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-ouï y THE CANADIAN STAiiMAN, BOWM&NVILLE, ONqTAPMO D!e %àmzbian hittun Etablished 1854 AN IINDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER Wlth whleb are Incorporatcd The Bowmanvillc News, The Newcastle Independent, and The Orono Ncws. U5 yeaWs contlnuous service t thie Town of Dowmanville aud Durham County. Mmber of the Audit Bureau or Crcuations SUBSCRIPTON RATES $S.99 a yea, etrtctly iu advance. $2.59 a ye&r lu the United 815108. GEO. W. JAMES, Editer. THUESDAY, APEIL 3. 1941 The Functions of the Press This is anc of a series o! editorials speciail3T designed ta acquaint Statesman readers with the variaus functions af the pressi a dema- cratic comniity EDITORIAL NO. 1 Commeucing next week it is aur intention -~- ta feature an editorial eacli week for a per- iod.of ulue wceks, outlining the functions 4- of the wcekly press in a democratic coin- munity and its reiationship ta the varlous phases of commumity if e. There le -cousider- able ignorance as ta the position aud right of!-the press lu the ares it serves. Th.is lack of knowlcdgc la almost etirely the f suit af the press itsecf, because it has neglected the important duty of niaking its readers con- versant with the fundamental principles invoivcd lu the publication of a community uewspaper. This series seeks ta inform, resd- crs of The Statesman, sud ta present in simple lauguage an explamatioin of the main relatiauships betweeu the ncwspaper, its readers, its community, sud its associations wçith organizations, business groups sud lu- stitutionis wlthin the realm it sceke ta, serve. The nlue phases ta be discusscd are, The Freedosu of the Press, The Pressansd <ov- eruments, The Press sud Churches, The Press, and the Advcrtiser, The Press and Propaganda, 'The Functions of au Editor, The Functions of s Reporter, The Pres sud Local History, snd The Guarsntec of Frce- dom. We sinccrely hope that aur readers will carefuily study snd digest the series, because we behieve that it wiil give them a -cwand better understandiz'g of their local uewspapcr, sud the historicai purposeof its mission lu the community. Sordjd -Caesar As we go ta press' maybe we cannot do - ->. better than extend ta acur readers what the powerful ncws-gathering agencies are seud- lug across the seas: "The Saw-dust Ocasar le donc for!" "Italiain Empire Crumbles " r "Duce rcady ta duck!" Those are sanie o! the headliles that came via air sud cables. It ail sems, bappily, truc that the Italians are doue for lu this war. And this may take us bsck ta the days when tlie Duce waa set ta paune an illiter- ste Ethiopians. Eden proposed sanctions; a heif-hearted attenipt was made ta stop the î z Wop. It was foreigu poiicy lu whch Can- ada had no ssy. And what happeuied? The* blusterlug sabre-rattier shouted: " Sauc- tions mean wr-I reserve the riglit. of frec- dom of action"-and M6 forth. The bieague o! Nations quit cald and there was the beginning of ail thisniisery today. Mussolini, standing alane, chalieng- ed the world sud got away with it. Hitler, encauraged by thiose "ssndbag" tacties, ap- plied the sainie pressure sud got away with niuch marc. Timorous, fearful, shivering surrender ta s -blustering braggart !-uow we are about ta sec the shawdown; the mnfsotraw who ~< bluffed everyonc but Eden sud Churchill, ia at the eud of the road. But the Hun le a differeut proposition. Froni time ta tume, consider fareigu policy. It will be a live issue lu 1947, maybe soaner. Juet An Old Skinfllnt Once!fthe. voluntary canvassers cailiug upon citizeus lu this tawu for contributions toward the Canadisu War Services Fund, Smet this rfaponse fromn a weil-to-do praperty S owner: "'Let lem look after tiiemscives; I didn't aïk 'em te eeliit, 'and I alu't a gain' ta pay a dune. The Guv'mt le taxin ' me the inuit right smew. --. Qood day - sud do't cal back!1 1~Y That ended the matter for the moment at least. This eeema te bc a case for a cal- back-and -ail similar cases should be ex- -amiued ta brlug eut the. Quisling reserva- - -tions lu the rinds of people ofthttype. that usmes' o! ail who refuse ta uberibe to such worthy causes lu this great criais, * ought ta be listed lu the press. Public senti- ~ - ment nia daubt would provide a corrective as they do onu Hsllow 'ecu. It was polutedl out that f ive soldiers had enlistcd with.lu a few doors of this Pool Fàrm Implements We brought up the question of pooling inan-powver and implements some, months ago but no one seems ta have stirred in the matter - even the implement agents are hanging back. Now we observe a headline article of March 28, in a ity paper: "Farm- ers are urged ta adopt cooperative system ta meet emergency, "-and it goes on ta advocate pooling man-power and buying power machinery in face of the farm labor shortage. A city man advocated the above wheu he addressed a meetin~ of farmers in an ad- jacent Oounty, which simply goes ta show that he gat around ta reading The States- mnu during the winter mouthsansd s now doing missionary work in promoting what we thought at the tiine was a good ides. Not many days froin now we shail hear the roar and clatter of tractors, niglit and day, preparing land for seeding ou a rentai basis. It is a hit-and-miss arrangement and many must be disappointed when the dead- line for planting approaches. The scheme of selling surplus antiquated imlilements for what tliey will bripg aud investing in a few units that can be financed and used ca- operatively among four or five farmers is the better plan. A meeting or two and a little adv'ertising by implement comanafies would at least get people thinking and estimating. By 1947- which many claim wrn end the war, we should have a new set-up in this district in practical farming. Stili Crying Below are some extracts.froin the Anti- British Chicago Tribune which many Can- adians dlaim should b'e banned from entering the Dominion: It would not have been at ail unreasonable or unfriendly to have expected the British Governm.ent ta, buy from British subjects whatever real estate ie needed for the bases and to give it to us in exchange for the ships. In ail probability the ships, old as they are, are warth a great deal more than the land in any reckoning.1 Mr. Hul 's statement indicates that the procedure is ta be of a very different sort. The British wrn sect as aur agents lu the purchase, but we are to reimburse them for the outlay. If the psyment is to be charged against Britalu 's war debt to ne Mr. Hul doesn't say sa. The subservient *behavior of aur diplomats in their relations with the British foreign office is likenothing else in the world unless it is the behaviar of a freslfluan in a girl 's college with a crush on a divinity lu the senior cases. Weé fawun and flutter and curry favor with gifts. Our couduct le lacking in dignity and self-respect. Long before this war began we had every right ta demaud not only bases on the is- 1~id, I.f ~èi~azd~themàèl'és, in ex- change for the unpaid debts. We did not demsnd and, the attitude of our state de- partinent being what it was and is, of course the Briti9h did not offer the islsnds ta us. We do not start the wars and after al these years of adulation it is not surprising that we are expected ta finish them and pay for them. There are over 300 publications on the "banned " liste at present. The censors have a headache trying ta decide on ane more. Somne Cail It A Bonus Fariner members at Ottawa are having a field day over this question of r e d u c i n g wheat acreage in Western Canada. The East insiste upon calling it a bonus. The West prefers ta terin it "a compensating payment " to farmers for two things:- (1) for not piing up a greater surplus of wheat. (2) for preparing land that when needed later on, will produce in abundance. Decision should be made upon the basis of the long view. And the long view means visualiziug vlctory in this wsr for the demo- cracies. Every bushel now on hand could be sold overniglt-to eager buyers, but in the wrong markets. There 's vast potential bar- gaining power ini this stared wheat and land prepared, naw against the time ta apply that power is mightýy insurance for this pre- sent supply. Reading Hansard will convince anyane of limited intelligence, such as wc dlaim ta possess, that- there- is tao much lassitude or There is a huge surplus of wheat ln Can- ada but no0 surpluses of cheese, butter, beef, or park. DAiry production can be increased substantially withaut over-supplying avail- able markets. The dairy cow seems ta be the, best bet at the present time. It may be an- tiipted that the demand for dairy producta w2Il peras and even increase as long as the~ war continues. As lUSee Ut e Br CazIt. Elmore Pidipoit ITRS BALKCAN BU«9AR it la tirst, last sud anl the Uie, an army deslgned ta attack. My guese The revoit of thc tierci 4nd is that this great German army freedam-ioving people etf eria, wiil prove anything'but uubeat- foilowed by thec palace revolutlion able wlien Uic Unies cames for It staged by thc bay king, br In-1nta retreat, nat attack. ta plain siglit Hler's crnîc Iu my judrment tankss corps uiglitmare. n uddie rs wiil be useles A large scale two-frout wW is or neariy uselesa in rearguard not only a possiblityfor Uic Gcr- actions, lu other worda I hilnk mans. It is well-uigh a certalnty, the cxisting Gernian army la pre- if not now, tIen nat niany nonths cisely Uic camne as Uic wliole Nazi hence. systeni in Germiany. It cau ouly From the very beginning ot hie survive ase long as it attacka, as x-arcli towards world power'Hit- long as, it la dynamie. Thc mo- 1er lias worked accardiug ta a ment it begins ta retreat it tinds master-strategy plan. There e noa itseof betrayed by its own naturc. secret about it, for lie himesel! Beset by an ever-increasiug nuni- wrate it down plilnly i a book ber o! puraucre, it la like an en- as carly as 1923. Thc plan( was circlcd leopard, attackcd frain al this: That under no circumstances ides at once by liaunde. muet Germauy ever again at- tcmpt ta figlit a two-frout war. JUGO..SLAV POSSIBILiTIES The two-frant war la just There la no immediate justifies- around the corner. And warst of to o suigta uoSai ahi for Hitler. Unleslie speedily tian fo aum ntUiatho-Sai liquidates this twa-front w ar he awilvotriay end tr U ticsr de! enhmslnt ondhisl fram t nething ~for Uie people sud Uic defed hisel notonl fron anc o! te Balkan atate ta refuse Jugo-Siavia on lise riglit flank but to became lave-coga in Uie Nazi tram Uie Red Russisu arn nmcie I sqieante hn lis le!t. He faces double 4t mchneII lbuie e tlerUin in thc Balkns. ~,teWeet then ta, make their lu pain ards liela b!w jpountr3r Uic major land battlefleld the devil and Uic deep sesi theo!Ucwra19. miitary .sensc. Hie army - no1 But assuming for Uic manient doubt Uic moat pawerful yet cre- that Hitler forces thein, ta figlifror atcd by mian - may tbe able, tasanie ather factor induces tUim dissipate Uic daugerous situation. ta, wliat arc Uic posaibilities? It la stil passible that Uic Nazi Provlded Uiat Uic Juga-Slav arrniy armica may bc able ta do by eleer cauld maintain itself an a sub- force what Hitler tried ta do by stantial part a! its national soil in intimidation sud guile. Uic face o! attacks Uiat would It la aiea possible that lic should. certainly be laundlied againit it, be unable to do this - indccd un- opportunities ta strike back at-Uic willing ta try ta do sa. Il so, this Axis are literaily trcmcndous. war may well be cndcd monthe or A;l o! Gcrmany's meet imiport- even years carier than came o! sut rail and water communica- us -thauglit Pkelir. ions wltli Rumanilan Bulgarla ÉU LI -5UUL nULL5iUa .1 U5U- NOOSE TIGHTENS Without vcnturing enta Uic quicksands o! propliccy, il le al- ready apparent Uiat thc upset -o! Hitler's plans by Juga-Slavia may prove a great turning point in Uic wholc war. Our general stratey la thc ex- act opposite a! Uic Nazi plan - whîdh la based au overwlielming land farces whicli stler and ovcrwhelm their enemies, Uic soaner Uic better, sud prcfcrably by Blitzkriegs if possiblc.- Hitler's variation e! Uic above la thatlie1 conquered moat of lis victims not by thc use a! force, but by Uic mere thrcat o! its use. Our stratcgy la already yiclding armzmng reaults in Africa, wliere mmreremnants o! Uic Italisu armica arc cuil perating as I write. Completion o! Uic liberation of Africa will release large sud ex- pericnced British armies for ser- vice on Uic clasing circle againel Hitlecr - If - sud this i s le lie -big if - if we are able ta main- tain aur mlitary foothaldseon Uic mainland a! continental Europe, as at Salanika. SAL0OKA LESSONS Il la- ridieulous to suggcst that this war lasa different tram the anc o! 1914-18 that l la seuscleas ta compare developinte. That la nat truc. Thc basic realithes have uaotdliangcd. AUl throttgh thc last war Britisli policy was whidli kept su allied srmy based at Salaniha. Thc Germans callod it "the Britishli nternment camp , e But Uic time came when Gcrnign ami-es began ta be pushed back towad -home. And when it did, the sbilhty a! Uic alles ta lit thisir retreating foc, not once nor twlce but by successive blows ail ara;d thc luge circie - that was a miglty factor iu cempleting Ger- msuy's military defea ti s mat- ter o! weeks.t Evcry time wc arc able ta e- tablieli sud maintain a military force an Uic mainland o! contin- ental Europe we brlng the *ar that mudli nearer Uic cnd. Ih may b. that for menthe these garrj- sans may be able le do littho more than kcep theniseives tram belng pudlied back inta Uic ses. At tl. moment that lsa alUiat tley have ta do. And if Uiey eau do that, the time wll came wlien thc ceÙ- tres tley hld wlll become j u1p- ing-off places for Uic deail Uirusts againet Gemman armies of sggresslou. MONSTER TRAPPED We should neyer farget that the aniy difference belween Uhic Ge- in amy, sud suy ather, le *ha* Slavia. Gcrmany's'6ne rcnainlng source o! oli-othcr thasu froin Russia-would .ccrtainly be Inter- ruptcd sud mgt be cul off for ever. Our teck a! carryig the war ta Italy by ph, cea, sud even land would be enarnously facilitatcd. Thechalinces a! Russia's cntry into tle war against the Nazis would be mncreased by about three ta anc. Turkcy would almost certainly actively enter Uic war against Uic Nazis on Uic Bulgarian front. Thc Ureat ta Greece wauld be reduccd ta a minimum. Greece wouid probably be able ta con- plete Uic expulsion o! the Italiaus tram Aibania ln a malter o! wccks. BUT SUPPOSE- Howcvcr anc regards Uic Juge- Slav eetback ta Hitler, it cannot but be o! extreme value ta !rce- .dom's cause in this war. Suppose thc perrimists are riglit. Suppose lIat Hitler sent hie armies smash- ing ile Juga-Slavla frein al aides, sud was able ta avercome that country tcmporarîly as Uic Kaiser did lu the hast war. Sup- pore- ta put Uic bîsekest possible face on clianeca-that Hitler wcre even able ta pusl down ile Greece sud clise us eut o! Salent- ha as lic did eut o! Norway a ycar ago. Even so,.llie general world pic- turc Would bc bctter Uisu a f ew wceke back. Hitler wouid mtli be coapcd up in Uic nammoth i- ternicut camp o! contipental urp.He wouid be in no better ps tio ado harin ta aur ses power than lic wae bcfordliand. And lic would have beliind li, or beneath hlm, millions more people doig cvcrything ihi 11cm power la make trouble for hlm. There la all e difference i tle world bctwecn s nation forc- ed ta acccpt defeat by. sheer welglit o! military pressure, sud anc thal selle ouIta UicheIlircaten- ing bulhy by becoming sunscaom- plice o! Uic gangster. Thc worst that can lappcn as a resull og Juga-Slavla's refusai' ta bow the knce betore Iyranny is that another brave people shouild figlil sud lbecfor Uic lime being.. Thc best Iliat could liappen would be the creation o! another front whlch wouid bring menthe or years dloser HiIicr's cventual dean. Thc Biblè lathlelamncd man's nasterpicce, Uic Ignorant man's dlctlenary, Uic wlac man's dlrec- tory-Mary Baker Eddy. A recent number a! The States- man liad a complinientary refer- ence ta Fred R., Flcy's articles on «"Singera and 'Slir Sangs," fram Ida' Richards Todgliani a!Wind- sor, whoae name betrays lier Bow- niavilie origin. Mra. Todgliam's address was gl*>eu, and as the Londan Conference o! the United. Churcli, whlcli I expect ta attend, la ta meet thia .year at Windsor lu thc churcli wliclich eTodgi attend- I may have oppotnit for saine Bowm' Ille renisi- cences wlth theni.. That picture a! Cliarlie Cawker and lis bride-ta-be in last week's paper, with its reference ta his promotion as pilat instructor in the air force, ýgreatiy interested me. He dae nat know me, but I remember his father wdli, and hie grandfatlier Charles M. Cawker. The original Cliarlie Cawker was an honorcd mernber o! Uic higli scliaci truste board snd s par- canal fricud duriug my terni as higli schoal principal. I congratu- late tlie young couple and if Chiar- lie develops into as good a in as lis grand! ather was in his spliere he'Il do. 800 William St., Landau, Ont. 500 CAIILOADS 0F GRAIN Thc last 500 cars'o! feed grain arc cxpccled ta be delivcred into Ontario wlthln Uice, next week. Ijuron County farinera bougit, 125 cmr o!flts Western grain. -nierly, aIl oalesud banicy, -Mddlesex, Perthi sud Waterlooa cdh bouglit more than onceliundred car, Haitings took 25, Peterboro close ta 20, sud Durliam County was s0 disintercated or wdll suppiied with ils liome-grawu feed that it applied for anly anc car. Roy Nichols Observations Dy John Eliott, SB. The Statesman helpe us ta know the wliereabauts of people i wliom we are interested, and is a1 constant reminder of aid friends. I had lost track of Albert E. Allin, a briglit boy wlom I knew as a stuen Lh the Bowmanviile Hligli Scliaol twenty years ago, but lie iocatcd me thraugh The States- man, and 1 lately recelved a neat littie letter froi A.. E. AllUn, MM. of the Department o! Public Health, City Hall Fort William, Ont., accompanica by an auto- graplicd capy of lits echolarly lit- tic manual on The Vertebrate Fauna o! Darllngton, hits native township. An aid achoolmaster ia always pleased ta be remembered by anc of the boys. The Statesman iately an nouno- cd that Viola Sliortt, anothcr Dar- lington student, had issued a littie volume o! paerns, "Sangs froin the Silence", anid gave lier ad- dress. I obtained a capy o! the littie book, anid I canimend it. A 40 cent postal note wil secure a capy by mail fram J. W. Jewell, ýa Bowmanviile bookadiler.- If the reading gives the pleasure I re- ceivedifwillprave a satisfactory p àcia. My copyhas speclal value for it bears the inscription, "Wlth sincere greetings tram a former student, Viola Prcscatt Sliortt.pp At Uic present lime, Uic people o! Britain are, faced th endlesa aerial bombarduient,loag houri in air-raid shelters, lsck o! sleep, lowered vitality, sud conaequeiit susceptibllity ta discase epidem- ics. Aware o! the danger, Uic government rcccntly taok a very simple precaution. They ordered white flour ta be fortified with a chenilcal called thiamin. 1 Hardi y an epoch-making event, you ssyl Aaamattcr af fact, it was an event o! thc firat his- torical importance. For thc tiret lime, the govcrnment a! a great country recognized the ueccssîty of supplying vitamins as e ll as bulk food ta thc wlole popula- lion. Thisniin is anc of the vita- min - bcaring constituents -o! whole-wheat bread. It la not foinid lu white bread, yet lack o! it means ail thc difference be- tween vitality sud fatigu, be- twecn courage sud despair, be-' twecn figlit and fliglit. Thc addition o! thiamin lu crystahlue fan ta white bread was made possible only lu 1986, when R. R. Williams, a dhemiel in the Bell Telephone lsborato- ries, made thiamin out o! cah tar. Now, riboflavin sud nicotinic acid, two aller essential conslit- n -enta a! whole-wheat bread, csu aIea be madeienl crystale, As a result, white fleur wil l future bc 11eupercharged" with vitamime.. It will ual oiily cofitalu the chem- icals hitherto milled. out, but will rry an extra ratian ta he!p aha our unsuspected vitammu hun r. c ami wha made passible the addition a! thismnin ta white bread, Robert R. Williams, la di- rectar of chemical research in Bell Telephone Laboratories. Hie work on vitamine le a spare-time hob- by. As a chemist lu the United States goverument labératoriea lu the Philippine Islands juil before the Great War, he waê among those who revcaled that the drcaded oriental disease, beri- ber., is duc ta a lack of vitamine in palished rice. Unpalished rice, wth p art of thc original bran siicinging ta the grain and eaten ?il t doe coiitain vita- mins. whcn li e joiued Uic Bell Telephane Liabor-atories at Uic end of the last war, Mr. Williams con- tinued hie work on vitamine lu hià spare time. The extraction a! thiamin tram coal tar la ane cf a serles of succasaful experimenta' which he -has completed. It la scientis t fthix calibre who ire constantly engaged lu researchi for Uic impravement of your telephone service. No. 2 o>' ;%, us >,ejrd by H. G. Owen, Bel elhons Compa',y o>' C .. de. Courtice PAGE TWO 7z . PUTrING TUE VITAMINS RACK IN FLOUR Nestieton Sodier le HonoIIrSd By Prosulttofl A pleàsant time was spent at the home oi Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Hanna, Nestleton, on Friday eve- ning when friends. and neighbors gathered ta spend a social eveniflg with their son, Pte. Jack Hanfla, who Is home on furlough. Aiter a short program Jack was escort-* ed ta a seat of honor, a suitable speeh was made by Mr. Harry P ulp, and a presentation was made consisting of a beautiful wrist watch, a militarY case, a money belt and Testament. Jack replied very fittinglY in' his usual Yleasant mannfer. The comParY joined i singing "For he's a jolly The. March of Scene good fellow," atr whieh lunch was served. Jhe balance of the eveniflg was ln 'tIii ames and dancing. Pte. iBlfaJoied the Midland Regimnt at Bowman. ville where lie spnt severai months, belng recenl transfer- red tO Ottawa- Seeing that we have ta attain ta the ministrY Of righteosness ini afl things, we must flot over- look amal inslfl8 *igoodnesa or in badnels, for "trifles make per- fectian," and "the littie foxes.. ail the vines."- Mary Bak In gréat mattersi men s3o Lthernselves as theY Wlih to be , see ; in m a tters as t e rare --Garnalli Draafrdô te - UjHRSDA AP~4 3,1941