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be w t 0b in K D& be ‘. * WE WANT GOOD ROADS." Do we actually want good roads? Or. «are bad roads preferable? Is the cry that has been raised throughout the length and breadth of Canada and of this continent. "We want good roads," the demand of men in their sober senâ€" seat Or has labor and money been placed on our roads for a century past merely to occupy our time, and keep our surplus capital in circulation. If we do not want good roads, if bad roads ars preferable, why should we want roads at allt * The Great Need of This Country is Good Roadsâ€"â€"How to Build Them Economically Explained by an Expertâ€"â€"Useful Hints and Diagrams to the Road Builders of this Country. We must have roads. That necessity having been placed upon us, the exâ€" perience which has taught us the wisâ€" dom of building other structures subâ€" stantially, teaches us the economy of baving roads that are good. We want roads which will withstand wear. We want the !abor and money spent on them to be a paying investment. We want roads which will be good no matâ€" ter what the state of the weather, We want roads which will not become rutâ€" toed immediately the fall rains come on or when the frost leaves the ground in the spring, remaining in rough ridzes for & considerable part of the suromer. A road which does this is a tbad road. The monsy and labor spent on it, is larzel! forced down into the mud, is plowed under within a year, an t wasted. A good road is an econâ€" omical road. In building an economical road, imâ€" vwrovements must be made in such a way that they will last. Roads in Canâ€" awia have been built on the same prinâ€" ciple as a wagon which breaks down under the first load, and is used for fire wood after a year of service. Most of the leading roads of Ontario have been made and remade a score of times and are still bad roads. They are of the kind that "break up." A road that "breaks up" is like anything else that breaks wp, &A poor investment. When road building is rightly underâ€" stood in this country, township counâ€" cillors will no more think of building roads that break up in the a'prlng.th:m they will think of constucting houses By that break up in the spring, barns that break up in the spring, or fences that break up in the spring. _ ns t The road builders of this country: have not given sufficient consideration: to the effect of building bad roads. Year aifter year work of a flimsy, shiftiess character is placed on the roawds. The resuits are only temporary and are destroyed by a very little wear and traffic. In a very short time the work has to be done over azain. But the evil does not end with this. This annual demand for repairs is so great that no township can teâ€" spond to it. The roads instead of beâ€" ing repaired when they need it are noâ€" glected, grow worse and worse, and a‘l the evils of bad roads follow. What bad roads are doing for this t ‘They do not see nor appreciato L508 benefits which would® accrue to the: township, county and province. They everilook the public good. But public ?ood is merely individual benefit conâ€" errod on every citizen. Money and labor spent on the roads of the townâ€" shi» will enbhance the value of every farm by increasing the demand for farm land ; it will increase the profits of the farm by reducing the experse of the farm. The dairying industries would be immensely benefited _ by good roads; fruit growing would beâ€" come more remunerative, sale would be obtained for produce which is not now raised, because of the difficulty of reaching the market. STATUTE ILABOR. The great majority of roads in Canâ€" is are under the control of township councils, and are built by statute laâ€" bor supplemented by money grants. The statute labor system is suited to a &mr age. It suits the abilities of people mkinf a home in a new country, and it suits the spirit of their ciroumstances. They feel keenly the LOVS T EMAE ceo, \ * semmote sanvark | u44000 CA6 <ctatecendithy 400 need of improving their work with a will, earnes fully. That was the hist labor In the p_ioaoejrz day: need oOf HOpPFC CCC _ lre amd work with a will, earnestly and faithâ€" fu‘lly. That was the history of statute labor in the pioneer days of what are now the populous districts of Canada. But where the townships have grown wea‘thy and well populated, a different condilion exists. To such an extent U‘ /uta inbor degensrated that some bas statutie iabor degens . W. Campbell, C. E., Road ommissioner of Ontario. t see nor appreciate the h would‘ accrue to the inty and province. They mnmblic good. But public A CONCRETE CULVERT townships find that they can do more work by commuting all the labor at thirtyâ€"five cents per day. _ u.3 If statute labor has not outgrown its usefulness therse is certainly need for reform when a man‘s labor is worth less than thirtyâ€"five cents a day. A| feeling in favor of statute labor still| holds in some localities, but is growâ€"| ing weaker. There is not & country in the world, characterized by good roads, where a system of statute labor is in use. To a slight, but very slight exâ€" tent, it may be said to be used in France, but with very different methâ€" ods of applying it. If it is to be retainâ€" ed in Ontario, the present feeling of the people strongly indicates that it will have to be placed on a basis whereâ€" by satisfactory results can be obtained. There is a prevalent opinion that a resident on a concession road knows better than â€" anyone else the reâ€" quirements of that particular road. A remarkable feature, bowever, ‘ia tha! no two citizens agree in their ideas of what work should be done, or how it shou!d be done. No doubt there are cases in which one man is right; but when one man is right all the rest must be wrong, Pathmasters are appointâ€" ed in turn from among these to plan and superintend the roadwork. The only result which could reasonably folâ€" low from such a system is that which we findâ€"waste and bad roads. The pathmasters can make the road or destroy it; call out the men or not; make the roadway 10, 20, 30 or 40 feet wide, as may suit their individual ideas make the width uniform or of as many widths as there are pathmasters; crown the grade, make it flat or conâ€" caved as may ocour to them ; they can notify the ratepayers on the beat of the number of days to be performmed and instruct them to turn out when they see fit; the ratepayers bring such implements as they wish, work or do not work, so long as they put in the time:; they baul gravel if they want to put in three days in one ; haul sand or turf so long as taken from the plied. IMPROVING PRESENT CONDITIONS. If a supervisor were appointed, if pathmasters, (and fewer of them) were appointed for a term of zeara to carry out the directions of the supervisor, and if to these positions the right men were appointed, a considerable step wou‘d be taken towards the better manâ€"| agement of roads in the townships. Under systematic management, money and labor could be made to work toâ€" gether to the best possible advantage. At present each pathmaster is given a few dollars and a few days of labor, surrounded by neighbors. Nothing but patchwork can be expected. By conâ€" solidating this money and labor, by usâ€" ing the statute labor in the ways in which it can be turned to the best adâ€" vantage, by using the money in purâ€" chasing material and doing work to which statute labor is not adapted, by seeing that all this work is properly done, and at the right time much ‘«ould be done to improve present conâ€" ditions. UWILIZING STATUTE LABOR. 1 One of the most profitable methods of using statute labor is to utilize it in bauling gravel. In this work there ‘is less opportunity for wasting time; | it is work which is more agreeable than much of the other work of grading and \ditching; it is work which the averâ€" age farmersunderstands to be of direct benefit and is entered into heartily. It follows that it is better for othâ€"| 1 er means to be used in performing| other work. For the grading of the| roads there is machinery which every | township should possess. For the opâ€"| : eration of these machines one man}, shou‘!d be hired, as skill and experience |. are absolutely necessary. It cannot be|, passed around from farmer‘to farmer |. illke & scraper or a plow. These maâ€", chines do not know how a road shou'.d‘ ' be shaped, but in the hands of a man who does, they are exceedingly valu-| able. For drainage and ditching it is} usually best to hire the work dons by _men who are accustomed to this class ‘of work. One of the most necessary steps to be taken so as to receive the greatest benefits from statute labor is to see that the material, whether graâ€" ve! or broken stone, is prepared in the pit or quarry, ready to be drawn to | the road. If screening, crushing of stripping a pit is necessary, it should| be all done before statute labor comâ€"| mences. Grave! may be plentiful, but ‘ of a very inferior quality. Usually no | effort is made by the council to screen i the gravel, remove the surface soil| ‘from the pit or in any way prepare the | gravel for being placed on the road.| Teamsters go into the pit,one or two,! at a time, it is of inferior quality, but| they cannot undertake the task of reâ€"| moving the earth and clay, in order | to satisfy their few days of labor. In ‘other sections there is no gravel, but \ fisld and quarry stone is to be found. |in abundance, frequently along . the | road to be improved. But with this material unprepared for roadwork, noâ€" thing can be done by the farmers exâ€" cept to plow and scrape the mud, and lin other ways, put in their time in useless effort. If the council would | purchase or otherwise employ & rock | crusher to prepare this stone and leave it ready for hauling, if they were to purchase screens, strip pits, etc., and gee that nothing but firstâ€"class gravel was provided, farmers would be encourâ€" aged and would willingly spend t!\'eir time to the f this material. A SUPERVISOR. The first and greatest noed of every and any system of road construction, is to kavea one man at the head of the work to act as a general supervisor. He must be a practical man, and if posâ€" sible, experienced in road construcâ€" tion, and acquainted with the prinâ€" ciples underiying it. The advantage of having such an officer, appointed by byâ€"aw, with term of office as secure as that of a township clerk will be best explained by stating his duties:â€" ist. The supervisor should prepare & plan of his district, or township, showâ€" ing all roads, and the location on them of all culverts, bridges and waterâ€" courses, classifying roads according to their requirements. «l 324. 2nd. He should prepare & list of all cu‘verts and bridges, showing dimenâ€" sions, material used in construction, their conditions and the direction of the watercourses _ passing through them, with memoranda as to the course of the water and location of the outâ€" 5th,. fe should report to the counâ€" cil as early as possible in each year, showing the number and location of culverts and small bridges to be reâ€" built or rapaired, with a detailed statement of a‘il material required for this work, and an estimate of the cost. It would also be advantageous to have a probable estimate of | material reâ€" quired during the following year, preâ€" | sented each fall so that, if thought adâ€" \ visable, it may be purchased and deâ€" \ livered on the ground during winter ‘ months or other most convenient seaâ€" son, so as to utilize as much as posâ€" | sible, the labor of ratepayers during | the s‘ack season. _ _ & & 3rd. The plans and records should show, as to roads, whether they are of gravel, stone or earth, graded or ungraded, the system of drainage, and nature and extent of traffic upon them, let. He should carefully study the present and future requirements of traffic on all roads, the class of roads best suitâ€" ed to such traffic, the width and depth of meta!, width of graded portion, amâ€" ount of crown and other details of construction. & T t s 4th. He should possess full informaâ€" tion as to location, extent and qualâ€" ity of material suitable for road conâ€" struction, and amouut of plank and timber obtainable from ratepayers in the township or district, suitable for repairs. â€"~ | | Tstes & 6th. His report should specify the condition of a‘l bridges, indicating those who require repairs or reâ€" construction, together with an estimate of cost, and a statement dealing with such special p_rotaection ‘vyorE on streu'zfls as he may deem worth the council‘s consideration. There should also be reference to any needed reâ€"location or deviation of existing roads with a view to doing away with bridges, culverts, exrpensive grades, cuts or other features which tend to prevent permanent work and economic maintenance. . _ 7th. He should consult with all pathâ€" masters and report to the council, showing the number of days‘ labor in each division, the work to be undertakâ€" en, and the amount of money which shou‘d be appropriated by the counâ€" cil to properly utilize the statute laâ€" 8th. He should arrange with divisâ€" ions desiring to compound statute laâ€" bor for a term of years, with a view to the construction of permanent and finished work. â€" ____ â€"_â€" bor. He should take stock annually, fullest extent in bauling 17C ULRCENOME CC crushing 01“ ficer, and his division should be such ry, it should | that the most of his travel will lead e labor comâ€"| him over the greatest portion of it. »lentiful, but Ho need not receive a mlar{',e but . Usually no should, as a slight recompense, preâ€" ncil to screen ferred in doing small jobs under the surface soil| supervisor, where the work is not conâ€" y prepare the | sidered of sufficient importance to be on the road.| let by contract. He should, in adâ€" tone or two, dition, give special attention to all quality, but | emergency work, such as washouts, e task of reâ€" broken culverts and bridges. If the lay, in order, time required to oversee the statute ; _of labor. In labor in his division is more than would o gravel, but| be needed for his own statute labor, ; to be found he should be paid for such excess unâ€" â€" along the| der certificate of the supervisor or jut with this council, the object being to secure roadwork, noâ€"| proper supervision of all work perâ€" a farmers exâ€"| formed; the council or supervisor to the mud, and| determine whether the excess time was heir time in | actually necessary to oversese the work uncil _ would| of the division, in accordance with the nploy & rock‘ local byâ€"law of ruiles and regulations, one and leave| which should be framed so as to include they were to| this matter. and report to council on all machiner and implements, showing their cond tion and where kept. _ _ & 10th. He should carefully examine all parts of the township where gravel and stone exist, and should by borings and tests, determine tha quality and extent, and report thereon to the counâ€" cil. All material, stone, plank, gravel, etc., should be purchased by the suâ€" pervisor in large quantities, and undâ€" er instructions from the council, the required amount to be determined by his estimates referred to above. As far as possible the material should be purâ€" chased by tender, and due consideration should be given to any ratepayer havâ€" ing material for sale. When purchasâ€" ed it should be delivered and stored at convenient points, and placed in charge of, and used by the pathmaster, subject to the order of the supervisor, and in emergency work. ie lith, He shcald prepare specificaâ€" tions of all work for which the counâ€" cil makes appropriations, Contracts should be awarded to the lowest bidder if proper security is given, but the work should be subject to the approvâ€" al of the supervisor and all accounts ehouéd be certified by him before payâ€" ment. PATHMASTERS. ‘ There are men in every township who are capable of taking the oversight of roadâ€"construction, but the system of changing the pathmasters every one or two years is not likely to produce men who are well qualified in this respect. Appointed in the spring, the patb?as“t; er has no time to make a study of the subject such as it demands. Nor is the fact that he will be succeeded by some one else as pathmaster the following year an encouragement to effort in this direction. a tPgiates “a‘;a:&wc.l.ivlsions or "beats‘" should be from three to five miles in length. A pathmaster should be a permanent ofâ€" Gravel is very plentiful in many partsec of Canada, and where it can be obtained, of a good quality, within reaâ€" sonable hauling distance, makes a cheap but good road surface. As preâ€" viously pointed out, it should be clean, free from sand and clay, since it is the stons, not the earthy materials which are needed on the road. Nor should large stones and boulders be mixed with it, as they will work up, and roll loosely under the feet of the horses and the wheels of vehicies. es In the preparation of gravel it is frequently advisable to place a stone crusher with screen attachment in the pit. â€" By passing all the gravel through the sand and clay are removed and the large stones broken by the one operaâ€" tion. If the gravel is fit to be placed on the road without such treatment, in nearly every case it will be necesâ€" sary to send a man over the road to rake off large stones and break them by hand. Â¥ 2 Much carelessness is exercised in taking gravel out of the pit. In the average pit we find the surface layer of from two to four feet, composed of earthy matter ; then a layer of four or five feet of clean gravel of excelâ€" lent quality ; then a stratum of coarse sand one to two feet thick ; and underâ€" lying this another stratum of fairly good gravel. The common practice followed by teamsters is to scrape down the face of the pit, causing the soil, clean gravel and sand to mix toâ€" gether at the bottom. This is put in the wagons and taken to the road.. Very few gravel pits provide materâ€" ial fit in its natural state for use on the road." Screening and crushing are often necessary, particularly the formâ€" er, to remove sand ani. clay from among the stones. It is the stone which is wanted on the roadâ€"not the sand and clay. There is enough sand and clay already on the road without drawing it several miles from the gravâ€" el pit. Road material, to be of its greatest value on the road should be nearly free from sand and clay. Dirty gravel, while it unites readily and forms a good roadway in dry weather, dissolves, turns slushy and ruts with equal readiness in wet weather ; whereâ€" as with clean material the stones asâ€" sume a mechanical clasp the one of the other, that will not yield to all the same extent in wet weather. Earth and sand attract moisture and after a few hours‘ rain the road beâ€" comes softened. In this slight ruts are formed which hold water; the whole structure becomes saturated, breaking the bond and permitting each succesâ€" sive vehicle to churn these ruts deepâ€" er until the gravel coating is cut through. PURCHASE OF GRAVEL. A great many townships buy grayâ€" al by the load. ‘This is very much like buying water by the pailful instead of digging a well. Gravel should be bought by the pit, or by the acre, and should be available at all times for any farmer who wants to increase the value of his land by improving the road past it. Especial care should be taken by councils to see that, prior to the performance of statute labor, the pit is ltriprod and the gravel otherâ€" wige treated if necessary. THE GRAVEL OR BROKEN STONE IN PLACE.â€"Crossâ€"section THE FINISHED ROADWAY. GRAVEL ROADS. ONTA This material is purchased at from 5 to 10 cents a load, and when mixed with an excessive amount of sand or clay is the most expensive road materâ€" ial for much travelled highways. When we consider the number of pits in some townships and their immense size, reâ€" presenting that thousands of loads have been taken out, and then consider the short mileage gravelled, we must readi ly see that something in the quality of material and the mode of construction is radically wrong. In some instances much more than the value of a whole farm bhas been paid for by gravel purâ€" chased by the load and taken from & small corner. If firstâ€"class material were used unâ€" der ordinary traffic, the annual re pairs rendered necessary would be very slight. In searching for gravel, the clearest indications are usually to he found along the banks of streams, where any extensive strata is apt to be exposed. A postâ€"hole auger affords a convenient means of making tests over the surâ€" face of the soil for gravel, but the best implement is generally & simple form of drill. There are cases in which gravel beds may be entered at the level of a stream bed, and water is thereby obtained for washing the metal by natural drainage, affording a cheaper means of freeing it from sand and earthy matter than by screenâ€" ing. Gravel is still being deposited in drifts and bars by the agency of streams ; this will be found to partake Ey ARRRRE Es OOCRRRTNC CC CPC of the character of the pit gravel of the locality but generally will contain less clay, although sand may easily be in excess. This is usually one of the best sources, as the gravel can be washed by. natural drainage. . Lake gravel is often a good metal but variâ€" es greatly. It is apt to be slaty, an undesirable quality: It will be free from dirt and clay, but contains suffiâ€" cient sharp sand to secure consolidaâ€" tion, especially if a roller is used. Gravel which retains a perpendicular face in the spring, and shows on trace of slipping when thawing out may genâ€" erally be assumed to be sufficiently clean and free from clay for use on the road without any treatment other than is necessary to break stones greater than onme inch and a balf in TRIUMPH OF WHEELâ€" WOMEN. For more than five years that exâ€" ample of progressive graciousness, the wheelwoman was the recipient of all sorts of bharsh abuse for the reason that | she liked bicycling, bought a wheel for ] herself and insisted upon riding it. Years before she even thought of that exercise for herself men had enjoyed cycling, and it had increased their vigâ€" or and prolonged their lives. Scarcely more than ten years ago safety bicyâ€" cles were in their infancy, and makâ€" ing them for women‘s use was an exâ€" periment undertaken with more or less Imisgiving. diameter. !er sex. When those arguments failed lco dissuade women from taking their 'da,ily spins they were assailed and apâ€" | pealed to on the ground that the wheel \was the personal and favorite instruâ€" ‘ment of Satan, and that cycling "had |a tendency to lure young girls into ‘paths that lead directly to sin.‘" Mothâ€" ‘ers were cautioned against permitting ‘their daughters to ride, and husbands ‘became uneasy lest their wives should Ewheel away. It was estimated that the force needâ€" ed to propel a wheel was greater than the average woman could supply. That was the first objection to women Déâ€" coming cyclists. Then it was asserted that wheeling was too unbecoming and immodest to be practiced by the gentlâ€" To supplement the anxiety of the household, clergymen averred â€" that their congregations had been seriously diminished by the bicycle‘s popularity, and that sisters who had formerly ocâ€" cupied front seats in the churches were to be seen decked in blouse waists and abbreviated skirts hurrying past the sanâ€"tuary. Theatrse managers charged the wheel with diverting the a_ttention pipe tires and sprockets, Physicians :frightened wheelwomen who wouldn‘t : discard their stee! roadsters with threats of paraesthesia and paresis in the interossei, lumbricales and adductâ€" , or pollicis. ! In the iast year or two wheelwomen | have shown a decided liking for cenâ€" tury runs, and for that they have been | vigorously scored. A few women have ‘exhibited, bad taste by engaging in ‘long club runs composed of men with }whmn. their acquaintance was little or nothing. Happily, such imprudence ‘bas been rare, ard the examples furâ€" inishedt have resulted in better judgâ€" ‘\ment being exercised by others. i of young ladies from the bharmless amâ€" usements of the stage to the doubtful attractions of suburban groves and retreats labelled "Ice Cream and Soda." Other dissatisfied persons, inâ€" cluding den{ers in furniture, vowed that, with many bousewives, comf{ort and aesthetics in the home had become secondary conditions since the thought of femininity had been given to hoseâ€" Having endured criticism, reproach, and discouragement for so long a time, the wheelwoman now rides with a light beart. She has succeeded in showing that in the way of moderate and wellâ€" timed bicycle riding, what‘s good for man is also good for his companion. In other words, in ber battle for the bicycle she has won a victory over the pessimists and sticklers for oldâ€"time straitlaced decorum, and to quote one of her number, "good health and conâ€" tentment among the bicycle girls now appear to be contagious. : Mrs. Springsâ€"How careful you little boy is of his health! My boy is conâ€" stantly running out in all sorts of weather, without overcoat or overâ€" shoes, no matter what I say. How do cold I give him cod liver TORONTO (To be Continued.) MANAGING A BOY. The Awful Apparatas to Be Used in in the Future. Marvelious as are our Maxim and Gatling gunms, torpedoes, and all the other instruments of modern warâ€" fare, human ingenuity in this direcâ€" tion has by no means exhausted itself. In a few years the manâ€"killing apparaâ€" tus will probably be of a far more wonâ€" derful and awful character than at present ; for inventors in different countries are perfecting terrible imâ€" plements, many of which will, as soon as possible be turned to praotical An engineer in the north of Engâ€" land has just patented a gun which is calculated to beat the record in quick discharge of bullets, for it in estimated that it will fire no fewer than 30,000 in a single minute. It is constructed on the principle of a sling. _A diso from which two hands projeot is set working inside a case at the rate of 153,000 revolutions per minâ€" ute. The bullets are poured into the case, and caught by the whirling hands, which shoot them through an openâ€" ing leading to a barrel, whith may be directed to any particular #pot. The machine will be mounted on & motor car, with blades projecting from the axles. The bullets are discharged with enormous velocity, and the inâ€" ventor deciares that at close quarters an enemy would be absolutely annihi« lated by them. Experiments have al« ready been made, and have proved fully satisfactory. A new quick-l‘iring gun will soon be turned out by a Birmingham firm, which will put all others of its cluse into the shade. â€" All the gunner has to do is to turn a wheel, and bullets, which will kill at three miles, are disâ€" charged at the rate of 60 PER MINUTE. The gun only weighs lowt. and the barrel may be pointed in any direction with the greatest facility. The prinâ€" ciple is that of an endless belt, which is made to collect the cartridges when passing . thmug'l‘l a box. I s passing through a Lox. shields would appear to be out of date ; but the authorities at Pekin are adopting some of a very interesting kind. They are about the same slze awid weight as a Chinese warâ€"shield , but the special advantage of them are that they are bulletâ€"proof, and that within each shield a swordâ€"bayonet is concealed, which, by simply touching & spring, can be made in a second to projeot from the front. The Chinese believe that with these their soldiers will be able to charge the enemy and p};tk theim to the sword with very little risk. MNiEmm . Emm t 2 P an extraordinary sort, which is being or has been, constructed. lt is a kind of land ironcilad, being a big movable bhouse on wheels. It is built of imâ€" penetrably thick steel with long, ugly spikes sticking out like quills from a porcupine, whilst there are scores of openings in the walls, from each of which a big gun peeps out. £ RSR> When Germany is next engaged in a great war in Europe she will proâ€" bably make use of a huge engine of L. cou C ooke in CaL Hid s To poison an enemy or put one to sleep is a decidedly novel idea, but experiments in this direction are beâ€" ing madse at St. Petersburg. A Rusâ€" sian chemist has discovered an anaesâ€" thetio which he claims to be several thousand times stronger than chloroâ€" form. â€"Efforts are now being made to inclose it in bombs, which could be shot into the midst of the enemy. The would then burst and take instant eI- fect upon all around. . Those who were not killed would be rendered insenâ€" sible for a long period, and it is calâ€" culated that‘a whole army could soon be made helpless. THE LILY. In England our calla lily is called the arumâ€"lily. It is not a "lily" at all, but it is an arum, and the regal! queen of its familyâ€"the family to which the Jackâ€"inâ€"tbeâ€"Pulpit or Indian (turnip of our forests is allied. In Australia the calla is such a pest as the water hyacinth is in Florida ; 1t chokes up the irrigating channels by its rapid growâ€" th and requires vigorous measures to subdue. Another flower called a lily, which bas no right, save that of long usuage, to the name, is the lily of the valley. In medieval times the monks said these little flowers, the simplest of the simple were the "lilies of the field," which our Lord said were more splendidly arrayed than Solomon in all his glory. \MBut since then wise men have squabbled over the phrase and the flower to such purpose that they bhave come to no conclusion but it is more than likely that the plant on which the Saviour‘s eye chanced to fall was eithâ€" er the crownâ€"imperial, or the martaâ€" gon, or an amaryllisâ€"each of them flowers of sumptuous coloring and all natives of Palestine. It certainly could not have been the modest bell of the lily of the valley, for it is not the least like a king in his glory, nor, what is more conclusive, does it grow wild in the Holy Land. FIVEâ€"FOOT SsOLDIERS. The minimum height in the Mikaâ€" do‘s army is a fraction of an inch over five feet, and that in the Italâ€" ian army five feet one inch. As the beight of individuais in Japan does not often exceed five feet four inches for males, it follows that there is wonâ€" derful uniformity observable in the pbysique of,the Japanese troops, and this fact operates beneficially in long marches, very few falling out of the ranks, What one can do all can do. The Emperor himself is much above the aeverage stature. TERRIBLE MANâ€"KILLERS. Lou,. Svolyy Coma®e O RMERRHE C ECC ourl ber h‘:ir unless she has the papâ€" ers to ahow for it, t » My wife is a great business woâ€" an," remarked the man who is studiâ€" sort of thingt METHODICAL. #@