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IIUESDAY, SEPT. 4th, 1047 * Iomanvlleand Soper Creeks '~(By 1. F. Crown) Oti Uichelong list of naturels Jtlht to mari none in no utterly es- nattaias Uic mil, ~ top soil in ýPartIcular. This Mycr oaisali, moyven ta eight Inèhes deep, is the lprincipal lceding zone af plants whlch provide food for buman and llvestock cansumption ad timber for shelter. This topsoil, however, is quite unstable under many conditions, particularly where man bas remnovcd the or- iginal pratective vegetative caver of trees and grass. This vegeta- tive caver pravided an absarptive layer aver the sali that lecsened the beating action ai thc nain and gave it more time ta percolate in- ta lthe sali and not run over it. SailiErosion Water maving aven bare culti- 'Vgt*4 land picks Up perticies ai sali in varying quantities and car- ries them away ta the Iower parts Oi the field or in some cases into thè'aprings and streams. This is knôwra as sheet erasian, an insid- tous action thst is apt ta go un- naticed at ieest until the iighter brown cubsoil makes its appear- ance. The amount oi soil wash- cd off sloping fields in this man- jepends an several factors, asà the type aisali, the steep- 5.ess and iength of siope, and the intcnsity and amount ai rain. le it realized that when the speed or ,velacity aif the water is doubled, the erosive or cutting power af the water is i.ncreased four times and the quantity of material that can be carried is increased thirty- twa times? We cannot alter the slope of aur fields or fhe amount af rainfail but we can reduce and contrai the speed that water wash- es over the fields. Enormous Loss On sloping bare land, the losses af this rich topsail are enormous. Oniy recently bas scientific data been obtained ta determine how much of this topsoil is being lost on different types of soil and vary- ing siopes under common cropping practices. Losses of thirty-five to flfty tans per acre on gently slop- ing cultivated fields in a single year are flot uncommon. What doec this mean? An acre af soil at plow depth which weighs ap- proximately 1,200 tons would. be completely eroded in thirty to forty years if continuous crap- ping ivas practiced. It is of interest to note here that th.!re bas been recently set up in Northumberland County near Grafton a series of demon- stration plots ta show the amount of soil loss fromn a ten per cent siope under various cropping and management methods. North Darlington This erosive action bas made particular headway in the upperj Good Companions OLD CHUM h The Tobocco of Qualityà t: c I.- TEE fANAfTAN TATIAMAf *f~WiTVTFAUX!IWAnMf In guoes Our 4t250t,000 th TE LE PHON E S0M E W HE R E in Ontario or Quebec thils week an installer is putting in the telephone which will bring our total ta a million and a quarter. In the past ten years we have added more than 500,000 telephonca. As the use of the. telephone han grown, quality of service ha. gone up. More people are getting more and btter service than ever before. W. will continue to pross at top speed our tank of *roviding more and better telephone service an fant as matenials became available. THE BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY 0F CANADA I LEGION Or HONOUIR si s fi aý t ti ai t. si t] A G a1 of au Ii ci, cc LET'S ALL BE CMTZENS AGAIN (John Atklns in the. Scene tram Shlngwauk Fanm.) When laws are made for citi- zens, and appiy equaliy ta each in like circumstances, frecdoma flour- ishes and the people prosper. When laws are made for gnou ps and classes, giving special privîl- cgee and the power ai gavern- ment ta minarities, frecdom with- ers and production declines. Great Bitein bas been con- peled by the growth ai special privileges, for labor, industry, ag- riculture, and civil servants, te edopt campuicary measjures which impair freedom, destray C-apeFa- tien, prevent choice ai occupation, pireclude autamatic rewards Ion initiative and enterprise, and ne- strict production. Canada should make an imrned- iate cemprehensîve study Iooklng toward the earliest passible ne- vocation ai ail pnivileges wbich are not ciearly campensated tiy national beneîlts wbîch accrue te ail citizens Lke. Lot us stop cre- HïowtoC.mLat Rhou.aIic"bis.May oh ite cuo b7 uS uncàacdablêi iiy dt "as dh.e lracw àdm 1.kiihy&. kikluys liiiammd xc...mm adru.am. Maycm "mu e e lcowolst d&a Tract dhuwcticpa"sby kuph«g "w =kg« id fr*dd-m.1m* .um ami «Su. aci&-ds-ep y7M l.ti h . Su 1t D*Udsce@de loeyt..a 137 reaches of the Bowmmnvllle and ISaper Creeko where the soi r -Ihghter and the siopeas$teepr.A- tbaugh a« detailed land use survey of the watershed haî net been carried out, reference can be made ta that part af Hope Township north af the fifthCnesinanâ west ai the county road, where a detailed land use survey was con- ducted by the Sale Department of the Ontaria Avricultural Coi- lege. Here, 2,700 acres or twelve per cent ai the surveyed area has been strlpped oi ail tapsol and 6,678 acres or twenty-seven per cent of the surveyed area have lost fifty ta seventy-flve per cent af the tapsail. Only 38 per cent af the land showed littie or no erasion. Because ai close sdm!- larities af soil type topography and farniing practices it is salein as- suming there is a sirnilar degree af soil erosian in Darlizigtan Township, north oi the fifth Con- cession. The Pine Ridge The nartherly limit ai the. wa- tershed te known ta residents ai the area as the "Pine Ridge" which includes approxlrnately 6,- 000 acres af land in Darlington Township lylng north ai a general line lram the narth hall ai lot one, Concession VIII ta the nortbwest corner of the Township. The soils oi this area are known as the Pontypool series and are light, coarse texturcd open sandy soils on steep topography and subject te severe erasion. These soils are generally unsuitable for agricul- ture, except in localized sheltcred areas which have access ta water, grazing is profitable. These steep, 1ight sandy soils require reiares- tationý and controlled cutting ai the cxisting waodlots, net only ta hold the soil in place but ta restore the original absorptive pawer ai the sail so that mare af the mnelting snows and rain may percolate into it ta increase th~e ground water, supply for the springs and wells in the aummer months. This increased absorp- tivity ai these headwater soils would tend ta lessen the flood ha- zard with its consequent inunda- tien of much good agricultural land downstream. Misuse af Land Soul depletion and erosian have been brought about in this "Pine Ridge" area mainly thréugh the misuse ai the land-using the land for purposes which it ie fnot adapt- ed. According ta the 1941 census1 there werc nearly 1,000 abandon- ed farms in South Central Ontario. Sal depietian, erosion and misu8e of the land played a major raie in these abandonments. The importance ot a protection forest In this "Pine Eidg>" area cannot be overloaked. ' is bene- ficil influence on the agricultural sections ai the watershed alone would warrant its adoptian. Then taa these lands would evexitually yicld a consider4bly higher mane- tary return in forest products and this incarne could be used In tax-j ation reduction.l The prableni ai erosion becames [ess acute but neverthelese of prime importance in the middle reaches and lower part af the wa- tershed where the clopes are gen- t1er and the sals generally heav- er. Conservation farmini prac-t tices must be proceduresg whichr ceduce the potential erodibility ai the sal and permit maximum pro- duction. It bas been proven be- Pl * SAFER SAFETY DEPOSIT BOXES Polilowlng the recent outbrcak ai safety deposit box robbcnies, Canadien banks are* taking steps ta strengtbcn their vaults, re- ports The Pinancial Po9t. Prem- iseM wbich a-few y cars ega were regarded as ebsoiutely bunglar- prooi are now-known ta ofier lit- tie resistance ta dceternined plun- dorers. Ta stop them, the banks will:, strengthen aider and weak- er buildings when the steel lu evailable; irstaîl burgiar alarms where nat« alreedy instalied; -in some cases, where Ihere, is de- lay in doing either af these, they will post guerds. lI orne cases, a plan ta mave suiety depoait boaçes &way froin aid buildings in autlying- aeag ta strorig dowritoWn branches bas al- so been propaued. A failure establishes oniy thts, that aur determiruation te succeed was net utrang enaugh.-Bovee. President James, S. Du~ncan James S. Duncan, Toronto, President, Massey Harris Comn- panY Ltd. has rccerntiy rcceived the ribbon ai the Legion ai Hon- obr from Count Jean de Haute- cique, French Amnbassador ta Canada. The bonour was ac- corded ta Mr. Duncan at a dinner erranged by Maurice Mosaier, Directar af the French e,çhibit at the Canadien National Exhibition. Born in France where bis fa- ther was identified w:th the Mas- sey Harris Ca., Mr. Duncan grad- uated from a French University before joining the fareign ser- vice ai the company whicb be now heads. The citation afflrmed that Mr. Duncan was decoaed for bis fricndship for France and hic activîties in Canada In be- hali ai the Free Frencb during the second world war. yond doubt that conservation fer- ming practices pay in larger yields ta thefermer. Such practices in- clude cultivating across tbe clopes anid fot up and dawn them, the use ai permanent grassed water- ways inthe naturel watercaurses oa field whicb is subject ta gui- lying, the grawing ai winter ca- ver crops for protection agaiiust the spring and flu rains, the mare extensive use ofliegijres in thc rotation and the maintenance ai sal fertility and organic matter. Rural-Urban ]Problem It is the people who work day in and day out wltb the 'sal Who want la be shown nat anly the need for sal conservation but how ta conserve. Here is where con- servation iarmlng demanstrations oan be ai great benefit. Sal conservation Iu ai urban as weli as rural importance and as sucb requires co-operative action. Net oniy sal conservation but the planning ai a complote conserva- tion programme should be an ob- jective ai the municipalities ai a watersbed. Coniservation Act The conservation Authorities Act was passed by the Ontario Legisiature In 1946. This Act pro- vides for municipalitles ai a wa- tershed, an area drained by a river and its tributaries, taes-; tablish a ConservL-tion Authority ta deal with problems on ail phases ai conservation and nec- tonation ai the naturel resounces of the watersbed. Such an Au- thority would be composed af rcp- resentatives appointed by the councîls ai each of the municipal- tics in the watershed. This Au- hority is nespansible ta the Mun- cipalities cancerned and wauld have wide pawers ta adopt a con- servation scheme and carry it out. Sucb a scheme may include re- forestation ai the sub marginal agricultural lande at the headwa- oers ai those twa streams, the pro- tection ai the beadwater stneams and sprlngs ta lessen flood candi- ions and maintain an adequate summer flow and graund water- supply, the devclopment of com- runitY Park sites on came af the îariy picturesque locations ai the ,aeshed, and working through te Agricultural Societies an.d Representatives ta pramate con- gervatian farming practices. The i ý,ct aise provides for Provincial .rarits ta an Authority ta carry )ut au eppnaved acheme. The Authority wauld serve as an or- ganization ta wbich ail mattens )fconservation cen be directed id would act as the co-aenative ink between ahl persans and se- ,ties interested in pramoting .nsenvation measures within thic vatershed. Durham Central Agricultural Society FALL Ai Friday & Saturday, Sept. 5 & 6 HARNESS RACgS UNDER THE DIRECTION 0F ORONO DRIVNG CLUB 2.21 and over - purs. $150 2.21 and under - pure $150 - A ~¶flA.U~U. au~u Potato BUIght N..di Atteioni' There haq.beei 'eceptional growth .aofte -icte.- .potata crop during the last iew Weektsin On- tario. Fields in a good state ai where good seed ha& -been"used and growing planta given protec- tion, from leaf hoppers fies beetle and Colorado potato ý,eetle wlth mep1icatlons ai D.D.T., are now sbWing excellett top roh nd good indication &i tuber develop- ment. At this date, howeve r, it la dif- iltotaestiate yIelds ai alar- ketbe taos as late ýllfht or other diosce rn ay seriaus y re- duce the final output af Canada No. 1 grde belore harventirig ..n.. Late bllght fungus han been observed at Ibis eariy date on patato craps in four leadinf. potato producing caunties. Mals, warm bumnid conditions are iav- aurgble b lfurther development of the. late blight arganisma. For this reason, graWers .would be well advised ta give sPecl iim- mediate attention to culient dust- ing or spraying ai their patata crops ta prevent Uhe furtiier de velaprment afIbite blight disease. Otherwise, senlous lasses Iney ho expcrlenced in their potentiAl Marketing ai the eariy crop is progreeeIpg satisfactorily. Estilmit- ed potato acireage for Ontario shows sarnie eduction bclow last ycaer's total af 120,000 acres, val- ued at almroat $20,000,000. *' JouRr4.y T. Figues lnecaie that an uz- usuall large quantit y of western fecd grains and millfeeds were shipped east durlng the 11-montb period ended June 30, 1947, The movement ai western feed whet wus down campared wi1th the correspanding perlod ci thec w- vious year, byt this was more than offset b3r Increaied shlp- ments oi aats, barley, screenlngs and milleeds. The net Incecases over 1946 for ail these feeds w#s 16,414 tons for OntIfio, 113,420 tans for Québec, 18,485 tons for New Brunswick, 23,482 taons fer Nova Scotia and 1,974 -tons for Prince Edward Isl#nd, miaking a total ai 173,728 tons. Wheit sbipments decre4sed by 5 million bushels, but oat. Increaged by nearly ten million buÉhels and barley by 3.5 million busbel4. NEZ» AGIRICULTUI94L GRADUATES Canada cannot train too mnany youth4 ini scientific agriculture. Few questions s4bmilttcd by 'he Financial Post have brought ach unanimlty of opinion as that on this subject. E ducaturnite, bus!- nessmen, practical fermers, egie that.even the present postwar on- rairnent in agricultural colleges lu not more than can bo absorbed; indeed, many voice Uthe view IlisI still mare studeflta are nfteded. Tbey stress thgt agricultul'e, In addition ta being the DorffnIon's basic industrY, Io aIea the founda- tien on Which many other indus- tries rest; and they aima point out that preocont-day scierîtiie agric- ultural traning covers a muoh wider field than actul precticai iarming. REAVY 9EED EXPORTE FROM 1946 CROF With the close af thc 1946-47 seed crop ycar an June 30, 19. 47, the quantity ai sped a! the 1946 crop approved for export liy the Seeds' Inspection Service, Dornj- ion Department ai Agriculture was:, wheat, 897 87à hueshels; oats 9971931 buýs*. bhaley 222,723 bushels; corni 135,574 bushels; ail flax seed 55,329 bu- shels; libre flax seed 58,000 bu, shais; alialla 5,090,905 lb;, red claver 1,493,436 lb; aisike 707,. 966 lb; 'white claver 3,106 lb; Canada blue grass 170,800 lb; Kentueky blue igraàs 31,200 115. Purcheses ai seed by the prit- ish Food Mission for shipinent tô the United Kingdom,, or the United Klngdomn Zone af Ge r- fniany w ere: allla 80,00t) lb; alsike 1,485,458 lb;, aisike anàu white claver 386,385 1b; red claver 2,492,875 1b; Iimothy mix- ture 351,106; anid corn 79,170 bu- shels. UNRIRA aIma purchaseci 58,230 hucheis oai eau anà 36,356 bushels ai barlcy ai reglstered certified grades. Aiways use a cutting baard wben shredding or cugtting yoga- tables or sllcîng fruit an the drainboard or sink ta avoid chip- Ontaia oliays Ut Ma<esYou Feel So mqjck etter The Vitamin 131 Tonic f enivly umied foi, headache, fatigue, Lad exhaustion -ai the__ S nervous ystern. 60 cta. Economy size, *.50 Dr. (hase's Nerve Food From the seven-mile stretçb of beach at its sotlhera tip", to the rockbouad coast of the northçrn, shore, Géorguensay> is one of the Most colourful resort regians in Ontario. And, there arc isiands . . . tens of tbousands of chem! Colling- Wood, Midland mnd Pmrry Sound are somre of the holiday centres cf this popular play- ground . . . cach within an les$as fernoon drivé froin Tcoronto . .. or a fcw houri by train . . . a littie longer front Ottawa and the border. Like more details? Write to Ontario Holiday, Room 1004, Victory Building, Toronto. TOURIST BUSINESS S 0001) BUSINESS . . . FORt EVRY CITIZEN I WÙe ail profit when the tourist Cornes taaur province or country. Even -if.you have no connection wth hotels, il cozpanies or amusments, tleir increased busi- ness helps you, So it'c in your interest ta do ail yau can ta encourage friends from other [Fair WIiI b. FormalIy Opened AT 1:00 ]F.M. by ME. C. D. GRAHAM, Deputy Minister et Agriculture ORO ORONO CITIZENVS AND wiii give a band concert from 1 t. 2:30 p.m. New Excltlng Midway 1 FUN AND THRILLS FOR YOUING AND OL» Amateur Show - 2:45 p.m. A ost of Exhibits ROUIS5, OÂTTLZ, UHEEP, POULTRY, HOG8, FRUIT AID VEGETABLEB thé produeti cf the farm DOUTIC, EUNUYACTURE, BOXE COOKINQ, PAINTUiG, NEEDLECIRAPT AND IPLOWER13j SPECiI UR EXxisiT PROM INOX ]PUR PAlMC De sure teoe fthe exhibits ln the. Junior Deportment 11uairLance COMMUNITY HALL, NEWCASTLE Friday Nlght, Sept. Sth RUSS CREIGRTON andIbis VARUTY DANCE RAND will be la attendance Admission to Danse - Soc per person Crand Concert TrOWN HALL, ORONO Saturday Nlght, Sept. etti hi JESSIE MeGEZGOR CONCERT COMPANY Admission: Adultz 50c, Ohildroei 5o, ating privileges for employees, employerg, farmers and civil ser- vants, and start regarding aur- celve8 as citizens 4gain. Lgasad- equate ta the protection of aur rights as citizens arc sufficient ta saleguard al ai aur nights. Thare was a day in Canada when a min- imum aif iaw produced a maxi- mum ai persona: and public good, Victoria Harbour, ue4r 2vfdiand THE CANADI" STATESMM. 1901MANVMLE ONTAIUD 19APIIR %"F»- 1 ý