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'r - 'e I.t E' THURSDAY, MAY 11TH-, 1939 THE CANADIAN STATESMAN, BOWMANVILLE, ONTARIO nterest To Rural Readers AâI Fudra %avermmnt Buya 50 Purebr.d Shorthorn Bulle Local Shorthoru Breedera Suppiy Three Trucki Loads <The Federal Departmnent of Ag- riculture has purchased 50 pure- bred Shorthorn bulls ta bc sent ta Western Canada and Northern Ontario. These sires will be ship- ped to selected districts ta i- prove the herds of those sections Where they are most needed. The bulls are not sold ta the commun- lty but are only loaned for a stat- ed time ta the farmers af that particular area. Jack Baker, Hampton, Fieldman for the Durham County Short- horn Association, cooperated with the Live Stock Branch Re- presentative in p ur ch aasin g three truck loads of Shorthorn bufls in this district which Mr. Baker had delivered ta Guelph l'air Grounds on Monday. Among the breeders from this district who sold buils were John Rick- ard, Beath Farms, W. A. Dryden and John Miller. Prices ranged from $150 ta $225 each. MWORDS BECOME PLOUGHSHARES Forged from gome of the swords of the veterans of the North and the South at the end of the North American civil war. the Peace PlouRh of America is a practical example of the fulfilment af the pro- phesies of Isaiah and Micah that the nations shall "beat their swards into ,LIXÈthshares." Since et first 'ief t tlle anvil. the Peace Plough bas been ini many cauntries. and now. after an abisence of 60 years, bas return- ed ta the United States ta be ex- hibited in the- League, ai Nations Pavilion at the New York World's Fair. The Plough was first shown in Europe in 1878 and eventually iound a restinR place in thç Ala- bama Hall in Geneva, named for the hall in which the quarrel between Great Britain and the United States over the Alabama ai fair was settled. Phono or dmop in,ad lt me .how you how Bray Chicke made rosi profite for poultrymoen lamtycar. Personal attention, prompt doiç. L.1 BYAM Tyrone, Ont. J. E. NICHOLSON Pontypool, Ont. Reforestation And Its Relation- To Conservation By Hon. 9. C. Drury, Formcr Prime Mlnlstcr of Ontario At thc request af G. M. Lin- ton,- Superintendent af thec Orono Reforestation Station, we arc publishing the addrcss af Hon. E. C. Drur>', former Prime Minuster af Ontario, on "Re- forestation and Its Relation ta Conservation." This a d d r e s s was delivered befare the On- tario Crop Improvement Assoc- iation at Toronto this spring and Mr. Lînton considered it one af the fineat talks on this important subject he bas ever heard. We are glad ta co-oper- ate with the Ontario Conserva- tion and Reforestation Associa- tion by publishing this article i the hope that Statesman readers will become mare consciaus and interested in this mavement.- Editor's Note. Conservation. the word and the iact, was a thing almost unthought ai in Canada a generation or so ago. The word used then was "inexhaust- ible" - inexhaustible resources ai timber. ai agrîcultural land, aifI ish- eries and mines, the seemingly limit- less riches af this zreat new contin- ent, which we, the incoming race, reached out so greedily to grasp, which were ours. it seemed, for the taking. We were, if the truth were told, exploiters more than we were developers. We exploited the abori- gifles - cheated them in trade. de- bauched them with bad whisky. in- ieted them with the white man's diseases, coaped them up f inally, the wards of a paternalistic state, on reservations. The Indian bas lost al, but aIl because of aur coming. We slaughtered the beaver in the woods. the buffalo upon the plains. We slashed. burned, destrayed our empire of wood, till naw. the end ai it is in sight. We exploîted aur virgin agricultural land, and then exploited the exploiters. It is a sad commentarv upon aur national in- telligence that the cildren of that generatian ai Pianeers who. in the iirst years ai the present cetury 50 courageously and independently brake the prairie sod, their vision the crea- tion of an agricultural empire. the granary ai the world. should now be ruined. bankrupt, unable ta exist, let alone recover, except by a state bonus, economically unsound qpon their product. The draught? Yes, the drought had its part, no doubt. But not ail. Agriculture in the East where there was no drought, is in almost as dire straits. The country- side.ý east and west alike. bas needs alnloýst innumerable. which because af poverty. cannat be satis lied. And in the cities there are hundreds ai thousands af unemplayed, subsisting upon the dole, their independence., their manhoad destroyed, whose labour shauld be in demand ta sat- isiy these very needs. A strange cammentary upan aur wisdom, or lack of it. We cannat, the fact is. violate any law. ecnomic or natural. without payingz the price for it. We have net yet, it appears. came 'ta any in- telligent consideration of aur econ- omic vices and follies. Perhaps we neyer shahl, until ruin. final and irretrievable. overtakes us. But we have came ta the consideration ai sanie ai aur sm5s against Nature, and belatedly ta ýbringing lorth fruits meet for repentance. This realîzatian oi vast errrs. and the determination ta set them right in order that aur country, this physical land in which and bv whîch we live, shaîl go down ta succeeding generations as desir- able. as able ta support lueé as it *was in the begzinning we define as canservaion. With one phase ai con- servation applied ta one section - that part ai Ontario south ai the Laurentian rocks. - 1 wish ta deal this aiternoon. One hundred years ago this area was almost solidly covered with mag- nificent lorests on which the clear- ings ai the lew settlers had made as yet but small inroads. In the south along the Lake Erie shore, there was black walnut. chestnut,- hickory. Further north, maple, beech. red and white oak, rock elm, white ash basswoad. grew in magz- nilicent perfection. In the swamps, soit elin, black ash. cedar, spruce, balsani. stood thick and straikht. On higher gravelly lands there were stands af hemlock. And scattered everywhere. but caveringz the occas- ional sand areas ta the exclusion ai other Rrowth, there was pine, red pine and white, wonderful specimens, *aristocrats ai the forest. It was inevitable and desirable that much ai this farest should be des- troyed. Il the country was to be settled. developed, agricultural land- the tumber -- the best ai it - as quickly and, cheaply as passible, leavinz behind a mass of debris and waste. whicb, without care, becamle fuel for successive lires until the thin farest covering af humus was des- troyed and with it the seedliuigs which shauld have reproduced the iorest and only a barren waste re- mained. The settler* who cleared worthless land was constructive. at least in intention. The lumberman was an exploiter, pure -and simple. The net result ai bis activities was some seasonal employment at the lowest Possible wages a few for- tunes. greater or smaller, and the deserts he leit behind him. There' are many such areas throughout Old Ontario. and in the aggregate their acreage is stupendous. These two factors. the unwise* clearing aif ]and which had no per- manent agricultural value, and the operatians ai the heedless or piratical lumberman have brought about a degree ai deforestation, which, in a country of glacial origin such, as Old Ontario, is undersirable for many reasans. It is agreed that in such an area the minimum amount ai waadland should be at least 15 Per cent, and better up ta 30 per cent. A recent survey ai King township showed 4.9 Per cent ai that area un- der iarest. King township is not an exception. There are, many anid larger agricultural areas in Old On- tario where the forested land is less than.5 per cent, On the other hand, an estimate made by the Ontario Forestry Department indîcates that in Old Ontario south ai the Lau- rentian rocks there are sanie 8500 square miles ai land unfitted for Profitable agriculture. the best use aif which is found in forest pro- ond-growth" tumber was valueless. not recagnizing the fact that the virzin tumber that was valuable was flot the second, but prabably the thousandth grawth. Naw it seenis probable that the cause ai reforest- ation will suifer because ai the fan- tastic cdaims ai profits made by sornie ai its friends. A few days ago I read an editorial i a city daily paper which quoted a country weekly (which shauld have known better) whîch told ai some town in Massachusetts. (why Mass- achusetts ? I wondered. when we have reforestation far more exten- sive right here) which had planted 100 acres ai iorest. and expected in the future to pay al its taxes irain this source. I am' in a position, I think. ta state with autharity that this Massachusetts town will either bc a very small town indeed, or will nee(l ta manage its aifairs with mare than proverbial New EnRland fru- gality if this is ta be true. We can. however, arrive at an in- telligent idea ai the profits ta be expected firom reforestation. Our oldest plantations. in Norfolk, are thirtv vears ai age, and we know somnethinz ai the rate ai growth and ultimate vield per acre. Careful calculations indicate that under On- tario conditions and planted on land acquired at not mare than $5.00 per acre. reforestation will yield a profit at 60 vears when the crap is har- vested. ai $100.00 per acre, alter talc- ing care ai aIl charges for initial investment. interest and administra- tion. with a reasonable allowance for lire hazard. This is at present prices ai timber. If prices increase, as it seems probable they will the profit of course will be greater. This is pot the iantastic profit ai the Mass- Reforestation affords a practical way of protectlng andIlncreaslng the water supply in reservolr propertles. was needed, and the only way ta get it was ta destray the iorest. The trees were cut, lagged up, burned, f or there was no market for the timber. Sometimes the ashes were painstakdigly gathered, leached in sections ai hallaw basswaod logs, the lye boiled down, iused red hot in great iran kettles and sold as crude potash, fo r which there was a market. The only reminder ai this trade is the occasional potash kettle found on a iew f arms. The story ai the clearing ai the country is an epic in itself a story ai heroic work heroical ly perfortn- ed. AIl honour ta the pioneers who periormed it - the real Fathers ai Canada. Unfortunately, but understandably, the work ai clearingz the land was carried too f ar. There was no guidance ai any sort, and many ai the settlers were novices in agricul- ture and did not know the dii fer- ence between goad land and bad. Besides. who cared? The forest was an enemy ta be gat rid ai as quickly and as completely as possible. Sa, with infinite labour much land was cleared. that, because of its nature, had na permanent agricultural value, and, once its store ai virgin fertilit>' was used un, rapidly deteriorated inta the marginal and submarginal class. unprofitable alike for cultiva- tion or grazing. Later, when railways had opened up the country and tumber land ac- quired value. the lumbernian carnle. operating an those areas. mostl>' sand plains covered with pine, which were to obviously poar ta attract even the niant uninformed ai settlers. 1 hope I amn nt uncharitable, but I coniess I find it dii ficult ta under- stand, let alane apalogize for, the Canadian. ar for that matter the North American lumberman. He know the value ai tumber - it was bis businss. Ho knew toa, ar should have known, thgt timber grew, Nevertheless. witb iew exceptions, ho showed absolutely no concern for the perpetuation of the source ironi wbich bis wealth was derived. His ane obeict seemed ta be ta get out duction. Bv far the larger proportion ai this land is not in forest. It consists ai sub-niarginal fanms, pro- iitless Pasture land, pine barrens. The replanting ai thii waste land, at present alniost valueless, would in mast areas be ample ta restare de- sirable conditions. No one advocates the reforestation ai land that is valuable for agriculture or jzrazing. Except in very rare instances, and £ior specific purpases t will be enougzh ta replant the waste areas. What are the amis and abjects of reforestation ? What is ta bc gain- ed by it? Fiîrst,ai course. because n'ost obvious, there is the matter ai tin'- ber production. Tumber - woud -! has alwavs been ai use ta niankind, and there is no reasan ta believe that t will ever cease ta be of use. True, substitutes may be iound for its priniarv uses as fuel and.building material. though even in this field it would seemn that waod wauld con - tinue ta be in demand, if for no otlier reason than cheapness and handiness. But even il its use in these way s sbould decrease. the deniand for wood would still continue and ex- pand. Modern science and invention bas discovered and developed nianv uses for waod, and for cellulosç. of which wood is the most convenient source, ai which aur fathers neyer droamied. With the available wood supp)ly of the warld ravidly dmin- ishingz, it seemis clear beyond per- adventure, that in the future that community which bas witbin its bor- dors an abundant supdly ai wood, will be in possession ai a most de- sirable source af wealth. Reforesta- tion is, in fact. a pramisingr invest- ment about as surely profitable as anytbingz can b. in this uncertain world. -1 Not as nrofitable as sanie ai the dlaims that are made for it, ai course. For yoars un this province, the cause ai reforestation suiiered because it was impossible -ta n'ake People believe that there could lie any prafit at al in planting trees for tumber; even that tumber cauld be grawn. It was believed that "sec- achusetts venture, but is enaugh ta iustiiy reforestation an a large scale, as a municipal investient. But the secondary benefits ai re- forestation arc greater than the pri- mary. the by-products more valuable than the p)roducts. What are these by-products? We may list theni as fallows in the order ai their imnpor- tance - water contraI, contrai ai blow sand areas. the improvement ai weather conditions. beauty. And, whereas the prin'ary product, timber, takes 60 vears ta produce. the by- praducts are iully available ten years aiter planting. Let us consider these separatey. First. water contraI. Water is a prime necessity af ifle. and the abil- ity ai any area ta iupport lfe satis-,. iactorily depends very largely upon the water sup)ply in that area. First. ai course. there must be satisiactory precipitation - the amaunt ai water iallingi ran' the sky in ramn, 5now, bail. must be suificient. But what happens ta the water aiter it falîs is af quite equal importance ta the amaunt that lalîs. Neyer - failing streams, springs, wells are most de- sirable. On the other hand. floods are calamities, ta be placed in the same categzory as famine, pestilence and war. Streanis. springzs. wells and f laods depend not only on precipit- ationl but equally, on the terrain an which precipitatian falîs. the texture and contours ai the land. and its covering. Four things may happen ta pre- cipitation. First, it niay dry up. This is a waste, ai course, but a camparatively harnibess waste. Sec- ond, t may be used by vegetable gzrowth, the most beneiicial aifal uses. Third. it may soak in. pen- etrating deep into the earth, and replenishing these subterranean re- servairs f rom which wells and springs are led. Fourth, it n'ay run aiff. This is the worst passible thing that inay happen ta t. Not only is it lost ta the area in which it falîs, but in its loss it causes untold damage. It erodes the eartb, carrying away the most fertile elenients, depositing (Contlnued on Page 10) STILL SETS TEE PACE Thos. Baker Ex-Reeve ai Darlington who is one af the best known and mast successful farmers in Uic town- ship, can stili set the pace when it cames ta doing a day's work. Although in his 84th year, we learn that last Saturda>' he put in a full day's work riding the cul- tivator and driving three horses. Who can beat this record? Niagara Peninsula Blossom Festival The opening ai the 1939 Niagara Peninsula Blossom Time will be ai- ficially celebrated on May 13. On that day the inaugural Blassam Tume Festival, as representative ai the whole ai the Penînsula, will take place at Grimsby Town which has been melected as the focal point for the iestivities. There will be a par- ade aif fbats, bands ai music, the choosing and crowning ai the Blas- som Queen. sangs by the Grimsby Bloi3som Tîme Festival Chorus ai 200 children. winding up with a stir- ring pageant entitled "The Romance ai the Niagara Peninsula," as the oustandinz feature. The date was careiully chosen ai- ter consultation with the ail icers ai the Vineland Experimental Station and the study ai their weather re- cords, and the central scene ai the evenjis will be the tree-surrounded campus af Grim'sbv High School, which nestles under the escarpment. Seating accommodation for 5,000 people will be pravided. The i bats takingz part in the par- ade wîll assemble a iew miles east ai Grinisbv Town and are timed ta arrive at the tamptu by three o'clock when the ceremany will take place af the chaasing and crowning ai the Blossoni Oueen froni the local Queens previously selected bv the variaus communities in the Peninsula. This part ai the prograni will be inters- periîed by selections irom the Grimis- by Blossom Tume Festival Chorus. The Hon. P. M. Dewan, Minister ai Agriculture for Ontario, will ver- iormn the ceremony ai crowning the Blossoni Oueen. and an interesting detail is that the crawn is made en- tirely ai befrnished copper. the work ai local craitsmaiishîp. The chosen Queen will receive a miniature re- plica ai the crown in silver which she will retain. The evening progran' will be ush- ered in bv a parade ai the floats, accompanied by bands of music. as the prelude ta the great feature ai the day - the spectacular "Romance ai the Niagzara Peninsula" which will he presented on a revolving (stage. The home lii e ai the early pioneers in the stormy davs when Canada was Young will be depicted during the period iran' the Declaration ai In- dependence ta the war afI 1812. The pageant. which has been written and Praduced bv youngz Grimsby ladies, will be concluded by the Blossoni Queen holding court, an international note ai goodwill being ieatured in a harnofa plenty ilanked by the f lags ai Canada and the United Stateis. Durham Caunty orchardists should get busy and organize an Apple Blossom Festival which -for beauty and grandure would outrival the Peach Blossom Festival ai the Nia- -gara Peninusla. It would aluo be the means ai publicizing the deliciaus appfle as the King ai Fruits. PERMIT CITY CON VENIENCES If yaur home is in the country or in a tawn or village nat served by a Community Water Supply System, a Dura Pump will supply running water under pressure toalal parts af yaur home, barns, dairy-build- ings, etc. Withaut running water your family cannot have bathraom facilities and other canveniences sa nec- essary ta their comfart, health and daily work. Dura Water Systems and Emco bathroom and kitchen equipment are made in designs and quality ta meet the needs of every type of home. Emco]Pjro ducts Are ]Reaaonably, Piriced ,T'he four pieces in the bathroom illustrated -Built-in Bath, Shower, Toilet and Lavatory- with ail Trimmings, ready for installation, cast .Jniy....................... ................................ (sa pim ,ires pipe -ami ttings extra) Other complote Bathroom Equipment as low as A Dura Special Pumping System compiete with 25 gal. Gaivanized Tank, 25 or 60 cycle mator with capacity of 250 gais. per hour, costs anly .. $132.0 $76.84 $87.00 Modernize your home NOW. Under the Government Home Impravement Loan Act, or Dura Finance Plan, tho cost ai doing sa can be spread aver a period nat exceeding three years. Full in- formation and froc bookiets on request. Bert Parker PLUMER Phone 2684 Duro-Spocial Con also b. supplied for Gasolin. Engjin. operation EMPIRE BRASS1 London Hamilton Winnipeg 450 Rural Girls For Conférence Womon's Institute Branch, Ont. Dept. ef Agriculturo, Sponsor- lng Pragrain at O.A.C. and Macdonald Institute, at Guelphi, May' 10, 11, 12 Some 450 rural girls averaging in age from 18 ta 20, iromn ail caunties west ai Prince Edward and Peterboro and north ta Mus- koka and Parry Sound, wiil at- tend the 14th annual girls' conter- ence at Uic O.A.C. and Macdonald Institute, Guelph, Ma>' 10, il and 12. Such is Uic fame and popular- it>' af this conierence sponsorcd b>' Uic Women's Institute Branch, Ont. Dept. ai Agriculture, that ap- plications were rcccived from 710 girls, but accommodation is un- fortunatel>' Iirited so that oni>' thc first 450 applications cauld be acccpted. The majorit>' af Uic girls are being sent b>' Uic senior womcn's institutes and Uic United Farm Women ai Ontario, while others are scholarship winners in girls' hamemaking club wark. It wiil be thc first trip ta Macdonald Insti- tute for most af the girls, and a wcll-Prcparcd and balanced pro- gram has been arrangcd b>' Miss Mary A. Clarke, Superintendent, Bowmanvi]le MFG. CO., LTD. Toronto Sudbury Vancouver 239 *Women's Institute Branch, and Miss Florence P. Eadie. Highlights af this program ini- clude a cross section af Home- making club wark by thc girls themscîves; a clothing demonstra- tion "What Sfiall My Wardrobe Be?"; physical education revicw, "What We Eat, We Are"; "A Com- cd>' af Errors ini Eating", aIl by Macdonald Institute students; "The Faniily's Health"l by Dr. Helen MacMurchy, C.B.E.; "Read- 1ing for Uic Family" b>' Miss Ethet M. Chapman; banquet addrcss byr W. R. Rcck, Deput>' Minister of Agriculture for Ontario; illustrat- cd lecture on Farin Home Beauti- 1fication by Prof. A. H. Tomlinson, 1and an addrcss "Fears and Faib- .les" by Dr. G. E. Reaman, To- tranto. There will also be several -round table conferences led by Uic staffs af Macdonald and Women's Institutes. It promises ta be a wondeirful thrce days for the girls. 'Auctioneer Lleenscd Auctloncer ELMER WILBUIR Hanmpton, Ont. Speclaflzlng ln Farin, Livestocli, Iniplementa and Furnituro Sales TERMS MODEJIATE Phono for Ternis and Date te: Bewmanvilbo 2428. PAGE NINE Warning Notice Re Corn Borer Ail corn growers, whether on fthc tarin or cisc- where, are hereby notiied that ail eorn stubble or other corn remnants, no matter whero tbey be, inust cîther bc ploughed under compicteiy or ese gathered and buvned before May' 2th, and that fallure te do se beaves thec offender- Hable te pro- senution, or havihita pay thec cost of sendlng men te do the work. 18-2 J. N. McGiIl, Inspector. n? low o'St Viii AN CALL or Sm*# forà,4 <opa' of ourfoider t"M@derniza- tion Loans for Hors.O uwers". BANK 0P MONTREAL Fatabuald 11 "a bon* vAur. s,41 accourg ai m kre ; 1 ýl