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K NS ThE VERY LATEST FROM ALL THE WORLD OVER. Interesting Items About Our Own Country the rovernt $356.031 Vital Roy, aged 60, was asleef on the LC.R. track one mile east 0 St. Va.ler, Que., when the Halifax express killed him. The huge steel arches of the bridge that will take the place of the railway euspension bridge at Niagara have been placed in position Mr. E. P. Hannaford, late chief enâ€" gineer of the Grand Trunk is suing the company for damages on account of his dismissal. The Manitoba fund for the relief of th: India famine sufferers now reaches $17,500.73, of which nearly $2,000 is from the school children. Inspector Scarth left Ottawa on Satâ€" urday night for Regina. From that flaoe bhe will take with him some twenâ€" y mounted policemen to the Y ukon district. It is intimated that the negotiations in connection with the fast At.antic serâ€" zsice have reached a shape that an atnâ€" ;munmmem may â€" be expected before ong. Eooo Een t on The total cost of the work done by. the Dominion Government for the imâ€" provement of Toronto harbour was Senator Macdonald of _ British â€"Coâ€" hunbia bas introduced a bill in the Senate to make the 24th of May a m- peiua! boliday in honor of her = Mr. J. A. Kinsella, instructor of butâ€" termaking at the Kingston Dairy Echool, has been appointed as assistâ€" ant to Prof. Robertson, Dominion Daâ€" iry Commissioner. jest y The Internal Economy Committee of the Dominion House of Commons has decided to compensate â€"Restaurdutâ€" keeper Parnett for the abolition of the House of Commons bar last seaâ€" son The Canadian Pacific railway have deposited plans for the Crow‘s Nest With the approval of many of the Boards of Trade, the Government will soon appoint commercial agents to South Africa, the Mediterranean counâ€" tries, Mexico and other places to proâ€" mole trade relations. Trouble has arisen between the Grand Truok and Canadian Pacific railways owing to the new tariff of {)a‘muger rates to the Kootenay disâ€" rict issued by the Grand Trunk, and a rate war is threatened. The union bricklayers of Montreal went on strike on Friday. They are at present receiving 30 cents an bour and working ten hours a day, and they ask for a change to 35 cents an hour and nine bours a day. The Dominion Government‘s proposed amendments to ithe Civil Service Act will be sweeping in their nature. It is said that all new appointments will be during pleasure, instead of during is said that all new appointments will be during pleasure, instead of during good behaviour, as at present. The Government has granted $300,000 to the Grand Trunk for thet improveâ€" ment of Victoria bridge, the condition being that the Intercolonial is to have running powers over the road from Levis to Montreal. Papt. Y Steameghif tawa to Dominion lishment British America. Mr. Edward Blake‘s motion in the British House of Commons _ setting forth that Ireland was overtaxed was defcated on Wednesday by one bhundred and sixty votes. . > / Te In connection with the warlike asâ€" pect of Europe and South Africa it is significantly reported that Lord Wolâ€" ofiey. the British Commanderâ€"inâ€"Chief, will shortly visit Gibraltar. -Prg‘.ntions against eventualities in the Transvaal are being steadily &ush- ed forward by the British Warn Office bis fu‘ld from the Owing to the failure of the efforts to close the quarrel between Lord Penâ€" rhyn and his Welsh (éuarrymen. twenâ€" tyâ€"seven hundred workmen are still out of work. Olub in | ing a Gen a demon liam. GREAT Archbishop P English :s a general familiar with African ing has been selected to command h : last ballot of the Reformed London every candidate bearâ€" rman name was blackballed as senten jmil. ites of _ the Oregon Asiatic Company is en route to Otâ€" submit a proposition to the Government for the estabâ€" f a line of steamers between ‘olumbia ports and Central n " us t <00p8 I A NNBHHL n against rovernment has refused : to be erected in the r the diamond jubilee. n Willoughby, the only isvaal raiders to serve e. has been discharged unke BRITAIN was aslee in Ottawa _ by uthorities that ili be made up different corps. £ Sir Frank assador â€" to railway to acquire rking unâ€" he city a Dublin liser Wil l The Lord Mayor of Dublin, in , full robes of office, attended the bar of the Imperia! House of Commons 00 Monâ€" \ day and presented a petition, praying | the Commons to take into consideration the financial relations of Great Britain and Treland. 3 | In a fashionable English club a few ‘evenings ago Mr. Mackie, one of the \ members made an insulting remark reâ€" |gardingâ€" theâ€" mother of Mr. Gerald |\ O‘Shea, son of Captain O‘Shea and Mrs. iO'She»Parnefl. which the young man | resented, and knocked Mr. Mackie down, | who fell ufon a fender, receiving a proâ€" | bably fatai injury. Mr. Curzon, Parliaggeniary Secretary for Foreign Affairs, in addressing his constituents at Soutbport 0n Saturday spoke bitterly of the action of the Unâ€" ited States in endeavoring to kill the arbitration treaty. i In the British House of Commons the other day Mr. Chamber‘lain said he was unable to state the number_ of Colonial Premiers who would visit Lonâ€" don during the diamond jubilee. No formali conference ‘had been arranged, but the Government would be glad to have the coâ€"operation of the Premiers in all matters of common interest. Governor Adams has signed lbgl‘;shmg' capital punishment rado. UNITED STATES. Navigation has opened at Chicago. A Canadian Society was formed in New York last night. ; The New York press says Van‘e! ®* Lamont may become president of the Northern Pacific Railway. _ Eight Chinamen are under arrest in Malone, N. Y., who are alleged to have been smuggled across the border. . Mrs. Leopold Vandamme, wich Mich., bas given birth children within the past 12 Table hands and finishers in 1 cago tanmneries have decided that eral strike should be declared. Masked men in the vicinity ol MONZ caster, Ky., have threatened to kill tollgate keepers if they presist n colâ€" lecting tolls. 2 The Baltimore & Ohio Railway is to bave a rail and lake line between Chiâ€" cago and Milwaukee and the eastern i@cting TOllS. bubs~4 cotpt + * : The Baltimore & Ohbio Railway is to | va-\luch fiommftlon prf"al,l: in the bave a rail and lake line between Chiâ€" | ? nogs epartments: of _ State owing cago and Milwaukee and the casters e(::g":g:d ill;uxllll‘::’l?il;lgtg:tttlggtilsg‘:ff?hzig seaboard. Pa o F m ; |\ Government servants who are deemâ€" Mile. Haritles Pachiri, a Ur'ecmn'ludy ed worthy of special recognition by the at the Buckingham Hotel, New YE â€" Queen in comnection with the fortheomâ€" is reported tfi ga.sx;ia)obeen robbed of diaâ€" | jng dmmo]nd jttijilce. NuLuralllytmgst monds wort ,000. \ men consider themselves entitled to deâ€" _ * itica, N. corvation, and those with family or othâ€" Y‘\"_ff‘.h“{" J-.ph’r)emm E};nefi. OIdL;l']c‘i"fg_ er influence are using it with vigour tt‘.(;l; ;:::; t(‘;f ageond ‘tlgmrgldest mabn ztmd persistency. The announcement of ictwl Unitea States 0C 00 )( . |(Â¥"romour ol (be Phade i ahnt in Eastern capitalists have, it ‘ls sal' 1.' l known as the Birthday Gazette, at the bonded immense copper mines 'lllleda.‘end of May, and the list is likely to Carson City, Nev., and will buil« | be a phenomenaliy long one. mill and smelters at once. 4. | _Usually the Queen follows .the ag- t ce c Pn en d o ons ce uiL ols es l SEA in tha Mile. Haritles Pachiri, a Urecianbludy at the Buckingham Hotel, New York, is reported to have been robbed of diaâ€" monds worth $5,000. Abraham Ephraim Elmer, of Utica, N« Y., claims to be one bundred and fifâ€" teen years of age, and the oldest man in the United States. Between 30,000 and 60,000 ters and plumbers are on New York as a result of lockout on the part of the Between 30,000 and 60,000 steam fit ters and plumbers are on strike in New York as a result of a practical lockout on the part of the bosses. _(Phe breaks in the levees in Missisâ€" sippi have allowed a vast tract of country to lb fiooded and the inhabiâ€" tants barely escaped with their lives. Former Ambassador Bayard will reâ€" turn to the United States May 15th from England, and former Ambassador }(\;tdb)m MacVeagh from â€" Italy April Representative Spalding, of Michigan, bas introduced a joint resolution in the House at Washington providing for the anmexation of Hawaii to the United States. Lady Sholto Douglas, nee Loretta Adâ€" dis, a San Francisco concert bhall singer, bas given birih to a son. Lord Douglas is the youngest son of the Marquis of Queensberry. i William Bloom, under AITeSC i4 Cleveland on a charge of arson, deâ€" clares that bhe bas been setting fire to buildings in various cities during the past five years. At the annual meeting of the stockâ€" holders of the American Bell Telephone Company the directors were reâ€"electâ€" ed, and it was voted to increase the capital stock from $23,043,000 to $26,â€" 015,000. Frank Butler, the Australian murâ€" | derer, who was exiradited from San| Francisco on Saturday, confessed prior | to his departure to having killed Arâ€"| thur Preston, but be claims it was| in selfâ€"defence. ‘ The United States Senate has auâ€" | thorized the Secretary of the Navy to | place a vessel of wars and a chartered | merchant vessel at the disposal af the | collector of the port of New York for | transporting contributions of â€" wheat, | flour and corn to relieve the famishing§ flour and cor poor of India ECC it Sm The Supreme Court at Washington bas decided that the Oceanic â€" Steam Navigation Company was responsible to certain passengers for damage done to | baggage in crossing from Liverpool to New York, although the tiokets of | claimants contained in fine type a | waiver for damages to persons of propâ€" | erty. | Lo itc d Commmercial reports from the Unitâ€" ed â€" States indicate little, if . any. change. Business is dull, and the outâ€" look uncertain, but employment is more general in various . lines of industry than was the case a few weeks back. Prints and woollens are in steady and appreciative request, and the woo! mills are everywhere busy. The decision of the Supreme Court in regard to trusts bas, for a time, detrimentall affectâ€" ed the iron trade, but the checi is only expected to be temporary. The"politx- ' F + ) c iiiapc s > EB c ack s ie im hl? AuderrhidnaP‘t tnditients dhmesr‘ ~ o Anbaiiapecs 73 8 . +i i cal situation in Europe is affecting markets in the United States and elseâ€" where detrimentally, but in business circles prospects are considered good. gre and the Queen. There is great rejoicing in Madrid over the Spanish victories in the Philâ€" ippine islands. It is reported at Bombay that the plague has broken out among the Brit= ish troops at Calaba.. Princess Leopold of Prussia is taking a regular course of training as & hosâ€" pital and field nurse. _ The Portuguese troops haye been deâ€" feated in Guinea by the natives after a fight lasting eight hours. A Paris déspmc'u says that a new Atâ€" lantic cable is being manufactured at Calais and will shortly be: laid. _ It is reported at Cape Town that Deâ€" lagoa Bay has been leased to Great Briâ€" tain for 30 years at an annual rental of balf a million sterling. . President Faure has been officially informed of the approaching visit of the Russian Emperor and the Czarin# to France. s The British brig Aeronaut, from Santa Fe, December 31, for Hamburg, has been abandoned at sea, Her crew bave arrived at Barbadoes. The Newfoundland Government hbas decided to enforce the act which proâ€" hibits French fishermen â€" from ~ St. Pierre taking bait in Newfoundland waters. a f i GENERAL Presidemt Kruger has suspended his indson for insulting Great Britain says Dan(el R * 4* ko aw. , at _ Norâ€" h to five 12 months. in the Chiâ€" that a genâ€" the bill in Coloâ€" ONTARIO ARCHIVES TORONTO M. Hanotaux, the Minister for Forâ€" eign Afifairs, and Comte de Mun, the wellâ€"known clerical Deputi‘, have been elected members of the French Aoaâ€" demy. 3 The Cretan Committee will not aoo?t the fifty thousand roubles offered by the Czar for the families of the refuâ€" gees .They ask no aid from the CzAr while Russian warships take part in turenentenenseenentuemnme M. Hanotaux, t eign Afifairs, and wellâ€"known cleric elected members demy. The Cretan Com the fifty thousa: the Czar for the _ A despatch from London says:â€"In consequence of the unexpected numâ€" ber of colonial troops coming to take } part in the celebration of the Queen‘s diamond jubilee it has been decided that the colonial procession will march separately, each contingent escorting its Premier in a Royal carriage drawn | by four richly caparisoned horses. This | procession will leave Buckingham | palace ten miniutes before the Queen‘s | procession. On Carrival at St. Paul‘s | Cathedral the tolonial forees will h« | drawn up rougd the west front of the isacre(_l edifice, and the wives of the Premiers will take assigned places | near the Queen,. Thus, on ber Maâ€" | jesty‘s arrival, all the colonial visitors | will have a splendid view, and will | be able to salbute the Sovereign. § THE DIAMOND JUBILELE, THE COLONIAL TROOPS WILL MARCH SEPARATELY. the blockade. Each Contingent Escorting Its Premier in A Royal Carrlageâ€"Jubilce Honours â€" Decorations and Titles in Great Proâ€" The Government has refused to alâ€" low stands to be erected in the public parks for the Queen‘s diamend jubilee procession.. An offer. of £70,000 was made for permission to erect a stand in the Green park, facing Piccadilly. 126 SAMZ OE CCHE : pAns M i e L L n ® 0 The statement that President Faure will visit England for the jubilee is denied. 7 f w e e e w C _Usually the Queen follows the adâ€" vice of her Ministers in ro%rard to the honours conferred for political serâ€" vices, but she scrutinizes all the lists very closely, and bas been known to refuse to accept _ recommendations without assigning any reasons. It is altogether too early yet to predict with confidence what particular men will get the homours, or who will be left out in the cold, but it may be said, with reasonable confidence, that the diamond jubtlee list will include a dukedom for the Marquis of Salisbury and a peerage for Sir Julian Paunceâ€" fote, whose tactful conduct ‘at Washâ€" ington during the _ past eighteen months, many people think, bhas not been fully recognized here. | It appears from advices brought by | the steamer Rio Janeiro, that emboldâ€" ‘ened by nis iong immunity from capâ€" | ture, K‘Ang visited and laid siege to \the heart of the daughter of a high li Manchu official of the Imperial Court | whom he succeeded in inducing to elâ€" |ope with him early in January. There | was great commotion following the \flight of the pair, and influence was | brought to bear which proved sufficient | to spur the Peking police to extraorâ€" | dinary efforts, finally rcsultinfi in the | capture of the fugitive at New Châ€" iwqg.g later in the month. . ¢ FRA DIAVOLO OF CHINA TERROK OF THE UOUNTRY SLICED TO PIECES IN PUBLIC. The COriminal Crgeliy Tortured Till He Signed BHis Own Death Warrantâ€"An Extraordinary Triai. K‘Ang, the Fra Diavolo of China, whose deeds of blood have kept town and bhamlet in a constant state of terâ€" ror for years, has at last paid the penâ€" alty of his crimes. % K‘Ang was taken to Peking, where he was tried twice before a special ‘trnbunal. and, although cruel tortures, | such as knceling on heated iron chains, | being pricked with redâ€"hot meedles, |ete., had been administered to make | him to confess to the formidable list of i some 29 robberies, with murder in each l case, of which he had been accused, ‘he would divulge nothing. Finding |\they could not elicit anything from fusion. On the day he was led out to die K‘Ang sang songs all the way to the execution ground and kept it up even when the executioner‘s knife had cut into him several times. A stab with a dagger in the region of his heart silenced the desperado‘s voice, and the rest of the slicing and the final severâ€" ance from the body was then done in silence, although 10,000 people surâ€" rounded the spot. Gold Sechers‘ Rich Finds in YÂ¥ukon Valiey. Mr. Sifton has just received. from Mr. Ogilvie a remarkable report as to the vast discoveries of gold which are made there. Mr. Ogilvie says that at Clondyke, which is some 60 miles southâ€"east of Fort Cudahy, and further into British territory, some men are A despatch from Ottawa â€"says:â€"Mr. Ogilvie, the Dominion land surveyor, who has been shut up about Fort Cudahy all winter, being unable to get out owing to the heavy snowfall, has sent a number of reports to the deâ€" partment during the last few months, ‘{romting out the mineral wealth of the ukon territory. Last fall he sugâ€" gested that additional protection should be given to the speculators aind those entering the covuntxx._ The resulit of this is that an additionat company of Mounted Police is now beâ€" Ing sent out there from Regina. into British territory, some men are making from $1,000 to $2,000 per day. This is done by placer mining in the most primitive methods. _The report is altogether a most remarkable one, ing gold to be found in abunâ€" A NEW ELDORADO. € ABOUT THE TURKISHE ARM! THE MIXED ELEMENTS WHICH CONâ€" * STITUTE THE FORCE. The Strength of the~Army n 1ts Irregular __ ) Treopsâ€"The Clrceassians, Kurds and "â€" Bashiâ€"Bazouksâ€"An Imposing Array 0/ the Worst Thieves, Robbers and Cutâ€" throats on the Globe. The trouble between Greece and Turâ€" ‘key concerning the Cretan difficulty naturaily gives considerable prominâ€" ence to the power and resources of both countries, and much attention has been called to the active military forces of each, with a view of conjecturing, as far as may be, what chance Greece might have in a possible war with Turâ€" key. It is stated in the dispatches that . Turkey has now concentrated on the frontier from 50,600 to 100,000 men,while Greece has less than 20,000, but this fact of itself proves nothing, for in the insurrection of 1820 and the following years, when Greece had not half the population it has at present, although Turkey poured several army CorpS ‘1hrnugh the passes of Macedonia and Thessaly into the little peninsula, they were inadequate to crush out the reâ€" bellion. The disparity between the two countries in point of military strength is certainly enormous, but the weakness of Greece, is not so great as it seems, for should a war break out between the two states the Greeks would be ‘_ioined by thousands of volunteers from every part of the Christian world, men of adventurous spirit who would enlist in any army to fight against the 'l‘ur.lfs. _ In ‘case a war should begin, the Greeks would be compelled to face an army which, on paper, is certainly of 1MPOSING DIMENSIONS. The Turkish army is organized in the main, on the German scheme. After the war of 1876 and 1877 the Ottoman Government perceived its lack of milâ€" itary system, and made an attempt to reorganize the field forces in more efâ€" fective fashion, and German officers were sent to aid in the work who naturâ€" ally adopted the system best known to themselves. As at present constiâ€" tuted, the Turkish land forces are diâ€" vided into the Nizam, or regular arâ€" my ; two bans of Redif, or Lanwehr, and | the Mustafiz, or Landsturm. The army is composed solely of Mohammedans, for nonâ€"Mohammedansâ€"that is, Chrisâ€" ians, Jews and Pagansâ€"are not liable to military duty, but they are required instead to pay a poll tax for exemptlion, about six shillings, or $1.50, being levâ€"] ied on all exempt males. The Sublime Porte holds that all Mohammedans are liable to military duty after they reach | the age of 20, and, save for especial causes, nore are exempted. There is.| however, one curious exception. _ By. especial concession, the inbabitants ol Constantinople and its suburbs are exâ€" empted from all military service, alâ€" though required, as in the case of othâ€" ers, to pay the exemption tax. How or when this exemption, in the case of the residents of the capital, originalâ€" ed nobody seems exactly to know, but it is a fact highly appreciated by the citizens themselives, and has rendered them more than once objects of the jealous batred of the provincials. The conscription is supposed to be made annuaily, but the Turks have neyâ€" er learned to do anything according to system, so as a matter of fact, it is at irregular intervals, and at times when the depleted ranks of the Nizam need to be recruited. When recruits are suddenly needed the method freâ€" quently employed to obtain them is to _sendhuut a body of cavalry and bring in the ENTIRE MALE POPULATION of the nearest villages, excepting those who are crippled, o‘f dor able to bribe, the officer in charge to allow them to remain. _ Theoretically, however, all Moslems in the Ottoman Empire go through twenty years of military servâ€" ice; six with the Nizam and first reâ€"| serve, or Ikhtiyats ; eight with the Redâ€" | if, and six in the Mustafiz. The conâ€"| scripts who are not at once drafted into | |thoa regular armay undergo from six . months‘ to a year‘s drill with a Nizam battalion, a.mi every subsequent year are supposed to have thirty days‘ drill in their own province. ‘Thus all the: ableâ€"bodied Mohammedan population of the empire is supposed to have a fair amount of military training, and it is estimated that when the system is in full working order, if it ever is, the Turkish Empire will be able to put inâ€" to the field an organized and drilled force of at least 800,000 men, The army is stronger in its irreguâ€" | lar forces then in the Nizam. The Nizâ€" l am is largely composed of infantry, the | irregulars are all horsemen. Originally | the Turks, the Arabs, and the Kurds ; had no infantry ; all their fighting was | done on bhorseback, and the Turkish arâ€" my contains many thousands of Arabs, Kurds and men of other races, who are good for nothing but soldiers, and like :the Cossacks in Russia, are considered ius owing military service to the sovâ€" | ereign as long as they are able. The |Ci reassian troops originally came from ' the Caucasus. They were mountaineers | inbabiting the region between the Black }and Caspian Seas. Calling themselves iAdighe. they were called by both Rusâ€" | sians and Turks Tcherkesses. In their | own country they were about equally divided between Islam and Christianâ€" ity, not practicing either in its purâ€" ity, for even those who call themselves I Christians had many Mohammedan and Pagan rites, so that the line between ‘slam and the Christian faith in the Caucasus was very slightly defined. In lone thing, however, they all agreed, and that was When the Turks hbeld the Caucasian Mountains they permitted the tribes to be governed by their own chiefs, but after the Russian conquests the polâ€" itical system of the Muscovite Empire was established, and between 1855 and 1865 nearly all the Mohammedan Cirâ€" cassians emigrated from the Caucasus to the mountains of Armenia, a considâ€" erable contingent being assisted by the Turkish Government to find homes in the Balkan region. Like the Albanâ€" ians, Montenegrins and inbabitants of other mountain countries, the Circasâ€" sians are fierce, insubordinate and exâ€" ceedingly quarrelsome. _ When not fighting the people of the surrounding countries they are «gmrreling among themselves, family uds . sometimes lasting for years and occasioning the death of dozens of individuals. The Cirâ€" cassian horsemen know nothing of disâ€" cirl'me. save obedience to the Captain of the troop. They have no drill, they observe no order, and their reputation for courage is greatly marred by the f.:ct that they are cruel and bloodthirâ€" sty. The name of the Kurd has grown familiar through the Armenian masâ€" HATRED OF RUSSIA sacres of the last three years,. JNC country of the Kurds lies in the mounâ€" tain districts of Eastern Armenia, partâ€" ly in Turkey, partly in Persia, and partâ€" ly in Russia. It comprises about 50,â€" 000 square miles, and it is a queer fact that it has been held by the same race of people against all invaders, and the history of the Kurds may be traced back to the time when Nineveh was in its glory. Then they were Kerdu, and the name, with slight modification, is reâ€" tained, while it is believed also that their language is substantially~ now what it was when Sardanapalus was their nominal sovereign. â€" Although yielding â€"allegiance ‘tlo Tl‘rrk@y‘. }’ersia 3 T U L. sutmenrladina n ki f C1 1 Te 1 : 14 .M hccicccn hests pcvongitti d C VC their nominal sovereign. Althou%h yielding u!leg':lnoe to '%:r!l-y. Persia and Russia, they really acknowledge no authority but that of their own chiefs, and while a portion of their country is included within the Russian dominâ€" ions, most of them have emigrated from Russia into Turkey and ersia, where they are practically independent, They are the same now that they alâ€" ways have been; the first mention of them in history gives them the reputaâ€" tion of HORSEâ€"THIEVES AND CU TTHROATS and horseâ€"thieves and cutthroats they are toâ€"day. The horrible atrocities in Armenia were directlyâ€" due to these murderers, and it is not at all reassurâ€" ing to the inbabitants of contiguous districts to know that they are ready, at any moment to justify the reputaâ€" tion they bhave always gnjoye?. nc MIOH CBeg) AREINE C a iia d d Dca The class of Turkish irregulars best known to Europeans are the Bashiâ€"bsâ€" zouks. The name was originally a nickâ€" name given them b{ the Turks of the regular army, from two Turkish words, Bashi, a headâ€"dress, and Bozug, ragged, from the torn and disorderly turbans that they wore. ‘The Bashiâ€"bazouks are the offscourings of the Turkish Emâ€" pire, for deserving to be hanged is the first qualification for admission to the corps. They are Albanians and Maceâ€" donians, who, for some crime, have run away from their own countries ; they are Kurds, who have been driven away by their own tribes ; Persians, who are too bad for even the Shah to tolerate, and who, therefore, are fugitives from their own lands. There are, in this strange force, runaway Mohammedan Cossacks from Russia, Druses from Mount Lebanon, Bedouins from the Lower Eurbrates, Arabs from the reâ€" gion of Mecca and Medina, Barbary horsemen from Tripoli, and even gigâ€" antic negroes from the Soudan. The Bashiâ€"bazouks â€"serve only for their maintemnance,; in . other words, as & Western boardingâ€"house keeper wonld say, the Sultan " finds," them, and 1 hey }pay themselves by robbing and plunderâ€" ing the population of the country in | which they are located or through which .Lhey may chance to pass. They wear no uniform, are subject to no discipâ€" line, save that of the captain who comâ€" mands the company, and, as the worse the man is the better Bashiâ€"bazouk he J makes, these irregulars are as much dreaded by peaceable Mohammedans as l by Christians. THE BULGARIAN ATROCITIES of 1876 were due to the savagery of these troops. When the war with Rusâ€" sia broke out, the Bulgarians believed themselves on the verge of independâ€" ence, and naturally sought to hasten the date of their freedom by exciting an insurrection. A rebellion of no great proportions broke out in the mountains to the west of Shumla, and, the news reaching Constantinople,threw the ministry into a panic. The Cabinâ€" et, frightened at the possibilities of the uprising, dispatched into the country 15,000 or 18,000 of these ferocious and undisciplined soldiers, with orders to massacre the entire population. The orâ€" der was faithfully carried out, and it was estimated that nearly 20,000 men, women, and children perished in the villages, visited by the Bashiâ€"bazouks. B couu ca l tA c e t ie a B c lt Aitn Snd Bad as are the Kurds, Circassians and Bashiâ€"bazouks, they are singularly efâ€" ficient as irregular troops, and, like the Cossacks in the Russian army, are invaluable for the purpose of harassing an advancing or retiring enemy. In regular engagements they are alenosL nR o us in Apnbciznd© ue useless, but as scouts and skirmishers, to burn bridges, cut railway and teleâ€" graph communication and destroy waâ€" gon trains, they are of great service. The Turkish army, on account of its lack of organization, for even the perâ€" severance of the German military offiâ€" cers has not been sufficient to overcome the natural disinclination of the Turks for anything and everything that savâ€" ors of order, is in a low state, but the troops have, on more than one occasion, been inspired to unusual efforts by a recollection of the warlike past of their country. The Seljuk Turks tirst appearâ€" ed in history about 1200 years ago, the earliest notice of them being in A.D. 760, when they are mentioned as having become a nuisance on the border of Arâ€" menia. Pressed on the east and north by Tartar tribes, as savage and warlike t horted all Christian kings.to lay aside their animosities and unite against the Turks. In a measure this exbortaton ]\\'as successful, and the progress of the \Turkish cavalty was stopped before Vienna, in 1683, by the heroic efforts tn[ John Sobieski, of Poland, while the ll;rilli&nt victories of, Prince Eugene a ‘little later, at. Belgrade,, Peterwardeâ€" in and other points, gave the Turkish power a check in the west from which | it never recovered. Since then the deâ€" i cline of Turkey has been constant. The ‘ Turkish forces would bave no standing ‘against the »prganized _ and perfectly | disciplined troops of Western powers, but ons danger, which the states of [ Europe can not overlook, is that in desâ€" ‘(peration the Sultan may prociaim | a | holy war of Islam against Christianâ€" |ity. unfurl the green standard of the i prophet and call on all Moslems to earn paradise by dying in defense of the faith. A conflict of this kind could he ended only by the extermination of the Turks, for such is the fanaticism of this stranfe people that they would welâ€" ‘ come death if met by fighting in a cause whxc;h;dgmmu.u them a Mobhamâ€" medan pa e, with its houris and sherbet. as themselves, the Turks GRADUALLY _MOVED WEST until, in the eleventh century, the horsemen of the steppes of Central Asia had overrun the whole of Armenia, of Palestine and Syria, and a large part of Asia Minor. Their advance, although € Old Maid (who wants a portrait of ber dog)â€"Do you take instantaneous a minute older. photographs heref . [3 Photographer‘s Btg{â€"l'ee. ma‘am: right in and. pg-u e you afore ve PROP SHUTTER ADVANTAGEsS the last three years. The ? the Kurds lies in the mounâ€" 1 cts of E?St'e“l” Ar:ix;leni:l. pu't- i ey, partly in Persia, and partâ€" § ;Ja. It compriges about 50,â€" AN ELDER miles, and it is a queer fact s been held by the same race avainst all invaders, and the |mesene of 1 WBZQXE OF THE ASSAYE, Refséue of the Crew by the Seal Island Lifcâ€"Saving Zoat â€" Steamer Breaking Up. News reached Yarmoutbh, N. S., on Wednseday of the wreck of theâ€" big fourâ€"masted steamship Assaye, Captain Carruthers of the E.derâ€"Dempster, Line, from Liverpool to St. John, N.B. on Blonde Rock, off Seal Island. The wreck took place on Monday last about noon during a heavy northeast gale. At the first grating sound, the full speed aftern was ordered by the officers on watch, but before the order eould be obeyed the wessel was hard aground and began at once to make water. When this was diszcovered the order to stand by the boats was immediately given. A stiff northeast. wind ,.nd,_tho strong current which runs off the isand made the work of launching the boats exceedingly difficult. In attempting to bring the starboard lifeboat around to the lee side, the boat‘s crew was swept off and could not make the ship again. After ten or twe‘ve men had scramâ€" bled into the other lifeboat it too. was carried away. By this time the island lifesaving boat was on the way to the scene of the wreck.. Before proceeding to the assistance of those on board the Agsaye it made for the twouboats. Theâ€" quartermaster was exchanged for one of the lifeboat‘s crew, and under his guidance they reached Seal Island in safety. On reaching the wrecked steaaner the fifesaving crew, in comâ€" mand of Coxswain WDuffrey, were reâ€" ceived with hearty cheers. Taking off those remaimng on board t};e_AmL: and towing the cutter containing t remuinder of the crew the lifeboat started for the island, reaching there about 7 pam., where all bands, 65 in number, were safely landed. Some of th> men experienced considerable disâ€" ccmfort, as they were in the open boat for meny hours and were scantily clad. Residents on the itland received themt very bospitably and did all they could for their comfort. The Assaye is fast breaking up and tikely will be a total loss, She was built by Horian & Wolfe \ at Belfast in 1891, is an iron steamer |«..' 5,000 tons, and considered one of the best freight eteamers on the Atvantio Ocean. Heavy sveather on the coast was th=@cause of the delay in the neows reaching the mainiland. AN IMPORTANT MEASURE, AGRICULTURAL MARKS BILL 1N THE ENGLISH COMMONS. To Proteci the Rritish Public From Fravd â€"Et May Militate Against the Colâ€" onides, A despatch from London, says :â€"AMr. John K. D. Windfieldâ€"Dighy, Conservaâ€" tive member for the North Division of Dorsetshire, moved the second reading of the agricultural marks bill on Wedâ€" nesday in the Wotuse of Commons. This is a drastic meashre intended to preâ€" vent the Fraudulent sale of foreign meat and cheese as British products. The President of the Board of Agriâ€" culture, Mr. Walter Long, in the House of Commons said there was marvellous unanimity in favor of the principle of Mr. Wingfieldâ€"Digby‘s bill, the object of which was solely to protect Pritish produce from fraud and not for proâ€" tection against imports. Mr. Long further remarked that the Governâ€" ment was prepared to support the hill on the condition it was referred to @ select _ committee. Mr. James Brycel Liberal member for the south division of Aberdsen, said he beligved the only effect of the bill wouid b;j to show purâ€" chasers how much cheaper foreign meatl is than home meat. Mr. Bryce added it was a pity so many bills were introâ€" duced in Parliament treating the Briâ€" tish cclonies as foreign countries. By far the largest part of the imgorlad meat, he continued, came from the colâ€" onies, and the bill undoubtedly tended in the direction ~of protection, Mr. Wingfieldâ€"Dighy moved ‘the closwre of the debate, which was g‘nr_riwl w itin,-‘u | spoons, (a wie, a mould in pJasict i4 Paris, &and> a long handled small dipâ€" ‘pip Apuepias yYJmm ‘Wedoonese 10 1ed | duty for a crucible, and a bicycle monâ€" | key wrench. The arrest of Albert Sears, aged 20 years, quickly followed. James Sick‘!e, fatherâ€"inâ€"law of John Sears, was also ‘placed in the toils, (‘hflr&(:i with ut tering the false coin. An the afternoon John Sears, the supposed leader of, i he finng was arrested in a bush where = was hbiding from the police, mear Mobawk park. He made aâ€" desperate fight for his liberty. John ~Brown, a coloured man was also arrested, chargâ€" ed with being implicated in the illeâ€" gal business, What part be had to do in it the nlice refuse to say, None of the gang ve got rich over the busiâ€" ness yet, as they were just gotiing started. ~ Four Arrests in Brantford for Utftering the Coin. C Be your own judge, Chumpley, but cfiljnfiw sh(éw mo‘a‘ onei thing;bom I;h:-.- ichly makes her «attractive No: k%- the bank." HER SHOCK. S_“ b“l‘do;i;h fl he loved her, x‘ a w. joyous scream, *ojis:l h_(_‘_tgq victim, _ 1 Of a mean Welsh rabbit dream. HER INVISIBLE CHARM coOUNTERFEIT MONEY. â€"DENPSTER STEANFR ON BLONDE ROCK. efve AN INFANT P OTTO POEHLER, T GERMAN SC At Tmo Koars of Ago # â€"Now, at Four %ea tories _ and _ HHog About @ther Fumon astounded maniiser wontler ao marka prDn & N ten the LW W @1 alter montu menl membered phies, and :« places of bis worthies an The child OX C learn how to energies seem one thingâ€"re wb V Bm s lam‘ pro man chi dazzl ingr and the There h £i0n ol duom wriling an Furthermo bous amemory jor for reading is in but is based upon a solid and very & Otto‘s parents 1 make a show of h ould command t4 ‘boy are npt rich they were most men sopole nshi] But of evertopp bappy + a freak « OT cluston have st bous an im witth some of t] nave sel . that the is h Ad Macaulay 4 whom was tercon who #A of an‘y Lo beat somel was sent dome When be was Ma iater he he was « 1y ail the a; naatnt uine | wh> had He wenkt and mag ba Lor killed kn had com Most of t! come to ths been _ mus born in W: few lessouns ¢ & ¢€¢ n Af »f > this enty H Th it Ts t T ma n n mer rary ramry OTHER b He is n ha e L n n St ((WAp and moY Lo wit pr La® ImI nd of D Agit even ans five vear »p1 D ni 1« M n 1 properi P‘Auoj yerma n REA ha from LN MV Noh ns 1N 1 1 N h ng