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- ~ PAGE TWO THE CANADIAN STATESMAN, BOWMANVILLE, ONTARIO 'THURS., DECEMBER 21sf, 1944 I This Christmas We Look Forward to "Peace on Earth" St. Luke 2, Verses 8-16 "And fliere were in flic same country shepherds abiding in tfli field, keeping wateli over their fiocks by îighf. And I.,flic angel of flie Lord came îîpon them, and flic glory of flic Lord shone round about fliem: and fliey werc sore afraid. And flic angel said unto flîci, Fear not: for, behold, 1 bring you good fidîngs of great joy, w-hicli shall be to ail people. For unfo you is borni fis day in ftle city - . of David a Saviour, w-hicli is Christ flic Lord. And this shahllic a sigîî unto you: Ye shall find flic Babe wrapped in swaddling cbothes, ly.ing in a manger. And suddenly there w-as wifh flic angrel a multitude of flcheeavenly hosf praising God, and saying, rGlory f0 God in fle ic ghesf, and on at peace, good will foward mnen. A.nd if caime f0 pass, as flic angels were gone away from tliem int o heav-en, flic sheplierds said one f0 another, Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and se fuis thing which is corne f0 pass, which flic Lord hafli made known unto us. .Abd tliey came wifh haste, anîd found Mary, and Josephi, and flic babe lying in a mang-er. Post War Aviation Post war aviation is occupying flic inter- national mind a greaf deal thlese days. The war-fume developmcnts in flic field of air- transport have made nations more nir-mind- ed than ever. For fhis reasoîî, aîîy sugges- tions fliat one country is tryiug to sneak into a position of priority with regard f0 post war air-riglifs, is bound fo make trouble. This may be flic neason wvhy Berfie Mc- Cormick of flic Chicago Tribune is înakiug sucli a defermined effort f0 persuade lis readers fliat flic Englisli are frying fo grabi allie post w-ar air advanfagcs for thein- selves, or as Bertie, hirnself, put s if, fliat "Great Britain infcnds to make a deter- mied -effort f0 affain ascendance in post- war air traffie." That ie lias succeedcd in sf irring up some trouble by lis ilbfirned and exaggerafed ac- eusafions, is cvideheed by flic facf that not only Republican (who beiong f0 bis ow-n polifical party) but also Dernocrat members -of flic American Legislafive biodies are mak- i ng resenffub speeches about prior American riglits f0 allich air ports Americans have helped f0 build or capture. If must please flic Japs and Germans no end, fo know- thaf flic United Nations have sucli a nafural-boru froublemaker in their midsf as Colonel McCormick. Pinkos and Amateurs Attack Churchill There is one mn above ail others w-ho stands head and shoulders above any oflier figure ini this world confliet and lis naine is Churchill. Now- as a resuif of rapid liberation of many countnies formerly under Nazi domination lielias lad f0 take a stand te suppress revoîfs and scek fo aid in set- ting Up responsibie governments arnong con- fused populations. The task la even more complex than conducfing flicw-ar ifself. But lielias been resolute in lis policies, riglit or wrong. And thie pinkos, leffists, cranks and amateur diplomat3 now- deride him and iusisf fliaf le is wrong and ouglit te bic removed. These are flic people w-ho thanked God iunflic dark days for flic one man w-ho raihied flic free w-onid o save their very skins. Now- fhey would tear him down because lis policies do nof jilie with fleir politîcal quirks. What are bis policies? - He stafed tliem in parliament and challenged a vote of con- fidence. He got if in ovcrw-lelring man- ner. His whole plan w-as based on democ- raéy. His demand is fIat fthc people new-iy liberated must bc pernifted frcedorn te bal- lot and eleet flic kind ,of goverument fliey want, save that ne such goverrnent cau lie Fascist. The fight today is te desfroy Fas- cism and there eau be ne compromise on that score. SeoChurchill wiIl einploy British ne %anabirani ehxtgu Etablished 1854 AN INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER With whioh la Incorporated The. Bowmanvifle News, The. Newcastle Independent, and The Orono News. 89 Year's Continuous Service To The Town of flowmanvife and Durham County. Member Audit Bureau of <Cirulations Canadjan Weekiy Newspaper SUBSCRIMTON TE $2.50 a Year i the United Statea. GEO. W. JiAMES. Editor. TUE STATESMAN HONOR ROLL - On Active Service - Major W. G. James (Wounded li Action, Back at the Front) Capt. Zobh M. James W.O. Donald Capieron Sergt. George Graham Cpi. A. Living (Kiiled ln Action in Italy) At tlie annual agricuifural conference lîeld in Ottawa recelifly, with the Federation of Agriculture taking part, plans and priees for agriculture for 1945 were tlireshed ont witli Hon. J. G. Gardiner, Minister of Agriculture. Besides discussion concerning the present stockyards congestion, flic mat- fer of future prie-es for beef carne under review. The Minister fold fliaf representa- tives of flhc Britishi government liad beeîî in Ottawa for soine tirne and ivere most anxious for a continued supply of Caniadian beef for flic British market. During 1944, Cani- ada seiit Britain 103,000,000 ibs. of "pro- eessed beef" represenfing more live cattie than ever before sent f0 Brifain and flic U.S.A. cornbined. Under present agree- ments, Britain ivili take allich surplus beef Canada eau supply during 1945. More flian fliat, flic Minister lias an '4un- derstanding" that flic saine will continue for 1946. Continuing, lie said flic present position is that there is a ceiling on beef across Canada and beef beîug sold Brifain is relafed to fliat price, ini reg-ard f0 finishied caffle and bears a proper reiationship f0 fthc price at w-hich beef is sclliug on1 fle market. Mr. Gardiner adrnitfed fliat carlier ini the session lie anîîounced f hat the old system of ceilings anîd floors w-as changed as a resuif of last ycear's experiences and fthc hope w-as fIat this year and lienceforth flîcre ivili bc a mucli more safisfactory- con 'dition. Allich above facts camne out in flic recent special session of parliarnent, but further question- ing of flie Minister w-as shuf off by fthc Speaker of flic House. Many farmers of this district w-ho have lost heavily because of the glut at flie stock- yards have.asked fliat The Statesman give promineuce f0 flic iaffer with a vicw- f0 urging flic governmeut f0 f ake some action or at least announce an understandable poiicy in flic matter. Now at iast w-e arc able f0 give fthc facfs containcd in thîs issue as fhev appear lu Hansard of Dec. 5. The w-hole matter appears f0 have been explored in flic agriculfural conference and quit e ap- parently agreeenîts iililod with Britain for flic next fw-o yen rs wiif prices governed as above set forth. Onîce flic yards are back f0 nornmal and wih the present information generahll- disseminated, if would appear fliat flic newly creafed County Agriculturai Coinmiittees eau lielp greatly ini stabilizing future conîditionîs in the beef caffle business. Look for Another About-Face ln CCF' Policies Thîe Ont ario Libenai News, officiai orgai of flic Ontario Liberal Association, in if Decemtber issue, pints a feafure idiculinb. flic CCFanîd sug-gests fliaf events are nom calculatcd for fIat party fo do anothpe about-face lu ifs soialist policies. The LiI. enal paper seerns thus unconcenned ovei tflic ne fat Prime Minister King lias sr fan refnained from nttacking flic COF anc recently allied hirnself dineccfy witl Mr, Coldw'cll f0 get lis vote of confidence in t hE House. TIc Lilierai New-s points ouf thal flic CCP lias ifs spiritual home ini New- Zen- land w-hene inucli legisiation lias been passec bordcrnug on socialism. If will be reealied f00 that Mn. Coldwell claims that lus party is akin fo flic Lalior Party of Bnitain. The Liberal New-s says flînt Premnier Fra- ser of New' Zealnnd lias ndmitted thaf f mus- fer of iîîdustry frorn pivate sources to flie State fo solve democrafie control is onlv- a platitude. Thougli au advocate of nation- alizafion of industny lielias iîot îîndcrfakeu fo effeef it. This reversai Mn. Fraser ex- pressed befone flic National Joint Council of Labor whlen lie spoke in London. The comment deveiopcd as a nesulf of fli c hnîg- ing aftitude of flic British Lalion Panty f o- ward socialism. That facf is that some of flic sfrongesf of Bitain 's unions arc now- coming ouf flafly against nationalization and Herbent Monnison, alw-ays one of ifs advoeates, lias necently sfnted openly lie no bouger considens nationalizafion of leading industries as a practicai pnoblem. Debafe lu the House on slip building and slip ow-niug aiso exploded flic fheony that Bnitain is goiug socialist for not a single Labon member rose f0 say a w-ord in support of nafionalizafion of fils second iargest iu- dusfry lu Bitain. The Liberal paper jilies that flic CCP miglit w-cii ponder tliis rever- sai of opinion and maybe flic different view now faken lu Brifain and New- Zealand w-i bring about a swing aw-ay from Soeialism in flic CCP. But, if asks w-bat flien w-ould flic CCP have f0 offer? This seems like' rubbing itifnlupnefy liard. Now tflaf flic .Liberals, liacked by the above information, have timorously corne out f cffliir fox-lioles f0 aftack socialism, if may lie obscrvcd fliaf Tim Buck lias funîiied mauv neaf somersauits f0 baud on the Libenai wodslicd and Leftists generahly eau wiggie ouf of compromisiug positions so tliey ueed not despair about the 00F changiug tune. strengtil f0 restore and maintain order un- tii free elections can be lield and he stands resolute on that proposition. Let tlîem clîoose, wlîether it be Liberal, Conservative, Ljeftist, Rightist or any shade save Faseist. Even the nmost confirmed pinkos can scarcelv take -exception to this strong (le- fence of dernocratic principles. But from ail sides cornes criticisrn. Even the new' Seerctary of 'State in the U.S.A. de- murs at fuis policy for Greece, with entire disregard for their stand backing Darlan, their amateur searchings for an Italian po- licy, their hesitaîc-v about. DeGaulle and their use of force lu Belg(ium. Leftisfs scream, "see hat that man is doing in G',reece!" The wav ve see if., Churchill is doing just what we insist upon doing in Can- ada; keep order, permit free speech for al parties and let flic people decide whaf sort of goverrnent fhey want. Standing ho- tween Russia and flec U.S.A., Cliurchill 's position on wider world issues is another matter but w-veecau see no roorn for criticismn ini bis holding f0 the ageless tradition of de- mocracy among flic people of Greece. Farmers Given Assurance Regarding Beef Prices TRIS TWO-WAY WAR It Il Impossible To Understaî flic great fides of current histor wifliouf rcalizing liaf wliaf is go ing on is a two-way war. Ther is flic war between flic nation There is flicw-ar between th, social classes. These two kinds of war differ ii nature. But if is flic class wa whidh is flic prirnary cause of fli conflicts befwccn nations as sudh Unless f h e class strugglc is dissolvcd t h e~ world will go on from war f0 war, . frorn siaugliter' t o slaugliter, worse. even before the second Germane.. war is finislied horizontal lines of flic class w-ar beginni n g t o break flirougli frorn below flic vertical uines of flic war of nations. Wc saw if in Northi Africa, ir France, in Bclgium, in Italy anc now,- above ail, in Greece. If is because flic German gen- crals aiso sec if fliere fliat tlicy figlit on and dling f0 their lasi crurnb of hope. The Things Wbih Human Be- ings do unconsciously arc offen more significant f han flose tlicy dlo dclibcratcly. Tlius-alnosf by instinct-lic riobility of Britain and flic pluto- cracy of flic United States were on lie side of Franco in flic first round of f lis second world w-ar. The common people werc over- whlcmingly on flic side of flic ne- publican government whidl w-as overflirown. If w-as flic privileged class-un- consciously fcaring disaster f0 ifs own social inferests-tliat para- lyzcd flic international action vhidli could have nipped flic nenace in flic bud, in Spain, China and Efhiopia. Mr. Churchill Was The Firat of flic British arisfocracy fo se liat furthler dailiance w-ifli fli riglifisf social forces in Fascisf countries was going f0 lead ftraiglit f0 war-and thaf sudh var miglit mean complefe catas- troplie for Britain. The grcafest Englishman of fhIs ge saw quite clearly thaf Bni- tn w-as flic rock upon which flic fttempfed conquest of Europe would make or break itsclf. Yct-in lis capacity as flic mosf nfiucnfial member of Britishi mnservatisrn - Churchill him- ;e1f lad helped f0 create flic class nenacc w-hidli, as a British nation- ileader, lie finally did more han any ofler man f0 break. If was Churchill who said in 928 "If I w-cre an Ifalian I wouid )t on flic black-shirf." If was tof filil e saw-beforc others of is kind-tiaf Fascism by ifs very ature lad f0 bursf ouf inter- etionaliy thaf lie began f0 sound he trumpef blasf against appease- ,ent. It Is True Tiie Clm Bindnea. f 'r r r V p c t ri ci te ai a in cc se a. th~ pu hfi na na fli Mt w-or ks bofli ways. Jusf as flic dih nd w-cl-to-do in ail coun- 1d tries cornpromiscd fhcmsclvcs, y oftn unconsciously, witli Fascism, 0- s0 great mulfitudes in ahl coun- e frics have swaliowed flic Com- s. rnunist religion, liook, line and ie sinker. Tq tliem Russia can do no wrong-cvcn thougli sli may in lie doing today wliaf sIc was op- r posing ycstcrday - and may be ie promoting again fomorrow. h. at i tisattitude of indiscrimin- .extension of Decatur's monstrous Smoff o, "my country, riglif or wog," to rcad "Russia, riglif or wrong," that is part of flic world trouble today. Btriglif dow-n at bedrock this is flic fact w-hicli counts: Democ- racy and Comrnunisrn may con- 'ccîvably'- work ouf a basis for genuine peace and permanent exfinliness betwcen tliemselves. SNeif ler can ever do 50 witli Fascîsrn. For bofli Dcrocracy and Communism nccd peace f0 flive and survive. Fascism can- fl ot survivc, cxccpf by war af home and abroad. If is flic morfal Iencmy of al liumanify. rGEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL d RAS FINE DECEMBER ISSUE T I c Canadian Geographical Journal, publislied af 49 Metcaif tSf., Ottawa, in ifs Deccrnber issue, presents cxccllcntly written and illustraf cd articles foudhing fw-o of flic eariiesf parts of Northi America wliere modemn civiliza- * ion came f0 settfle, Ncwfound- land and Mexico. Bofli articles *are cxfrcmcly inferesfing for al w-ho wish f0 bccome farniliar wif h fthc mardli of events. From tlie fog-bound coasts of Newfound- land te flic sunny clime of Mexico, readers are given an "airplane view-" of these infriguing and generaily liff le known parts of America. Thc illustrations covening bofli are exccptionally fine halffone photos and give highhîglifs and sideliglifs alrnost equai f0 personal visîfs. 0f ler articles deal wifh flic conformation of snow crystals and in tflicsfory of flic Arcfic In- stifute of NorthI America. This December issue also carnies a complete index of ah flic articles appearing in flic Journal for 1944. As a Christmas gift w-e can imagine nofhing finer flan a sub- script ion to fIe Canadian Geo- graphical Journal, whidh carnies also a membership in flic Cana- dian Geograplical Society, ahl for only $3 per year. If is flic finesf publication of ifs kind in Canada and probably of flic empire. No liome or sdhool wishing f0 be complefcly up 'f0 date can afford f0 be wifîouf fhis most excellent publication. Abraham Lincoln saîd: "These arc iife's Loyalties: I arn not bound f0 win, but I arn bound f0 be truc. I arn not bound fo succecd, but I arn bound to live by flic liglif fIat I have. I must stand wifh anybody thaf stands rigît, stand wifh hlm w-hile lie is igîf, and part wifh him whlen lie goes wrong."1 This is subscription tirne! IN THE DIM AND DISTANT PASI Prom The Statmaun File Plain Humbugfrom Mr. Lewis ARTICLE NO. 2 As indicated lasf week, we now proceed f0 examine the recent CCF convention and ifs findings. The convention took place in Montreai and lasted three days, ending on December 1sf. The political humbug of the convention's proceedinýs and findings are enough f0 stir the honest disgusf of any sensible citizen-and we propose f0 deal with the convention in just those ferms. In the days of the supposedly "wicked old parties" humbug and deception used f0 be referred f0 wifh cynical contempt as "ýpractical" politics-always holding one's nose and with the face averted. "Practical" pollfics were always despised even in the worst days of Canadian political skulduggery. Nafurally we thought thaf fhe CCF-Canada's new parfy of polifical purify -was above all that sort of thing. Certainly if was, in ifs infancy. with The Rev. J. S. Woodsworth as ifs leader-a man who refused f0 compromise with principle af any time. But if has fallen 10w. David Lewis, sccretary of the party, is unquesfionably one of ifs dominant figures. We doubt whefher any man in Canada, aside perhaps from Eugene Forsey and Professor Frank Scott, has as great an influence upon the CCF and ifs policies. Yef Lewis made a statement af this Monfreal convention which we doubt was ever equalled in the wickedesf of the wicked old days. The CCF party stands for socialism-sociai confrol of every- thing. But on this the convention sought f0 pussy-foof. Ifs resolution touching socialization of industry did nof propose f0 move fast enough for Harold Winch, British Columbia's COF leader. Nor for convention chairman, Colin Cameron, of Courtenay, B.C. Both of fhem instantly demanded stronger medicîne. These two gentlemen wanfed the parfy's socializa- tion policy clear and above board. Whereupon Mr. Lewis told the convention that he would not take second place to Mr. Winch and Mr. Cameron in advocafing ulfimate, complet e socialism but fhat "at the present t ime I arn concerned with winning an election." Mr. Lewis explained that for the time being af least he did not wanf f0 scare srnall business and that therefore he was anxious f0 deal at present only with the industries that the CCF would take over and socialize «in ifs firsf term of office." In ofher words, he wanfed f0 soft-pedal the party's policy of utter, total socialism in order to deceive, or lulI, or ensnare flhc vofers inf o vofing for a pig in a bag. The idea is polifically and intellectually dishonest. If is contemptuous of the elector- ate and merits the confempt of fthc elecforate. Certainly flic electorate ought f0 know of if and we feel that we are dis- charging only a simple dufy in acquainting our readers wif h if. We shill corne back over this ground later in thîs series. Meanwhile there are other features of the convention in which the same humbug is evident. T hey include: (1) The conscrip- tion and reinforcernents issue and the CCF attitude toward flie war; (2) Post-war freatment of soldiers, re-establishment, pensions, etc.; and (3) The question of national unity. Mr. Lewis is seriously underrating the intelligence of fthc average Canadian voter,. We have no doubt in the world that Mr. Lewis will, in due course, find this out-the hard way. TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO December 26, 1919 Mrs. A. E.* Garner and dauglifer, Mabel, arrived here from England and are staying with Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Heiglifon. Town Public Schools gave a wonderful display of musical anc lit erary ability at their closing exercises, with these feachers ir charge: Principal R .D. Davidson, Misses M. Jennings, Lillian Mc- Lean, Helen Morris, Ethel Gar. butf, Greta Wickett, Leta L. Bragg, Helen Johnsfon, Dorothy Orchard, and Flora Galbraith. Holiday visifors included: Cath- erine Warnica, Faculfy of Edu- cation, Toronto; Eva Henry, Pub. lic School Teachin.g Staff, St. Catharines; Florence Rikard, Mc- Donald Institute, Guelph; Ethel L. and Marion M. VanNest, To- ronto; Margaret Kerr and Helen Worden, Peterboro Normal; Gert- rude Hamley, Faculfy of Educa- fion, Toronto. A very jolly dance was held af fthe home of Mrs. H. Burke, Centre St. Mrs. Burke, charming hos- tess, was assisfed by her daugh- fers, Nellie and Sybil, Mrs. Clar- ence Mason and Miss M. Climie. Deanville News: Before leaving us, Miss Vida Langmaid, S.S. No. 4 School, had a program. and Christmas free. Our new feacher will be Miss Hillier. .. R. E. Os- borne and Louise left for United States. Ebenezer: Ted Rivett has re- engaged as forernan wifh Ross C. Pearce and George Gore with Arthur Osborne. Solina: Irene Walker has re- signed frorn Baker's School and returned f0 Port Hope. .. Henry Argue lias gone f0 Toronto for fthe winfer with his dauglifers, Irene, and Mrs. A. Gibbons. FIFTY YEARS AGO December 26, 1894 Holiday visitors încluded: A. J. Saunders, Guardian office, To- ronto; J. L. Alexander, Congrega- tional College, Mdntreal; Fred McClung, East End Pharmacy, Toronto; Geo. E. McKowan, Oak- ville; Percy Dobson, Alberf Col- lege, Belleville; Chas. Warder and G. Bushroe, Rochester; Viola Gil- fillan, Victoria University, Toron-1 to; H. W. Foley and T. G. Bragg, Toronto University; Neil Yellow- lees, Clinton; Fred Parker, O.A.C., Guelphi; Edna Gould, Toronto; Millie Grigg, Demili College, Oshiawa; R. R. Lawrie, School of Science, Toront o; W. R. Thick- son, Manitoba; H. Burk, Indian Head, N.W.T. J. B. Marfyn made a very fine1 display of Christmas meats and On a step that isn'f there. PouCAO ~.the ne m IF CHRIST SHOULD COME? Suppose that Christ should corne to earth, Again this Christmas morn,- I wondcr, would we welcome Himn Or turn away in scorn? I'wonder if He carne again To us this Christmas day Would we be glad that ý corne eV Or, from Him f urn away? If wé should hear the rumpet sound k As Christ, the Lord appears, Would if bring gladness to our, hearts And music f0 our cars? If Christ should corne for us tonight While ail is cold and stili, If we were wakened by the sight Would joy our bosoms fi? If we have welcomed God's dear son Into our hearfa and homes, We should be always ready To meet Him when He cornes. Would we before Him bow the knee, Our giffs in reverence bring? And from our very heart of hearts Prociaim Him as our king? -By H. G. Trewin, Welland, Ont., native of Durham County. 'g Help to make Bure that they won't be disappointed. During the holiday season, make only essential caIls. It's one way we can ail play Santa Claus to those absent in the services. &Ùew9 dw/b959s 10 Ouy War Sovinga Stanps und Cwrtificates o, Rucyay. Frank Willam Manager. / "'I ~-~- i., Il'I. ~JI I i. I CLAUS 'I r7 lis but cher, William Wight, de- served special credif for tlie per- fect m&nner in whidh he dressed it.' Arnong the exhibits were a iprime Durham heifer, 1250 lbs., jfed by J. Frank Osborne; one 1185 lbs., fed by W. C. Blackburn; an aextra good sheep, 245 lbs., fed jby W. Fursey, Zion; 5 lambs fed by Z. Adams, Clarke, and some prefty porkers fed 'by S. J. Henry, Tyrone. W. H. Osborne made a good show of 60 furkeys boughf from Mrs. James Parr and Mrs. S. Shepherd, Cartwright. Taunton: A pretfy wedding took place af "Mapie Villa," home of John Cornish, when lis daugh- fer, Annie, was married f0 Robert T. Rowe, Bowmanville. Brides- maids were Lucy Cornish and Annie Lander. Foley: J. T. H. Hancock builf a handsomc brick residence, cost- ing $2,500. The cellar is builf especially for the sf orage of apples. Hampton: School report with M. C. Winslow, teacher, contains these names: Roy Leddy, Harry Penningt on, Frank Clarke, Lit ta Ruse, Bina Johns, Annie Johns, Ettie Oliver, Ada Taylor, Glen Liddy, Ethel Cooledge, Nellie Cowling Mabel Hannam, Bertha Taylor, Lettie Fursier, Russell Rowe, Irwin Pefers. SANTA CLAUS NEEDS A HAND CHIILDREN ASKED TO HELP Yes, he is liaving his troubles like fhe resf of us: shorfage of materials; priorifies on this and thaf make fIe kind old gent le- rnan's task a littie harder witli each succeeding year of war. This Chiristmas a special prob- lem has f0 be solved. Coins of ail sizes and denominations are getting scarcer, and merdhants and business men find if harder and harder f0 provide fhe neces- sary small change f0 look affer tlie usuai increase in flie holiday frade. Mr. F. O. Mcîlveen, manager of the Bank of Montreal, in com- menting on the situation, suggest- ed fIat one of the ways whereby Santa's chief beneficiaries could help would be f0 open flicir dirne banks and bring the contents int o the'bank and exchange their cop- pers, nickels, dimes and quarters for paper currency. He added that he was sure fliat this simple acf would be a greaf hlp in in- creasing the suppiy of coins need- cd af the present fime. 0f al fhe sad surprises, There's none that can, compare With treading in the darkness By Capt Elmore Philpett THE CANADIAN STATESMAN, BOWMANVILLE, ONTARIO -THURS., DECEMBER 21st, 194& oiv Ac2evo .q~4ee