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PAGE FOUR Agriculture Carried on Dravely in Wartime Dritain Under Difficulties This is the 14th in a series ji of articles on conditions in ' Wartime Britain and parts of ti Europe, written for the week- i ly newspapers of Canada by a their, own represet at iv e, c Hugh Templin, of the Fergus a News-Record. ti No doubt many readers of Can- s, adian weekhy newspapers would t] like to know somethîng of agri- culture in \vatime Bitain, ande how the farmen fares. Travellingv with a group of editors of City t, papers, I had not as much oppor- tunity 'to study farming conditions as I would have liked, but I was able to pick up a good deal ofd information in trips outside Lon- - don.C The faraners in Bitain f iii just as important a place as the sol-a dier- or the munition workers.s One hears that said sometimes ofr Canadian farmers, but whilet there may ha some doubt in Can-c ada, there is none in England and Scotland. Before the xar, more than haîf the food consumed in Bitain was imported, either from Denmarkt and other European countries, orE from Canada and other places' across the oceans. Not only that,f but some of the fodder for ani- mals was imported and a large part of the chicken and hog feed. The people of Brtaîn must eat. Ail imports from Europe have been cut off, except occasional shipments of oranges from Spain and Portugal. All imported food1 mîust be brought from Canada or. farther away. That costs money and ives. Shipping space is pre- cious. It cannot be used for ani- mal foods or bulky articles such as packaged breakfast cereals. And every ton of extra food that can be produced in Britain is des- perately needed. Cost has become a secondary consideration. Farmers Told What To Raise A few months before the war actually started, a bonus of some $8.00 an acre was offered to f ar- mers for every acre of new and brought under cultivation. A Canadian, travelling in Eng- land for the first time, gets the idea that every acre of land is in use. There are no unsightly fence- corners. For that matter, there are few fences. Evidently wood and fencing matenials are scarce and sa hedges are used. Most fields are smaller than in this country and the farms ail look neat and tidy. But evidently, there was much waste land. not only on large estates but on small farms. Swamnpy pieces have been drained: meadows that were in grass for hundreds of years have been turned over by the plow and actually millions of acres of extra land are cultivated. What the farmer grows on his land in wartime is not left to his udgment. Every county has its Var Agnicultural Committee, and hese, in turn, appoint committees n ail districts. These committees ire not made up of politicians, but of working farmers, land owners and farm workers. The agricul- ural colleges have been closed, and professors and other experts serve as full-time advisers on these committees. Every farmer is interviewed every year or oftener. He is told what he must grow. The commit- tee may even go so far as to give himi a plan of his fields, telling him what to plant in each field. That sounds drastic, and is drastic. Actually. in practice, the svstem is largely voluntary, be- cause nearly ail farmers are will- ing and an-xious to co-operate as a patriatie duty. They pride them- selves that they still live in a de- -nocnatic country and because hieir own neighbors are on the committees, the plan works large- ly as a voluntary co-operation. But to an outsider it looks rather different. If a farmer will not co- operate, the committee has power to force him to do so. If he is entinely incompetent to produce more, hie may be taken from his f arm. A few rugged individuals have even gone to jail. Essential Foods Corne First If the British f armer does nol produce more, many people will go hungry and some may starve. Therefore, the committees con- centrate on the production of those foods which will go farthesl toward feeding as many as pos sible, and they try to cut out waste of ail kinds. Wheat and po- tato production seems to havE soared. Qats are largely grown and alfalfa seemed to me to bea favorite crop. The growing sea- son last year was excellent, witli a damp summer and a long, sunny autumn. The second crop o~f ha> and alfalfa was excellent. I saw strange objects in maný of the fields, which I took to b( stacks of hay or grain wounc around with what looked like ta] paper and netting. I learned tha they wene temporary silos. Emý nhasis is being put on ensilage a: the best method of producing thi most cattle feed. There are other makeshifts. process has been discovered fo making a pulpy feed out of strav on farms with sufficient wate supply. Straw or chaff is cut ur soaked in caust;c soda solutioi and then .vashed for a long tim in running water. It takes thi place of turnips. School childre: are paid ta gather acorns to fee ~the pigs. Quality of Farrn Stock Improve( Live stock is controlled by th committees as thonoughly as fie: cnops. For instance, an atteml has been made to weed out ir feriar cows, lessening the numbe THE CANADIAN STATESMAN, BOWMANVILLE, ONTARIO farm laborers are also set. When A I was in England in October, the r time was approaching when the w, minimum f arm wages would be r set for 1942. The hired men were pý asking for 60 shillings weekly, ,n and seemed likely to get about 55 e shillings, or about $13.00. e Farmers' sons, i f not entirely .n exempted from conscription, en- d joy the same standing as munition workers. Farm help is scarce, of course. During the harvest months ýd last faîl, many experienced far- he mers, now with the Canadian Id Army in England, were sent to ýpt farms near their camps to help n- out. They did a good job. One r, f armer reports that they were f ar while keeping up the milk sup- better than any hired help hei ply. Sheep are also considered could get in has own country, essential. Hogs have been redua- working far longer hours un- ed drastically in numbers. They grudgingly. used much imported feed. So did One of the Women's AuxiliaryL the chickens. Besides, it doesn't units in Britain is the Women's F take so long to build up their Land Army. It is not as popularJ numbers again. As a result, pork as some of the other branches ofb and eggs are very scarce. Ahl the service, possibly because theV owners of poultry flocks with khaki uniform does flot look asF more than 50 birds must seli their well as the Air Force or the Wo-a eggs to the Government. They men's Royal Naval Services. Their get a certain wheat ration in re- jobs may lack some of the gla-1 turo. Those with less than 50 mour, too. But there is no doubt1c hiens can dispose of the eggs as about their usefulness. 1 supposeD they like. Many town and village that in some cases they take thep families keep a few hiens, or even place of hired men, but those 1I a pig, feeding themn the scraps. Or saw seemed to be working inJ a pig may be kept by a "club," threshing gangs, going from farmn with several neighbors providing to farmn in groups. scraps and having a share in the There is some grouching and hog. complaining, of course. We heardI The number of tractors in use one poultry farmer say that hie in England surpnised me. Many was almost out of business, in1 of them were madie in Canada. I n spite of the scarcity of eggs. He a country where gasoline and fuel could not get enough feed for his oil are decidedly scarce, I did not rather large flock. And hie didn't expect to see 50 many tractors,1 think the d« ribution of eggs was but this was another evidence of well carnie out, some of themn the desperate need of food. -Pri-1 going bad. In other cases, the vate cars have almost disappear- county icommittees e v i d e n t 1 y ed from the road but tractors are guess wrong. As so often happens kept going long hours. with farma produce, an article that There is one handicap which is scarce one year will be over those farmers close to airponrts or grown the next. In the spring of along the main roads suffer, 1941, onions were seldom to be »which might not be thought of by had at any price. Last faîl, there rone who had flot seen their coun- were too many onions and a dan- stryside. These fields are full of ger that some would rot. traps for planes and sometimes etalswrpeniuad sfor tanks as well. These are ofteg etales wereouplentiafuln sseveral types, but all take they helped ilh out fmn amea space and it must take time and i rial iin esf ewons.r seue d, ilangand hresing growing vegetables in their pri- opseraigtin n hresigvate gardens or "allotments." operatons. .They had sacrificed many of their i Farmers observe the saine lowers, though nearly every gar- blackout regulations as people 'n den stili had roses, and the blooms ,ftowns and cities. I am not sure i etme n vni co Ethat this is compuîsory, but it ~in etmesn vni co the wise thing to do. There are ber mnust have cheered many manyinsancs i ealie mothsEnglish eyes, as they did those of where hostile pilots have seen aaCndinvsor eleam of light from a farmn and About the time I lef t England, *have dropped a bomb on the Prime Minister Churchill wrote a chance that it might be a factory. to a mass meeting of farmers and *There have also been some in- farmn workers: e L_ sacsweefreswre at- Neyer before have farmiers h tacked in daylight raids and their and farm workers carried such y~ stock machine-gunned from the a heavy responsibility as you y' air. do in this struggle. Neyer be- Farmers Are Given Protection fore have you responded tô the y country's caîl as you have done e In rnany ways, the British far- in the last two years. It is due dmer s probably better off than in no small measure to the ef- ir ever before. His hired man is an forts you have made, in spite *t the samne position. Prices of ail of many difficulties. that we - kinds of farm produce are set by find ourselves today in a better is the Governmrent high enough to position on the food front than . nnft ndVgp to ----.-- _- - Cadmus The ice is nearhy ail cleared off the lake and it is now a welcome sight to see the rippling, sparkling water once more. Our farmers have been busy having their wood cut by Beacock Brothers. Miss Doris Mountjoy has ac- cepted a position in Porteous' Store, North Nestieton. Visitors: Mr. and Mrs. C. R. Fallis, Jack and Joan, Toronto, at their cottage. . . Mr. and Mrs. Gardon Brown and Mrs. I. Whit- field, Toronto, at Mr. Russell Brown's and at their cottage... Miss Audrey McQuade, Bowman- ville, at home. . . . Mr. Milton Siemon, Li.oyd and Gordon, Hay- don, at Mrs. J. E. Elliott's. .. Miss Birdie Fallis, Oshawa, with her parents. . . Miss Inez Hickling is soending the holidays at Orillia, Coldwater and at her home at Allenwood. .. Miss Majorie Gal- braith, Spingville, at home.... Mn. and Mrs. George Fowler with Eaeir daughter Mrs. Ray Blair in Oshawa. Miss Helen Fowler, Newmarket, returned with them. war started. BlI Jol Burketon M Canada's War Effort at ______Easter Visitors: Mr. and Mrs. G. MI A Weekly Review of Develop- Avery, Little Britain, Mr. and an ments on the Home Front: Mns. C. Avery, Haydon, Miss R. March 26 - April 2, 1942 Eileen Rahm, Weston, Mr. and Jai ______Mrs. W. Cochrane, Jean and Har- Sh 1. Practically ahl the men who old, Bowmanvillea Mr. H. Os wihl comprise new 7th and 8thi Rahm's . .. Mn. anidaMrs. Frank- Army Divisions will be traineeslHarriston, Myrtie, Mr. and Mrs. fat called up under National Resour- L. Glennie, with Mr. T. Turick. .. sis ces Mobilization Act. Formation iMn. and Mrs. L. Shortridge and Ed of 7th and 8th divisions (mobilej Shirley, Oshawa, with Mrs. H. E. hiE reserves for coastal defence) will' House . .. Mn. and Mrs. R. Oke, soi not affect 1942.overseas program. Mn. E. Cochrane and f amulies. This calîs for formation ovarseas Oshawa, Mn. and Mrs. I. Cochrane ar' of a two-corps army. and f amily, Blackstock at Mr. E. scý 2. Basic training facilities in âdams' . . . Mrs. H. E. House, Canada ta be increased by .50 per Norma and Eddie with Mrs. H. cent, i.e., ta handle 15,000 instead Larmer ... Mn. and Mrs. G. Hud- of 10,000 trainees pen month. son, and Miss Walker, Peterboro, 3. Marnied men between 30 with Mr. N. Hudson . .. Mr. and and 35 ta be permitted ta enlist Mrs. A. Stnutt, Oshawa, with Mrs. in reserve army. M. Adams . .. Miss Bernica Bar- 4. Essential fanm workers, La- ber, Toronto, with Mrs. E. Caug- bour Minister Mitchell announces, hill . .. Mr. and Mrs. R. Wilson, may be granted indefinite post- Oshawa, with Mrs. A. Wilson.. ponement but nat exemption Mrs. G. Carter and Miss Ruby from miiitary service. F arnm Irwin, Peterbora, at Mr. J. Car- worker who receives a notice ta ter's . . . Mr. Roy Carter in Ta- report for miiitary service or ronto . . . Mr. J. Shortridge with medical examinatian must stili Mrs. J. Blight, Brooklin . . . Miss answer the notice. Man cailed Betty Moffatt and Mr. S. Moffatt, must communicate with divisional Oshawa, Miss MacQuaan, London registrar who sent out notice but and Mn. W. Coleman, Toronto, may apply for indefinite post- with Mrs. T. G. Breck . . . Mrs. ponement on ground his f arm J. Gili with her mother, Mrs. R. work is essential ta maintain pro- Richards, Bowrnanvilla . . . Mn. duction. and Mns. H. Gilwth fraends an 5. Governmant war risk in- Toronto . . . Miss Marie Thomp- surance bill intnoduced in Comn- son, Tyrane, Miss Ruby Baiiay mons. Free insurance for home- and Mr. Orland Bailay, Oshawa, owners up ta $3,000 with insur- with Mr. T. Bailey . ' . Mr. and ance an chattels ta a limited max- IMns. M. Gatcheli and family, imum. Bill futher authonizes1 Oshawa, wth Mr. J. Gatcheli. Ministen of Finance ta enter into Sympathy is extanded ta Mn. contracts for insurance on langer W. Hoskin in the death of his sis- praperties ta a limit of $50,000. tan, Mrs. Bragg, Bowmanviile. On these, pnemniums wiil be col- A number attended chunch on lectad. Sunday ta hear Rev. J. Plant give Total of 153,360 A.R.P. workers a splendid Easten sermon; cam- enrolled. munian was abservad. 6. Commans adjourns March W. A. hehd a quilting at Mrs. H. 27 tilh Apnil 20. House's. 7. Pacific War Cauncil estab- We are glad ta see Mrs. C. lished in Washingtan. Se v e n Sandersan home after spending countnies represented: Canada. the winter in Toronto. Australia, New Zealand, Bitain, United States, China, Nether- lands. 8. Importation fronm the Unit- Nestieton ed States of high speed steel, car- bon tool steel, or allay toal steel prohibited except under license Nestietan W. I. met Apnil lst. fronm the Steel Contraller and ap- Pragramt on Agriculture was in praved by the chairman of the charge of Mns. Cecil Wilson. Ral Wartime Industries C a n t r o 1 cali was answered with "a Can- Board. Action taken ta, give Con- adian baauty spot." Ladies de- traller an effective reguhation of cidad ta have a social evening imports of ahi such types af steel. and draw an the V quilt. Lunch 9. Gasoline rationing by cou- was sarved by Mrs. John Williams' pan went inta effei;t Apnil 1. group. Next meeting May 6th at 10. By agreement with manu- Mrs. Harry Philp's. facturers, praduction of ahl chain Vsitors: Mrs. Peter Wright with link fencing will be stapped April frîends in Toronto ... Mrs. R. C. 31i. No sales wihl be made by fab- Jackson, Oshawa, at Mn. Wilfned ricatars after May 31. Jackpon's . .. Mrs. George Johns, 11. Easter confections and no- Cedar Creek, at home . . . Mrs. velties covered by maximum pnice John Hooey with Mrs. Herman regulations. Samells . . . Mn. and Mrs. Dan t 12. Order in Council passed providing that ice cream and ice creamt mix shaîl not have a fat go.sRmIR lo -content in axcess o! 131/ per cent oesR a eiffor by weight. Purpose: ta conserve mihk fat 13. Value of Canada's eteral trade iii February, excluding gald, $294,434,021 in the previaus month. Gain over February 1941, F ER A K 14. Canadian imports in Feb-Homuhete ruary, excluding gohd, valued at I yow uch eel-wh $119,556,000, an increase a! almost IM OS ou fclar n eo $30,000,000 aven February 1941. F301trnsent conages- 15. Majo-Gheral M a u r i c e tion at bedtime wlth Va-trO-flh Pope appainted ta represent War Va-tro.-nol doeS 3 iMportant thlngS: Committea of the Cabinet at (1) sbrinks swoflen membranes; (2) Washington. Majar-General Pope soothes irritation; (3) helps flush na- will maintain contact betwean ual passages, clearing cloggiflg mucus, Ottawa and the U.K.-U.S. Chiefs reeving transent conigeston. It makes o! Staff Committea. breathing easier, invites leep. 16 Lt-Gen A. G L.lc- a cld threat- 16. t.-en. . G L. e- usVa-tro-nol Naughton, commander of Cana- used at flxst snaume i dian Corps overseas, arrives back or sneeze helpsVIk in Great Bitain. With him want prevesit colds de- thousands of Canadian troops. velopiaiS. VimwONO Union, Darlington Easter Visitors: Miss Jean Me- Laughlin with her sister, Mrs. Harold Wright, Oshawa. . . Miss Jean McLean at hier home in Ux- bridge. . . . Miss Aileen Rahm, Weston, at home. . . Miss Velma F'erguson and Mr. Keith. Ferguson at Mr. Walter Ferguson's. .. Miss Verna Griffin, Mr. and Mrs. Les-' lie Wotten, Evelyn and Ernest, Oshawa, at Mr. R. Griffin's.... Miss Margaret Osbornie, Mr. Art Moore, Pickering, at Mr. Frank Moore's. . . Mr. and Mrs. Cyril Avery and family, Maple Grove, Mr. and Mrs. Alymer Herring, Oshawa, at Mr. William Wotten's. . Miss Celia Griffin with Mr. Leslie Wotten's, Oshawa. Mr. and Mrs. Russel McLaugh- lin attended the 25th wedding an- niversary of Mr. and Mrs. Roy Taylor, Blackstock. Congratulations to Mr. and Mrs. Norman Stinson on their mar- niage. A crowd fromn this comn- munity joined in the charivari held for Mr. -and Mrs. Stinson Saturday evening. ack, Jean and Dora at Mn. L. is assjsting Mrs. C. H. Porteaus. the Bacon Board has announced. *blin's . . . Mrs. Susan Johns, r. and Mrs. Gea. Johns and Billy tMn. Percy Preston's, Liffard.. r. and Mrs. Harold Wheeler id family, Port Penny, at Mn. M. Hoskin's... Mrs. Robt. .cksan, Mn. and Mns. Henry îeffiehd, Robent and Chnistopher, )hawa, at Mn. Wilford Jacksan's ..Mn. and Mrs. Jack Adams and amily, Newtonville, with her ster, Mrs. Gea. Bowers . .. Mn. Ugar Emerson, Bunketon, with is parents . .. Mn. Merle Thomp- c, Oshawa, with his parents. Mn. Nelson Marlow and family xe quarantined as Gilbert has carlet fever. Miss Doris Mountjoy, Cadmus, In guarded laborat nlght and day, ch.m formulas for ever moi that wiII help to short.n indusrvnd Hnn vd.nro no i Fnasins fr st H.tan tend- lthoughathisBa arangoeen re nnd rNs Ro aylorns-wiîreuht inimned prrnicesmfor silven wedding celebration On B33 carcasses which are o! top Satunday evening.q ai y f o 1 6 1 5 p u d Mrs Ivn Pout wa caledtowarm dressed weight, there will Lindsay owing ta han mother, be no change with respect ta low- Mrs. Torance being sick. en grades o! C 3 and D 3 carcas- _________________ ses in the same weight range, or WANT HEAVIER HOGS in the "Heavy" on "Extraheavy" grades. Expont Wiltshire sides from 70 In announcing this change, the ta 75 pounds ina weight which'are Bacon Board points out that the pnocessed from Grade B3 carcas- encouragement now being given ses are naw purchased for expant ta the marketing of heaviar in the same higher price categary weights o! hogs and the shipping as lighter sides from 65 ta 70 of heavier Wiltshire sides ta Bni- pounds, an the understanding that tain is not ta be taken as an in- packers will adjust prices paid for dication of a permanent change in B 3 hogs correspondinghy upward, export bacon standards. 0 Hy d ro -El ectr ic tools of vlctory. In Ontario's chemical industry, energy, handmaiden f huge plants using over 150,000 Hydre hee progress n peacetime, powercare turning ouf chemicals and high expi- lu Indispensable n time sives-and more such plants are being bult. of warl That means greater demands for electrical en- tories ail over Ontario, ergy, demands your Hydro must and willI meet. Dmust aire seelclng out Here, every citizen con help by conserving ore pewerîul explosives ' Hydre current, by uslng it sparlngly. That's an in the war. The chemical Important way we can ail "help tea fnish the :>hadlnhnd Bt j ob" . . . sooneri1 pedoes, depth bombi, land and sea mines, chemicals for dlame throwers-and many other weapons that wilI bit the enemy hard. From the day that war was declared Hydro's t wo million elecrical horsepower was ready ta be harnessed te the war effort and foday more than hall ofi Iost worlc, lashionng the myriad In coakina, s,. utamallc contrats and watch ih. swtihe,. Foi large quantitler af toast, u». top aven element Wuh braillng pan and rock lntecd af open elements. Cook comploe . 'vea', mealsin range aven, wlth d balla elemes. Have vour electrcal dealer or local "Hydra" keeP vagi appilance, ln ergt clous aider. c THE HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER COMMISSION 0F ONTARIO - - ~ .~e..--. jM li Mie THURSDAY, APRIL 9, 1942 Hlelping To Keep Prices Reasonable High taxes help to guard the country agalnst unreasonable rises in the cost of living: They divert money from un- necessary spending for peace-time goods to Goverflmeflt spending for essential war-time material. Saving money, practised by thousands of thrifty depositors has a similar effect: It helps to keep prices from soaring by decreasing the demand for non-essential, peace-time commodities. Thus, when you save mnoney in a savings account, you bene- fit yourself and the country. You will need to save, flot only for family and personal emergencies, but to pay taxes and to buy war securities. Saving today is a patriotic service. BIANK 0ForMONTREAIL "A BANK WHERE SUALL ACCOUNTS ARE WELCOME" MODERN, EXPERIENCED BANKING SERNICE ... tht Omic.ere 0/124 yfaW 'SUrc#MIAIOPfftif isA E I Rmaniol s srah: F. 0. McILVEEN, LI r - 1 Manager