ard" once meant "a swineherd," and to be "nice" was to be "foolâ€" ish" or "stupid." You would not please a woman by calling her & ‘hussy," although the word in its original application meant a "houseâ€" wife." The rise and fall to which words in the English language are liable was indicated in an address by Prof. Clive H. Carruthers, M.A., Ph. D., professor of Classical Philoâ€" logy at McGill University, in a reâ€" cent address on "The Romance of Words." He examined for his audâ€" ience the derivation of certain words, pointing out the way some of them have departed from their original usage. Common Words Change Usage a small cireular patch down through the ooze and debris. Here the eggs are laid by the female and the male remains on guard for seeral weeks. He protects the eggs from numerous minnows and other enemies and he guards the young fry until they are able to fend for themseives. In fact, the breeding of the common sunâ€" fish is essentially the same as the black basses, a fact that would be expected when one knows that boht are members of the same family, known to the scientist as the Centrarchidae. So rememâ€" ber, the next time you catch a sunfish that you are taking a cousin of our best known game fish, the black bass Common Sunfish The common sunfish constructs a nest in which the eggs are laid. In the shallow water of the sandy or weedy bays the male will clear Found everyhere in southern Ontario the common sunfish is & very pretty fish. Its colours are blue, green and lemon yellow with a distinct red patch on the soâ€"called ear. These sunfish live on most all creatures of the water, snails, insects, various kinds of worms; they are one of nature‘s ways of turning unconâ€" sidered material into food that will be available for many larger creatures. G. C. TONER, Ontario Federation of Anglers (NO. 18) PAN FISHES There are a number of smaller fishes that seem to have been put in our waters for the particular delight of the small boy, and for that matter, they often interest his dad. The sunfishes of this group are the most abundant and the most easily eaught of the pan fish,. A long pole, any kind of a line, a float and a sinker, a fairâ€" ly large hook; with this equipâ€" ment one can catch a mess of fish to my mind that are better eating than either of the basses. Propâ€" erly cleaned, filleted, dipped in flour and fried in deep bacon fat, our sunfish can compare with any of the river fishes of Ontario. Found everyhere in southern Honored Guest Customsâ€"built McGill University Professor Declares A 1940 Audience Would Have Difficulty In Unâ€" derstanding Shakespeare if He Spoke To Them Today uns tecte P 1 ) Te W diet P on m e m s !';G f.2 ...,;;:-_.;‘ Â¥. ;&.‘ «y 4 "~aNe m nton it o] c in Aags t 62 Nn Emperor Hirohito of Japan shown delivering his message to War Minister Gen. Tojo following the military review held on the Yogoki paradi g'{ouxgrds in Tokyo to marhl‘c‘rtrhe 2,600th anniversary of the foundâ€" ing of the Japanese empire. The emperor‘s aideâ€"deâ€"camp, Gen. Ban Husanuma, is directly behind his majesty. Poor, brave Greeks! ~ Though able singleâ€"handed to put the Italians to rout, they could not be expected to counter a big German push through either Yugoslavia _ or Bulgaria, â€" or through both at once. They might, if Turkey were drawn into the So, King Boris of Bulgaria was bidden last week to Berlin; Foreign Minister Suner of Spain to Salzburg; the chief Ministers of Hungary rushed to Vienna there to meet with Ribbentrop and Ciano and the Japanese Amâ€" bassador to Germany, and sign a new treaty of partnership with the totalitarian powers. Only Yugoslavia seemed to have been left out of the Axis‘ current corâ€" ference diplmacy, but that Balkâ€" an kingdom was swiftly being outflanked, militarily, and from an economic point of view was already within the Germanâ€"Italâ€" ian orbit. German and Italian diplomacy, which Axis spokesmen have callâ€" ed "a form of war", appeared last week to be directed toward consolidating all of the continent of Europe into one totalitarian bloc, hermetically sealed against any incursion of British nifluâ€" ence. With Austria, Czechosloâ€" vakia, Poland, Albania, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, France, already under the Naziâ€" Fascist heel, only the loose ends â€"the Balkans and Spain â€" reâ€" mained to be tied into the "new economy". Yes, half a million German THE W ARâ€"W EE Kâ€"Commentary on Current Events Yugoslavia Outflanked One of 13 Italian bombers which were shot down in raids over England on Nov shown as it was examined and guarded somewhere in England. Celebrating the 2600th Anniversary of Japan Hungary Joins Axis RECG‘LAR FELLERS â€" Snow White Duffy AXIS POWERS MOVING TO CONSOLIDATE CONTINENT AN ITTALIAN BOMBER ISs DOWNED OVER BRITAIN lati) NC L. W n Supiat s 80e M uen t Ree ie ts o+ I d y l9 3 5 m P Ne ofi Cuptitty nail. iz A _ move through _ Bulgaria might prove bad strategy on the part of Germany. Kirke L. Simpâ€" son, writing for the Associated Press, said in part: "Bulgarian eniry into the war, actively or passively, would expose Gerâ€" many‘s most vital war resource, Rumanian oil, to instant British air attack because Britain then would be free to fly across Buiâ€" garia from bases in Greece . . . One obvious element in Hitler‘s policy on the Balkan front from the beginning of the war has been concern over security of the Ruâ€" manian oil field." Bidding For Spain Hitler‘s reported attempts to buy off Spain with promises of a large section of Morocco were construed by experts to mean that he wished to split the Britâ€" ish fleet in the Mediterranean which would have to answer Axis troops last week were poised in Rumania, ready to go against Greece. Through Yugoslavia? They might encounter fierce reâ€" sistance. Through _ Bulgeria? That was another question, capâ€" able of only an involved answer. Turkey The Obstacle Bulgaria‘s submission to Axis pressure was contingent upon a number of factors, of which these two weighed heaviest: the nation was split into three camps, proâ€" Nazi, proâ€"British and proâ€"Soviet (80% of the population, it was estimated last week, leaned toâ€" ward coâ€"operation with Russia); again, if â€" Bulguria â€" attacked Greece, or permitted passage through of German troops, Turâ€" key was pledged to come to Greece‘s gid. 2A DA It was indeed becoming more obvious that Britain would have to increase both navy and merâ€" chant marine if she were to win the war. She would have to augâ€" ment her shipâ€"building program at home with further purchases in the U.S. or swaps for bases; and depend more heavily on the Canâ€" adian navy for convoy work and mineâ€"sweeping duties. More Ships for Canada Last week Canada‘s Naval Minâ€" ister Angus L. Macdonald anâ€" nounced the Dominion‘s new naâ€" val policy. Destroyers, perhaps cruisers, Mr. Macdonald declared, would be built in Canadian yards; more merchant vessels turned out; a Canadian Naval College imâ€" mediately established to train skilled seamen. Canada was inâ€" deed preparing to assume a larger burden of naval service. Drop in Bacon Price Announcement to the effect that Canada had contracted to supply Britain with $105,741,000 worth of food in the coming year, exclusive of wheat, was made in the House of Commons by Minâ€" ister of Agriculture Gardiner... Cheering news; but not at rll pleasing for Canadian hogâ€"producâ€" ers who had to shoulder a 2c¢â€"aâ€"lb. drop in the price of bacon . . . H. H. Hannan, president of the Canadian Federation of Agriculâ€" Battle of Atlantic Another U.S. political observer, Walter Lippman, wrote on the issues of the war: "Now as from the beginning of this war, now as in the first World War, now as in the Napoleonic wars, the outâ€" come depends upon the control of the Atlantic Ocean. In the end the victory will go to the powers which can use the ocean to supply themselves and can cut off their enemies from the nonâ€"European world. For Europe cannot be conquered in Europe. Europe cannot live within Europe. Europe cannot be at peace with itself unless it is at peace with the outer world. This is the reason why Hitler‘s victories on the land of Europe did not finish the war. This is the reason why even the invasion of Britain or the destrucâ€" tion of Britain from the air would only be the means to an end, the means to the control of the Atâ€" lantic Ocean. This is the reason why the renewal of his war against British shipping is much the most serious of all his efforts to win the war . . ." attacks in the eastern and westâ€" ern ends simultaneously. One of the big forces operating against Axis success in the western Mediâ€" terranean theatre was the effort being made by the United States to placate Spain with American dollars or American foodstuffs and keep Franco out of the war. ‘"Missed Bus" in Earnest That Hitlee muffed his chance to beat Britain . into submission September 15, "the last day" of the mass aerial attack on Lonâ€" don, was the opinion expressed last week by Ralph Ingersoll, ediâ€" tor of "PM" who had just reâ€" turned from a fortnight‘s stay in the British capital. Britain was ready that day, he said, for the knockout blow, but Hitler let the opportunity go by. Although now, the Battle of Britain is in its sixth month, Hitler‘ll never succeed in cracking the British, he declared. v. 11, this crashed bombâ€" ONTARIO ARCHIVES }f TORONTO PUT END TO CONFUSION There has throughout all these years of controversy been one universal opinion, and that is the Federal Government should either declare Daylight Saving or Standard Time, the one and only time for Canada. The people as a whole are tired of this recurâ€" ring confusion, and the differâ€" ence of an hour in time between LIFE‘S LIKE THAT The school hours provide quite enough seriousness and mental concentration for tkhe little folk. Let them have the evenings free. â€"Guelph Mercury. NO QUIET SINCE The first broadcast was put on the air 20 years ago last month. And the world hasn‘t had a quiet moment since. EXPORTS TO JAPAN If Canada can cut off exports of copper to Japan, she ought also be able .to do something about reducing that country‘s imports of other metals from the Dominion, including the 4,000 tons of lead that are going forâ€" ward from a smelter at Trail, WOULD ABOLISH HOMEWORK Homework today is certainly not as serious a proposition as a few years ago, but there is a wideâ€"spread feeling that it should be abolished. After forty months of war in China, Japan was reported to be seeking direct peace negotiations with General Chiang Kaiâ€"shek, head of the Chinese Government and army. But Chinese army spokesmen, when questioned, said that China, far from contemplatâ€" ing peace, was preparing for three more years of war if necesâ€" sary â€" at any rate she would fight on until a decision had been reached in the New World War. war policies, the Finance Minister and his assistants were busy framing appropriations w hich might total something like $2,â€" 000,000,000 . . . Biggest Budget Canada last week was preparâ€" ing not only the largest national budget in its history, but an exâ€" penditure far larger than anyone would have considered possible a year ago. While Parliamen:t continued to debate in generalâ€" ities the Government‘s future ture, voiced the indignation of countless Canadian farmers who felt themselves discriminated against and called upon to make an unequal sacrifice in the war effort . . . â€"Brockville Recorder ‘"We‘d like to go to the Rose Bow! for a Christmas present." VOICE PRE S S China Will Wait â€"Kitchener Record. Times. By GENE BYRNES who is Chi Naval Staff. Canadian Naval Staff Chief ings, and finished products in Canada were valued at $75,934,â€" 481 in 1939, an increase of 27 per cent over 1938. Factory sales of pig iron, ferâ€" roâ€"alloys, steel ingots and castâ€" "Increased production is being given every encouragement by members of the Canadian Proâ€" duce Association, believing that an increased supply will be reâ€" quired by the British food minâ€" istry, and that helping to provide part of the essential foodstufis to the United Kingdom is part of Canada‘s national war effort," he said. The price of eggs in Canada would be maintained at a satisâ€" factory level despite increased overseas demand. Canada Ships Ten Times More Eggs There was every indication that storage egg stocks in Canada were the lowest on record. Canada has exported 10,000,â€" 000 dozen eggs in the past year compared with 1,000,000 dozen in an average year, John 1. Brown of Mcentreal, secretaryâ€" treasurer of the Canadian Proâ€" duce Association, said last week in addressing the produce secâ€" tion of the Winnipeg Board of the towns and the adjacent rural districts. If Daylight Saving is essential for Canada as a war measure the rural districts would coâ€"operate in that as in everyâ€" thing else, so why not have Dayâ€" light Saving Time from one end of Canada to the other for the duration of the war? REAR ADMIRAL PERCY W. NELLES is Chief of the Canadian Ten Million Dozen Have Moved Overseas in the Past Year â€" Storage Down â€"Pembroke Bulletin. By Fred Nceher râ€" e en en neme > 1® &‘ slf ## iel. witK in Tt We Potly Iy We