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an4burin r "Durham County's Great Family Journal" VOLUX rrm Inn ~- SECOND SECTION BOWMANVILLE, ONT., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7,1946 PAGES il to 14 NTTMBF~R £tP ~ohn Atkins, a Bracebridge far- ier who is also philosopher and an economist, recently addressed the Canadian Woollen and Knit Goods Manufacturers' Association at Montreal. Hîs subject was "A Farmer Looks at Factories." Farm readers will be giad to read what ire tells, but we give only higir- ligirts since space is at a prcmium. Hie said: "We farm people are much like the rest of you, except that our efforts must be much greater than yours for much less pay. The hourly rates o! pay in factories, and the short work wcek, seem fantastic to us when compared wîth our own carnings and hours o! work and with the pay and hours of millions o! unorganized or se]f-employed Canadians. Whc 'n wc look at factories wc sec them oftcn through the rose-colorcd glasses of classificd advrtise- ments. Let us drop in and take a look at a typical farm home today. If evcryone is wchi, the family rose at 5:30 this morning. The day's work began at once with the milk- ing and the care of the rnilk. The horses, pigs, sheep and poultry ail rcquired some immediate at- tention. The chores, which arc the care of the livestock, occupy from 2 to 3 hours morning and evening, depcnding upon the kinds and numbers o! livcstock and thre season. Chores are real wnrk but they are always spoken o! as if separate froru the work of the day. At least 8, more often 10 hours of field, bush or other work, wil be donc 'before the evening chores begin. If there are no births ex- pected, or sick animais requiring special attention, the chores will be finished- about 8 o'clock and the, !amiiy will settle down to reading or other recreation. The radio will tell then that an- other strike has been settlcd with a reduction o! 4 or 8 hours in the work week, two weeks' vacation with pay, and increases o! 13c to 16c per hour to maintain or in- crease the take-home pay. Thre fact that thre take-home pay will be reduced when farmers and gthers get pay and price increases, i~something to be learned and ~' m m - - - - -m -auof - %Fa- F bw ww - w 1we L w w w w -P a&E W L worried about in the future. Easy Lite In Cities After the broadcast, father will read the following aloud froru the newspaper: "A modern manufac- turing concemn equires young wo- men for full time work, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., 5 days per week; good starting pay; regular increases; individual instruction; perman- ent employment; rest periods mor- ning and afternoon; cafeteria; free uniforms and laund.ry; sick benefits." Mother, who finds 12 hours of irard, active womk too mucir at sixty, will rcmark: "They should make that hcading rcad: " 'Don't go clsewhere to work. Come here and have a steady hol- iday with expenses paid.' Fatirer, tirere is no use in our trying to keep on. We won't be able to get help wiren the young people can earn more in factories in 40 hours a week than they can eamu on the farru in 80 hours a week." From this backgmound the farm people of Canada look at tire fac- tories. It is small wondem that they think that the factomies are pleasant places where people get sufficient light exercise to fit theru for strenuous modemn recre- Farm people are compchled to work hard, to manage well, to be prudent, cautious and thmifty, in order to acirieve modest succcss. They must give more befome thcy get more. Thcy are good-hearted and hamd-headed. They aré more conscious o! value tiran most peo- pie. When they look to a factomy for their needs, they look for val- ue' measured iu terms o! tire mon- ey, work and skiil they invest in their own farmsteads. They regard factory people as a unit of labor which produces essential goods for them.' They cannot understand wiry factomy people attempt to discount and sirare potential production wirich rareiy materializes sufficiently to justify the higher wages and pri- ces thcy dlaim in advance. We farm people want from you an assured and adequate supply o! gamments and comfomts whîch aA essential in our work and to our well-bcing. We want them <GOLO miL0L Let WELLINGTON JEFFERS, Financial ""\- Editor, keep you posted on finance at home a.nd abroad in bis autboritative column -Finance at Large'. For highlights on basic trends, revealing sideligbts on cur- rent affairs, bis searching commentaries have won him an enviable position as an authority on finance. iT OI'LL PROFIT FROM CAIAIA'S MOST COMPLE MARKET AI FINAICIAL NEWS ~ GM46-7W at prices consistent with our own earnings from our products which must be sold on both domestic and world markets. The meconcilia- tion o! our prices with youms, at levels whicir will maintain thre maximum excirange o! laibor be- twccn us, involves ail the consîd- erations o! national and interna- tional policy. Two Hours for One There is no essential difference between farru people and factory people. Neither of us is prepar- cd to approve o!, or pay for, any- thing that is inconsistent with our own interests or which provides retumus for others which. are out of line with our own rewamds for comparable skill and effort. Far- mers are now paying factomies prices which yield factory people much highcm returus and shorter hours than fammers can gain from tire sale o! their own produce. Wc farmers cannot continue to pay too miuch of our production for too littie factory production, even if wc wished to d'o a thing so fool- isir. It is impossible for us, over any pmotmacted pcriod, to ex- change labor wîth you on the ba- sis o! 2 hours for 1, as at present. We will run out o! ones and you will have the worthiess twos o! inflation which then wiil repre- sent neither profit nom potentiai production. Uýnless equity is rcstored quick- iy in the excirange o! farm and factory labor, by unpmecedented Production which will lessen costs and prices, we ahl must pre- pare to undergo tire surgery of, depression. A pmoionged conval- escence, under the care o! those great doctors, Supply and, De- mand, who must opemate exten- sively enougir to remove ail ma- jor obstructions -to tire circula- tion. o! goods and services, may mestore our economic health even- tuaily. The illness wiil be pain- fui and full o! heartaches but we must suiffer it, if we do not take prevéntive medicine now. We farm people and factory people are motivated alike. We are devoted cquaily to, the good o! Canada and. the welfare o! hu- manity. We ail rely upon peace for progrcss and prosperity. Wc are concemned with tire preserva- tion of democracy as we under- stand. it. Wc are working for tire climination of war and we are prcpared to go all the way with those who together can guamante peace. But, until peace is assumed and international safety is a fact, we mnust safeguard hife in Canada by ensuring an adequate supply of necessaries in international cm- ergencies. In tis national task both famms and factories are es- sential. Price Differences to Cause Trouble We behieve tirat our farma life1 compels us to conform dcloseiy to thre principhes which underlie ec- onomic healtir and national well- being. We behieve that your cir-1 cums tances permit you -to depart Lemporarily from sound princi- pies and that we ahi suifer when you stray into error. We know1 that tire disparity between farmt and factory returns is now so great tirat our young people have .eft and. are leaving our farms for your factories, in abnormal num-î bers. We fear that our growmngE inability to exchange our laborE for yours wil 5 constmict yourt mnarket that serious unemploy-t ment will occur as soon as you1 have caught up with deferred de-t nand. We foresce a depressiona hat will feed upon our inabiiitys to buy your goods and your con-c :equent inability to buy ours. i Fortunatcly for us, and for you,y competition witin your industryc and among ahl industries, obliges È you to have special regard. for our t interests. We are your most im- j portant and your most stable mar-y ket. Individually we are o! morey value to you as farm consumers e than as urban consumers. If tisd is not patently true, we suggest t irat you make a survey o! the wcarers o! kuit goods, witir par- ticular reference to woollen un- f erwear. Farm Pay May be 33 Cents Tire foregoing is an average in- a] .omn. Many incomes will be c( nucir higirer and many mucir low- b: r. Agriculture iras no dead le- f., cils established by union megula- ir Jons. Tire chie! reason why good st armers keep on farming is that ;ey are able to get all tirey can s] smrn witirin prevailing prices. ti rhey get no overtinre rates but CE hey can work -as many hours as M: hey wish and tiey can get the ol )enefit o! ail thre skiil tirey can wi )ut into their work. But they oi vil fot be satisfied until their ai ndustry and skill brimg returns w John Atkins Whose address on "The Farmer Looks at Factories" appearing in the adjoining columns is well worth reading, whether you are a city or rural dweller. Mr. At- kins. has lived in metropolitan cities and small towns in various parts of Canada and now has realized his life ambition by be- coming a farmer. In the accom- panying article you get the ben- efit of his wide knowledge and practical common sense way of tackling some of our present day problems. comparable with yours. You will flot do as much business with them as you should. until equity is established between your prices and theirs. Average farmn in- comes -are the only basis on which comparison can be made between farm and factory earnings. Farm Resistance to Higher Costs If and when the average costs of farm products are found and ruadie public there will be a quick and radical revision of our na- tional thinking about farru and factory wages and the exchange of labor in Canadian and interna- tional trade. Many farmers think that factories should have pegged their wages and prices at the end of the war and that increased costs should have been met by greater production on the basis of the 48-hour week without in- creases in weekly pay. By this means, and increased farm pro- duction at pegged prices, factory people, farrn people, and' ail other Canadiians would have received increases in real wages and our export trade would. have been greatly facilitated. Factories will find strong farm resistance to in- creased costs and increased, prices. We farru people have entered, up- on a long period of decreasing net returns, per unit of product, which we can meet only with in- creased efficiency and lower costs. We know of nothing under heaven that can save Canadian agricul- ture but progressively declining costs of production. The pcriod of downward ad- justruents upon which Canadian agriculture is entering, may hi- quidate tens of thousands more of our farrns and, create for fac- tory people, and ail Canadians, the most difficui *t economic prob- lems we have ever faced in peace- time. Unless factory unit costs and prices are lôwered commen- surately with ours, we cannot continue long to 'buy your goods in sufficient volume to sustain ,our employment. We may leave our farms in even greater num- bers and corne into the cities and towns to compete with you for obs and business, thus lowering your prices to the point at which your gbods may again be exchang- ed on a fair basis with the pro- lucts of those who remain on the farru. No Faith in Miracles The work of farm people and factory people cannot be proteet- ed or increased by rising costs and higher prices. Farm prices are too low now in relation to factory prices but they are too high in relatiorr to, potential mar- kets. Higher prices for farm products wiIl work harn to cvery- one. Factory costs and, prices, in relation to farm markets of the near future, are injuriously high. Both factory people and farm pcople may go on for a brief per- iod increasing costs and raising prices but we are only adding Light to the faîl we will take vhcn wc are pushed off the peaks by our own folly. Miracles of increascd prodtuc- ion and greater cfficiency might orrect unit costs on farms and in factories, but miracles are so rare that it appears we have, placed to much faith in our hopes and 'otentialities and paidl too littie ceed to the realities and the prob- bilities. In order that we may proceed uiseiy to restore the exchange- bility of our labor we should t 7onsider how we destroyed it. A t AFarmer Looks at the Faetorie.ç HEALTHFUL THINKING Morbid fixation on the func- tioning of the body is not the way to truc health, says, an announce- ment from the Department o! Na- tional Health and Welfare. The lepartment quotes a leading au- thority, who describes health as a "perfectly natural and uncon- scious state o! mind and body, evident in a sense of well-being." A. healthy person, it is pointed iut, enjoys activity, has. an ex- loratory interest in lite and is well-fitted. to stand up to adçvers- ity, to endure and to overcome ifficulties, whether mental or physical. per worker was nil. He con-tin- ued,: "Total farrn purchasing power is great but farmn costs are rising and individual earnings of farm people are declining. The aver- age individual earnings of farm people are probably one-half of factory workers' average earnings for comparable skill and effort; and. this estimate leaves out ail consideration of investment which excecds $7,000 on the average farm. Vacant Farm Homes Duringthe war a survcy of nine Ontario counties showcd that the average age of men and women operatîng farms in those counties was 57 years. Those people are now over sixty. Their young peo- pie are not returning to the farms froru the forces and -the factories. It was neyer more diff icult to get farru help than it is today. The number of empty farmsteads is growing steadily. Between Ridge- town and Blenheim in southwcst- ern Ontario there are 70 empty houses on one road, 5 of them supplied with electricity. The f a- milles who left them are now part of the urban housing prob- lemu. The first move toward restor-i ing the cxchangeability of farm and urban labor should be the lengthening of the factory work week to a minimum of 48 hours without increasing the weekly pay. That makes you smile; you say it is impossible, perhaps pre- posterous is your word. Because measures which will increase pro- duction and lessen cost arc im- possible too often, we may ail wcep before long. There is littie, if any, factory work in which a 48-hour work is prejudicial to the workers' health. Certainly a 48- hour week allows more leisure ttran mnany are able to *use con- structivcly. We secrn to have for- gotten that enough work is good and too much idileness is bad. Ail play and no work makes Jack a bad boy; and the effect on Jili is no-t too good either. Until the cxchangeability of la- bor within Canada, and in inter- national trade, has been restored,, a work week which is too short for sufficient production to lower costs and prices is a menace to the real wages of every Canadian and a threat to future employment. Lose Two Months Per Vear Few Canadlians realize that a reduction in the work week from 48 to 40 hours means a loss of more than. two months in p.roduc- tion in industries and businesses which are on one-shift operation. The enormous capital costs of buildings and cquipment are ail greatly increas-ed by radical re- ductions in the work-week. In addition to reductions in the work week which mean the loss of one or two months production per year, many workers get vacations with pay, thus gaining a total of from six weeks to cleven weeks' holidays with pay. Farm people cannot bear the cost of this idde- ness in the prices of their needs. The hard working, thrifty peo- pie of Canada, who work long hours, have been compelled to surrender their rights and an in- creasing part of their earnings to relativeiy high-paid, short-hour people who have forced unecon- omic costs and prices upon cvery- one in the pretense, and some- times the belief, that they were sharing empioyment. What they have accomplished is to, ensure future idieness that they wil share as unemployment. Creating and sharing idleness has, however, become establishcd practice in Cqînada. Unemployed persons, except single men, may refuse farm work or house work, which is "unsuitable" to theru, and draw unemployment insurance benefits. Both farm work and bouse work are regarded as suit- able for farmers andi housewives xvho are obliged, through taxes and purchases, to pay the unem- ployment insurance of idle people who refuse to heip them. This is another of your co-sts that farmers bear most reluctantly. It is in- 29th. Evemybody in Siraw's corne. Complimentary Tickets To Royal Winter Fair Given Local Officiais The Manager o! the Royal Win- ter Fair, W. A. Dryden,, convey- cd greetings and an invitation to his many friends in Bowmanville and diptrict to visit the Royal at Toronto at its reopening, Nov. 12- 20, when a sound truck carried his voice to a local assem'bly o! town officiais and businessmen ga- thered before Thre Statesman of- fices, Monday. 1 Delegated personally to meet thre gathering were two Royal offi- ciais, Col. H. C. McKendrick and A. R. Tidy. They were officially welcomcd by Mayor C. G. Morris and Walter DeGeer, President, Hallowe'en Party at Shaw's Sichool An Hilarious' Affair Sponsoreci by tire Home and Scirool Club at Shaw's tire an- nual masquemade took place on Fiday evening. A large number o! people were present to enjoy tire fun. A short business session was ireld duing which tire iabilities and advantages o! Scirool Area mcmbemship werc discussed. Gar- net Rîckard, member o! Tmustee Board for tis amea, gave a clear and gaphic description o! many needed improvements to various scirools. It was decidcd to refer matter o! extra chairs to execu- tive o! H. and S. Club to confer with chaimman o! Scirool Board. Laurence Cryderman, presi- dent complimcnted pupils and teacher, Miss Tirompson, on tire truly lovehy and appropriate de- corations o! tire entire room. After tire business meeting, Mr. Cryderman called tire judges, Mrs. G. W. Miller, Mrs. Walter Rick- ard and Mrs. Norman Rickamd to tire front. Mrs. Otto Bragg pre- sided attire piano and tire many and varied costumes were cxhib- ited as thcy paradcd before tire judges. Tire judgcs had a diffi- cuit task as tire wcrc about 60 in costume. In addition to tire 26 pupils present a large number o! ex-pupils, friends and aduits weme in tire memry throng o! mas- qucraders. Tire pmize winners wee Best girls' costume: Gipsy, Do- meen Fowler; Oid-!ashioned girl, Christena Lamb; Aunt Jemima, Peter Stacey. Best boys' costume: Chinese, Temry Price; Mm. Pea-nut, Geraid Brown; Tire Dcvii in Scamiet, Bobby Stacey. Best ladies' costume: Little Old Lady, with sirawl, Mary Husak. Rest men's costume: Little Ab- ner, Harold Hammiond. Best dressed couple: Maggie and Jiggs, Mm. and Mms. K. Squair. Best Haliowe'en costume: Witcir Kennetir Bragg; scarecmow, Keitir Lamb. Best comic: Tramp, Merrill Bmown. Pmogmam committec under Rus- sel Bragg h4ad chosen Ernest Gil- bank to lead in recreation. Tire leading item was a game of "Mus- ical Papers." A hilarious time ensued, ah cenjoying tire sport. An abundant lunch was scmved by Mms. Elmer Cox and hem group o! helpcms. Ncxt meeting is on November haIt of Mr. Dryden and the Royal Directorate, Col. McKendrick and Mr. Tidy handed out complimen- tary passes to the fair to the many local officiais present. Col. McKendrick and Mr. Tidy left Toronto early Monday mor- ning to caîl on aIl towns as far east as Cobourg to extend this forru of personal invitation. They rcturned via Peterboro and Lind- say. In other columns of this issue of The Statesman will be found, a further summary and an adver- tisement o! the Royal Winter Fair which is the premier event of its kind on thre North American con- tinent. Mr. Dryden said: "Please consider this as your own Show as it is held in your district and is an outstanding evcnt in the agri- We Have the 'Right Equipment It takes the riglit equipment to do the right kind of recap job on your tires ..* . and you should insist upon it! We are completely' equipped to do mechanically perfect recapping. We can assure you of expert service and unequalled quality. Corne in today, GF. Jamieson Tire Shop Phone 467 46 King St. W. Bowxnanville One more can be one too many Even Hydre cannot always find immediate room for one more consumer.' Present demands for Hydro power taxes exisfing facilifies te the ufmost. This is * due te ever-increaising use of low-cost Hydre service plus necessarily resfricfed Hydro construction during and since the war. Shortage of maferials and equip-. ment makes if impossible to speedily accomplish expansion long since planned. Lines und transfermers now serving any one district can carry Iust sa much power.. Wherever that capacity is being complefely used by present consumers, addition of new customers could be made enly at the expense of service te the old, until new materials for extensions are obtainable. This condition applies in cify, town 'and country. Everyfhing possible is being done te overcome it. New equipment s being installed as fast as it becomes available. Your Hydre Commission trusts and believes yeu will recognize the facts; and assist, by yeur patient ce-eperatien, in the orderly restoration of the prompt service that your Hydre always strives te maintain. In the meantime, let your Hydre knew as early as possible of any planned substanfial increase in your pewer needs, und use this low- cost servant wisely.% tatea Chamber of Commerce. On be- cuitural life o! Canada." 1 9 r LE 92 PAGES 11 to 14 NUMBER 45 F