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Ory. oal in Haâ€" using very y absoâ€" received Santiageo 1e, but it s of the herefore, ery, and reins of Lit- uj» and t twenty salted a lded. commerce leman us~ eam in an and fixes® windmaill The jar is t weather s ne might aplay ee tw TTER rms ous fre repared |‘ is finâ€" place at er in the Sash, ifferâ€" ting. 1881 )se $ woolen, dmill reâ€" still the : a clean d nearly & n» and 41 1V AX1S +s pMn alit all those seashore, er cent in ud OY F ways litional in difâ€" nd the ilitary neland M D orders Sis of the 1 that ic aD man y ite to Tille JOF & ds of work, mediâ€" t I osplâ€" Amâ€" : she the D T1 ying 8 as 1 to s of A TgO Now liv« ) tMâ€" 8SO, the MMkâ€" ind ‘:'mi epe and Haâ€" on ire ite eta ird Y the dly All to mâ€" O iln n T@ he in The Great Need of This Country is Good Roadsâ€"â€"How to Build Them Economically Explained by an Expertâ€"â€"Useful Hints and Diagrams to the Road Builders of this Country. There are localities in Canada where! good gravel is not obtainable, but | where stone can be bhad, sither as bedl rock or as field boulders. Some townâ€"| ships have used stone broken by hand.t but a stone crusher, with a screen atâ€" | tachment affords a much cheaper method. ' The stone should be separated into | grades according to size, the coarser | stone to be placed in bottom of the , road, and the finer at the top. This, grading of the stone is done by means| of the screen attachment. _ If the stones are placed in the road without being graded in this manner, the smal!â€" er stones wear more rapidly than th«* larger and a rough surface results Large stones at the surface. morecver, are more apt to become loose, to roll under the borses‘ feet or the wheels. For a country road there should be placed in the roadbed, Ist, a layer of stones such as will pass through a 2 1â€"2 lnch ring ; 2nd, on this a layer of stones such as will pass through a one inch ring ; 8rd, on this a coating of soreenâ€" ingsâ€"that is, the dust and chips creatâ€" ed{ in crushing. * * * Cire must be taken in choosing the stons to be used. Some limestones make good metal; but limestone of a sliaty nature, or limestones which deâ€" cay rapidly on exposure to the air should be rejected. _ Sandstones are brittle and do not unite well in the road. Granites, which are found in many parts of Canada, make good road metal. _ Trap rock is the best obtainâ€" able. Gneiss is very (nqnently & gooll rock The latter with other ardstones, are frequently found as boulders scattered over the southern parts of Canada. In using field bouldâ€" ers, care must be taken to reject such atones as are evidently softened by exâ€" posure. _ Rocks which crumble readily under successive blows of a hammer ; or which show iron stains when brokâ€" en. should be discarded. A little exâ€" perience will quickly teach a judicious roadman to detect boulder stone which is un{it for road purposes. _ _ _ _ * WE WANT GOOD ROADS." There must be sufficient body of broken stone to consolidate into a comâ€" pact layer. _ A sprinkling of stones ?ver the surface is useless. It merely mpedes travel on what might otherâ€" wise be a good dirt road. Six inches of broken stone is the least which should be used in making d. ;iu{ablls roadway for any purpose ; and it shou be the aim of éyouncxl. to thicken this col'.ering as circumstances will perâ€" mit. PLACING THE ROAD METAL. To know how gravel or stone snould be placed on the road, it is necessary to have a knowledge of why it is placâ€" ed on the road. This is a matter to which very few of our roadmakers have fi'.'on slightest attention, and very ew could give an intelligent answer to the question. The popular idea is thit the stone makes a sort of carpet for a while ; in a short time it will be forced down into the soil to form a bottom ; on this more gravel or stone wiil have to be placed ; and that this To accomplish this to the greatest| possible extent there are several points| which it is necessary to pay attention§ to, ist, the road must be crowned or| rouniled up in the centre ; 2nd, the maâ€"| terial must be as compact and as solid| as possible; 3rd, the surface of the roud must be smooth. CROWNING. By having the road crowned orl rounded up in the centre, water is at| once thrown to the sides where it can| becarried away in the drains. If the | roud is flat on the top, or if hollow,| as many roads of Canada are, water stands oo the road, soaks down through | the roud covering, and softens the soil| beneath. Then the trouble begins.| There is nothing to support the | grader over one side of the centre, cutting off the top and turning the loosened dirt to the sida; then pass the grader back along the other side, tnrnini the loosened dirt to the side. This will leave a flat surface in thea centre of the roadway, along each !igo process will have to be continued indeâ€" finitely until a good road is made. There is even a very general belief thit it is not necessary to drain a roud; but that the only means of acâ€" complishing the dgsired end is to pile ;:J}.K' Of course, gravel and broken stons cannot as a matter of fact, be enilirely impervious; but so far as the gocating of these materials does preâ€" vent tfie water pusinz through to the subâ€"soil, it fulfills the greatest porâ€" tion of its mission. o gravel, so that when a loaded vehiâ€" cle passes over it, the wheels are forced down through the gravel and into the soil. The soil is plowed up,. mixed with the gravel and the serviceability of the road is largely destroyed. The meaans of providing a proper crown must depend on cirenmstances. For an average country road on which a grading machine is used the best method will be to first round up the natural soil giving it a less crown th n it is intended the finished road shall have. â€" This completed, pass }bo of which is a shoulder of loose earth, forming a shallow trench. In this the gravel should be placed, spread with a rounded surface and the loose dirt at the sides levelled off to conform to the shape of the roadway. Old gravel roads are commonly flat, in ridges. with square shoulders at the edge of the ditches. In this case, the better plan is to cut off these shoulders throwing the loosemed earth outward. The ditches are usually very wide and flat, the romd having Len graded by In the intelligent construction of a roud, the intention of the gravel or stone coating is to form a wearing surface and protect the soil underâ€" on gravel year after year; and that water, unless it actually floods over the top of the road, has little to do with the matter; and that so long as the actual surface of the road does not ;t. wet it does not matter how boggy t may be underneath. § By BROKEN STONE. A. W. Campbell, C. E., I Commissioner of Ontario drawing the earth out of the ditches with a scraper; so that these shoulâ€" ders thus turned outward merely widâ€" en the graded roadway without interâ€" fering with the drain. If, however, these ditches are sharp and deep, the loosened earth may drop down so as to obstruct the water in which case it will have to be thrown across the drain to the roadside by handâ€"a proâ€" eegglng"seldom“ge_cessary. es m °. intninbratntimes o dn? dutosscaaice: Sa Usually a sufficient depth of gravâ€" el will be found upon these roads, reâ€" quiring only that the centre should be raised by cutting off the sides. After this is done as above described, a light coating of clean gravel to fill the ruts and depressions and restore the crown will frequently make an excellent road. CONSOLIDATING THE MATERIAL. The road covering should be solid and compact in order to shed the watâ€" er. Under present methods, the grayâ€" el or stone is dumped in the centre of the road and left as it falls, a mound of loose material, avoided by the users of the road until late in the fall when the muddy and rutted state of the side of the road compels them to drive along this mound. _ Gradually it is flattened down and, after a year or so, during which time it has been mixed largely with the soil beneath, it assumes the shape of a road. The utility of roads made in this way is largely wasted. by it. This loose stuff absorbs the rain as it falls even before it is cut into ridges by wheels and the feet of horses. When it has been cut into ridges it acts as a receptacle to hold all the moisture its surface will receive. In this way the whole surface and foundation of the road is softened, is readily cut up and destroyed. 3 nearly the same end will be accomplishâ€" ed but less perfectly, and requiring & longer time. â€" The first vehicle passing over the road does comparatively little} injury ; it is when ruts have been formâ€" ed which hold water, and other wheels follow in these tracks, that the greatâ€" est damage is done. A SMOOTH SURFACE. It is evident that a smooth surface is essential to a good road. A rough surface is necessarily such as will imâ€" pede the flow of water. Ruts runâ€" ning lengthways with the road form trenches to cut off the flow of water from the centre to the drains. To The best remedy for this waste in roadmaking, is to spread the road metâ€" al to conform to the required surface of the finished road, and then thor« oughly consolidate it by the use of & heavy roller. It can be largely reme died also by taking proper care of the road, if a roller cannot be had. By raking the loose material into the ruts and wheel tracks as fast as they appear, Keep the roads dry, and with very litâ€" tle attention they will remain good roads. _A little moisture does comâ€" paratively little injury. _ Against some moisture it is impossible to guard. But with proper precautions, the excess moisture can be removed before great damage is done. The means to be takâ€" en with regard to the actual surface of the road have already been comâ€" mented upon. such roads rain is always an in jury. With roads properly built, on the conâ€" trary, a good dash of rain will flush away the dust which has accumulated ; and which if it remains on the road in time of steady rain and slush, acts as a sponge to absorb moisture and soften the surface of the road. The open drains at the sides of the road should be sufficiently deep to hold water in times of freshets, and should have a sufficient fall to carry it quickly away. _ The fall should be uniform, not a series of rises and falls, knolls and holes. : AN EASILY MADE STONE CULVERT. â€"Crossâ€"section. Most important of all, in view of the neglect which it receives, the outâ€" let must be ample, and always free from obstruction. It is useless to dig a drain without providing an outlet for the water, a thing very commonly done. The water merely stands in the treach, soaks into and softens the roadâ€" bed. Unliess a drain carries the water away, it is useless. ing a sustaining power of only oneâ€" half to one ton per square foot ; and for this reason it is well to remove such soils, securing, if ible, a gravel, clay or sand tonnmn. The importance of keeping the roadâ€" bed dry, cannot be too thoroughly imâ€" pressed. Clay in thick beds, when dry, will support from 4 to 6 tons per square foot, of surface, according to the quality of t.he clay. If only moderâ€" ately dry it will support only from 2 to 4 tons per square foot of surface. If the clay is wet and soft it will yield to almost any load. Gravel, if well compacted, forms a much stronger roadbed, is less yieldâ€" ing to the action of moisture and for this reason, even for a thin surface coating, strengthens the road someâ€" what. But the real strength of the road must lie in the subsoil. Vegetable moulds and alluvial soils are weak, hayâ€" UNDERDRAINING. In order to keep the raadbed dry, and KEEP THE ROAD DRY. must be made for traffic, not THE OPEN DRAIN. FOUNDATION. Road a2,, 3 _2, ~0C 1700wWay Underncald the open drains. One tile drain placed underneath the centre of the roadbed is sometimes used. The extra cost of two drains is largely reduced, however, by the lesser cost of excavation, since, on the majority of road allowances, deep open drains now exist, and the soil is softer and more cheaply handled than that in the hardened centre ot the road. It is very unwise to excavate and softâ€" en the hardened centre of the road :vhen it can be avoided, as settlement ueburiccay 3 _ 0_A ewilhs | PV N. ECC quently advisable to use tile underâ€" drains. Owing to the weakening effect of water on clay, also to the retentive nature of clay, that soil is usually most in need of underdrainage. In gravel and sand, water is not ordinarily so deâ€" structive unless when acted upon by frost ; at the same time, these latter soils usually provide better natural underdrainage. as they are more porâ€" ous, and artificial means of underdrainâ€" age are usually less necessary. Underdrainage may be had by means of common field tile. It is usually best to place two such drains, one on ::ch side of the roadway underneath Lt mvusse B0 ce °C L PP : is very slow. At drains are more away water more oughly ; they inter ter from the adjo paeses under the Parzses under the roadbed. Any thoughtful farmer who knows the effect of underdraining in his fields will at once recognize its usefulness in road-ma.king. In the fall, water will be rapidly removed from the bed of the road and the destructive action of frost lessened. In the spring, the frost will come out of the ground more quickly, and each of those periods in fall and spring are shortened, when, with the foundation and surface thoroughly satâ€" urated, the roads are not only impassâ€" able on account of the mud, but are injured by traffic more than in all the remaining nine or ten months of t'he year. One year‘s statute labor with the annual appropriation, spent in proâ€" viding proper drains for the roads of the province would do more than can be done in five years with the present method of merely filling the holes which appear, with gravel or crushed stone. + Underdraining and grading should be carried on simultaneously. Unless drained, the traffic during the ensuing secure a strong foundation, it is freâ€" autumn and spring will usually leave a graded road as shapeless and rough as a pioneer wagon track can be. If drained, there will be a foundation for the gravel or crushed stone to rest on when applied. A porous soil, like a sponge, retains in its texture, by attraction, a certain amount of water. When water in exâ€" cess of this is added, it sinks to the first impenetrable strata, and ‘from there it rises higher and higher until it finds & lateral outlet; just as _ waâ€" ter poured into a pail will rise highâ€" er and higher, until it finds an outlet in the side of the pail, or until it flows over the top. Underdraining supplies the necessary outlet for this excess moisture at a proper depth from the surface; it "lowers the water line." (With plastic clays the process is slightly different. Clay will absorbh nearly oneâ€"half its bulk and weight of water. In drying, it shrinks and is torn in different directions. The fisâ€" sures thus commenced by a tile drain become new drains to lead water to the tile, and so the process of contracting and cracking continues until a net work of fissures is produced, and the stiffest clay is thereby drained. THE EFFECT OF FROST. The injury done to roads by frost is caused entirely by the presence of waâ€" ter. Water expands on freezing, and the more there is under a road, and above frost line, the greater is the inâ€" jury. In freezing, water expands. The particles of soil in immediate contact with the water are first compacted. When room for expansion ceases within the body of the soil itself, the surface is upheaved. When thawing takes place the subâ€"soil will be found honeyâ€" combed, ready to settle and sink beâ€" neath traffic. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the soil should be relieved of the water of saturation as quickly as possible by underdrainâ€" age. The impassable condition of most roads in Canada during the spring, ofâ€" ten axle deep with mud, is to be atâ€" tributed very largely to a wet subâ€"soil which has been honeyâ€"combed by frost. MAINTENANCE. It is not merety necessary to make the roads good; they must be kept good. It is not sufficient to provide drains; care must be exercised to keep the drains open and free from obstructions. It is not enough to merely place the gravel or broken stone on the road as it ought to be placed ; care must . be taken to see that the covering is kept in place. It is not sufficient to build culverts; it is further necessary that the culverts be kept in order. It is folly to build roads properly if they are afterwards neglected and allowed to remain out of repair. Every farmer knows that if the repairs of his barns, his outhouses, and his fences were negâ€" lected as is the repair of the roads, a great personal loss would result. _ Repairs are made once a year and that at a season when least required, having a tendency to destroy the useâ€" fulness of the road at the only time when our roads can be called serviceâ€" able. When the weather is dry for sevyâ€" eral months in summer the ordinary clay road baked by the sun, i# kept in proper shape, is an excellent roulwt{; but our novel systemâ€"as if to cheokâ€" mate Providenmce~provides otherwise. Probably one of the greatest defects of the present system of road construcâ€" tion is that the roads are not repaired when the need of repair first arises. Unless in a very dangerous state, work is done on the roads only once a year at the time of performing statute labâ€" or ; ruts, hollows and other defects are permitted to remain without attention and when these defects commence, they increase with great rapidity. Culverts are permitted to fall to pieces for want of repair at the proper time. Drains become obstructed, and the roadway is allowed to be flooded and saturated for want of a little timely attention. . The largest stones in the bottom and the smallest at the surface, free from sand and clay ; and thoroughly rolled. v. At the same time, two more effective, carrying more rapidly and thorâ€" intercept the soakage waâ€" adjoining land before it GOOD ROAD COVERING.â€"Crossâ€"section As soon as such roads dry upi showing signs of being fairly serviceable, it is the duty of each pathmaster to turn out, say in the month of June, and to the extent of his ability, with the staâ€" tute labor at his disposal, plow up, the sides of the road in the most irregular manner possible and then with drag scrapers bring the earth towards the centre of the road and there dump it so that each scraper full will stand out separately and alone, making the road surface as rough and impassable as possible. ‘Wherever such earth is brought from the side of the grade it appears to be unwritten law that it shall be done by gouging with the scraper so as to leave depressions and pockets, which will hold water. Where a road has been gravelled, but in the spring becomes rutted, with an 0ccaâ€" slonal depression, offering an excuse for repairs, it appears to be tha policy of our roadmakers to fill up the ruts with the coarsest gravel obtainable. Wherever there is aslight depression they dump a load of gravel large enâ€" ough to form a mound. Should these repairs force the traffic to the sides of the road, the work is considered comâ€" plete, except that it may be thought a further necessity to lay rails, logs, stumps, etc., crosswise on the sides of the roadway, obliging the travel to folâ€" low the centre or take another road. It is absolutely essential to the mainâ€" tenance of a good and economical sysSâ€" tem of roads that provision be made by the township for their repair as soon as signs of wear appear. However ¢xâ€" travagant it may appear at first sight, to recommend that a man be con_slant- ly employed to go over such a mileage of roads as he can attend to, devoting his whole time to the work, there can be no doubt that it would in the end be the most economical plan. It is the same system pursued by railways in the care of their roadbed, and railway corporations are noted tor their econâ€" omical methods. ‘A man constantly employed in this way could fill up ruts and wheel tracks as soon as they appear, before water has been permitted to stand in them to assist in deepening them. A decayâ€" ed plank would be removed from the culvert or bridge before an accident was caused thereby ; and before the weakening of the bridge at this point had caused other portions to be deâ€" stroyed. An obstructed drain would be opened before injury resulted to the roadway. Loose stones would be reâ€" moved from the road where they are rolling under the wheels and the feet of horses. Loose gravel and stone would be kept raked into place until it had become consolidated. By these and many other simple means the roads would be at all times kept in a more serviceable condition; and of greater importance, repairs would be made in time to gave the road from injury which could not be remedied ; and in time to save much labor and expense in making possible repairs. A ROAD ROLLER. A most valuable implement in road construction is the road roller. On town streets it is indispensable. To thoroughly consolidate the gravel or stone into a smooth, hard layer, before it can be mixed up with the subâ€"soil, renders the surface coating more durâ€" able and serviceable in every way. A steam roller of ten tons is toa expenâ€" sive for the majority of rursal muniâ€" cipalities, but in some instances townâ€" ships could rent from & town in the district, which owns one. A horse rollâ€" A road grader is one of the most neâ€" cessary implements for a township to possess. To depend upon manual labâ€" or for the first grading of roads, and the repair of others that require reâ€" shaping is a useless waste of labor and money. Improved road machinery is as great a saving in roadmaking as is the self binder or the steam thresher in farming operations. To neglect to use a road grader is as unwise as it would be to return to the old time cradle and flail. If every ratepayer took the same personal interest in the roads that he does in bis farm, no muniâ€" cipalities would be without modern maâ€" chinery for road work. The grader in the hands of a skilful operator will do the work of fifty to seventyâ€"five men in grading and levelling the roadâ€" er of six or eight tons is less expensive and some municipalities may see fit to purchase. In the construction of broken stone roads the looge stone conâ€" solidates under traffic less readily than does gravel, and without rolling reâ€" mains for some time very loose and rough. Wherever good gravel cannot be had, where stone for crushing is obtainable, a stone crusher is most useful. Stone can be broken by this means at a price within the range of every wellâ€"popuâ€" lated township, although a very expenâ€" sive work when performed by hand. A crusbher can be operated by the steam engine used for a threshing machine which can generally be rented. _A crusher will prepare from 10 to 15 cords per day. Some municipalities have adopted the plan of employing a foreman and a couple of laborers to devote their whole time to the roads of a district or townâ€" ship, and in such cases, a grader and other road machinery is employed. Whatever the details of the system, the principle should be the same throughâ€" out, that wear must be repaired as soon as signs of it appear, if economy and good service is to be had. ROAD GRADERS. A rotary screen attached to the crusher will separate the stone into grades according to size, ready to be placed on the road in layers, the coarsâ€" er in the bottom of the road. WAGON TIRES. It would seem as though in everyâ€" thing the present methods in regard to roads in Canada are contrary to good judgment. Gravel or broken stone is dumped loosely without even spreadâ€" A STONE CRUSHER. OoNnNTARIO ARCHIV f TORONTO i.ni._ on a badly graded, badly drained subâ€"soil. In the use of these roads the same recklessness is glaringly apparâ€" ent. When wide tires have universally replaced the narrow tires which are now found on farm wagons, a great part of the road question will be solvâ€" ed. Narrow tires of two and oneâ€"half inches in width have only one half of the bearing on the road which would be provided b{o tires of proper width. By referring the supporting power of soils discussed in the paragraph on "Foundntions," the effect of this is more apparent. By the use of a six inch tire, the roadway will support, without yielding, twice the load which it could support with a three inch tire. Narrow tires cannot be too strongly condemned. They cut and grind the road, plow and upheave it. . Wide tires on the contrary, are a benefit rather than an injury to the road inasmuch as they act as rollers to preâ€" serve a smooth, hard surface. In some localities wide tires are objected to unâ€" der the argument that they increase the draft required to move the load. This may occur under certain occasâ€" ional conditions of very wet and soft roads. But when wide tires are uniâ€" versally used this objection will disâ€" appear, as the increased draft is due :lo the ruts and mud caused by narrow res. For the average country road, a graded roadway twentyâ€"four feet in width between the inside edges of the open drains, will be ample to accommoâ€" date travel. For the average road,. if the central eight feet is metalled with gravel or broken stons, it will be sufâ€" ficient. ‘The depth and width of the open drains will have to be governed by circumstances. Sufficient cavacity must be provided to carry away all surface water. The depth must be dependent also on the fall obtainable. With tile underdrains, deep open ditches are not needed to drain the road foundation. The use of tile does away with the deep and dangerous open ditches which may otherwise be necessary. The crown of the road should be such as to give a fall of onmne inch to the foot from centre to the edgs of the ditch. HILLS. ‘ Hills are among the difficult portions of the road to construct, and are a. constant source of expense for repairs. The reason of this usually is, that the drainage is imperfect. Water _ is brought long distances in open drains by the roadside, and pou~r:(§, over the hills, frequently to flood over the whole surface. It is not uncommon to find the centre of the road over the hill lower than the open drains at its sideâ€" if there are drains at all. The natural result is that washouts are constantly occurring. For conditions of this kind the simple remedy is to dispose of the water before it reaches the hill, by conâ€" veying it through the adjoining fields if necessary. ‘The probability is that the greater amount of water has been carried in deep ditches past waterâ€" course after watercourse in order to dispose of it over the hill; thereby luvoiding the necessity of constructing drains through farm land in the naturâ€" ‘al watercourses. The secret of successâ€" ful drainage with respect to roads, is to dispose of water in small quantities before it can gain force and headway. Another common occurrence is to find water oozing from the surface of the road om hills. This is especially noâ€" ticeable after the frost leaves these spots. The surface is soft anid spongy and is cut readily by wheels. Such hills should be drained by placing a line of tile down each side of the roadâ€" way between the gutter and the gravâ€" el carrying these underdrains to proper outlets. Cross drains should be laid in the wet spot leading to the side underâ€" drains in a diagonal course. Well conâ€" caved gutters should be made on each side of the roadway and at regular intervals catch basins should be placed to arrest the flow of water in these gutters leading it into the tile underâ€" drains. The roadway on a hill should be well orowned. ‘This will draw the water quickly to the drains at the side of the road, instead of permitting it to follow the wheel tracks, deepening them to ruts, Brigandage still flourishes in Itâ€" aly. As Signor Romaninâ€"lacur, a wellâ€" known Deputy, and a dozen other men were going toward Grossetto the othâ€" er day for the purpose of inspecting a newly constructed aqueduct they suwddenly met a man, dressed like a huntsman, who levelled his rifle at them and ordered them to halt, They obeyed, whereupon the brigand comâ€" manded them to empty their pockets, Strange to say, not one of them made the least resistance, and as a result the brigand obtained a few thousand francs, Deputy Romaninâ€"lacur‘s involâ€" untary contribution being five bank notes of 100f. each. Having secured ikis booty the fearless robber disapâ€" peared snd no trace of him has since been found. On the following day a wealthy landed proprietor was stab bed and robbed by a brigand within a few miles of KRome, but fortunately the police were near at kand, and they arrested the miscreant before he could escaupe. As this victim is said to be mortally wounded, the chances are that the criminal‘s career is practically ended. DEAF AND DUMB CORPS. A deaf and duwmb corps of the . Salâ€" vation Army has been organized in Stockholm, Sweden. The members meet four times a week, and it is quite interesting to watch the movements of the fingers when an interesting theme is being discussed. Patientâ€"I‘m afraid I am poisoned, doctor. I ate what I supposed were mushrooms at & tableâ€"d‘hote dinner. Doctorâ€"Did you drink the wine that was served with it ? Soctor â€"Thek rowll be allâ€"Fight torâ€"Then you‘ all right. The two poisons wfl{ act as umma to DIMENSIONS OF ROADS. BRIGANDS IN ITALY, GOOD OUT OF EVIL. w To Be Continued. The Venus of Ttvoll and the Surprise f Brigands have begun to appear again in the Koma«n Campagna, and reports of the robbery of persons taking trips outside the city walls are becoming common, A young widow, well known in society at Rome, has been the vicâ€" tim of an embarassing adventure in consequence, She went for a day‘s outing to Tivoli, accompanied by a gal« lant cavalry officer, who had been courting ber, and stayed so late that she lost the last train back to Rome. After hunting around for some time her companion succeeded in finding an oldâ€"fashioned postâ€"chaise and a man to drive. They started late at night, but after a few miles were stopped on the highway by five men, who demanded their purses and watches. Unfortunateâ€" ly the officer undertook to resist. This angered the brigands, and, after ovâ€" erpowering him, they stripped the two travellers of every scrap of clothing and put them in the chaise and orderâ€" ed them to drive on. They reached the city gates after 1 o‘clock at night, and there were inspected by the Cusâ€" toms House officers, who, after makâ€" ing sure that they were concealing noâ€" thing contraband on their persons, kindly provided them with a few inâ€" dispensable garmenis, Gossips got ho!d of the story, and now the unlucky widow is known in Rome as the "Venâ€" us of Trivoli." ; A different story comes from Grosâ€" seto, in the swampy lands near the sea, on the railroad between Rome and Jegbor, Grosseto lately had waterâ€" works and an aqueduct constructed, but differences arose between the town authorities and the contractors as to the quality of the work, and a comâ€" mission was appointed to settle the difficulty, with Signor Romanin, Depuâ€" ty in Parliament, as Chairman, Signor Romanin, with the other commission= ers, and some laborers. the party conâ€" sisting of thirteen persons, set out one fine morning to inspect the aqueduct, They had entered a path six feet wide, running between the aqueduct and the River Ombrone, when they noticed a young mssn with a doubleâ€"barrelled gun some distaence abead. When they got near him he brought the gun up to his shoulder and quietly asked them 1to get together 1,000 lire at once or he would fire. The commission nearly tumbled over backward, but as no one showed any inclination to fight and the path was too narrow for fight, diâ€" plomacy was brought into play and an offer of 100 lire was made. The briâ€" gand, however, treated the offer with scorn,. _ "You are very fine gentleâ€" men," said he to Romanin, "one of the deputies who steal millions, _ Fork out what you have about you, otherâ€" _wise I won‘t give you time to say a "Hail Mary‘" The deputies hastily poured out the contenis of his pooketâ€" book on the path, and was allowed to go to the rear. One commissioner after another was then called out to _do the same, but the laborers were _spared. The party then withdrew a few bundred yards back, and, turning around, saw the robber shake out their pocketbooks and take the money, "Not even 1,000 lire ($200) in the whole pack, barely 750. I am ashamed to have had ‘ anything to do with you!" he shouted at them, turned his back on them, and _soon disappeared in the swamp thickâ€" ets. The commission then went back, | picked up its emptied pocketbooks, and | returned to Grosseto, refusing to conâ€" tinue the inspection of any more of that aqueduct. 4 Gen. Suwarrow, to Catherine of Rusâ€" sia: "Hurrah! Prague. Suwarrow." Catherine to Suwarrow : "Bravo,Field Marshal, Catherine." In these terms Suwarrow received his promotion. . Sir Charles Napier, after Hyderabad and the capture of Scinde: "Peccavi I have Scinde." In the dawn of the day which was to see the battle of Meanee, he said: "If I survive I shall soon be with those I love; if I MHow Famous Satlors and Generals Hayv‘t Announced Their Victorics, Caesar: "Veni vedi, vici" (I came, I saw;, I conquered.) Bobieski: "I came; I saw; God conâ€" quered." Turenne announcing the victory of Dunen over the Spaniards; "The enâ€" emy came; was beaten; J am tired; good night." Henry IV, of France, at Ivry, 1590; "If the flags fail you rally to my white plume. You shall always find it in the paths of honor and victory." Lawrence: "Don‘t give up the ship!" Marshal MacMahon, after the capâ€" ture of the Malakoif by the French during the siege of Sebastopol: "J‘y suis; j‘y reste." (I am here. I remain meme.)! .â€": =ou0. _ .0 AW fall I shall soon be with those I have loved." Gen. Desaix to Napoleon at Marenâ€" go: "The baitie is lost, but there is time to gain another." & PC Sebastiani, after the massacre of the Poles in Warsaw during the insurrec tion of 1830:;: "Order reigns in Warâ€" Here are some other pithy short sayâ€" ings about war that are appropriate at present. /# a Demosthenas: "A man that runt away may fight again.‘" (Demosthenes had been charged with cowardice in throwing away his shield at the batâ€" tie of Chevonea, 838 B. C.) _ _ _ Marshal Saxe: "We are like cloaks â€"one thinks of us only when it rains." (Said of tho soldier after peace was declared.) Alexander the Great to his disaffecâ€" ted soldiers: "Go home and leave Alâ€" exander to conquer the world alone." Wellington: "A great country can have no such thing as a little war." _ Marechal Ney: "Glory is not to be TWO ROMAN BRIGAND TALES. Marshal Lannes: "No one but a troon will boast that he never knew MESSAGES OF TRIUMPH.