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The only liberty that a man, worthy of the name, ought to auk for, is, to have all seatrictiona, inward or outward, removed that prevent his doing what he ought.â€"F. that prevant hi W. lgm The Y. M. C. A. of Cambridge, Mauss., raised $20,000 for the erection of a new building at a banquet one evening last week. A Daring Operation. The first operation for the removal of the jugular was performed in India by an English surgeon, & Dr. Smith, on an East Indian, who had such & bad tumor on his neck that death was certain. To cut down and take out m piece of the famous old vein was simply & rash experiment in which Dr. Smith himself had little confidence. As soon as the news of its success was distributed through the medical world the vein immediately lost some of its great prestige and the tumor of the neck much of it« horror. You may be sure that Dr. Smith did not tell the Indian what ho was wbout to do or the poor fellow would probably huve died of fright on the spot, for the ignorant natives of India regard the juguiar as the seat of all life. But the prestige of the juguiar has received even a greater blow, â€" A few weeks ago in m case of inflaummaticn of both sides ot the walle of the neck and the resulting disease of both jugulars and the tirsue around | them, of a patient in a British hospital| wnother rash experiment was attemptedâ€" | the removal of both jngul.n.hu 7 It succeeded. | The patient is upon his feet sgain and |; 1 as he ever was and to be slushed in | t.h':z‘nhr has now no terrors for him. . | _ A London gunsmith, who sells a great many chain body protectors, which fit aimost like an ordinary vest, and are very expensive, sells a large number of them to army mea, and he not long ago sent a gross, as many as he could get made in the time, to Japun, where they were quickly sold. He has made for individual officers who have themselves drawn the design,a variety of different patterns of armor. Fine flexible chains and leather have entered into nearly all of them. ‘ Only those who have been in actual conâ€" flict know how valuable all the chains mentioned are in minimizing the effects of sword cuts, As regards protection both from sword and buliet the general belief nowadays seems to be in thoroughly tanned leather, and great quantities are made for officers, the favorite patternâ€"said to be the invention of the late Sir Richard Bartonâ€" being that which formsa not too prominent i ridge down the center of the chest. Many J stoties are told by officers of bullets which have been averted in some degree by these leather tunics, some of which are lined with woven steel wire. . Of course, none ot these things aresupposed to be an absolute protection, but only a sort of palliative, The commonest and most usual type of these protections consists of fine but beautiâ€" sully tempered single chains, inclosed in foft leather,which run along the shoulders, down the outer side of the arms, and over certain parts of the body. These can either be sewn into a particular tunic, or they can be adjusted separately und put on like harness. Hundreds upon hur.dreds of thee: sets are sold. The most valuable of all chains in connection with accoutrements wre those which guard the head ; and in cases where the regulation cap or helmet is not sufficiently protected in this way, specially made chains are sewn inside the same and covered by the lining. that mail protection did not entirely pass away with the shelving of the shield and cuirass, . Many English officers still wear a partial armor when serving on foreign stations. The experiments with bullet proof coats and material which have been conducted wbroad, have called attention to the fact Quite a Lot of it Exists, in Spite of the Time. would like to know, h catarrh is also prevalent wnd the other Eastern c Uncer the circumstances 1t seems plausible to attribute the nasal twang noticeable in the speech of New Englanders and Corn ishmen to the same pathological cause, namely, a chronic cold in the head. One #rct that & large proportion of existing Cornishmen suffer from *"nasal, postâ€"nasal, and pharyngeal catarrh." ‘The same disâ€" ease was formerly. and we believe is still extremely This attempt to account for Yankee twang on historical grounds is repudiated by Dr. Symons Eccles, who maintains that the nasal inflection is the outcome of pbysical surroundings. That new England was not largely settled by Cornishmen he concedes, but he finds significance in the fact that m large proportion of existing Admitting that the soâ€"called Yankee twang was carried to New England by colonists from Devonshire, Lincolnshire, and other parts of the mother country where it is still met with, we pass to the further inquiry how this nasal inflection rose,. . Was it due to a pathological cause, he outcome of the physical environment, or was it deliberately adopted as a sort of shibboleth to distinguish GoG‘s people from the ungodly * Lord Archibald Campbell, who, as we scarcely need point out, is a descendant of the greatest house among the Covenanting lords in Scotland, contends,in aletter on the subject, that the Yankee twang originated in the mode of speech affected by the English Puritans to mark: them off from the Cavaliers. _ There is no doubt that the English literature of the seventeenth ceatury is full of allusions to the cultivation by the rigid Puritans of distinctions from their worldly opponents, in their manner of utterance as well as m, the tenor of their taik, the fashion of their clothes,and the style of wearing their hair. The maintenance of such distinctions would naturally be inculcated in the New World, as long, at least the prinetpal New England colonies remained theocraâ€" cies, and thus certain peculiarities of inflection, deportment, and garb would become habitual with the whole community and characterize the training of succeeding gencrations, ower classes. lf so, it is evident that atarrhal complaints must flourish under mditions the most diverse as regards umidity of climate. asal mode In the lail following the general election, the London newspapers have found themâ€" selves somewhat at a loss for interesting topics of discussion,. They have seized, herefore, on a suggestion made by m correapondent of the Times that the nasal twang, once if not still observable in the speech of New Englanders, may beexplainâ€" «d upon the theory that many of the first settlers of New England came from Cornwall, where the same peculiarity of utterance is encountered at the present day. The objection to this hypothests is that there is no proof that any considerable: fraction of the founders of the Plymouth colony, or of Massachusetts Bay, were ratives of Cornwall. It is certain, on the other hand, that many of them came from Devonshire and Lincolnshire. Now, it is a fact that a nasal inflection still characterizes the dialects spoken by the humbler people not only in Devonshire, but in Lincolnshire and other eastern counties, Mcreover, it is precisely in these districts that other traces of linguistic inheritance are found in the form of local idioms, which have been usually but erroncously classified as Amerâ€" icanisms. MODERN ARMOR CUBBENT XOTES. II naracter in Lincolnshire New England. seems plausible n of existing er. whether where & rizes the Robert Pate, an Australian millionaire, whose death is reported, struck Queen Victoria in the face with a cane forty years ago, when he was m lieutenant in the Tenth Hussars, For this be was banished to Australin, _ fHe amassed great wealth, but was never permitted to leave Australia, ’ Canadian banks are ever ready to len4 aid to deserving merchants, and through ’t.'neu- heip many frms have been carried through a troublesome period. Across th line at present there is a cry against the withdrawal of gold from the treasury. This is used as a bear factor in the speculaâ€" tive share market, and on it the value of many securities take a big drop. The banks, in their eagerness to get gold, forget that the public are watching their depesits and will make a run as soon as they refuse to discount the bills of solvent business men. 1 SECURING THEIR OWN SAFETY, they think of the increasing scarcity of gold, and by refusing to discount the ordinary amount of bills they seek to lessen the amount of their own liabilities. In case a run upon them should arise they seek to lessen the amount upon which the rur can be made. The very means which they take to prevent a run, produces a run, When the commercial community finds that it is impossible for them to get their bills discounted they call up every dollar of their deposits. When they canâ€" not get money in one way they must get it in another. The general public, catching infection, join in the run on the banks, and the result is, if the monetary instituâ€" tions continue to refuse discounts, that the banks, after a feverish scramble among themselves for the possession of the small stock of gold, stop one after another or by agreement simultaneously, as was the case with the New York banks several times. ’ When the bank refuses to discount a general crash follows, In ordinary times “ when credit is good a merchant may aflord to wait a little before getting his bills cashed, for at such time he is little pressed by his fellow merchants to whom he is in~ debted ; but in times of m commercial or monetary crisis he cannot wait. Every man then, to secure himself is pressing his debtors for payment and if the banks at wuch times refuse to discount bills as usual nothing but bankruptcy can be the issue, even for firms which are perfectly solvent. The banks when they take the course, which they generally do in the first period of m crieis, doubtless act from m good motive. . They think of in the purchase of the current debts of commerce, A manufacturer supplies a merchant with $5,000 .worth of goods and receives from him (or draws upon for) the same amount,and as the merchant‘s money is nearly all invested in his business, the bill 1s not made payable until the lapse of such time, three months generally, as may: be required by him to sell at least a portion of the goods which he has purchased. The manufacturer in like manner, having his capital invested in his business, and not being able to wait till the three months have expired, takes the bill to the bank and gets it cashed, receiving the $5,000, less the interest for three months at the current rate, . All commerce is carried on in this way,and a great economy of capit«) is effected. In times of panic the demand upon banks is a serious one, ‘The run is for deposits, and no bank can pay its deposits at once, whether in gold or in notes. But it is easy to see how this run for deposits is occasionâ€" ed. The ordinary business of banking cousists int he discount of commercial bills, The whole system is based upon the maintenance of the ordinary relations of credit and without the maintenance of credit no amount of gold that the banks can command will ever suflice to secure the of England itself could not at any time redeem all its notes in gold. In fact, paper money would be of no use at allif an equal umount of gold were to be kept in the banks. obtain a profit on their depositors‘ money as well as on their own. ‘The capital of a bank may be two or three million dollars, that amount being liable to be calied up, if necessary :o meet engagements, but only a part of tha: sum is paid up. The larger thecapital the greater is the security for depositors, and the greater thesecurity the greater is likely to be the amount intrusted to the bank‘s keeping. On the otherl band, the smaller the amount of capitae paid up the greater will be the percentag of profits to the shareholders. 1 The sole object and advantage of paper money is that it economizes gold. In «:â€" dinary times it is found that an amount of speci¢, oneâ€"third or oneâ€"fourth of the issue of notes is more than sufficient to maintain the convertibility of these issues. The whility of banks to redeem their notes in gold in time of panicis a myth. The bank ) _ Theessential requirement of good banking is security for its depositors. Individual traders, whose tailure or success only affects themseives, may employ their money in any way they like, but a bank trades with other people‘s money and the consideration of the public, who ’Fhsce their money in a bank as security. The science in banking consists not in employing money at the highest rates, but in the safest manner,and in Canada this is generally done. The explanation of the large dividends paid by successful banking institutions is that they ‘ advances of the country. It is in Scotland that economy of capital is in its mout perfect form, and Canada is closely following in its footsteps. Here every little town has its bank, branches of the parent institutions in the capital. Each of these branches becomes a reservoir for the spare money of the surrounding district, and farmers,farm laborors and country storekeepers deposit their money in the bank. The managers of taese branches, living in the midst of their customers, and knowing well the character and cirenmstances of those they deal with, lend aid to any of their clients who are in need of it and who are deserving of confiâ€" ‘ dence. In this way the depositor, instead of keeping his money in u strong box or a. stocking as formerly, receives interest on his savings, and is so much richer, and the industry of the country is heiped along by the advances which the bank managers make on mocerate terms. The greater part of the surplus money in each district is transferred to the central banking iostitutions, where it is employed in the g]scount of mercantile bills and in many other ways which develop industry and expand commerce,. The spare money of the country is transferred to the chief places of industry,and aids manufacturing, which gives employment to many men. This, it is claimed in Scotland,is the reason that the country has made such rapid The economizing of our money as much as anything else is the agency which is giving to Canadian commerce its enormous expansion, _ The appliances of banking have a similar effect on the country. The banks have economized enormously the wealth of every country in which, like our own, they have been well developed. Private banks, in several ways, are & beneâ€" fit to the country, especially if the proprieâ€" tors are wealthy men, for this is requisite to ensure confidence ; bu* the introduction of the joint stock system gave the private institutions their death blow, This system gave to blnking an immense expansion,and aiso Monctary Institutions Which Retuse to Discount Mercantile Rills in Times of Trouble Draw Upon Themselves a RKun for Deposits, ’ Within the past twenty years many changes have taken place in the manufacâ€" turing and farming industriee. *‘ Waste nothing" is the motto, and the word. *‘refuse" is known no more. It is now seen. that everything is of use if taken to the right place, or put to its right purpose. The making of many small gains is now considered m safer and more profitable mode of business than aiming at a few large ones. . The successful operator in stocks or options in grain is the one who is content with small gains. ) ECONOMIZING OF OUR MONEY EXâ€" PANDS CANADIAN COMMERCE. THE SCIENCE OF BANKINE. DISCOUNTS IN CANADA, CONVERTIBILITY OF THE NOTE. INCREASED THE AVAILABLE CAPITAL BANK DEPOSITS, _ It is a poor and disgraceful thing not to be able to reply, with some degree of cerâ€" tainty, to the simple questions, * What will you do? What will you do ?‘â€"John Foster. j f A Creepy Kind of Sweetheart. From a country town comes the story of a girl who has lost by death three men to whom she was successively engaged. In the first instance the youth to whom she had been betrothed for a year and a half expired on the very eve of the wedding. In the second,another young man,to whom she had been engaged soon after the melanâ€" choly event, died a few days before the marriage,and his successor in her affections has now shared a similar fate. â€" It scems that sundry ancientfemales of the neighborâ€" hood, attributing this series of calamities to the fact that the young woman has the ‘evil eye," have calmly suggested that the only remedy is to be found in burning her alive. (in that score sheneed have no fear, of course, but the general opinion is that her chances of meetinf with a fourth suitor are now infinitesimal. ‘The unlucky girl is described as being of an a.niable and sympathetic disposition, and as being, moreover, of very attractive appearance. Mnnelur t Ees ieesinenin e lt ie o. ane en o h ol 1 In nearly every case the big banks are chary of speaking of the manner in which they keep thsir treasures,. One bank permits only its managers anc an assistant to visit certain strong room#, while another, to guard against any tendency shown by the watchmen to fall asleep, presents its servants with chairs on which they can sit in acertain position. If one falls asleep and moves in the chair, the piece of furniâ€" ture .closes up and throws him upon the floor. The result is that unless the watchâ€" men can sleep standing or walking, the employers of the bank are bound to keep their eyes open. The safes and deed boxes used by the safe deposit company are remarkable for their security. Deedsand share certificates representing a value of hundreds of thousâ€" ands of pounds are stored in them, and most of the boxes are fitted with combinaâ€" tion keys so constructed as to prevent anyone picking them or solving the comâ€" bination puzzle, which is of a most intricate description, fema on Every bauk and insurance company‘s office in London has its own strong room and safes,in which may be stored valuables, etc. The strong rooms of Coutts‘ bank are a sight to see, and if their contents could be revealed it would be found that more crowned heads thon the queen deposit their moneys and valuables in that old establishment in the Strand. The newer banks probably possess even safer strong rooms, for in their instruction the latest improvements are incorporated. Even if a into the hands of thieve Modern locks, bolts and electricity and other scienti caused hundreds of wouldâ€"} to retire or to spend mar under a sentence of penal s Of the stored di don, it is fuland th that rare The NMoney "‘Well, that all depends. Of course, Boney is the cleverest, and picks up things quicker than the others, and, in fact, she helps to teach them. _ Some trifling moveâ€" ments which you have seen on the stage have cost me two years‘ assiduous labor. A singleâ€"movement I have made them 1e« peat from 50 to 200 times a day. But, once they have it, Tâ€"can rely upon them. 1 have only to give the sign and they are there, One of the most difficult things was to get Boney to understand that she must keep time, regular time, in playing the organ. But, cow she understands it. her timeâ€" keeping is that of a born musician, . As for the tricycle, it was more difficult to design w machine than to teach Boney to ride. She took to it without uny great difficulty, and in spite of some accidents, she has always shown wonderful intelligence in steering." ‘‘What were the accidents *" ‘ *‘\Well, on one occasion, on a somewhat small and sloping stage when we were in: France, Boney could not make the turn in [ume, and ran into the orchestra. The players fortunately foresaw the avalanche and got out of the way, but the machine was ruined. On ancther occasion, on a small built stage at Budaâ€"Pesth, Molly’ overbalanced herself while standing on her | head on a barrel, and toppled over on the | big drum, doing damage which cost me $30 to repair, As a rule, however, they are wonderful, ‘The manner in which their businees is carried on on the stage proves ousiners is carried on C how thoroughly they ar I have only to give ther thing is done." ‘‘How long does it take to teach them a ‘trick,‘ or a point in the performunce, whatever vou may term it ?" the most tenderâ€"hearted of the three, and was very much cut up, When the curtain fell she followed me to the stable with great tears rolling down hercheeks, and it was not until I had made friends, and told herthat she was forgiven, that she became horself again." : They Understand English and Weep When Reprimanded. Some trained elephants ure now being exnibited in New York by a Scotch traveler named Lockbart, who has educated them himself, and unlike many trainers, says that affection and confidence are the secreta of controlling this most interesting of beasts. Lockhart is a dapper little man; has large and kindly biack eyes and aseases in the plainest manner possible. He does not carry a goldâ€"headed cane, nor does he wear a diamond cross. â€" But as an clephant trainer he is a genius of the first water. "‘The secret of my success, I believe," said Mr. Lockbart, ‘"lies in constant attention, kindness, and when necessary, wbsolute firmmess, On arriving at m newl town I invariably see my elephants comâ€" fortably stowed away and fed before I go to my own hotel. Except for the early breakfast I am always present at their lme&ln. I bring them sweetments, buns, knots of sugar, and when they are sick I Inttend to them carefully. Then they look to me for everything. They know every word I say, and do everything I wish, so far as they can, I treat them just as I would children. Indeed, I am much more careful of them than I am of my own children, because while I have to support my children, the elephants in point of fact support me." _ **What is your mode of punishment ?" *‘Well, really, the animals are so fon of me and so tractable, that beyond a stern | look and an occasional harsh word, little is needed. Of course, I can always cut off | suppliesâ€"that is, reduce their food, and this they foel very strongly. A few nights ago Moliy was somewhat slow at her tricks on the stage, and as 1 passed her one time I gave her m fierce scowl, and growled between my teeth, ‘This is very bad, I shall not be friende with you.‘ Molly is the most tenderâ€"hearted of the three, and was very p\}x_ch cut up, \\'i_n:n l,hg ‘cu,-t.uiin SOME NEW TRICK ELEPHANTS. _muitons of pounds of treasure ring the year in the banks of Lonâ€" interesting to learn that, so careâ€" rough is the aystem ofsurveillance, y more than a few thousands get hands of thieves and burglars, locks, boits and bars, aided by r and other scientific means, have WELL GUARDED the Canrk of England Am ply Protected. give them the word and the many weary years e bank burclars Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive lgeclul notice in the Scientific American, and thus are brought widely before the publicwith= out cort to the inventor. ‘This splendid paper, insued woekly, elegantly ilustrated. has !;z!ar the largest circulation of any seientific work in thy world. $3 a year. Somple o&pes sent free. Bmldlng Edition, monthly, $2.50 a year. Singlo eoples, 23 cents, Every number contrins beau» tiful plates, in colore, ind ghomamnhn of new houses, with plans, enabling builders to show the latest desikms and secure contracts. _Addross h oo e e g{ompt answer and an honest opinion, write to UNN & CO., who have had nearly fifty years‘ experience in the patent business. Communicaâ€" tlons strictly confldential. A Handbook of In» formation concerning Patents and how to ob» tain them sent free. Also a catalogue of mechan» 1cI aud scientific books sent free. . __ Cure SICK HEADACHE and Neuralcia in 20 mumurres, »\ o Coated Ton.::lnx' Dizriâ€" ness, Biliousness, 1‘in in the Side, Constipation, Torpid Liver, Bad Lr: ath. _ to stay cured also regulate the bowc‘s, VERY MICE TO Taxe. Space j Gooseberries which will do not mildew. not Blackberry Bushes allow * without thorns. us tofurtherenumerate, Tree Roses, etc. BUT our stock talks for itself. Prices right. Handsome book of plates and com})lete outfit furnished free of charge. ‘Write for terms and particulars. CHASE BROTHERS‘ COMPANY, Colborne, Ont. Tux "Ocp Reciasc®" Nuxszaymio¢. Prick 25 CentTs at DRUVC Storcs, MUNN & CO., New Your, 361 Bxoapway, Â¥* in this community to sell specialties in our line. Trees that bear seediess Pears. Apple Trees hardy as oaks. "Excelsior" Crab as large as an Apple. Cherry trees proofagainst blackâ€"knot. Plum trees not affected by Curculio. Tree Currants. WE WANT A MAN AT ONCE in this communitv to sall snecialtiaa It is the age that forms the man, not the man that forms the age. Great minds do indeed react on the society which has made them what they are, but they only pay without interest what they have received. â€"Macanlay. kill hin. He drops dead without a sign of ’n wound. _ Whereas, an olc=style shell i would burst into a few pieces, the modern projectile fliew into a myriad of small fragâ€" ments, each of them movieg with tremendâ€" ous velocity. It may easily be imagined that half a dozen 6â€"pound Hotchkiss shells finding their way into & vessel would scatter death and destruction in every | direction. Protective armour, owing to its , great weight, can be placed only over the ship‘s vitalsâ€"that .s to say, qlong the midâ€" die part of the hull near the water line, so as to cover the machinery. In future! scatter death and destrnction in every direction. Protective armour, owing to its great weight, can be placed only over the ship‘s vitalsâ€"that .s to say, qlong the midâ€" die part of the hull near the water line, so as to cover the machinery, In future battles gunners will direct their fire against the unarmored ends of an opposing vessel, ty d c e Kendal!‘s Spavin Cure with good success; it is x wonderful medicine. T once had a mare that had an Oeeult Spavin and five botties cured her. 1 keep a bottle on hand all the time. Yours truly, CHas. Powrtt ’ ully different from the sheil of twentyâ€"five years ago. â€" In those days one could watch } the projectile as it sailed through the air in a gracetul curve, at length bursting. There was even time toget out of the way, under favorable circumstances, _ But the new style of shell moves at the rate of a little over halfa mile a second. On striking a metal targetits energy being transformed instantuneously fnto heat, it becomes redâ€" hot, and a flame is actualiy seen to burst from the point struck,. _ Such a projectile moves, one might say, in a straight line, and its impact at a distance o« a mile seems almost simultaneous with the disâ€" charge of the gun. _ Such a shell, passing near a man, would tear his clothes of, merely from the windage, If it comex very. near, though without hitting him, it would kill hin. He drops dead without a sign of The use of solid shot in warfare has been , practically given up. The projectile of to day is a conical sheil of steel, hollow, and sometimes loaded with powder so as to explode, or by a time fuse, .It is wonderâ€" l Ayer‘s oc POWDERS Decided Improvement. 4YXER‘S PILLS Requlate the Bowelo AYERS m Eat into the Flesh, Box 52. Carman, Hendersor B. Jfitumu. Co. C Almost Mr. Jas. E. Nicholson, Florenceville, N. B., Struggles for Seven Long Years with using the 'Sui‘s:\{! the last trace of th 2 week spread to my chin Enco no purpos Mr. N )n â€"«LtS f ler‘s om> Sarsanarl Admitted at the World‘s Fair. CANCER ON THE LIP, AND IS CURED BY Solid Shot Abandoned ntl Passes Belief 110 thn? 1CSN, to my chin, and I suffered in for seven long years. Finally, I n taking Ayer‘s Sarsaparilia. ‘ In c or two I noticed a ed Improvement. raged by this result, I perscâ€" until in a month or so the.soro my chin began to heal. In three s my lip begian to heal. and. after . ; James I. Nichotson, tl uw crrinanmntsins. mcmementoun ruck, _ Such a projectie | hav t say, in a straight line, | met at a distance o« a mile | bad nultaneous with the disâ€" | pow n. _ Such m shell, passing | and uld tear his clothes off, | and windage. If it comes very | cons hout hitting him, it would | and ps dead without a sign of | onts reas, an olc«=style ahell â€"was a few pieces, the modern | ly w to a myriad of small fragâ€" | and em movieg with tremendâ€" | the 1 may easily be imagined | may ie 2 onfi o eponne en a t! TN t deal of y Of the seven to nine months needed to grow a hog for market, five,at least, can be spent to good advantage inâ€"the pasture fields. While, perhaps, a better grain in proportion to the amount of food sufficient can be received by feeding in a closed pen, the additional risk of disease will,in nearly |â€"___ Grass and Grain for Hogs. The hog should find a place in the economical management of every farm ; given an opportunity he will turn to good ' account many things that would otherwise go to waste. The milk and slop can usually be fed to the growing pig to better advanâ€" age than to almost any other class of stock. But to maintain good health and thrift he should not have all of the neglects heaped upcn him because he is a hog. Heneeds good treatment to make the most of him,. and the more fully this is given the better. Itis rather poor management thet concludes that a hog can thrive upon almost any kind of feed, provided he has a sufficient amount of it. Good wholesome, nutritious food is as essential to good growth and thrift with hogs as with any other class of stock. _ _ disâ€" | power and feed cutter on my barn floor, sing / and a feed mill in an adjoining building, off, | and fed all food dry. The daily rations rery | consisted of fineâ€"cut stalks for buik food, uld | and a mixture of ground food, corn and n of| oats, with bran and oil meal. ‘The result hell | was very satisfactory. Pure water slightâ€" lern |ly warmed in winter was always on tap rag» | und regarded as a strict necessity. With nd. | the number of cows mentioned, a separator ned | may be profitably employed and reduce ells | the labor of the care of the milk to a miniâ€" uld | mum. _ A warm, clean, wellâ€"ventilated ery | stable, and a commodious 10e house, a cool, its airy milkâ€"churning room, with plenty of: the | cold, pure water, are indispensable to the: idâ€" ‘ making of firstâ€"class butter, , so | _ The care of the cows and the makingand ure | marketing of the butter are matters about net | which the beginner may get valuable points sel, | from a good dairy paper, but the aid of an | experienced dairyman is necesary to start the I themmore successfully, Twenty cowsshould do | not consume the surplus of an eight acre ade | farm by any means, but with & good herd ay | and the dairy properly managed, they will ed, | bring a revenue in milk products, calves, and their contribution to the pork and === | poultry account of trom $1,200 to $1,500 a year, Such results are inviting; but the "m |best way to their attainment appear to k many as barred by insurmountbale obâ€" y | stacles. The expense in starting and lack N |ot knowledge of the business are the ;: greatest. These muy be largely overcome y | by beginning on a amall scale, A herd of n five or six good Jersey cows, bred with care and discretion, will bring you a good herd of cows by the time you have got the necessary experience and conveniences for W | managing them successfully. My earliest shipments of butter did not exceed 100 pounds a month, so that while I was catching on to the way of making butter that would bring best creamery prices and u how to sell it to the best advantage, I q was not risking a margin on large quantiâ€" N | ties. _A fowl which will lay fifteen dozen eage in a season is considered well worth keeping. Although a Pekin duck will do this, mest farmers forget that such a thing as a duck existe. They rear a great many young in a season, and these mature in eleven weeks, sure to market at m good price. 2 The old theory that fat hens will not lay well will hardly hold good. Stint them not in a suitable variety,avoiding too much corn. There are a score of things which enter into the secret of procaring profit,and it will be your fault, and not that of the hen#,if propor returns are not forthcoming. One reason why a hen which steals away from her nest always hatches out well is that she is not too fat, and because every ege has the same vitality . When eggs are selected and put under a hen they mre usâ€" ually of all sorts, and vary somewhat in vitality. Prepure good, clean nests in proper places for yo‘.r hens, and you will not be troubled by the hens stealing away to lay; let them be low and be on a level. In their roosting coop let 100 cubic feet space to ten hens, letting everything tend to their health and J comfort. Farm chickens which have the run of the fields are the healthiest and the most proâ€" fitable because they gee wuch m variety of feed and insects, It is a question whether more poultr and eggs are not raised about our cities and villages than upon the farms. â€" The farme"® has one flock upon his large farm, while he village lots hold a hundred. Some reeds are suited to the one and some to the other condition, Some are not satisfied nor greatly productive in confinement. For a ready cash business you cannot discount the cow and the hen, One variety of fowls is not suflicient for the farm, and do your best to keep that breec pure. In any event, when a first class cockerel can be bought for $3 or less it is an easy mat ter to grade up the poultry. _ The number of cows that may be profitâ€" ably kept on an eightyâ€"acre tarm, for inâ€" stance, depends upon tue extent to which one wishes to make the dairy business m specialty. The number was only limited to a cow to the acre where the business was crowded, but I would not deem it advisable for a beginner to start in with more than fifteen or twenty cows, This number will warrant a person in the necâ€" cessary expenditure of means in preparing stables and dairy and necessary appliances for butter making. _A silo is regarded by many as one of the first necessities, and 1. have no doubt that the silo is an economic method of prepsring food, although I have bad no experience with one. I put n‘ The first and most important factor is the profitâ€"producing herd. ‘This secured, success is easy ; without it, success is im« possible. It i@ a fact that many cows do not, and cannot be made to pay for their keeping. Outside of localities where dairyâ€" ing is extensively engaged in, very fow farmers have given attention in breeding to produce the dairy strain, and comparaâ€" tively tew have adopted dairy breeds, The ideal cow with many of our best farmersis a large, wellâ€"formed one, disposed to take on flesh and looks sleek,that will raise a calf and give a good flow of milkâ€"the "‘general | purpose" cow. Perhaps for general purposes | such a cow is the proper thing, but for profit in the dairy herd she is generally a fatlure. Wherever dairying is followed as a specialty the general purpose cow is discarded, and the dairy breeds, in which the profit cow ie ’ the rule and not the exception, are adopted. Shorthorns are left for breeders of steers on }Lhe plaios, and Holsteins to supply city milk wagons and condensing factories. For the dairy, the greatest production of butter fat at the least cost of food is the test qualâ€" ity required in the cow, _A herd of native cows is carefully selected by this test and frequently make a profitable dairy, but the result is more likely to turn out satisfactory if Jerseys or Guerpseys are made the base of the dairy herd. is. The latter receiving monthly payments knows something more on that point, but geuerally wishes he did not. The returns in either case are notgenerally satisfactory. But dairying for profit requires knowledge of the business, facilities and conditions for conducting it, and care in its manageâ€" mentâ€"the simple conditions of success in any business, _A few years‘ experience in dairying as a farm specialty has conviuced me that few sources of revenue from the farm yield so generous returns for the investment and labor as the| wellâ€"managed farm dairy. I am aware that a majority will disagreo with me, Very many farmers assert that keeping cows more than to supply the family needs, does not pay. Iattribute this conviction largely to the uncertain, slip shod manner in which the dairy is conâ€" ducted. Those who keep but four or five cows generally make the product up at home, and sell the eurplus at the villago wtorer. Those who keep more than that number generally sell the cream to a neighboring creamery. In the first case the farmer seldom knows what the surplus THE FARM. Farm Poultry. The Farm Dairy. all cases, overbalance this. ‘The opporâ€" tunity of exercise, the securing of better air, and of a variety of food, all tend to promote thrift, and.these are of sufficient importance to overbalance thesmall amount of gain received by keeping closely confinâ€" ed. And in many cases it is of noâ€" disâ€" advantage to keep hogs in a pasture until ready for market, rathcr than to confine, The meat will be of a better quality with a For Sale by McFARLANE & CO,, Wholesale Agents for Durham and Vicinity It is unlike all other remedies in thatitis not designed to act on the different organs affected, but by its direct action on the nervo centres, which are nature‘s little batteries, it causes an increased supply of nervous energy to be generated, which in its and womon, who have suffered years ofdiscouragement and tried all manner of remedics without benefit. It is & modern, a scientific remedy, and in its wake follows abounding health. South American Nervine Tonic, the marvelious nerve food andhealthgiver, is asatisfying success, a wondrous boon to tired, sick, and overworked men been diminished either by excessive physical or mental labours, or owing to a derangement of the nerve centres, weo are iirst conscious of a languor or tired ani wornâ€"out feeling, then of a mild form of nervousness, headache, or stom ich trouble, which is perhaps sucâ€" comded by nervous prostration, chronic indigestion, and dyspepsia, and a genâ€" j ere! sinking of ths whole system. _ In l this day of hurry, fret and worry, there are very few who enjoy perfect health ; nearly everyone has some trouble, an mche, or p«in, a weakness, a nerve | trouble, something wrong with the stomach and bowels, poor blood, heart disease, or sick headache ; all of which are brought on by a lack of nervous energy to enable the different organsof the body to perform their respective work. Science has fully established the fact that all the nervous energy of our bodics is generated by nervo centres located near the base of the brain. When the supply of nerve force has been diminished either by excessive f HEAVY AND ;LIGHET ‘ HARNESS, | SADDLES, J BRIDLES, | COLLARS, Etc. New Stock Horse Blankets. meccse Whips, Combs, Brushes, Bits, Ete., 12 Repairing promptly attended to. Firstâ€"class workmanship guaranteed Is still in his old stand on Lambton Street, near the Post Office, where he is ready to fill all orders for HARNESS SHOP! Lumber, Shingles and Lath always En Bed 5 Monthsâ€"Had Given Up Ali Hopo of Gettinrg Wellâ€"A Remedy Found at Last to which "I Owe My Life." Durham, Jan 26, 1895 FULL OF ENCOURAGEMENT Having Completed our New Factory we are now prepared to FILL ALL ORDERS PROMPTLY. We keep in Stock a large quantity of Sash, Doors, Mouldings, Flooring and the differâ€" ent Kinds of Dressed Lumber for outside sheeting. Our Stock of DRY LUMRE is very Large so that all orders can be filled. bash and Door Factory. Hicnest Price Pap ror Raw Furs ‘OEE€ ALL NN ODLETS . CHAS. LEAVENS, Jr., fifl%f% Je > Z7 § is ; omm In Stocli. N., G. &J. McKECHNIE. English Spavie Liniment removes all Hard,Soft or Calloused Lumpsand Blemishes from horses, Blood Spavins, Curbe, Splint«, Ewseney, Ringâ€"Bone, Stifies, Sprains, all Ewollen Throute, Cou;lu. eto. _ Save $50 by gee of one bottle. Warranted by McFarâ€" mne & Co. f fairer proportion of fat and lean than when confined, and;especially when corn is the principal dependence for feeding. , "I owe my life to the great South | American Nervins Tonic. I have been in bed for five months with a '5crofulous tumour in my right side, and suffered with indigestion and nervous prostration. Had given up all hopes of getting well. Had tried three doctors, with no relief. The first bottle of Nervine Tonic improved me so much that I was able to walk about, and a few bottles cured me enâ€" tirely. _ I believe it is the best mediâ€" cine in the world. I cannot recomâ€" mend it too highly." Tired women, can you do better than become acquainted with this truly great remedy 1 Harriect E. Hall, of Waynetown, a prominent and much respected lady, writes as follows :â€" to the letter. _ Such & co you months, perhaps ye ing and anxiety. The words that follo but they emanate from t speak the sentiments of women in the United St1 ada who inow, through ¢ the boaling virtues o American Nervine Tonic m turn thoroughly oils, as it were, the machinery of the body, thereby enâ€" abling it to perform perfectly its difâ€" ferent functions, and without the slightest friction. ds that follow are strong, manate from the beart, and sentiments of thousands of the United Statesand Canâ€" uow, through experience, of ig virtues of the South CHARLES LEAVENS Winscow‘s Soorame Svetr" United Suh;i: '};ril'loe t:’:;t;-l;::' e:;h a bottle. Soll by druggists througbout ;.fl?o world. e& sure Eufg:.k‘ for "‘Mrp Mxs. Wixszow‘s Soommxe Syzur has been sued by millions of mothers for their childrem while teething. If disturbed at night aud broken of your rest by a sick child suffering and erying with pain of Cutting Teeth send at onee and get a bottle of ""Mrs. Winslow‘s Sootk.g Syrup" for Children Tecthing. It will relieve the poor little sufferer immediaZ tely. D:g::d upon it, mothers, there is no mistake t it. It cures Drarrhocsa, reâ€" gulates the Stomach and Bowels, cures Wind. Colic, oof:a:il the Gams and reduces Inflamâ€" uration, gives tons and ene to the whole system. ‘‘Mrs. Winslow'lr‘{‘oothiug Syrup" for children teething it pleasant to the taste and is the prescription of one of the ;b'e-t f_fllh‘pllw_lfims and nurses in the Wiilisâ€"Sc you proposed to Miss de Bulâ€" lion last night, eh * Reggy â€"Yes. I am going to have her father arrested for arson toâ€"day, Willisâ€"Arson * What did he fire. Stark‘s Powders, each package of which contains two preparations, on in a round woodenâ€"box, the cover oz which forms a measure for one dose, an mmediate relief for Sick Headache and Stomach, also Neuralgia, and all kinds of nervous gdns. and another in ca; (from i4 to 4 of one in an ordinary d which acts on the Bowels, Liver Stomach, forming a never failing pert fect treatment for all Head and Sto complaints. They do not, as most pi and so many other medicines do, their effect or produce after const.ip-.u'oh and are nice to take. 25 cents & box, all medicine dealers. C. E. Bradford a banker of . Wis,., bas contracted blood poison the hubit of wetting his fingers lips when counting bank bills. If a man‘s head were bi his promises were broken hospital most of the year Eave Your Ammonia sorp Wrappers And when you have 25 Ammonia or 1( Puritan Soup Wrappers send them to us, »nd a three cent s#*amp for postage, and we will mail you FREE, a handsome picture suitable for framing. A list of pictures rround each bar, Ammonia Soap has no equal. We recommend it. Write your name plainly and address : W. A. Brapszaw & Co., 48 and 50 Lombard St., Toronto. Sold by all general merchants and grocers. Give it & trial. onelburneâ€" Wednesday belore Orangeviliq Walkertonâ€"Last] Wednesday in each Fleshertonâ€"Monday bef Dundaikâ€"â€"Tuesday before Shelburneâ€"Wednerday be | C.Hamilton, R. K. Fergusâ€"Thursdxy £ Markdaleâ€"Satorday monis. Gcelnhâ€"First Wedesdsy in erck month Hurristonâ€"Friday Lbefore the Guelph Fair Draytonâ€"Saturduy beto~e Guelph. Eloruâ€"The day before Guelph. Douglasâ€"Monday before Elorsa Feir. Hamiltonâ€"Crystrl Palace Grounds, th io ~ MéaymaiteriGuelph.â€"__â€"._> > m, Annual foe&] Dr. Gun. i Durkamâ€"Third Tuesday in each month Prsevi‘leâ€"Monday _ before Durbem Hanoverâ€"Monday before Darkam. Mount Forestâ€"Third Wedncsday imesach M SONB OF SCOTLAND, BEX XEvIS CAMP NO. 45, meets in S. of S. Hell, Friday on or before fall moon, George Binnie, Chief, Geo. Ruszsel. Sec. DUBKAM L.O. L. NO. 682. Night of Meeting, on ThursCay or before fell moon in each month. Wim. A Anderson, GREY LODGE NO. of Meeting every 8 v‘clock, in the Od¢ F ing brethern welcomed DUBBAM LODGE NO. 806 OF A. F. & A. M. Night of Mecting, Teesday on or before full moon of each morth. Visiting bretherun welcome. Thos. Brown, W. M. Geo. Russell, Sec. POST OFFICE, Office hours from & a. m., to 7 p.rm. Arch. MecKeame Postmaster. S G. REGISTRY OF! * Lauder, Registrar. Deputyâ€"Registrar, Office &. Im. to 4 p. m. Durkham Servicesâ€"11 a day of every month. Glen 9 m. m. first Sunday of 10:30 a. m. third Sunday of « t [AUGEEN TENT, EO.T.M., No. 154, ) meets on the first and third Tuesdays y o;eq'mont'l.x. _Tha.. Brown, Com. F Sunday Services, Sabbath School and p. m. Preaching at ing Serviceâ€"Thursd prayer meeting at 8 p Union on Monday ev Bervice every S«bi 7 p.m. Sabbath Sct at 2:30 p. m. Frayer day evening at 8 p. m We W. J. CONM Sabbath Services at Sunday School and4 1i Cimurch Wardens, W. Whitmore, ECHANICS‘ TXST TlLL\'ITY CHURCH 8. If a subscriber orders his paper t« stopped at a certainiime, and the publis continues to send, the subscriberis Lbow to pay for it if he takes it outsof the ; office. This proceeds upon ke grow hat a man must pay for avhst be uses DURRAM DIRECTCRY 2. Aoy person who takes a paper the post office, whether dirccted t name or @nother, or whether be ha scribed or not is responsible for the ; 1. If any person orders his peper discor tinued, he must pay all arreages, or the publisher may contiune to #eud it until payâ€" wentis .zade, and collectthe whole an our! whether it be taken from the office or not There can be no lega) disconticuance until paymentismade. We call the speciai attertice c: _ Pos masters and subscribersto the following #p nopsis of the cewcpaperiaws : For Over Filty]Â¥ear» Ha APTIST CBURCH C. CHURCH REV. W. M REV. R. MALONEY, P Monthly Fairs REV. A. G A Setback. SL Newspaper Laws econea broken every time n he would be in a or postage, and we _ handsome picture A list of pitures before Orapgevil ussel, Sec wing Mount F ITUTE. New 69 1.0.0.F. Night [onday evening at lows Eall. Visitâ€" W. B. Voliet See. night aud | suffering ‘ceth send Winslow‘s ning irom s on his ICE. Thomas ohn A. Munro, bours from 10 vening from from 2 to 4 p CH OPCRb 10 th M. be 92 0