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THURSDAY, SEPT. llth, 1947 TEE CANADIAK STATESMAN. BOWMANVILLI!. ONTA~O A -~ UIv _____________________________________________________________________ 52~Z~ aaI~a V J!a~ Jj Socialisi Prof essor Turns Turile- 11 Prof. Frank H. Underhil, of the Ulniversity of Toronto, la a soc- ialist and a prominent member of the C.C.F. Party, and during what lie calls "the season of mid- summer calm" he wrote an art- icle entitled "Ran4tyn Remarks on Socialism anV Freedom," which appears in the August issue of The Canadlan Forum, the high- brow organ ai the C.C.F. The professar began bis article with a sigh af relief that, for the time being, the "stream af pam- phlets and circulars" tram the an-, ti-socialists and similar annoying erliclsmns of sociaiism ini the press have "dried up." Free fram this annoyance, but apparentiy feeling zther lonesome ror someone to argue with, the prafessar proceeds Io argue with himself, in the course of which he knocks the bat- tom out ai the C.C.F.'s sacialist program.-- "It is foolish," says the profess- or, "for socialists ta pretend that there are no dangers in the ex- tension ai state activity which their pragram invoives. Social- ist panegyrics about the rnystic beauties ai Planning are apt ta be just silly, and %ametimes dis- honest, as the hymisaof Free En- terprise which are intoned by ,their appanents. And when sac- Skeep on harping about con- oàas the essence ai their pal- icy, they lend plausibility ta the Velýharges that they are really frus- 'kated bureaucrats with an itch tV menage ther peaple's business fa'ff therx?. Dismissing as "verbal exercîs- es" the warnings of "the Hayeks and Lippmanns that planning must be tatalitarian," the profess- or proceeds: "Stijl, sacialists shauid ease up on their persis- tent talk about contrais. What the world chiefly needs et pres- ent is enterprise and imagination, initiative and* visian. The defend- ers ai capitalism are quite right in maintaining that these qualities were given full scape in the cap- itaism aif the past and that this was the reason for the great me- terial pragress in recent gçnera- tians. We stili need enterprise, and* it is up ta socielist.s ta dem- anstrate, wilen they became re- sponsibie far palicy, that public enterprise is just as passible as private enterprise. The mere tek- iig aver ai the ecanomy under State contraIla sna guarantee in it- self thet public enterprise wauld be forthcoming."1 Prafessor Underhill casts a nos- talgic eye backwerd to the "Lib- erel tradition ai the nineteenth ce±tury," and says that "Engiish- speaking communities need con- :tantly ta remind themselves of those two good old liberal prav- erbs: 'eternal vigilance is the Price of freedam; alI power tends ta corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely.' In eny soc- iety there wlll alveys be need for checks and balances of power, wherever located in the saciety. Sacialists shauld do more think- ing than they are fond aif<doing upon the problem of how these checks and balances znay ie in- --titutionalized in a socialist soc-' Jety,"' The professor suggests that his fellow sociali§ should put them- sevsta w simple tests, "ta find out how far they really lie- liive in liberty.", One of these tMts, he says, "should be made campulsory amang Canadien C.C. F.:j"He suggests thet they re- reU Belam's Laaking Beck- warW," with its picture ai a per- fectly harmonized society, in the light of the experience oi Russia 'i '~- I and Germeny. "Liberal social- ists," lie says, I'should be mature enough ta understend that a soc- iety, however organized, which is nat full oi controversy and fric- tion, is net likely ta be a free soc- iety. Bellamy achieved harmony exactly as Hitler and Stelin did, by eiiminating dissenters and by preconditioning the minds ai the masses so that they would want exectly what their gavenors sup- plied for themn." The second test suggested for C.C.F.'ers is that ai their attitude ta "Soviet Democrecy." The pro- fessor seys that "Western social-, ists who are stili warshipping or indulging in subtie hair-splitting as they prostate themselvcs lie- fore the firy-story af a socicty ai workers and peasents ever march- ing on ta ever new democratic victories, are justly abjects oi sus- picion ta their fellow citizens. All those who in this ycar ai 1947 stili refuse ta see the police-state with its politicel N.K.V.D. and its concentration camps, its single ta- talitarian party and it regime ai terror and mass deception, are convicting themselves. And when they hold up Americen cepitelism as samething equally taelie deplar- ed with this sort ai thing, they make the verdict upon themsclves inevitable. The real division in the. world todey is not between socialismn and capitelism, it is lie- tween freedom and totaliterien- ism.ý The defenders ai free enterpriêse could liardiy put their case mare forcibly than that, and the whole a! this article goes ta show that Professor Underhill is nat a sac- ialist at ahl, but an old-time Lib- eral and a staunch defender ai free enterprise and the perty sys- tem aifgavernment. He :oresees the possiblity ai "excessive state power" in a socialist society and the necessity for checks upan Its abuse. "Three great necessary checks," lie says, "wili be trade unions, dhurcies and political parties-trce trade unions, fre churches and political parties- But it is ta be lioped that trade unianism daesn't become, as it lias mainly become in Russie, sim- ply anather state agency for man- ipulating the workers . . . How will wages'be fixed, how will in- dustriel disputes lie settled, how will labor lie distributed among different industries - these are questions ta which trade unions who vote for socialist parties miglit give more attention. Sim- ilarly as to political parties. It is extreordinary how enticing the vision is ta the ardinery social- ist ai e singlc..party state which ineugurates saclalism once for aIl. The ultimate test ai freedom is the right ai minorities ta crîticize and toaegitate in tic hope ai becom- ing majorities. This means a plurelity ai political parties." The proiessor asks some ques- tions which must be disconcert- ing ta C.C.F'ers. "How do we ensure that education does not degenerate into propaganda ?" miglit have been eddressed ta thc Saskatchewan Govcrnmerit. On this question the proiessor adds: "The terrible power in meking public opinion which la possessed by a ruthiess state authority has been vividly iilustreted for us in Nazi Gcrmany and Comxnunist Russie." It would seem that thc stream ai anti-socialist literature has not been without its effect upon Prof. Underhill's attitude taward social- ism, and tic C.C.F. in particular. Indeed, lie hes in this article en- dorsed in trenciant language al OLI tie chief criticisms and condem- nations that have been directed egainst the social and ecanomic doctrines and policy of the C.C. F. It appears ta lie another case ai the Prodigal's Return. Fuel 01I Supply Situation ln Canada R.flects Hlgh Demand The tiglit fuel ail supply situa- tion in Canada Ila ereflection af the higli world-wlde demand for pctroleum products. In the west- cn hemisphere an unprecendent- cd dernand for ail products, has, resulted from intense economic ectivity, removal ai war ration. ing restrictions, extremelyý heavy damestic consumption, cdntinued lieavy military demand and Eur- opean requirements for recon- struction. Contributing ta the world sit- uation also it the outriglit war- time. destruction ai European re- fineries. Whilc there was no such loss ai equipment iii the western hemisphere, routine replacement ai refining, storage and transpor- tation units and normal expan- sion ai capacity wes defcrred dur- ing the wer and leck ai sufficient construction meterials still is lim- iting increased output. Approx- imately 21,/' years are needed ta engineer and construct modemn re- fining units. The situation on this continent has- been made more acute by the general shortege ai caal and gas which has led to a greatly increas- ed use ai petroleum fuels. There lies been à tremendous increase in Canada end the U.S. in the num- ber ai ail furnaces, sppce heaters, range burners, water heaters and other hauseliold ail - liumning equipment. In one Canadien town ai 7,000 e single dealer baught 2,500 spece heeters in his district. The ail economy ai the western liemisphere is, closely linked. Can- ada is the world's second largest per capita consumer af pctroleum, but produces only 10 per cent ai lier crude ail needs. She must import the rest. Aýltliaugh the industry la sup- plying neerly threc timea as mucli fuel ail as was used in 1939 there is stîli e gap between supply and demend. This gap cannat im- med-ietely be closed because ai aliortages ai meteriels for con- struction ai increesed refining and storege cepacity, slips, pipe lines, reilway tank cars and ail the oth- cm equipment needed for trans- porting, manuiecturing and dis- tributing crude ail and products. The present tiglit supply situa- tion is, a tempory, nat e perman- ent one. Expansion programs planned or in pragress will re- store the ail industry's usuel nier- gin ai supply over demand, but et present it is going aIl-out ta manufacture and store the fuels whidli will be needed this wintcr. The industry is using ail its.fac- ilities, even though- some naw pressed, into service are antiquat- ed, and expensive to apeilte, ta serve Canada by doing everything passible ta balance record demand with record supply. DIET AND STUDY Statistics prove that the better a youngàter is fed, the mare read- ily will he legrn. Young people cancentrating an studies, there- fore, should make sure that they are nat handicapping themselves unnecesseriiy by n e gle ct in g healthiul foads. There is evidence that proper food not only helps the body tea evaîd weakness and pain, but cantributes, in fact, ta the wrking ai the brain. RAE DAIRY' PHONE 444 FOR DELIVERY il. By Lewis Milligan "There's something about e sail- or-wcll, you know whet seilars are." Thet was writtcn and sung in the deys ai the "windjemmers" whcn a lufe on the acean weve was much harder and more perilous than it is today. There was ad- venture and romance in the sea ai those days which lured youth with visions ai fer-off lands and hcld tlcmn in its speil ai wenderlust to the end ai their lives. This "sca-fever" tound expression in thé lines ai John Maseiield: I must go down to, the sees again, Ta the lonely sea and tic sk, And ail I esk is a taîl ship, And a star ta, steer lier by Maseiield knew wiereof lie sang, for lie seiled out ai the port ai Liverpool bcfore-tle-mast in those old sailing slips an long voyages to Airica, India and the Orient. There was scercely e tam- ily in Liverpool that did nat have one or more members wlio early "took ta tic sea." Same ai them "swallowed the anchor' in the firat voyage and were dulibed "longshoremen" by their former sea-metes. An eider brother ai mine ren awey ta sea as a lad, and tinelly became boetswain aif a schooner whicli sailed out ai Liv- erpool an eleven-montis trips ta, India, carrying coolies tram Cal- cutta ta thc suger plantations ai Demerara. Aithougli he married and tried ta settle down ashore, lie always lied a liankering ta lie "off ta the sca again," and when the tirst Great Wer broke out lie join- cd the Marines and wes wound- cd in the lending et Gallipoli. But that la an aid story, and tie romance lias gone out ai the sea witb. the pessing ai the sailing slip and tic advent ai tic mach- ine ege. Kipling tried ta make poctry out oi a steemsiip, but lis attempt was farced and mccl- anical, and in desperetian he cricd, "Lord send us a Rolibie Burns ta sing a sang ai steam!" Tiere la no paetry in stem-at leest flot the kind tiat Burns wrote, or tliat ai Allen Cunning- hem, wlth its free, lyricel sweep that transports us immedieteiy out into the open speces and sait air ai Uic occan. A wct sheet and a thowing ses, A wind tiet follows fast, And tilla tlie white and rustling -Ba il, And bends the gallent mast; And bends tlie gallant meat, my boys, While, like an cagle free, Away the good slip flics, and leaves Old Engiand an the he. No poet that I know aiflias yet wrltten anything like that about a stcamship. The reason is thet the steamer lias wit hin itacli the means ai propulsion and makes straiglit for its goal, wiile the sailing ship apreads its wings like a bird ta the varying winds and lias to wrestle with the elements ta make headway. The modern ocean liner la a majestic and pur- poseful thing, but it is not ta lie compared for beauty and romance with a full-rigged slip siantingly tacking against a liead-wind. With the disappearance ai Uic aId time sailing ship has gone the aid time seilor, and we no langer sing thc old sangs ai the sea, sudh as Tom Blowing, The Anchor's Weighed, Thc Bey ai Blscay. Lar- board Watcli and Racked in thc Cradie ai the Deep, which were s0 popular an concert pletiorms up ta iorty years ego. Prom the sail- or's point o! vicw, wc need not regret thc pessing oi the aid wind- jammers, for it was a bard and ai ten a wreched lufe on the rail- ing deep in those days. But lufe in general was harder than it is tod.ay, and thc modemn seilor does not secm ta lie as happy and con- tcnted with lis casier lot as tlie joliy aId shcllbeck wes with lis rougli and periious onc. Pcrhaps the explanation is that thc sailor lias become obscsscd with the ec- anamic aspects af bis job, and no pact lias yet arisen wha could rnake a sang about économies. The tahe-bearer hath the dcvii in lis tangue; the receiver in lis ear.-John Boys. ic position. Did you Know? _____________ Minister of Agriculture Urges Farmers To Increase Seeding Grain Hon. T. L. Kennedy, Ontario Minister ai Agriculture, appealed to farmers this week ta plant an edditional 1,000,000 acres in grain crops next year as a means ai alleviating warid shortages in f ood. The minister suggested the gav- ernment wauld be prepared ta essist a scheme ai increased crop production, and toid delegates at a conierence of Ontario Crop Im- provement Assaciatian thet labor shorteges couid be overcome by a system undep which farmn machin- ery wauid lie poaled. Col. Kennedy predicted there wauld ble no end af the shortage ai food in the warld until 1950. 'l say the shortage wiil canti.nue far at least another three yeers." He deplared Ontaria' depend- ence an the west far ted grain. "We shauld lie able ta graw enaugh feed for aur own live- stock," the minister said. He cam- mented that he had noticed some tarmland in the province overrun with weeds. Ontario farmers are apparently prepering ta increase their seed- ing ai fail wheat, in some in- stances by 10 p.c. or mare over Jast yeer. Ominous news reports from Europe as summer is ending are predicting warse food living con- ditions than lest wînter and spring when the ecanomic system ai the western cauntries almost colleps- ed. Recent cabied news is dis- quieting, as doubts ai food suiiic- iency continue. It is tram thet atftiosphere Col. Kennedy return- ed a few weeks ega, and with im- pressions which infiuenced his caîl this week for increased, produc- tion. If this job is done, it will only be fermers wha do it, and partiy beceuse they understand that their awn order and well beîng is iinked with Europe. Offer Second Series Canada Savngs Bonds On Sale October 14 The decisian ta afier a second series ai Canada Savings Bands, forecast same time ago, has been caniirmed by Hon. Dauglas Ab- bott, Minister ai Finance. The new issue goes an sale on Octoli- çr l4th. The Minister ai Finance stated that the second series, ai Canada Savings Bonds will be datçd Na- vember lst, 1947, and will bear interest at the rate ai 2-%% each year for ten years. They may be redeemed et any time at any bank in Canada for full face value plus interest and wilil be registered in the owner', name-aiiording pro- tection against loss. Not mare then $1,000 ai this series may be registered in any one name. Mr. Abbott pointed out that the new series will enable the con- tinuance af the Payroll Savings Plan now in operation in thous- ands af arganizations throughout the country, and will elso permit its installation by other cormpan- ies who recagnize its value. The new Canada Savings Bonds will also lie evailable for purchase by the general public, who may buy them for cash or an instalments. Mr. Abbott said that the recep- tion given ta Canada Savings Bonds since their introduction last October had provided the main reasan for the new ofiering. Purchases have been made since that time by more than 1,200,000 Canadians. This total includes 623,840 employees who used Pay- rall Savings Plan facilities pro- vided by their employers. Although the decision ta offer a second series is based primarily on demonstrated public demand for these fecilities, it was explain- ed by Mr. Abbott that the Gov- ernment also lias in mind the val- ue oi wîdespread holdings ai Can- ada Savings Bonds in the nation- ai Economy. Present holdings have already rendered more than a million Canadians better able ta meet personal emergencies or ta carry out persanal plans. Such personal resources are regarded as an element oi strength and sta- bility in the nation. Every apprapriate means ai in- iorming the public ai the details ai the new series wililibe used. Mr. Abbott statecVlhat it is con- fidently expected that Canadians will again recognize this fine in- vestment opportunity andi wiii make -plans ta take full advan- tage ai it. The population oi Ont.ario is 4,- 050,000, which is approximately one-third oi the 12,200,000 inhali- itents ai Canada. Our population is greater than that ai any other Province and is raughly anc-heuf million greater than Quebec, wvhich hes the second lergest pap- ulation. This figures out ta elcv- en persans per square mile. Scv- en-eighths ai the population is concentrated in Southcrn Ontario with about sixty per cent living in urban centres, heving a popu- lation ai 1,000 ar more. The cten- sity ai population, in Southern Ontario is 45 per square mile. Forests caver an area approx- imately 237,000 square miles, or 58 % af the entire area ai the Pro- vince. 93 % af ail accessible for- ests in Ontario are owned by the Province and are emang its great- est assests. Of the total forested area, 173,800 square miles, or 73 % is classified as 'productive,' and consists ai merchentable timber for use as sawlogs, pulpwoad, or fuel. The iorest resources o! the Province provide the basis for e very greet industry, emnbracing pulp and peper milis, sew and plening milîs, fectaries manuiec- turing paper boxes and begs, fur- niture, sashes and doors, and sucli related industries as publishing and book-binding. EARLY CHICKS NOW PAYING PRODUCERS Poultry raisers were urged ear- ly this year by the Poultry Ser- vices, Dominion Department of Agriculture ta buy or hatch chicks a montli or twa monilis earlier than usually so as ta meke eggs available in the fall and winier for expart ta Great Britain. They are now beneiiting by the pay-off. Twa cars ai new crap eggs were offered ta the Special v-raducts 1 Board on August 22, for shipment ta Great Britain against the Brit. ish egg cantract. This was a fl manth earlier then in 1946, and the 1947 early liatched pullets sliould enable producers ta contin- ue egg deliveries throughout the feul and winter when Britain wants them mast and pays e premium for them, say officiais ai the Department. Announcement lias been made ofiicially through the British Food Mission, that the agreement with Canada for the sale ai eggs and egg praducts extending ta t he end af January, 1949, will flot lie ai- fected by measures being teken by Britein ta strengthen lier econam- CANADIAN INDUSTRIES LIMITED I k i I THERE'S LOTS OF DRIVE IlNMILE Steer clear of fatigue!1 Keep your body fit, your spirits high. Drink our nutritious, delicious tasting mili for plenty cf virn, vigor and vitality. A glana of mP!k at the start of the day, i the middle'of the day and at the end of the day keepu you goftig- strong!1 P V DURO Pump, keePing fresh, cleon water befor. you.' cetti aili A the time. . . when th:y w:nt it .. . s the answer ta higher The new DURO is the former's pump - buit ta give o lifotimo of service. . . to provide runnbtg4 water in hous., barn., stables, poultry houses, greenhouses, truck gardons. Convenience clone lu worth the cost . . . but savings in time and labour wilI soon paY foi a DURO Pump installation. IMPROVE DAILY LIVIN G EMCO Fixtures and Fittings are designed for Deauty end Utility. See how eosily yau can modernise Kitchen, Bathroom, Laundry. . . pm'tact the health and add ta daily comfort of ail your family. Visit us for comple details. Dert Parker & Sons Phone 651 47 King St. 3. Plumbing and Heating LIMITED LOflDof -4ifmiLTon -ToRoflTo-suDeiURV-winfipiG -vAflco.uv&i TEMMDAY, SEIFIT. -Ilth, 1947 THE CANADIAN STATESMAN. BOV;bUýý. ONTAIRIO "There's Something' About a Sailor"I lcbÀkiqr, in.v-irviL . a LIM-ITED