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- - . WINNETKA WEEKLY TALK, FRIDAY, AUGUST 22, 1919 -- x eee WORLD'S GREATEST HIGHWAY BUILDING CAMPAIGN NOW ON The United States is in the midst of the greatest highway building campaign in the history of the world. The aggregate amount to be expend- ed this vear on the roads and lanes of the country would build and dup- licate another Panama canal. Ac- cording to figures collected Ly the B. F. Goodrich Rubbzr eompany, combined forces of the federal gov- ernment, states and counties will spend $375,000.000 in new construction and maintenance of the nation's net- work of highways. This is the first complete survey of 1919 good roads expenditures. . Roughly Goodrich officials estimate that the expenditure for highway im- provement is approximately $3.09 per capita; or, to emphasize this, each man, woman and child in the United States would contribute this much for the building and bettering of roads were taxatien on such a basis. Were the expense apportioned out on an average basis each state would pay $7,083,333. Quit Talking and Build The era of good roads talk has at last been succeeded by the era of good roads construction. Public sen- timent is solidly behind extensive highway building programs now, says one of the Goodrich highway corre- spordents, but the enthusiasm must not wane. The millions being spent will be spent in vain unless states undertake to repair roads as quickly as they build. While the amount available for ex- penditure this year seems staggering it will not be enough to make up for deferred war construction, for nor- mally the amount spert om roads in the United States is well above $2,- 500,000 and the war restriction brakes applied brought road building almost to a stop in many localities. Three great factors have been largely responsible for this year's amazing highway expenditures. First, the incentive for states to match fed- eral aid appropriations; second, the passage of enormous bond issues for good roads in many states; and third, the attention called to the urgent need of good roads by the war. Reports from state highway com- missioners to the Goodrich officials show some interesting individual fea- tures. _ Construction in Virginia during the next six years of 3,750 miles of high- way at a cost of more than $60,000,000 has bezn approved. In the New England states Con- necticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont and New Hampshire have been interested in closing up short gaps on their main highways, which are otherwise improved for the en- tire distance. The same condition has been true in New Yoyk, where numerous projects are being linked CENTENNIAL NOW OF JAMES WATTS DEATH By J. Seymour Currey One hundred years ago James Watt, mventer of the modern con- tHensimg steam engine, died in Eng- amd at the age of 83 years. Before his day the steam engine, .such as it was, consisted of an upright cylinder epem at the top under ome end of a "beams" Steam at a pressure scarcely greater than that of the atmosphere was admitted to the lower end of the cylinder. This allowed the piston to be forced up by the aid of a counter- weight at the other end of the beam. Steam from the boiler was then shut off and the steam in the cylinder was condensed by a dash of cold water; and the vacuum thus created drew the cylinder back agaim. This form of the steam 'engine was known as Newconren's engine and was used merely for pumping water from mines. Watt was engaged in making mathematical instruments for a college in Glasgow, and after making a study ef the Newcomen engine ke observed that a serious waste of steam power was caused by the slow movements of the emgine, which suf- fered the cylinder to become chilled between each stroke, followed by a pause long enough to enable it to recover sufficient heat to avoid the WASHING MACHINES SIMPLEX IRONERS VACUUM CLEANERS OHIO, HOOVER, SWEEPER VACUUM Demonstrations in sloxe every day ALL MAKES Washes 4 Boils and Sterilizes Easy Vacuum Washer with Gas Burner Easy Payments Phone for demanstration | up with an extensive network of roads which are already hard sur-| faced. One of the features of this year's work will be the completion of the Dixie highway, which will be done by the states co-operating with other and with the government. i For instance, in Illinois the high- way will be improved in many spots, of which is istance of one over a di 54.5 miles at a cost of $904,700 and the construction will be of concrete and bituminous macadam. At the same time Georgia will be working on the road from Atlanta through to Macon, a distance of 72 miles and a continuation: of the Dixie highway in that state. "In Tennessee and tucky projects are under way which each | Ken- | will further serve to improve this famous' old highway, which cuts through the central section of the] country frofm north to south. Iowa is entitled to. the palm for consistent road 'construction. This state, which has more 'automobiles per capita than any other state in| the union, spent in the neighborhood | of $15,000,000 during both 1917 and 1918, and is spending $20,498,534 this year. Texas leads the nation in highway expenditures this year with $60,480,- 000 available. Texas also led last year. Within her borders Texas has 126,000 miles of unimproved roads as against 22,000 miles of improved high- way. Grandmothers VindicaZed Our grandmothers used to hang a ~"red flannel petticoat over the window of a smallpox patiént's room, assert- ing that it hastened the cure, and also prevented "pitting." Scientists have now discovered that the red rays do actually exert a bad effect on the bacteria of the disease and a cor- respondingly good effect on the patient. The Violin Bow The shape of the present bow dates from the. end of the 'eighteenth century when F. Tourte changed it from the bow shape as its name in- dicates. It should be from 27 to 30 inches long and contain from 130 to 150 hairs which ar( drawn tight by the 'nut... The sated is generally -of ~FA DARBY ELECTRIC SHOP 1104-1106 Davis St Evauston, Illinoi Phone Evanston 2230 comdensatiom eof the steam when again admitted. Watt worked on the principle that the cylinder should be always as hot as the steam which entered it. The idea came to him that if the steam were condensed in a vessel distinct from the cylinder it could be kept hot all the time. Without delay Watt put his idea to the test and found that the separate condenser did act as he had anticipated. Other improve- ments were added, especially that of the fly-wheel which, however, had been patented by another, and stead he devised the "sun and planets wheel" Up to this time the engine had been single acting, often com- ing to a dead stop while in the course of one stroke, but now he contrived to use both ends of the cylinder working in succession. At length he devised an automatic control of the valves connecting the cylinder with the boiler, and thus insured a steady motion heretofore lacking in the en- gines of previous designs. So important were these improve- ments that the engines built by Watt in time displaced the older modzals and as he had now become wholly en- gaged in their manufacture he was regarded as the largest and best en- gine builder of his time. Before his time the steam engine was a slow working steam pump exclusively cumbrous and extremely wasteful ir fuel. His invention and improve- ments adapted it to driving machin- ery of all kinds, and paved the way fer later inventors to apply the prin- ciple of steam propulsion to vehicles and boats. A volume of absorbing interest may be readily obtained at the library, written by the late Andrew Carnegie, giving an account of the many in- ventions of this remarkable man whose centennial is being observed in many places all over the civilized world. THERE IS "0 FOOD sO GOOD, SO ECONOMICAL, AS SCHULZE'S | | | | BUTTER-NUT | BREAD | | | WHY BAKE CAKE | ! WHEN YCU CAN GET it in- | Less Sugar Cane This Year The United States has 509,000 acres {of sugar cane this year, as compared with 527,000, the revised estimate for last year, according to reports from fietd agents of the Bureau of Crop | of Agriculture. The 1919 acreage, however, is still well above the acre- age of 10 years ago. This acreage does not include sorghum or other seeded cane, but does include all varieties grown by planting stalks or joints. LLL 7777777777, J LEASH IIISI IAL 1620 MAPLE AVE. LL Fo dT 7d Fr a ed Za 7 Pr od dd ed a A rd id ddd dd dd ddd did i dar dds NORTH SHORE RUBBER CO. NOT INCORPORATED Auto Tires and Tubes Repaired : PHONE EVANSTON 2037 J. O. HAYES, Proprietor IIIA EVANSTON, ILL. THE ECONOMICAL CLEANSER es fie A. M. 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