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141 TERMS; $ per year, IN ADVANCER CHAS. RAAAGE Editor & Proprietor® StaadardBank of Canada Thursday Morning. Hend Office, Toront»: OAPITAL, Authorized $2,000,00€¢ «+ Paid up 1,000,0080 RESERVE FUND 600,000 W. F. Cowan, DURHAM AGENCY. Sded ane 3?.".'2’.?3..".‘.‘.:;3:‘:. wit points. B te received and interest allowed at ou BUSINESS DIRECTORY NOTARY PUBLIC, Commissioner,ctc., MONEY TO LOAN. Loan and Insurance Agent, Conâ€" veyancer, Commissioner &o. Loans unngled without delay, _ Collections promptiy made, Insurance effected. MANKEY TO LOAN stlowost rates of Interest # "IA® one door north of 8. Seot‘s Store Durhara LKCENSBD AUCTIONERER, for th County of Grey. Bales attended to promp and at reasouable ms. ) denee Durham Ont ~____ FOR SALB The EDGE PROPERIY. S a. REGISTRY OFFICE. Thoma *« Larder, Registrar. John A. Munro Deputy-fieghtur. Offce hours from 1( a. m. to 4 p. m. Grey, :;cifiding valuable Water Power Brick Dwelling, and many eligible puilding lots, will be sold in one or more M C Cc @Bk c es Iâ€" o Nee e . e Fire Insurance secured. OFFIOE, oven Grant‘s Stom« Lower Town, idu. Also lot No. 60, con. 3, W. G. It, Tfowaship of Bentinck, 100 acres adjoinâ€" Ing Town plot Durham. u. is 00 .» hi Ne us GENTS in all prineipal Ausasia Amahas Manitobs Un JAMES LOCKIE, ‘BSUER of Marriage Licenses. Aueâ€" : tioneer for Counties of Bruce and Grey. Residenceâ€"King S5t., Hanover, In the Town of purhsm. County of Has opened out a firstâ€"class Horse Shocing Shop, In the old stand. All hand. made shoes. Also GREY REVEU Handâ€"made Waggons SAVINGS BANK . P. TELFORD HUCH McKAY. allowed on savings bank deposits of $1.00 rards. Promptattentionund every faoil« ded customers liying at a distance . MISCELLANEOUS. . L. McKENZIE, Jobbing of all kinds promptly ALLAN MoFARLANE, WOODWORK Apply to JAMES EDGE, Rdge Hill, Ont, DURHAMâ€" LEGAL in connection. A firstâ€"class lot of for sale cheap. J KELLX, Agens. McFARLANE s1 W ILLYZ 3 JN SUEREME COURT Geo. P. Reid, for ints in Despite that nation‘s follies and wickâ€" ednesses there is a tinge of pathos in the acknowledgment of the Madrid newspaper, the Liberal, that "Spain‘s mission in the New World is completeâ€" ly ended." The close of a geographical and political connection which bhas lastâ€" P P cmie s ie Sm CE EERe AEeeOnE s ECERRIE C NENEEUOT Cl L ce w W ed for more than four *centuries is marked by the peace stipulation which fcrees the Spanish troops to evacuate Cuba and Porto Rico. From the hemâ€" isphaere which Spain discovered, which she colonized earlier than any other nation, and on which she once bheld more territory than all the other counâ€" tries combined, the Spanish flag now vanishes. . The magnificent estate which Columbus gave to Isabella and Ferdinand, which the *great Charles thought was the most valuable part of his world possessions, and which Philâ€" ip, supposed he had bequeathed to his people in perpetuity, gradually shrunk. in the mutations of the ages, and now the last fragment of it leaves Spanâ€" EaRAPReeeent . eRe mssn 60 his world possessions, and which Philâ€" | available fertility. The greatest ""°F | ./ ip, supposed he had bequeathed to his | to clover roots is found in the practice | w people in perpetuity, gradually shrunk.| of deep stirring of the subsoil, yet | or in the mutations of the ages, and now | without raising it to the suriace A8 ot the last fragment of it leaves Spanâ€"| would be done in ordinary plowing. i‘; ish hands forever. In all longâ€"cultivated fields this soil | w wasanmaee below the depth of plowing has been _fe Nowhere in the thousands of years! compacted and hardened by the tread | !I of recorded times does history furnish| of horses in the furrow or by the jpresâ€" (‘: a more striking contrast than Spain‘s| sure of the plow along the bottom! of | t connection with the New World preâ€"| the furrow, which is required in order sl sents. When Philip II. ordered the arâ€"| to turn it. Many times when the field | 4 rest of Drake for his presumption in | is plowed the plowshare compacts the | P sailing along the West Indies and the| moist clay, so that when it dries out | ; greater part of North America which | it forms something almost like stone | v had been colonized by any nation beâ€"| or brick at the bottom of the preâ€" | 5 longed to Spain, and the Pacific Ocean | viously made furrow. _ Many times : was a Spanish lake. In the year 1800 | when plowing old fields we have come | , Spain‘s territory stretched *from the| to these shells on the bottom of the | C southerly line of Oregon down to Cape | previously made furrows. If it was in | 5 Horn. She had the whole of the region \ summer time and the soil was dry, it : along the west side of the Mississippi| was almost _ impossible to break | from the Canadian line to the Gultl through the shell formed at the depth | : of Mexico, a strip of territory north | the field bhad usually been plowed. But | of the gull extending edst from the| when the soil was moist in early ‘ Mississippi, to and including Florida,| spring it was easy to turn up the soil and almost all of the continent south | deeper, though as this soil was cold of that line. Within the next quartert and untempered by frost. it generalâ€" of a century she bhad lost all this imâ€"| ly meant alessened crop of whatever mense domain except the Islands Of\ was grown on the land that season. Cuba and Port Rico which now drop| It is this practical experlence of the from her bands. Part of it she waa" effects of deep plowing which long ago coerced into ceding to France ; another | convinced farmers that as regarded all part, under pressure, she gave to the spring crops, deep plowing was a humâ€" United States; and *the rest of it_i blllg. advocated only by those who had Mexico, Chili, Peru, Colombia and other | i’;oflvl%‘;"figci‘v‘h&f"‘gey“::,‘em!’{v“fi"‘fi;‘; states of Central and South Amer1¢2| ahout, With that opinion we are enâ€" â€"â€"broke away from her and set up goVvâ€" tirely agreed. And yet though it may ernments for themselves. l be deemed a denial of what has just been written, we believe that graâ€" A n . | dually extending the depth of the plow, ‘ Alone of all the nations which have at least l;mti} it goes qzwu.fto eight (l)(xi 3 5 ; ain nine inches, is a necessity, if we woUu miled‘a Targe plaoe in histery: Sain: hino Thite t oo and the Nesfi , 3 ing. This gradual deepening of the: this century began. , Of the world furrow will enable the soil to hold empire which she had in Philip IL‘s l~1’om“x’xé!.u311l moist(:(xlref (hat'hwed shall bt; s ht actica anger 0 tnm.e. a very large part. or which ?‘e- ?nidsummirs::ough:g,mwhi:h innfi the mained down to the reign of Ferd}n- other sections of the country are now and VII. nothing is now left outside what the farmers who grow hoed of the peninsula, except part of the crops are most afraid of. We havie Philippines, which she will | probabty | oXF udW tioht Phek "wilP certninlg p | have to surrender, some territory in grow faster early in the season if plowâ€" Africa, which has only a handful of inâ€" ed shallow, or what is practically the _ | habiiants, and a few isolated islands figl:) th;:llg' [‘):lol\:'_ed td::fpl{ }n t'all1 antd a P : ultiv ore plantâ€" o oi Eurman w.\aters s:nd in the Paci: ing tl‘:: following sf:)ring. )lgutrwepwxilsh % fic. Nothing in the history of any DA to retract in part, our oldâ€"time estiâ€" % C n on U UH4 swnant the collnose mate of shaltlow plowing a.s_b‘eingl alâ€" Nowhere in the thousands of years of recorded times does history furnish‘ a more striking contrast than Spain‘s connection with the New World preâ€" sents. When Philip II. ordered the arâ€" rest of Drake for his presumption in sailing along the West Indies and the greater part of North America which had been colonized by any nation beâ€" longed to Spain, and the Pacific Ocean was a Spanish lake. In the year 1800 }Spain's territory stretched *from the southerly line of Oregon down to Cape Spain‘s territory stretched *from the southerly line of Oregon down to Cape Horn. She had the whole of the region along the west side of the Mississippi from the Canadian line to the Gulf of Mexico, a strip of territory north of the gull extending edst from the Mississippi, to and including Florida,\ and almost all of the continent south of that line. Within the next quarter: of a century she had lost all this imâ€" mense domain except the Islands of Cuba and Port Rico which now drop from ber bands. Part of it she was coerced into ceding to France ; anot her part, under pressure, she gave to the United States; and *the rest of itâ€" Mexico, Chili, Peru, Colombia and other states of Central and South America Alone of all the nations which have filled a large place in history Spain is feebler toâ€"day than she was when this century began. , Of the world empire which she had in Philip II‘s time, a very large part of which reâ€" mained down to the reign of Ferdinâ€" and VII. nothing is now left outside of the peninsula, except part of the Philippines, which she will probably have to surrender, some territory in Africa, which has only a handful of inâ€" habiiants, and a few isolated islands in European waters and in the Paciâ€" fic. Nothing in the history of any naâ€" tion of the world except the collapse of Alexander‘s empire after the great Macedonian‘s death or Rome‘s fall when Odoacer overturned the shadow throne of the " TLittle Augustus," equals the swift and sweeping ruin which has overtaken Spain since the end of the eighteenth century. Yet in this day of Spain‘s tribulation, which her poliâ€" tical infamies â€" and imbecilities have brought upon herself there will be no rejoicing at her fall. NOTES AND COMMENTS. The London newspapers are & good deal divided over the wisdom of Lord Salisbury‘s choice of Mr. Curzon to succeed Lord Elgin as Viceroy of Inâ€" dia. The Conservative journals apâ€" plaud it partly from motives of party loyalty, partly because there is no doubt that Mr. Curzon is a very able man, probably the ablest among the younger Tories, with an immense inâ€" terest in and considerable knowledge of Eastern affairs and sound views as to part England should play therein. The Liberal press regrets the appointment because it considers Mr. Curzon someâ€" TORONTO what of a jingo and makes no doubt that he will support the Forward Policy and place himself too much in the hands of the military party at Simla, whose influence was responâ€" sible for the retention of Chitral and the revolt of the frontier tribes last No doubt the appointment is largely experimental. _ Mr. Curzon has made a formidable Under Secretary for Forâ€" drained either eign Affairs and learns the arts of allyâ€"in fact t answering convenient questions with as the drains tl.xe proper mixture of vagueness and ound our dw disdain. He bas travelled widely and drainage is no endeavored to see and think for himâ€" noxious and p< self, and, as every one knows, has set tainly be gen« do\;'n1 his conclusions on China, Kores: with very ser and Persia in two or three healthy unâ€" ic original books. That, so far as we suits. fl‘ypbonc have followed it, is the sum of his carâ€" follow in the : eer. He has never shown himself a| and in most < constructive statesman, and people| a serious loss, generally do not think of him as &\ state of igno strong man. They may, of course, be | p rs, 100 mistaken. â€" Mr. Curzon may turn out armmels to be another Cromwell or Clive the cesspools, and moment he reaches Calcutta. . Not| to do so. An« much was known of Lord Mayo‘s capaâ€"| to drainage city to govern India when he set sail stables. Suff from England, yet Lord Mayo‘s adâ€" ministration was undoubtedly sucâ€"| COUTS®, very cessful. _ Mr. Curzon is at least as| mind, that su lkely to prove the possession of unexâ€" of disease get pected gifts which the world so far|to health. L has had no chance of discerning in well lighted, him. â€" For the sake of Mr. Curzon, who must be take is leaving behind him the certainty of| tle are not a brilliant political _ advancement at between the home, and for the sake of the great If exposed : dependency which is puainf through | slight, they a grievous crisis, we certainly hoponio colds or rhet un t en Heiibee SUBSOILING Comparatively little is now written about the benefits of deep plowing, & practice which forty or fifty years ago nearly all agricultural papersb and writers strongly favored. People have ‘earned that in all soil, the very richâ€" est portion is at or near the surface, and that to plow it under very deeply is to make an inferior seed bed for the future starting of the plant. Deep soil is still considered valuable, but it must be deepened gradually bYy successive plowing of an inch or so every time the field is plowed anew, and by the growing of clover, whose roots will penetrate the subsoil and increase its available fertility. The greatest help to clover roots is found in the practice | of deep stirring of the subsoil, yet without raising it to the suriace &8 wanld be done in ordinary plowing. it needs a deeper spring plowing than would otherwise be required. _ Seven, eight and even nine inches depth may be not too much on land that has heen prepared for it, and fertility extended to this depth. In no such case should the spring plowing go below the depth that the land has usually heen plowed | befora. But if the plowing has been done the fall before, and it‘ the soil ways the best. When the soil has been deepened by subsoiling and by the libâ€" eral use of clover roots as as.ubsoiler, us 44c e ... . MB . t c.idh Adtidso ie / on done the fall before, and if the soil is well enough underdrained so that water at no time stands on or near the surface, the seed bed in spring may be as favorable to germination as it naturally would be with shallower plowing in spring. The point we wish to make is this, that deep or shallow plowing must very largely depend on cireumstances, The land that has been prepared for deep plowing either by subsoiling or more gradually by clovâ€" er, may with good results. be plowed as deeply as anybody may choose. But with all land not thus prepared, deep plowing is as likely to prove disastrous ag it ever was. HYGIENE IN TIHF HORSE BARN t If exposed to such drafts, however slight, they are very apt to develop colds or rheumatism which it is hard and sometimes impossible, to remedy. Vs. DEEP PLOWING Allow plenty of fresh air, Duat 97""" all drafts, and, prevention is vastly better than cure, a little foretbought applied in trese matters will save & world of trouble afterward. Waterâ€" ing the borse is far more important than most farmers suppose, in fact, its importance is very imperfectly underâ€" stood and many horses die annually from indigestion and kidney troubles induced by the supply of water being impure or given too freely Of, what is most likely, given after instead of before feeding. It should be rememâ€" bered by every horse owner, that the cppacity of the horse‘s stomach is very limitedâ€"it will only contain three to four gallons. Many farmers will, aftâ€" er feeding, take their horses to the tank or pond and allow them all the water they want. What is the result? A good portion of the grain is necessarâ€" ily washed out of the stomach into the intestines, thereby causing indigestion or colic, and sometimes resulting in inflammation of the bowels for which there is really no remedy. To obviate | this we should invariably water our | horses before and not after fee:ling. uoOrIsos UULURIC URRNE MRNNM CCC F and if they come in from road or farm work in a heated condition, allow them ouly a limited qga‘ntitLy of \‘vater“?tz it, such water is very in jurious as CDC disease germs, which it contains in abundance are liable, like defective drainage, to produce typhoid disorders with the most disastrous results. The use of stagnant water should, thereâ€" fore, be scrupulously prohibited. THE STUDENT IN VALNIANMU. There is a big advantage that comes to the dairy farmer who forces himâ€" self to make a close, bard study of this dairy business in all points where it touches him, and they are many. How was it back in school days? Did the boy who was careless and indifferent who did not "tend to his books‘"‘ carry off the honors and win the prizes?t Does the lawyer who will not study the law win the cases and get the big fees in the upper courts? Does the political speaker, who bas not filled himself up with the facts and conclusions of his subject, convince audiences? It is strange that there are so many men keeping cows who do pot believe in the use of mind, thought and study, in this work of dairying. They place such a poor, cheap estimate on themselves on their cows, on the farm. They do | not believe there is any place for the ‘ use of intelligence in the business; noâ€" thing but mere hard work and slav-‘ ish drudgery. This is wrong. There must be, it is true, a certain amount of physical labor connected with dairyâ€" ing, but when compared with other farm work, it is more watchful and constant than severe. Like the merâ€" chant, the dairyman must attend closeâ€" ly to his business if he is successful. He must not neglect that little herd of motbers, if he expects them to bring him good profit, But that means that he must understand the cow make | a study of her, and al.l l_hult; bs,_lon:gs uP NOR m ce L ie en to hbher life. The way is full of pitâ€" falls, full of chances to make misâ€" takes; mistakes are costly, they knock out profits Hard work will not make up for a lack of know ledge The sucâ€" cessful dairyman must have a lot of sound cow knowledge. He must be willing to spend something for knowâ€" ledge. There are so many who had. rather spend ten bours in bard work than one bhour in close study and hard thinking. The men who are making the most money in the business are doâ€" ing this way: They put themselves in the way of knowledge; they do not turn their backs on it, they do not sneer at it and call it "book farming." They read all the experiences of others they can get, and then by study they learn to apply all that is worth anything to them. Verily, it pays a big profit on all it costs to be astudent in dairyâ€" sOWING WHEAT. I have been taught by experience that it is better to sow on: j the amount of ground to wheat that one can and do the work as it should : be done, writes Elias F. Brown. Too oftâ€" en do we farmers make a mistake when we think we can put out a large acreage of wheat and have it net us a nice profit the next year when marâ€" keting time comes. One acre has provâ€" ed to do us more good when properly \handled than two acres sown in . a thou_ghtless way without regard to previous crops. _ .. _ | _ _ _ Es NS Pnte Rem n tR 9 The previous crops will make or unâ€" make the coming wheat crop and it is important that we know what these crops are if we would be successful in growing wheat. Wheat gets nearâ€" ly all of its food direct from the goil and if the food in the soil is wanting Lv: already know what the result will Potato ground is by far the best of any soil for wheat that we have ever tested. It is just as good as a summer fallow and if the potato ground was clover sod I believe it would be betâ€" If manure is to be used it should be bauled just as soon after harvest as can be. The longer it is put off so much later will the plowing be done and in a dry fall like last season the difference between early and late plowâ€" ing was plainly noted by all observâ€" ing farmers. _ se We plow early and keep our ground in a perfect state of cultivation till time to sow. In adry year this holds the moisture and we never have any troublzs about our seed not coming, ENT IN DAIRYING thai MEnnee ue C C o more important pose, in fact, its perfectly underâ€" s die annually kidney troubles + of water being #raalv or. what uc avoid is vastly Stagnant , be used reach of We cal)! the lpnln;.â€"nuntlo. e1f Pos maste‘s and subsoribers to thefollowing sJ nopsis of the newspaperlaws : D Wl im Pivs aa ce dn w e -"â€"-- CHIIT F 1, If any person orders his peper discon tinued, he must pay all arreage®, or the publisher may continn® to send it until pay : mentis made, and collectthe whole ax. oun!t whether it be taken from the office or notl. There can be no lega) discontinuance until plvmonthmm. 2. Aay person who takes a paper trom the post office, whether directed to hit name or another, or whether bhe has subâ€" soribed or not is responsible for the pay. ‘ 8. If asubscriber orders his papet to b« atonned at a certain time, and the publiuhe(' Sash and Door Factory. 8. If asubscriber orders Dif pAP®® !" . stopped at a certain time, and the publishe( continues to send, the subscriberis boun‘ 4) pay for it if he takes it out of the pos‘ office. This proceeds upon be grount hat a man must pay for what he uses. Baving Completed our New Factory we are now prepared â€"â€" _ _2a~ AnmnANRDTT Y As O VIALR SE ECC C to FILL ALL ORDERS PROMPTLY. We keep in Stock a large quantity of Sash, Doors, Mouldings, Flooring and the differâ€" ent Kinds of Dressed Lumber for outside shecting. Our Stock of DRY LUMRE is very Large so that all orders ‘ can be filled. Lumber, Shingles TXE EVES OF THE WOR Aro Fixed Upon South Ameriâ€" can Nervine. Beyond Doubt the Greatest Medical Discovery s of the Age. wadN EVERT OfEER EELRR BA% TALE M MB Newspaper L&AWSs. I w > l‘ ® # c/ Â¥e", ‘ ‘. * N 7 I * F k C -‘k, ""/: , /:I 2# 4 € l -,.-; <a" n’.\'.~ Y ""l’u‘“\ In the matter of Y“a health temporâ€" Ising measures, while possibly successâ€" ful for the moment, can never be lastâ€" ing. Those in poor health soon know whether the remedy they are using is simply a passing incident in their exâ€" perience, bracing them up for the day, or loncthlnx that is getting at the seat of the disease and is surely and permanently restoring. _ P eeemenn eniet o S d C Ends t The eyes of the world are literally fred on South American Nervine. They are not viewing it as a nineâ€"Gays‘ wonâ€" der, but critical and experienced men have been studying this medicine for years, with the one reeultâ€"they have found that its claim of perfect curaâ€" tive qualities cannot be grinsaid. The great Jucovonrot this medicine was possessed of the knowledge that the seat of all disease is the nerve centres, situated at the base of the brain. In this belief he had the best scientists and medical men of the world cocupying exactly the same preâ€" mises. Indeed, the ordinary layâ€" man mni;od this prinoiple long ago. eryone knows that let disease or injury affeet this part of the human system and death is almost certain. Injure the spinal cord. which is the medium o‘ theso nerve cenâ€" tres, and parelysin is sure to follow Here is the Arit principle The trouâ€" Discovery, Based r, Based on Scientific Principles. that Renders Failure Impossible. health temporâ€" | ble with medical treatment urt» ssibly successâ€" |ally, and with nearly all medicines, is never be lastâ€" | that they aim simply to treat the organ iith soon know |that may be diseased. South American hey are using Nervine passes by the organs, and imâ€" lent in their exâ€" mediately applies its ourative powers wp for the day, |to the nerve centres. from which the getting at the organs of the body receive their suppl? I is surely and of nerve fuld. The nerve centres healed, and of necessity the organ 4 are literally | which has shown the outward evidence ; Nervine. They ‘only of derangement is healed. Indiâ€" nineâ€"Gays‘ wonâ€" ‘gestion, . nervousners, impoverished zperienced men blood, liver complaint, all owe their is medicine for crigin to a derangement of the nerve eultâ€"they have centres Thousands bear testimony f perfect curaâ€" that they have been cured of these e gainsaid. troubles, even when they have become f this medicine so desperate as to bafie the skill of owledge that the the most eminent physiclans, because e nerve centres, Bouth Amer.can Nervine has gone o ‘ the brain. In headquarters and cured there. : best scientists The eyes of the world have not been of the world dirappointed in the inquiry into the suc the same preâ€" cess of South American Nervine. Peoâ€" ordinary layâ€" ple marvel, it is true, at its wonderful this principle medical qualities, but they know beâ€" + knows that yond all question that it does everyâ€" ffeet this part of thing that is claimed for it . It stands 4 death is almost alone as the one great certain curing inal cord. which remedy of the nineteenth century. Why heso nerve cenâ€" #whould anyone suffer distress an® sick« sure to follow. ness while this remedy is praotically eAple The trouâ€" at their hands ? For sale By Mc Fariane & Co, In Stock. X_ G. &J. McKECHNIE Of the Best Quality Cheapor THAN EVEL. Firstâ€"GI@sS MOdlso. UNDEBTAKI)IG Promptly attended to. JAKE KREBS. JAKE KRESS Furniture and Lath always still to be found in his Jld Stand opposite the Durbham Bakery, â€"Glass Hearse. ie A delicious ade is made of of four on the juice and a cup of the & tablespoonful tumblerful of le glass with the: To make blll,‘w the peel of fo cup of water ; and boil the There should be syrup. Add t and â€" whatever through the fiqi the seeds caref cups of water t and beat the mil finally balf & ame amount ple chopped ze ade where it cate, deiicious flced to just th sessing a num like a superior drinks demar touch and d« the "lucent on." and the the The art lemonade youngd woOl OT sl 10 you should no worms, 1 pear, then . take a perfs the same si vour jpr»ant pots and dry plants are an If, however, does not dry, wet and stagn at once. Ex place them if slimu mou C pots : bones, and ©om1 round the roo! kinds of painw bouse plants. | er delicate sul sONn ture & chiling ni on the appri ing the amor them out on rule is to be ings; if the a Good soul, pr »d to the want is a further â€" L4 ful t harm thore the « is he enough must ply waste, bu sion and for Were these el stanily in mi many disastes ering. In du each plant ! give just an thoroughly; b Are quire ture in d so would probi the mos It is im and fast TD tion of insec tion. The la mode if the but is somey Perbaps it is is placed und cinders and & ed upon them interval of a suffice to cles When we ec it unt encouraged tb of the avmo rigorously k them off wit D t tingâ€"rooms frequent w plain, hard paims, arali be weil er, but fer cate plants allure, nolhi watlered w ©O0OL,) NC n In U Leaves bre; their pores, ed by impu therefore t It will ma cleanliness i the success( Insects of that in h ng $ Aba ; if the hun un emOonA d rder 1 ilthy . freque th of u t when Pu n 11 O# D 1 K€ Phe Ive n eal CARE n 1 1) JA n th )SSE U mUu i¢ pro wC «1 1 th n 1 10 n