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PAGE FOUR THE CANADIAN STATESMAN. BOWMANVILLE. ONTARIO THURSDAY, NOV. lat, 1945 Research Key To Goodyear Leadership Science Leads Way at Bowmanville Goodyear leadership in the field of mechanical rubber goods is the result of years of scientific laboratory research and study of products in use, according to George Davis, assistant manager of mechanical rubber goods sales for the company. "The new, modern laboratory at Goodyear's Bowmanville plant was designed for only one pur- pose," he declared. "Through ex- haustive laboratory tests we are able to give our customers better belts, better hose, better molded goods, and better packing than ever before." Several new machines, install- ed within the past few months, are used to test tensile strength, adhesive qualities, plasticity, and flexibility of rubber compounds. These and other testing devices were used to perfect the snowmo- bile track, tank bogie wheels, fire hose, and other vitally needed wartime products. Dynamic Research Back of Goodyear-Bowmanville stands one of the finest science laboratories in the world-the new million-dollar research buil- ding just completed by Goodyear in Akron, Ohio. This miraculous testing ground for all types of materials and pro- cesses is literally the heart of the Goodyear corporation, and will supply valuable information to all Godyear branches-including the plant at Bowmanville. The new laboratory was built to en- able Goodyear scientists and en- gineers to function even more effectively in the future than they have in the past. Post War Musts The rapid grow of scientific re- search during World War Il is an indication of what may be expect- ed in the post-war world. In the new laboratory, Goodyear re- search men will find the facilities they need to maintain their placei in the foremost ranks of scientifc and industrial learning.1 To understand the importance of scientific research in the rub- ber industry, one must keep in mind the difference between a chunk of crude rubber and the finished product-whether it be an auto tire, a transmission belt, an airship, a garden hose or a rubber heel. Making rubber products has sometimes been compared with baking a cake. The comparison is a useful one that helps to make clear the problems of research in the rubber industry. The housewife begins with flour. If she merely mixes it with water, the result is only paste. To arrive at a delicious cake, she must skillfully blend the flour with many other ingredients and bake it the right length of time at the correct temperature. Begin- ning with the same flour, thei housewife by varying the mixture and the baking method, can fin- ish with any one of a vast variety of cookies or cakes. Baking Crude Rubber Crude rubber may be regarded as the "flour" of the rubber in- dustry. What is mîxed with it and what is done to the mixture determines what the finished pro- duct will be. Obviously the quai- ities that make a successful auto- mobile tire are not the same ones desired in a sheet o! Pliofilm. The rubber chemist calls the process of mixing crude rubber with other ingredients "compoun- ding." Goodyear today uses about 190 substances for compounding purposes. They include powders, waxes, oils, asphalt, tars, and fibres. In addition, substances known as "accelerators" are ad- ded to the compound to quicken the process of vulcanization, the "baking" of our rubber products. For many years after Charles Goodyear's lucky and accidental discovery of vulcanization, the rubber industry progressed by guess and trial, even as the house- wife whose recipes include "a pinch of salt" or the instructions to "season to taste." The function of the Goodyear Research Division has been to re- place guesswork and "rule of thumb" with exact scientific knowledge. Chemists, physicists, and engineers have contributed long hours of ptient study to bring this about. With new knowledge has corne newer and better ways of doing things, new- er and better products. More than 300 scientific per- sonnel and clerical staff will be housed in the new Goodyear Re- search Laboratory at Akron. Plant Laboratory The building itself is of rein- forced brick and stone construc- tion, designed for both beauty and utility. Built in the form of a "U" the laboratory has 74,000 square feet of space on three floors. Completely equipped, the new structure represents an in- vestment of approximately $1,- 325,000. On the ground floor are five large laboratories suitable for heavy machinery. These are us- ed for studies of rubber and plastics processing, film casting, and similar tests. Offices and laboratories devoted to physics, X-ray studies, and microscopic research are located on the sec- on floor, and a dozen chemical laboratories - including o n e bomb-proof room-are on the top storey. One of the most important de- vices in the building is the elec- tron microscope, with which large molecules-such as the "super- molecules" of rubber and various synthetics-may actually be seen by research chemists. The ma- chine employs a beam of elec- trons, instead of lightrays, to magnify more than 100,000 times. The best optical microscope in use today can magnify barely 2,- 000 times. Future Objectives Objectives set up by the Good- year Research Laboratory for immediate study are as follows: 1. Progressively and continu- ously to improve the quality, val- ue and serviceability of rubber tires of all kinds. 2. To specialize in the develop- ment and perfection of synthetic rubber. 3. To perfect further the know- ledge and technique of making transparent films for use in pack- aging foods. 4. To develop new types of re- sins having values as protective coatings, molding materials, or as substitutes for rubber. 5. To discover new types of cord suitable for use in the con- struction of tires and to improve the present cords made from ray- on, cotton, and other similar ma- terials. 6. To advance the design of air- craft, bothheavier-than-air and lighter-than-air. 7. To improve adhesives for use in attaching rubber andtsynthetic rubber to metals of ail types. 8. To evolve procedures for preventing corrosion of magnes- ium and to achieve improvements in the metallurgy of magnesium and aluminum. 9. To study plastics that may be adapted in various circumstances in place of rubber. Happy Birthday Hearty Congratulations From Mayor Morris It is indeed a pleasure to extend municipal congratulations and good wishes to Bowmanville's largest industry, the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. Ltd., on the occasion of their 35th anniversary. Goodyear is the greatest name in "rubber" and we in Bowmanville realize that Goodyear is our greatest asset and publicity med- Mayor C. G. WMorris ium. Thirty-five years of consis- tent growth and expansion in Goodyear have been paralleled by many changes and improvements in this municipality-our water system, sewers, paved streets, school additions, etc., have all been established in this period. Minister of Health Offers Best Wishes And Congratulations Office of Minister of Health and Public Welfare, Province of Ontario Toronto, Ont., Nov. 1, 1945. Mr. C. G. Morris Mayor of Bowmanville Bowmanville, Ont. Dear Mayor Morris: I deem it a great pleasure and privilege to join with you and the people of Bowmanville, in- Member for Durham Sends Greetings te Goodyear Company HOUSE OF COMMONS CANADA Ottawa, October 25, 1945. Mr. C. G. Morris, Mayor of Bowmanville, Bowmanville, Ontario. Your Worship, Since I shall find it probably impossible to be with you on the very notable occasion of the 35th Anniversary of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Limited, in Bowmanville, would you kind- ly convey to the President of the Company and through him to his officials and the entire staff at Bowmanville my warm senti- ments and congratulations on at- taining this milestone in the pro- gress of a great and growing in- dustry. As an ordinary citizen of Dur- ham County, I deem it an honour to be invited to share in the "Open House" that has been planned for November 2nd. As the Mayor of your sister town of Port Hope may I say to you, Sir, that I convey the senti- ments of the citizens and their1 greetings on this Anniversary. Finally it is indeed a great pleasure as Durham's member in the House of Commons, personal- ly and in behalf of people of the constituency, to wish continuing expansion and prosperity fori Durham County's greatest indus- try. It has been my pleasure to learn something of the history of the rubber industry of Bowmanville Bowmanville has every confi- dence that the good judgment and foresight of Goodyear execu- tives that decided them to locate in Bowmanville, will be contin- ued in the present policies of this company and its officials. Every citizen of Bowmanville has an in- terest in the growth and prosper- ity ofiGoodyear,wand our sincere wish is that the future will see a bigger Goodyear in a bigger Bow- manville. Goodyear has for many years been our largest taxpayer, largest user of Hydro and water, and above all the largest employer of local labor. For these benefits we are deeply indebted to Goodyear. Bowmanville has repaid its in- debtedness also in many ways- continuing councils have given Goodyear preferred assessment rating, resulting in low taxes and lower production costs for this industry. By careful financing Bowmanville's mill rate has been kept at a minimum consistent with providing satisfactory mun- icipal services. Our citizens, by providing a sa- tisfactory labor field, have made possible Goodyear's wonderful growth during these thirty-five years. It is doubtful if any com- parable industry has a finer re- cord of harmonious relations with its employees than Bowmanville- Goodyear - this record reflects credit on both employees and management. Again, on behalf of Bowman- ville citizens, we say-Goodyear, we are proud of you, may your thirty-fifth anniversary be a very happy occasion, and we look for- ward to joining with you to cele- brate this and many other birth- days as they come around. With all good wishes MAYOR C. G. MORRIS (On behalf of the Corporation) deed with the people of the entire County of Durham, in extending best wishes to the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Limited, on the occasien of their 35th An- niversary. My regret is that I shall find it impossible to be personally pre- sent at the Open House planned for Nov. 2. May I delegate to you, therefore, the office of con- veying my sentiments to Chair- man Litchfield and his officials on this occasion. Bowmanville is fortunate in being associated with the great- est industry in the United Coun- ties and the greatest in its sphere in the entire globe. It is fortu- nate too, in the quality of its citizen-employees, so many of whom it has been my pleasure to know. Their work at home, their service in war is a record of which to be proud. As Minister of Health and Wel- fare for Ontario I must say how greatly appreciated is the work of Goodyear-Bowmanville in pro- motion of health and safety. The Company's co-operation in the X-Ray Clinic, the establishment of a most modern plant hospital and their support for the Muni- cipal Hospital, are worthy causes of the highest order. May there be many more occa- sions in the future for Goodyear- Bowmanville to observe like milestones in progress and pros- perity, is the wish of Your Obedient Servant, PERCY R. VIVIAN. and particulariy o! the greatcon- tributions o! the Goodyear Com- pany during the years of peace and throughout two great wars. The story is one o! high ser- vice to Canada, o! sacrifice o! those who enlisted, many o! whom Chas. E. Stephenson, M.P. gave their all; of faithful produc- tion by those who carried on at home; of contributions to patrio- tic drives, in short the joint ef- forts of loyal Canadians. I would wish more adequately to fashion words to express the general feeling of what this great organization has accomplished. With them let us go forward with strong faith for the future. Yours very sincerely, CHARLIE STEPHENSON. PROPELLER DE-ICING EQUIPMENT One of the interesting "now it- vent the formation of ice under can be told" stories that has come icing conditions. Control of the out of this war is the develop- degree of heat generated was a ment of the airplane propeller major problem. de-icer. In this, as in many other Goodyear Bowmanville's job war emergencies, Goodyear co- was to translate from the research operated with the National Re- scale onto a production basis, in- search Council to produce a sat- volving the development of new isfactory product. techniques in processing a n d Rubber had heretofore been control and the use of testing used as one of the best non-con- procedures entirely new to the ductors of electricity. National company. Research Council had worked on Over two hundred "shoes" a-nd produced a rubber compound were precision-built and tested which would conduct electricity and turned over to the National but at the same time had suffi- Research Council to be subjected cient resistance to produce heat. to the exhaustive flight tests The Vertical Scott Tester, shown above, measures the tensile The application of this principle which a product of this type must strength of cured rubber stock. A small sample is gripped in jaws, was developed experimentally to undergo. These tests are still in the dial is set at zero, and the machine slowly pulls the material produce a "shoe" or covering for progress in Canada and in Eng- airplane propeller blades, the land, and the results so far point apart. Record of the stretch is kept by a tiny electric spark which heat generated electrically within the way to many possibilities for burns holes in a paper chart until the sample snaps. the shoe being sufficient to pre- peacetime .use. BIGGEST CONVEYOR BELT The two heaviest industrial conveyor belts ever built in Can- ada are believed to be those pro- duced by Goodyear in Bowman- ville for one of the Dominion's largest mining companies early in 1940. One belt *was 897½ feet long, 54 inches wide, and was made up of ten 42-oz. duck plies coated with heavy-gauge rubber. The other belt was 775 feet long, 48 Huge Goodyear Suction Hose Drained Steep Rock Lake One of the important jobs un- dertaken by Goodyear Bowman- ville during World War II was the development of the huge 24- inch suction hose pipelines used to drain Steep Rock Lake. Deep beneath the cold waters o! this lake in the wilds of west- ern Ontario iay many million tons o! high grade iron ore. Prelimin- ary surveys had indicated that it woild take four years, by usual engineering methods, to gain access to the lode. But when war's demand for metal became urgent, the order came to get operations under way in eighteen months. The Seine River, flowing through the lake, had to be di- verted and rechannelled-a job that involved moving two million yards of rock and earth. In ad- dition, more than 120 billion gal- lons of water had to be pumped from the lake to uncover the ore. To meet the schedule, water had to be drawn off at a rate of five hundred million gallons a day for six months. Each twenty- four hours, enough water would be removed to fill the combined needs of Canada's fourteen larg- est cities. Fourteen huge pumps, mount- ed on floating barges, were re- quired to draw the water from the lake. A flexibility of 15 de- grees was essential in the pipe- line, and rubber hose connections had to be strong enough to hold the pressure of a steadily in- creasing head of water. Goodyear development engin- cers went to work on the prob- lcm, and within a short time the Bowmanville plant turned out the first hose section-the heavi- est hose length with the largest inside diameter ever manufac- tured by this Goodyear factory. The original order called for 30 sections, to be completed at the rate of one a day. Each sec- tion was eight and a half feet long, and weighed 1,900 pounds. Souple nipples, which amounted to 725 pounds of the total weight, added three feet to the length of a section. Heavy fabrics and natural rubber linings weighed 650 pounds. The gauge of the hose wall was 2 inches, and the inside diameter measured exactly 2 feet. To strengthen the hose, ¾ inch flat steel wire was spiral wound around the complete length of the pipeline. Weight of the wire alone was 528 pounds for each length of hose. Today, Steep Rock has been inches wide, and also had ten plies. Together the two belts weighed a total of 44,393 pounds -more than twenty-two tons. Size of the belts is indicated in the above photograph, which shows the largest belt just before shipment. A. M. Hardy, who was superintendent at the time, is -shown standing beside the mam- moth conveyor with M. Oke. A feature or both belts was the emptied by this Goodyear-built pipeline. The ore that lay deep under water is now easily ac- cessible - the overburden hasi been scraped off and ore ship- ments are under way. Peak pro- duction at Steep Rock will likely be reached during 1946, and the value of ore will probably reach $10,000,000 annually. The draining of Steep Rock Lake sent much-needed iron flowing through the forges of the United Nations into the tools of Victory. Through their part in developing and building the hose duck fabric used in their manu- facture. This heavy cloth base was woven to rigid Goodyear spe- cifications in the company's own cotton mill at St. Hyacinthe, Que. -where all fabric used in Good- year belts, tires, and other pro- ducts is produced. Like all Good- year conveyor belts, these two were specially constructed to in- hibit the growth of mildew while in operation. that made the project possible, Goodyear's Bowmanville em- ployees played an important part in helping bring World War I to a close. RADIO INSTALLED To keep the Goodyear factory at Bowmanville in touch with the office at Toronto 42 miles away, Goodyear built a wireless plant in 1916-one of the first installa- tions on the continent. The sys- tem was later extended to Akron and Detroit. GOOD 1910 35th m m Goodyear - Bowmanville em- ployees who worked on the belts will recall that after they were crated and ready for shipmegt, a portion of the brick wall at the side of the belt-room had to be torn down in order to permit the huge belts to be moved from in- side the plant to the waiting rail- road flatcars on the outside spur track. The Goodyear plant just out- side of Sydney, Australia, started production in October, 1927, and was the second foreign operation undertaken by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. Bowman- ville's factory, established in 1910, wa the first expansion of the company outside the U.S.A. By 1934, B6wmanville had be- come the largest producer of mechanical rubber goods in Can- ada-a position the town still -holds. 'EAR 1945 All Bowmanville is grateful to Good- year which from the small Durham Rubber Co. of 1910 has grown to its present impressive size. Their advancement has meant much and we join in extendifig our best wishes on their Anniversary Couch, Johnston and Cryderman LADIES' AND MEN'S READY-TO-WEAR, DRY GOODS, MILLINERY b l- 1 VERTICAL SCOTT TESTER ---- ------- - 1 1 1 PAGE FOUR THURSDAY, NOV. lst, 1945 THE CANADIAN STATESMAN, BOWMANVILLE, ONTARIO